A. N. GERASIN

N. S. Otvarukhina

BACHELOR'S GRADUATE QUALIFICATION PAPER

INSTRUCTIONS

MOSCOW

Methodical guidelines for writing the final qualifying work for bachelors studying in the areas of "Economics" and "Management" - Moscow: MGIUs.

The purpose of the guidelines is to provide organizational and methodological assistance to bachelors in the process of writing the final qualifying work.

Methodical guidelines are based on the provisions of the state educational standard of higher professional education of the Russian Federation for training bachelors in the areas of "Management" and "Economics". The structure of the final qualifying work, guidelines for writing the final qualifying work, organizational issues of work protection are given.

Moscow State Industrial University, 2011

1. General ... 4

2. The structure and content of the BACHELOR'S final qualifying work ... 4

3. METHODS OF WORK ON THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK 9

3.1. Justification of the relevance of the selected topic. Formulation of the research problem. 9

3.2. Determination of the object and subject of research. eleven

3.3. Setting the goal and objectives of the final qualifying work .. 12

3.4. Putting forward scientific research hypotheses. 12

4. WRITING OF THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION PAPER AND ACCUMULATION OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION ... 13

4.1. Development of a work plan for the preparation of final qualifying work 13

4.2. Selection, analysis and generalization of material. 14

4.3. Selection of factual material. 14

4.4. Requirements for the presentation of the final qualifying work. 15

4.5. Techniques for presenting scientific materials. 16

4.6. Formulation of conclusions, obtained results, justification practical recommendations. 17

4.7.1. Abstracts of reports and speeches. 20

4.7.2. Research Article. 20

4.7.3. Participation in work, seminars, conferences. 21

5. Organizational issues of the defense of the final qualifying work .... 22

5.1. Preliminary defense of the final qualifying work .. 22

5.2. Defense of the final qualifying work .. 22

1. General Provisions

The final qualifying work of a bachelor is a work that is an independent scientific research carried out on a topic relevant to this area of \u200b\u200bscience. The main scientific results obtained by the bachelor are subject to mandatory approbation through publication in scientific publications, set out in reports at scientific seminars, conferences.

The final qualifying work is carried out under the guidance of a scientific advisor (doctor or candidate of sciences). For work carried out at the intersection of scientific directions, one or two scientific consultants may be involved.

2. Structure and content of the BACHELOR's final qualifying work

The final qualifying work (WRC) includes (Fig. 1):

· title page;

· Introduction;

· The main part (chapters, paragraphs, conclusions);

· Conclusion;

· List of sources used;

· Applications.

Title page is the first sheet of the WRC. The title page is filled in according to certain rules. The upper field contains the full name of the educational institution. In the middle field, the title of the work is given, which is drawn up without the word "topic" and is not enclosed in quotation marks. Below, closer to the right edge of the title page, the surname, first name, patronymic of the bachelor and then - the surname, name, patronymic of the supervisor, his title, degree and position are indicated. The lower field indicates the city and year of writing the work.

Introduction is an integral part of the WRC. The introduction substantiates the choice of the research topic, reveals the relevance of the topic, the object, the subject of research, the purpose and objectives of the FQP. In accordance with the goal, object, subject of research, tasks are formulated. The following groups of tasks can be distinguished: theoretical, experimental, practical.

The introduction provides a brief historical excursion and a review of scientific materials, allowing to reveal the stages in the development of concepts, scientific approaches, terms, mechanisms and methodological tools in the research area under study. In the introduction, it is necessary to briefly outline the structure of the WRC, the scientific results of the research and the practical significance of the main provisions of the WRC.

The introduction reveals the relevance of the chosen topic, provides an assessment in terms of timeliness and practical significance. An overview of scientific material is given, revealing the degree of development of the topic. Further, it is necessary to logically move on to the formulation of the research goal, as well as list the specific tasks to be solved in accordance with the goal in form: to study the conceptual apparatus, conduct a comparative analysis, develop methodological tools, etc.

An obligatory element of the introduction is the formulation of the object and subject of research: object - a specific organization or management system; subject - that side of the object that is being studied (for example, socio-economic, partnership). It is necessary to point to information sources (used literature, main sources of statistical and factual information), disclose methods of their processing and give a brief justification of the structure of the work. The total volume of the introduction is 5-6 pages.

Scientific text of the final qualifying work (main part).

This part of the FQP is scientifically grounded and systematized by the bachelor's degree research material that meets the goals and objectives.

The scientific text of the WRC is characterized by the logic of presentation, the use of published materials, accurate information and facts, as well as scientifically based statements and conclusions.

New scientific and methodological solutions proposed by the bachelor should be strictly reasoned and critically assessed in comparison with other well-known scientific and practical provisions. When writing the scientific text of the FQP, it is necessary to provide links to sources of scientific, factual and other information.

The number of chapters depends on the nature of the WRC. There should be an organic internal connection between the chapters, the material within the chapters should be presented in a clear logical sequence. Each chapter ends with a short summary. Chapter titles should be as short as possible, reflect their main content, and may not repeat the title of the WRC. The final qualifying work of the bachelor consists of 3 chapters.

In the first chapter usually give the results of generalization and review of theoretical aspects of the problem under consideration. In the first chapter, attention should be paid to the following points: to study the conceptual apparatus of the problem under study; consider various scientific and methodological approaches to solving problems based on the study of the works of domestic and foreign scientists. If there is a controversial approach in any subject area, it is necessary to describe the differences and note those approaches that will be further used and developed by the author. The bachelor must compare the opinions of scientists and bring his own opinion or accept an existing position. It should be clear from the text of the work when the bachelor expresses his own judgments and in what cases he uses already known, published scientific provisions.

The first chapter is the theoretical part of the work, serves as the basis for the preparation of the second and third chapters. The volume of the theoretical section is 15-20 pages.

Second chapter of the work , as a rule, it is devoted to the analysis of statistical, factual and other materials that make it possible to substantiate the problem, argue the conclusions and the need to solve the assigned tasks. This chapter analyzes the state of the subject area. The necessity of updating, developing the existing science and practice of solving the assigned tasks, using methods and technologies for their solution is argued. The second chapter should include analytical materials on the selected research object (enterprise, industry, group of industries, region, country as a whole) for at least 3-5 recent years... The analysis is carried out on the basis of calculations of economic and statistical indicators characterizing the main parameters of the state, structure and dynamics of the processes and phenomena under study, and should be accompanied by generalizing conclusions about the state of the problem under consideration at the selected object of study.

The second chapter follows:

· Consider foreign and domestic experience in solving such problems;

· Study the methodological tools used in theory and practice to solve problems in the subject area.

When analyzing methodological support the composition of the methods for solving problems developed and used by the management system is assessed, their focus on achieving the goals of the production and economic system, the development of effective management decisions. The article analyzes the security of the regulatory and organizational documentation management system, the rational combination of methods of various groups. It is also necessary to assess the quality of the used regulatory and methodological guidelines, regulations, etc.

The volume of the second chapter is 20-25 pages.

In the third chapter the methodological tools developed by the bachelor are given, which allow to solve the tasks and achieve the goal graduation work... Substantiate the introduction of models and methodological tools into practice, allowing to increase the socio-economic efficiency of organizations.

For each decision, a rationale is given, both logical and calculated, a set of developed working documentation with the content and research procedure.

The third chapter of the graduate work is connected with identifying trends in the dynamics of the phenomenon under study, forecasting using a set of methods of modern software packages. This chapter may provide a rationale for practical suggestions and recommendations based on previous scientific analysis.

The volume of the third chapter is 20-25 pages.

In general, when writing the main part of the work, it is advisable to end each chapter with a short summary or conclusions. They summarize the material presented and serve as a logical transition to subsequent chapters.

Conclusion.

In the conclusion, the results of achieving the set goal and solving the tasks of the WRC are given.

The conclusion includes a generalization of the information set forth in the main part of the FQP, scientific provisions, conclusions, recommendations developed by the author.

In the conclusion, the main aspects of practical testing of the developed scientific-methodological and scientific-practical provisions are revealed, as well as the main directions and recommendations for the further development of this topic in the relevant scientific field.

Thus, the conclusion should have:

· Brief conclusions on the results of the work performed;

· Assessment of the completeness of solutions to the tasks set when writing the work;

· Assessment of the possibilities of practical application of scientific results.

Conclusions and proposals are presented briefly, as a rule, without substantiation, in the form of abstracts. Conclusions should naturally follow from the corresponding parts of the text of the work. They cannot be substantiated by data and facts that are not included in the text of the work.

The volume of the conclusion can be up to 5 pages.

List of sources used.

The conclusion is followed by a list of sources used, reflecting the independent creative work of the bachelor. Each literary source included in the list should be reflected in the WRC manuscript. If a bachelor cites the works of famous Russian and foreign scientists or uses data obtained by other researchers, he must point to the relevant sources in inline or subscript references. It is not recommended to include in the bibliography works that are not referred to by the bachelor in the main text and which were not actually used in the work.

Applications.

The annex is a part of the main scientific text of the WRC that has additional meaning. Appendices are drawn up as a continuation of the dissertation after the conclusion and the list of sources used. The appendixes contain diagrams, questionnaires, questionnaires, figures, calculation models, tables that clutter up the main part of the thesis. The connection of the main text with applications is carried out through the corresponding links.

3. TECHNIQUE OF WORK ON THE EXHAUST
QUALIFICATION WORK

Relevance in relation to final qualifying works is considered in two aspects: in the formulation of the research topic and in relation to the results obtained in the course of research work... Therefore, carrying out research in that part of the information sphere, in which there are gaps, inconsistencies, problems, increases the relevance of the chosen topic. It is important for a bachelor to be convinced that such work has never been done before.

The purpose of the study focuses on its final result, theoretical-cognitive and practical-applied, tasks formulate questions that must be answered in order to achieve the goal of the study. The goal and objectives of the study form logically interconnected chains in which each link serves as a means of retaining other links In other words, the nature of the tasks depends on the content of the goal, and the goal, in turn, depends on the clarity of the problem formulation. The goal presupposes the solution of the research problem, the research tasks determine different approaches to solving the general research problem.

3.4. Putting forward scientific research hypotheses

A hypothesis is the main tool that organizes the entire research process and subordinates it to internal logic. A hypothesis is well-grounded scientific assumptions about the structure of the object under study, about the nature of connections between the studied phenomena, facts, processes, and about possible approaches to solving the problem. The hypothesis sets the direction for the entire study. A hypothesis should be formulated concisely and unambiguously, avoid double interpretation, not contain statements that contradict already proven positions and facts, it should be clear and verifiable.

Working hypotheses are essentially conjectural answers to the questions posed in the problems. We can say that the entire research process consists of a continuous formulation and verification of various assumptions: from the central hypothesis of the entire study, its consequences, secondary hypotheses formulated in the event of rejection of erroneous ones, to the formulation of particular hypotheses that play an "instrumental-service role". The bachelor's attention should be focused, first of all, on the development of a central hypothesis that guides the entire work and the verified consequences arising from its content.

It is not so easy to formulate hypotheses, since it is necessary to conduct a preliminary systemic analysis of the object and subject of research before the study, to link all the hypotheses put forward into a system of evidence for the alleged explanation of the existence of a problem situation.

4. WRITING OF THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION PAPER AND ACCUMULATION OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION

The bachelor draws up a work plan for the final qualifying work in consultation with the supervisor. In the initial version of the plan, it is necessary to provide the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work. When drawing up the initial version of the plan of the final qualifying work, the content of three chapters should be determined and given the appropriate titles; to formulate tasks and prepare the corresponding titles of paragraphs to be solved. The initial version of the WRC plan should be drawn up within a week.

Changes in the work plan may be associated with some adjustment of the direction of work, the need for which may arise after acquaintance with the problem under study, or with the fact that for a number of issues highlighted in independent paragraphs, there may not be enough material, or, conversely, may new data of theoretical and practical interest will appear. All changes in the plan of the final qualifying work must be agreed with the supervisor. The final version of the plan of the final qualifying work is approved by the scientific advisor, the head of the department and the dean.

4.2. Selection, analysis and generalization of material

Selection and familiarization with the literature and other sources of scientific information on the selected topic. The selection of literature should begin immediately after the selection of the topic of the final qualifying work. When selecting literature, one should refer to subject-thematic catalogs and bibliographic directories of both the MSIU library and the State Public Scientific and Technical Library, as well as use the Internet system.

When studying the literature, it is advisable to observe the following recommendations:

· You should start with a search for literature that reveals the theoretical aspects of the issue under study - monographs and journal articles, then use the guidance materials (guidance materials are used only in the latest editions);

· It is necessary to outline and organize the sources. The nature of the abstracts is determined by the possibility of using this material in the work - extracts, quotations, a summary of the content of a literary source or a characteristic of factual material; the systematization of the information received should be carried out according to the main chapters of the final qualifying work, provided for by the plan;

· Try to select only the literature that is directly related to the topic of work; the criterion for evaluating what has been read is the possibility of its practical use in the final qualifying work;

· Use new editions for the relevant issue.

· Use quotations in order to convey the idea of \u200b\u200bthe author of a scientific work or other publications without distortion, to identify views when comparing different points of view, to create a system of convincing evidence necessary for an objective description of the issue under study; quotes can also be used to confirm individual provisions of the work; in all cases, the number of citations used should be determined by the needs of the disclosure of the topic.

4.3. Selection of factual material

The collection of factual material is one of the most crucial stages in the preparation of the final qualifying work. The timely and high-quality writing of the work largely depends on how correctly and fully the factual material is collected. Therefore, before proceeding with the collection of material, the bachelor, together with the supervisor, must think over what kind of factual material is needed for the final qualifying work and draw up, if possible, a special plan for its collection.

After the literature selected on the topic has been studied and systematized, as well as factual material has been collected and processed, some changes are possible in the original version of the plan of the final qualifying work.

4.4. Requirements for the presentation of the final qualifying work

The presentation of the material in the final qualifying work should be consistent and logical. All sections must be linked. Particular attention should be paid to logical transitions from one chapter to another, from paragraph to paragraph, and within a paragraph - from question to question.

The preparation of the text of the final qualifying work should begin with the introduction and the first chapter, sequentially working through all the paragraphs included in the plan. The presentation of the material in the final qualifying work should be specific and based on the results of scientific analysis, while it is important not just a description, but a critical analysis of the data obtained.

Introduction is a significant part of the final qualifying work. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the chosen topic, the goal and content of the task, formulates the object and subject of research, indicates the selected research methods, determines the significance of the results obtained.

A literature review should show the bachelor's acquaintance with special literature, his ability to systematize sources, critically examine them, highlight the essential, evaluate what was previously done by other researchers, and determine the main thing in the current state of study of the topic. The materials of such a review should be systematized in a certain logical sequence. A review of the work of predecessors should be done only on the issues of the chosen topic, and not on the whole problem as a whole. The literature review does not need to state everything that the bachelor has learned from what he read and is only indirectly related to his work. But publications that are directly related to the topic of the final qualifying work should be named and critically evaluated.

Consideration of the controversial issues of the topic in the final qualifying work, it is necessary to cite the opinions of various authors. If the point of view of an author is critically examined in the work, quotations should be cited when presenting his thoughts, only under this condition the criticism can be objective. Comparison of models, methods and recommendations contained in published materials and works of various authors is obligatory, if there are different approaches to solving the problem under study.

The preparation of the second chapter of the final qualifying work involves a description of methods for collecting the necessary material - primary information and its processing (observation, comparison, measurement, experiment, analysis and synthesis, modeling, etc.).

Certain provisions of the final qualifying work should be illustrated with digital data from reference books, monographs and other literary sources, if necessary, drawn up in reference or analytical tables and figures. When compiling analytical tables and figures, the initial data used are placed in an appendix to the final qualifying work, and the text contains calculations of individual indicators. The table should be no more than one page. If the analytical table exceeds one page in size, it should be included in the appendix. In some cases, you can borrow some tables from literary sources. It is necessary to refer to the table in the place of the text where the position is formulated, confirmed or illustrated by it. In the text analyzing or commenting on the table, one should not retell its content, but it is appropriate to formulate the main conclusion to which the tabular data are drawn, or to introduce additional data that more clearly characterize this or that phenomenon or its individual aspects.

All materials that are not necessary for solving the problem posed in the work are also included in the appendix.

The revised chapters are finalized in accordance with the comments received from the supervisor, after which they begin to formalize the work.

4.5. Techniques for presenting scientific materials

Bachelors can use the following techniques: 1) strictly sequential, 2) holistic (with subsequent processing of each chapter), 3) selective (chapters are written separately in any order).

Strictly consistent presentation the material of the work requires a relatively long time, since until its author has not completely finished the next section, he cannot proceed to the next. But to process one section, it is sometimes necessary to use several options until the best one is found. At this time, the material, which requires almost no roughing, waits in line and lies motionless.

Holistic reception requires almost half the time to prepare a "white paper" manuscript, since at first the entire work is written in rough, as if with rough strokes, then it is processed in parts and details, while additions and corrections are made. Selective presentation of materials is also often used by job seekers. As soon as the evidence is ready, the author processes the materials in any order convenient for him, just as an artist paints a picture not necessarily from the top or bottom. Choose the method of presentation that you consider most acceptable for turning the so-called draft manuscript into an intermediate one or into a blank (final) one.

At this stage of work on the manuscript from the already accumulated text material, in addition to individual chapters, it is desirable to highlight the following compositional elements of the work:

a) introduction,

b) conclusions and proposals for each chapter, conclusion,

c) bibliographic list of used literary sources,

d) applications.

Before proceeding to the finalization of the draft manuscript, it is useful to discuss the main points of its content with your supervisor.

Work on the final version of the manuscript. This technique is useful when the draft manuscript layout is ready. All the necessary materials were collected, the necessary generalizations were made, which were approved by the scientific advisor. Now the final design of the text of the final qualifying work begins. Every conclusion, formula, table, every sentence, every single word is checked and critically evaluated.

The bachelor independently once again evaluates how the title of his work and the title of its chapters and paragraphs correspond to their content, specifies the table of contents of the work, the arrangement of materials, the formulation of scientific results and elements of scientific novelty. It is advisable to pay attention to the argumentation and validity of their scientific positions.

Substantiation of the conclusions and scientific results of the research is the most important part of the final qualifying work.

Scientific novelty of the final qualifying work - this is a feature, the presence of which gives the author the right to use the concept "for the first time" when characterizing the results he obtained and the research carried out as a whole.

The concept "for the first time" means in science the fact of the absence of such results before the publication of the results obtained by the author of one or another scientific development.

For the first time, research can be carried out on original topics that have not previously been studied in a particular branch of scientific knowledge. In such a situation, there are cases when the scientific novelty is absolute and does not tolerate objections - such a situation occurs when research is carried out for the first time in the world, in a country; relative - when the topic is new for branches of science or economy.

Assessment of the scientific novelty of the research means the identification of the primacy of the author in the definition and study of a particular topic of work.

To assess the scientific novelty of the study, it is possible to use some features. For a large number of sciences, it is essential that there are theoretical provisions, which were first formulated and substantively substantiated, methodological recommendations that have been introduced into practice and have a significant impact on the achievement of new socio-economic results. Only those provisions that contribute to further development science in general and its individual areas.

Many scientists refer to the signs of novelty as the identification, analysis and generalization of new phenomena, trends, patterns modern development certain branches of science and the availability of conclusions and recommendations that have scientific value and practical significance for various fields of activity.

The author has the right to claim novelty if his scientific developments contain: formulations and substantiation of concepts, categories and their individual elements, deepening understanding of the essence of socio-economic and political processes and phenomena, laws and patterns of development, mechanisms of interaction, organization of production and social relations; development of scientific methods.

No less significant in assessing the novelty are such signs as the development and substantiation of the concepts of economic and political development of society, its individual elements and organizational, economic and social structures, substantiation of new or improvement of the applied methods of ensuring the management of production and non-production areas of activity.

The focus of research on the development and improvement of methods of management, forecasting, planning, the formulation of economic and social development of society allows us to propose new non-standard solutions and mechanisms for their effective use. As a rule, new solutions are achieved during the development of methods and models for the optimization and development of economic, technical and social phenomena and processes in their detailed analysis, classification and modeling.

The work of a bachelor in finding new ways to solve socio-economic problems and problems, searching for new research methods in various fields of activity is important.

Elements of novelty should be present when improving existing methods of increasing the efficiency of economic, technical and socio-political development of the state.

The criteria for the scientific novelty of historical research can be the introduction into scientific circulation of new, previously unused scientific sources, the determination of the genesis of the development of a particular branch of scientific knowledge, the disclosure of the laws and main ways of development of a particular science.

The practical significance of the research results can be determined by the nature of their use and the degree of implementation in practice. Recognition of the practical value of a bachelor's development may coincide with the moment of their receipt and the date of defense.

Criteria can be applied to assess the scope and type of implementation of research results depending on the nature of the research problems. Research on problems can be roughly divided into three groups:

· Methodological;

· Methodical;

· Applied.

The group for the study of methodological problems can include works, the results of which are new theoretical provisions, principles, patterns of development of science, theoretical concepts of the functioning of a particular branch of scientific knowledge. The result of theoretical research can be the improvement of structures and mechanisms for the development of science and practice.

The technology for assessing the novelty of research involves comparing this research topic and the results obtained in the course of working on it with everything that has been researched and known earlier in a particular branch of scientific knowledge, country and world before its implementation.

There are two main ways to assess the scientific novelty of a research.

The first, the most common in the examination of scientific developments, consists in obtaining the average value of individual assessments of individual experts (possibly in points). It is effective with high competence, as a rule, of three independent experts involved in evaluating the scientific novelty of research. This method ensures the efficiency of obtaining the results of the examination.

The second method is based on the formalization and comparison of the keywords of the title of the final qualifying work and its main results with similar characteristics of all leading areas of scientific research carried out by other authors and entered into the information data bank. The effectiveness of this method of assessing scientific novelty consists in obtaining an assessment using computer technology, but it requires the transfer of all scientific information to computer media and the creation of an extensive computer network.

4.7.1. Abstracts of reports and speeches

One of the most common types of publication of the results of scientific research, reflected in the works, are abstracts of reports and speeches.

The concept "thesis" comes from the Greek word for position, statement. In dictionaries, the meaning of this concept is interpreted as follows: a thesis in a broad sense is any statement in a dispute or a statement of certain provisions of theories; in a narrow sense - a fundamental statement, principles.

Thus, abstracts of reports and speeches published in the press are a summary of ideas or thoughts. One or several ideas developed by the author can be presented in the theses.

The thesis should clearly and concisely, but meaningfully disclose the main provisions of the report, speeches at a scientific or scientific-practical conference, symposium. This is done so that the reader can present the main directions of the research carried out on the topic under study. When preparing abstracts, you should not get carried away with lengthy expressions and oversaturated abstracts with digital materials, graphs, tables. The main provisions of the study should be formulated logically.

4.7.2. Research Article

The most significant results of scientific research are usually reflected in scientific articles. In the article, from the content side, specific issues of the theoretical and applied work of the researcher can be revealed. The structure of the article can be as follows: relevance of the problem or question disclosed in the article; analysis of approaches or concepts of scientists relevant to solving this problem; a description of the experimental and theoretical work done by the author of the article; substantiation of the conclusions and practical recommendations made as a result of the study.

When starting to prepare a scientific article, you should take into account some rules for its design:

1. It is customary to write the title of the article in the center of the first sheet. The title should reflect the content of the material offered to the reader, for example: "Methodology for diagnosing the state of the labor market", "Simplified model of strategic planning of the enterprise", etc.

2. After the title of the article, the initials and surname of the author are written in the upper right corner of the sheet.

3. The article begins by substantiating the relevance of the topic for science and practice.

4. Further, the scientific contribution of scientists who were involved in the development of this problem is analyzed; substantiates the position of the author of the article in relation to the already available developments on the problem under study, which is expressed in agreement or disagreement with the position of the authors of previous studies; there is a clear reasoning for personal conclusions and proposals.

Finally, on the basis of the studied scientific positions and experimental work, the author of the article sets out his own vision of the problem being developed; substantiates the novelty of the author's scientific approach, concept, methodology obtained in the course of research work; reveals the patterns and tendencies of the studied process or phenomenon; gives an analysis of the data obtained during the experiment.

It should be noted that quotations in the article are used very rarely, only when it is impossible to do without them. The article allows the presentation of the idea of \u200b\u200bone or another author of a scientific development with an indication of his surname in brackets. And, as a rule, the article ends with conclusions, specific proposals and recommendations.

To assess the effectiveness of approbation and implementation of the obtained research results, the following criteria can be used:

· Performance at scientific and practical conferences and symposia
(it is necessary to present the program of the conference indicating the surname, name of the candidate, the topic of his speech);

· Participation of the applicant in the development of state and regional programs for the development of a particular sphere of social life;

· Use of research results in the preparation of drafts of new normative and methodological documents, laws and decrees of the legislative and executive authorities;

· Participation in research on the scientific substantiation of new and the development of existing systems of a particular type of activity, tested as a result of experimental work to improve economic, technical and social development;

· Participation in the preparation of normative and methodological documents that are approved or recommended for use by ministries, state committees, departments, associations or other interested organizations.

5. Organizational issues of defense of the final qualifying work

5.1. Preliminary defense of the final qualifying work

The WRC preliminary defense is a training abbreviated version of the defense. The WRC pre-defense can be organized in the following sequence:

· Bachelor's report on the results of the preparation of the WRC;

· Answers to questions on the content of the WRC;

· Presentation of the supervisor or announcement of the opinion of the supervisor;

· Registration of admission to the protection of WRC.

Bachelors who did not pass the pre-defense without a good reason are not allowed to the official defense of the FQP within the established time frame.

Before defending an FQP, the department is represented by:

· The bound text of the FQP, signed by the bachelor, scientific advisor, head. department, and the electronic version of the WRC;

· Signed opinion of the scientific adviser (invested in the FQP);

· Signed review for the WRC.

Successful passing of the WRC pre-defense ends with admission to the state exam and official defense.

5.2. Defense of the final qualifying work

The completed FQP, signed by the author and scientific supervisor, is submitted to the graduating department 10 days before the defense. At the same time, a written opinion of the scientific supervisor is presented, which notes the advantages and disadvantages of the FQP and gives a recommendation on admission to protection. Based on the materials submitted by the head. the department decides the issue of admitting the FQP to defense, making a corresponding entry on this on title page work. In case the head. the department does not consider it possible to admit the bachelor to the defense, this issue is considered at a meeting of the department with the participation of the bachelor and the supervisor.

FQP, admitted to the defense, is sent for review to a qualified specialist, approved by the decision of the department as an official reviewer. The review is given in writing. The bachelor has the right to familiarize himself with its content before defending the FQP. The review assesses all sections of the work, the degree of novelty and independence of the research, mastering a bachelor's degree in scientific analysis, the reasoning of conclusions, logic, style of presentation of the material, compliance of the work with the requirements of GOST. The review should contain a recommendatory assessment of the work.

The following must be prepared for defense: FQP, scientific advisor's opinion, review, certificate of the student's curriculum implementation and grades received while studying at the bachelor's degree. Within 10 minutes the bachelor expounds the main provisions of the WRC, then answers the questions of the chairman and members of the SAC.

The decision to defend is made by an open vote of the SAC members by a simple majority of votes. The results of the defense are announced on the same day after the registration of the minutes of the SAC meeting. After defense, the FQP is stored in the university, the author has the right to make a copy of it.

Criteria for evaluation.

SJSC may use the following evaluation criteria:

1. Relevance of the topic:

· Relevant;

· The degree of relevance is difficult to determine;

· Not relevant.

2. Availability of scientific results:

· Received new theoretical and practical results;

· Developed and performed an original experiment;

· There is a new approach to solving a known problem;

· There are elements of novelty;

· There is nothing new.

3. The practical significance of the scientific results of the work:

· The results can be used in the educational process;

· The results can be used in research work;

· Do not deserve attention.

4. The reliability of the results.

5. The level of research development:

· All tasks are solved in full and in detail with the implementation of all the necessary elements of the study;

· Insufficient level of research elaboration;

· Research cannot be considered satisfactory.

6. Defense of the final qualifying work.

Protection order:

1. A report in which the bachelor reveals the content of his research and reports on the scientific results and practical significance in the following order:

a) the topic of the final work, its rationale, object of research, sources, purpose, objectives and research methods;

b) the structure of the final qualifying work, the content of the main sections, conclusions by chapter, scientific results, provisions submitted for defense;

c) theoretical and practical significance of the results obtained and the area of \u200b\u200btheir possible application;

d) an overview of the prospects for further study of the problem posed in the work; the presence of unresolved discussion issues that require further research (total - 10 minutes).

2. Review of the supervisor, containing a brief description of the final work and its results, as well as an assessment ("excellent", "good", "satisfactory") (5 minutes).

3. If there are questions and comments in the review - the bachelor's answers (within 3 minutes).

4. Reviewer (opponent's) review, containing a detailed description of the final work, indicating its advantages and disadvantages, as well as a mark ("excellent", "good", "satisfactory").

5. Student responses to the reviewer's comments (5 minutes).

6. Questions of the chairman and members of the SAC on the content of the protected work (answers - 2-3 minutes each).

After the defense of the works planned for a certain day, in the absence of bachelors, the members of the final examination committee confer (in the presence of scientific advisers and reviewers), agree on the grades and give an average grade. At the end of the meeting, bachelors are invited to announce their grades for the defense of final qualifying works.

The results of the defense of the work of each student are recorded in the protocol approved by the signatures of the chairman of the final examination committee and the vice-rector for academic affairs. The texts of the final qualifying works (with the opinion of the supervisor and the review of the opponent) are registered in a special book, numbered and deposited in the archive for storage.

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How to write the introduction of the thesis correctly

So let's get started.

Introduction of thesis

Introduction is a very important part part of the diploma and term paper. The introduction reveals the rationale for the need to study the problem selected by the student and presents a scheme for conducting a diploma or course study.

The introduction of a thesis, as a rule, takes 3-5 pages of printed text. The introduction of the term paper should be 2-3 pages of printed text.

The introduction can be conditionally divided into several parts:

I The relevance of the thesis (course) work; the degree of development of the research topic; Problems.

II Object and subject of research.

III Purpose and objectives (they reveal the way to achieve the goal).

IV Hypothesis.

V Methods used in writing a thesis (course) work.

Vi.

VII Brief description of the structure.

I Relevance in the introduction of the thesis

Relevance of the topic of the thesis (course) work characterizes its modernity, vitality, urgency, importance, significance. In other words, this is the argumentation of the need to study the topic of the thesis, the disclosure of the real need for its study and the need to develop practical recommendations.

The relevance of the thesis should not take more than 1.5 pages introduction of thesis (from practical experience, we will say that too detailed relevance tires the directors of thesis and they will cut it down for you anyway).

The relevance of a term paper usually takes a little less than a page of printed text.

The following words must be present: relevance and practical aspect of these problems are related to…. or the relevance of the thesis is (or manifests itself) in the following…. or issues concerning so and so are very relevant... Or just " The relevance of the thesis "and then start with a new sentence.

After describing the relevance of the topic, you can write: the relevance of the topic of the thesis is associated with the significant spread of the phenomenon under study and lies in the need to develop recommendations for improving work in the area under consideration.

If you can't describe the relevance in your own words? You don't need to do this. Then how to determine the relevance of the chosen topic?

Practical advice!

1. Search the Internet for coursework, diplomas on your topic and look at them for introductions. Compare, select all the most important in a separate document Word "Introduction".
2. Pick up a few books (which touch on your chosen topic). At the very beginning of chapters, the importance and relevance of what is written below is always described. This will be your relevance.

II Object and subject of research in the introduction of the thesis

Research object of the thesis is a certain area of \u200b\u200breality, a social phenomenon that exists independently of the researcher.

Subject of study - these are features, properties or aspects of an object that are significant from a theoretical or practical point of view. The subject of research shows through what the object will be cognized. In each object of research, there are several subjects of research and focusing on one of them means that other subjects of research of this object simply remain aloof from the interests of the researcher.

A VERY SIMPLE EXAMPLE: the subject of research is a person, the subject of research is the skin. This object has many subjects of study, such as the lymphatic, circulatory system, gastrointestinal tract, etc. But for the researcher, only the skin matters; this is the subject of his direct research.

So, for example, in the field of humanities, the object of research is the sphere of social relations (institutional education), within which the research will be conducted. The object reflects the problem in one or another social relationship.

Subject in thesis - This is an element of social life, with a relative autonomy of existence. The object reflects the problem situation, considers the subject in all its interconnections. An object is always wider than its subject. If the object is a field of activity, then the subject is the studied process within the framework of the thesis object. The subject in the introduction to the thesis is indicated after the definition of the object.

Example # 1

The object of the thesis (course) work are the legal relations arising in the process of conducting tax audits.

The subject of the thesis (course) work is the current legislation Russian Federationregulating relations on conducting tax audits, as well as scientific publications that touch upon these issues, judicial practice.

Example No. 2

The research object is small and medium-sized businesses.

Economic relations arising in the planning and organization of small and medium-sized businesses.

Example No. 3

Sibavtotrans LLC motor transport enterprise, the main activity of which is the provision of services for the transport of passenger and freight transport.

The subject of research is economic relations arising in the process of accounting, analysis of the financial results of the enterprise.

Example No. 4

The research object is modesty as a systemic personality trait.

The subject of research is ethnopsychological features of the modesty of students from Russia, USA, England, Germany.

Example No. 5

Object of study - children 12 years of age.

Subject of study - behavioral features of 12-year-old children.

III Purpose and objectives in the introduction of the thesis (course) work

Purpose of thesis or course work shows what the student wants to achieve in his research activities, the goal shows what the final result needs to be achieved in the thesis.

Example!

The purpose thesis (course) work is the consideration of the legal regulation of tax audits, the identification of urgent problems arising during tax audits, as well as the search for ways to improve the mechanism for conducting tax audits.

Tasks reveal the path to achieving the goal. Each task, as a rule, is devoted to a chapter (or paragraph) of the diploma or course work. Tasks can be introduced with the words:

Reveal;

To uncover;

Explore;

To develop;

Explore;

Analyze;

Systematize;

Refine, etc.

The number of tasks should be 4-5. The tasks must be reflected in the conclusion, conclusions and recommendations.

Example!

The objectives of the thesis (course) work in connection with this goal are:

1. to consider the division of contracts into agreements (transactions) and contractual obligations;

2. investigate typical and mixed contracts;

3. to disclose the features of contracts in favor of their participants and contracts in favor of third parties;

4. consider organizational and property contracts;

5. investigate public contracts and contracts of accession;

6. identify other types of civil contracts.

You can start like this: “To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: 1., 2., 3., etc.

IV Hypotheses and in the introduction of the thesis

Thesis hypothesis (term paper) represents the expected result that the student plans to achieve as a result of writing a thesis.

An assumption (hypothesis) can be made in the following words:

- "it is possible if"

- "will be carried out efficiently if available (provided)"

- "the creation will provide."

V Research methods of thesis

Research methods are ways, methods of knowing an object. At any thesis and term paper the method of analysis of literature, analysis of regulatory documents on the topic of thesis is used, as well as analysis of documents, archives, etc.

In your thesis and term paper, you can write the following methods used:

Literature analysis;

Analysis of regulatory documents on the topic of thesis;

Study and generalization of domestic and foreign practice;

Comparison;

Interviewing;

Modeling;

Synthesis;

Theoretical analysis and synthesis,

Abstraction,

Concretization and idealization,

Induction and deduction,

Analogy,

Classification,

Generalization,

Historical method,

Special legal and comparative legal (if you are writing a law degree).

VI Scientific novelty and practical significance of the problem under study

Scientific novelty of the thesis is formulated depending on the nature and essence of the chosen topic of the diploma. Scientific novelty is formulated differently for theoretical and practical diplomas.

So, in the first case, it is determined by what is new in the theory and methodology of the subject under study, and in the second, it is determined by the result that was obtained for the first time, confirmed or updated, or develops and clarifies the previously established scientific ideas about the subject under study and practical achievements.

The practical significance depends on the novelty of the diploma and makes it necessary to write it. In other words, determining practical relevance means determining the results that need to be achieved. This is a very important element of the introduction to thesis.

When writing a term paper, scientific novelty is not always indicated.

Vii Brief description of the structure

In conclusion of the section "introduction" it is necessary to describe the structure of the thesis. It's very simple, let's show with examples:

1. “The introduction reveals the relevance, determines the degree of scientific development of the topic, object, subject, purpose, objectives and research methods, reveals the theoretical and practical significance of the work.

The first chapter examines the general classifications of civil contracts.

The second chapter is devoted to the division of contracts into separate types.

In the conclusion, the results of the research are summed up, the final conclusions on the topic under consideration are formed. "

2. The structure of the work is determined by the subject, purpose and objectives of the study. The work consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion.
The introduction reveals the relevance, determines the degree of scientific development of the topic, object, subject, purpose, objectives and research methods, reveals the theoretical and practical significance of the work.

The first chapter examines the concept and types of securities and corporate equity securities. The second chapter reveals the features of corporate equity securities as objects of civil transactions. The third chapter is devoted to the issues of legal regulation of the issue of corporate securities.

In the conclusion, the results of the study are summed up, the final conclusions on the topic under consideration are formed.

TIP! It is more convenient to compose the introduction after writing the main part of the thesis. The fact is that as it is written, an introduction is also drawn up (relevance, novelty, etc.).

Some scientific advisers require to indicate the research problem in the introduction to the thesis. If you need to identify a problem, read: "

You will learn how to correctly draw up footnotes in term paper and in a diploma from the article "How to make footnotes correctly in term papers and diploma papers"

If you have or have any difficulties with writing a thesis, you can entrust the writing of a thesis to order to the specialists of our portal working on the Pishem24.ru Exchange

The explanatory note (text part) of the FQP is provided to the department of vocational training, technology and design in a typewritten copy made on A4 sheets (210 x 297 mm) and filed into a folder with a hard cover.

The text is presented in Times New Roman font, size 14, spacing 1.5 on one side of the sheet and is limited by margins: left - 30 mm, right - 15 mm, top and bottom - 20 mm.

The length of the explanatory note, including the introduction, the main part and the conclusion, should be 50-80 pages of typewritten text (90-110 thousand characters, not counting tables, bibliography and applications).

When designing headings, the following requirements should be taken into account:

the headings of all sections of the work (introduction, main part, conclusion, list of sources used, appendix) begin on a new sheet;

paragraph headings begin on the same sheet where the previous paragraph ends, with one line spacing added;

section headings are made symmetrically to the text in capital letters and are separated from the main text at the bottom by two intervals. Word hyphenation in headings should be excluded and no full stop should be put at the end.

the page containing the title of a section or subsection must have at least two lines of subsequent text.

When numbering pages, sections and paragraphs, consider the following:

all pages of the work, except for the title page, must be numbered. The title page is included in the general numbering, but the number "1" is not put on it. The next page is a task, it is not numbered and is not included in the general numbering. On the next page - "Contents" the number "2" is put down;

the number is placed at the bottom in the center of the page;

sections, subsections, clauses and subclauses should be numbered in Arabic numerals and recorded with paragraph indentation.

Sections should be sequentially numbered throughout the entire text, with the exception of annexes.

Example - 1, 2, 3, etc.

The subsection or clause number includes the section number and the subsection or clause ordinal number, separated by a dot.

Example - 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.

The subclause number includes the number of the section, subsection, clause and the ordinal number of the subclause, separated by a dot.

Example - 1.1.1.1, 1.1.1.2, 1.1.1.3, etc.

After the number of the section, subsection, paragraph and subparagraph in the text do not put a full stop.

Illustrations(drawings, graphs, diagrams, computer printouts, diagrams, photographs) should be placed in the report immediately after the text in which they are mentioned for the first time, or on the next page. They can be computer-based, including colored ones. All illustrations should be referenced in the work. Illustrations, with the exception of illustrations for applications, should be numbered in Arabic numerals. end-to-end numbering... If there is only one picture, then it is designated "Picture 1". The word "picture" and its name are placed in the middle of the line. It is allowed to number illustrations within the section. In this case, its number consists of the section number and the serial number of the illustration, separated by a period. For example, "Figure 1.1".

The illustrations, if necessary, can have a name and explanatory data (figure text). The word "Picture" and the name are placed after the explanatory data and arranged as follows: Figure 1 - Image of the object. An example of designation is Appendix I.

The illustrations of each application are denoted by separate numbering in Arabic numerals with the addition of the application designation before the number. For example, Figure A.3.

Tablesused for better clarity and ease of comparison of indicators. The name of the table, if any, should reflect its content, be precise and short. The table name should be placed above the table on the left, without indentation, in one line with its number separated by a dash.

When transferring part of the table, the title is placed only above the first part of the table, the lower horizontal line limiting the table is not drawn.

The table should be placed in the report immediately after the text in which it is mentioned for the first time, or on the next page. All tables should be referenced in the report. When referring, you should write the word "table" with an indication of its number. A table with a large number of lines can be transferred to another sheet (page). When transferring a part of a table to another sheet (page), the word "Table" and its number are indicated once on the right above the first part of the table, over the other parts they write the word "Continuation" and indicate the number of the table, for example: "Continuation of table 1". When transferring a table to another sheet (page), the heading is placed only above its first part (Appendix I).

Tables, with the exception of annex tables, should be numbered with Arabic numerals sequentially. It is allowed to number tables within a section. In this case, the table number consists of the section number and the table number, separated by a dot.

The tables of each annex are designated by separate numbering in Arabic numerals with the addition of an application designation before the number.

If there is one table in the document, then it should be designated "Table 1" or "Table B.1" if it is given in Appendix B.

The headings of the columns and rows of the table should be written with a capital letter in the singular, and the subheadings of the graph - with lowercase letterif they form one sentence with a heading, or with capital letterif they are of independent importance. At the end of the headings and subheadings of tables, periods are not put. Tables on the left, right, and bottom are usually delimited with lines. It is allowed to use a font size smaller in the table than in the text.

List of sources used compiled in alphabetical order. Information about sources should be arranged in the order of appearance of references to sources in the text of the WRC, numbered in Arabic in numbers without a dot and print with paragraph indentation.

The design of each source is made in accordance with the requirements for bibliographic descriptions.

Examples of bibliographic description:

description of the book, monograph, study guide:

Grashin, A. A. Methodology of design-engineering of elements of the subject environment: (design of unified and aggregated objects) [text]: textbook. manual for students of architecture. and a designer. specialties / A.A. Grashin - M.: Architecture-S, 2004 .-- 227 p.

Kruglikov, G. I. Methods of vocational training with a workshop [text]: tutorial for students of higher. study. institutions / Grigory Isaakovich Kruglikov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2005. - 228 p.

Leibovich A.N.The structure and content of the state standard vocational education [text] / A. N. Leibovich. - M., 1996. - 344 p.

description of the journal article:

Kurnosova, S.A. Information Support preparation of university students for the design of pedagogical design [text] / S. A. Kurnosova // Education and Science. 2010. No. 9.P. 68

description of abstracts in the collection of abstracts of the scientific conference:

Koksharova, O. A. Competence of participants in educational and pedagogical interaction in the formation of students' readiness for analytical activity [text] / O. A. Koksharova // Actual problems of professional pedagogical and technological education. Mat. scientific-practical conf. 17 nov. 2010 - Shadrinsk: Publishing house of OGUP "Shadrinsky House of Press", 2010. - pp. 241-247.

description of internet sources:

Art Pedagogy: electronic journal // Federal portal "Russian Education" http://www.art-education.ru/AE-magazine/

General requirements for bachelor's FQP:

Volume not less than 50 pages and not more than 90 pages;

List of sources used (the total number of literary sources should be 40–45 titles), among which there should be at least 50-60% of articles in academic journals.

The official publication of each source is not older than 5 years.

A mandatory requirement for a bachelor's FQP is a demonstration of the student's mastery of scientific knowledge on the chosen topic. Accordingly, it should contain a review of the scientific literature, highlight the main problems analyzed, and demonstrate knowledge of the main points of view and concepts on this topic.

In the FQP of a bachelor, the applicant must demonstrate mastery of standard research methods, calculation skills and the use of computer programs, the ability to generalize and analyze factual material using theoretical knowledge and practical skills.

FQP should include an analysis of a significant amount of scientific literature, demonstrate not only awareness, but also a certain independence of the author in the analysis of a theoretical problem, the ability to put forward some independent, scientifically grounded judgments, ideas on a selected topic, draw conclusions based on analysis of evidence.

The student's FQP must:

Differ in the depth of presentation, scientific approach and system analysis of the points of view existing in domestic and foreign science;

Include information gained from practice in the organization;

Show the student's ability to substantiate the relevance of the topic, creatively approach the chosen topic, use the methods of scientific research;

Meet all the requirements for the design of thesis.

Introduction - this is the introductory part of the WRC. In this small section, the author must show: the relevance of the topic, object, subject, goal, objectives, defended provisions, materials, research methods, novelty of results, theoretical and practical significance of the work.

1. Relevance of the research topic - the degree of its importance at the moment and in this situation for solving specific problems. When revealing the relevance of the research topic, it is necessary to show the main thing, based on two directions of its characteristics:

lack of study of the chosen topic (certain aspects of the topic have not been fully studied and the research is aimed at eliminating these gaps);

solving a specific practical problem based on the data obtained in the process of research.

Rationale for relevance requires answering the following questions:

Why is new scientific knowledge, which is supposed to be obtained as a result of research, necessary for practice?

What determined the choice of the topic?

Why is this topic interesting to you?

What is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe research?

What has been done by researchers before you, and what do you have to do?

The question (phenomenon) of research stands on the border of the known and the unknown. To pose a research question is to find this boundary. The problem arises when the old knowledge has shown its inconsistency, and the new has not yet taken an expanded form. Consequently, a scientific problem is a controversial situation that requires a solution. Justify the relevance - analyze, explain why this problem needs to be studied at the present time.

2. The object of research (what is being considered) is a process or phenomenon that gives a problem situation for study.

3. The subject of the research (how the object is considered, what new relations, properties, aspects, functions this research reveals).

Options for determining the subject and object of research:

The object and the subject of research are related to each other as a whole and a part, general and particular;

A subject is what is within the boundaries of an object;

The research subject determines the research topic.

The self-esteem of a younger student can be the object of research. In this case, the subject of research can be factors in the formation of his self-esteem.

The object of the research is demographic policy, then the subject of the research is the mechanisms of implementation of the demographic policy pursued by the executive power of the Leningrad Region.

4. Research objectives are what we want to get as a result of research. What result does the researcher intend to obtain, how does he see it? The purpose of the study can be associated either with the identification of any regularities, connections of the object, or with the development of guidelines for solving the research problem. The formulation of the goal is to briefly and meaningfully disclose the desired result, the sought solution to the problem.

For example: "The purpose of the final qualifying work is ..." or "The purpose of this work is to study (description, definition, establishment, research, development, disclosure, coverage, identification, analysis, generalization, etc.)

5. Research objectives (What needs to be done to achieve the goal?) Are those research activities that need to be performed to achieve the goal set in the work. By their very nature, tasks represent a detailed research goal with a focus on a hypothesis. The number of tasks can be dictated by chapters or main paragraphs of the work. Usually five to six tasks are formulated. The formulation of objectives is important because they determine the content of the work.

An example of formulating tasks: “To achieve the goal set in the final qualifying work, the following tasks were identified:

reveal ...

conduct…

develop ...

7. Materials and research methods - brief information on the amount of materials and a list of methods by which the research was carried out.

For example, theoretical methods (inductive, deductive), organizational methods (comparative, longitudinal, complex). Methods - these are ways of solving the empirical problems posed in the study. Empirical methods proper are methods of gathering facts. These include: observation, introspection, conversation, survey (interview, questionnaire), testing, experiment, etc.

8. Scientific novelty. For research work, scientific novelty can be subjective (determined in relation to the researcher), that is, the modeling of solutions to regularities known to science is extended to a new sample.

9. Theoretical and practical significance. Theoretical significance - the value of work in the field of fundamental knowledge. The practical significance lies in the possibility:

Decisions based on the results obtained for a particular practical problem;

Conducting further research;

Using the data obtained in the process of training certain specialists.

The volume of the introduction should not exceed 2-3 pages of machine text.

The main part of the WRC contains, as a rule, two (three) chapters, each of which is divided into paragraphs and subparagraphs.

FIRST CHAPTER - theoretical (literature review). Its content depends entirely on the chosen topic, and will include those questions and problems that are most directly related to it.

A chapter can contain several subchapters. The chapter briefly examines the history of the issue and the degree of its study, analyzes the current state of the problem under study. The content of the chapter should correspond to the topic of the research. The number of cited literary sources (domestic and foreign) should be sufficient to fully cover the issue. When describing the literature data, figures and tables with reference to the source can be used.

When searching for sources of scientific literature on a topic, it is necessary to use all types of publications. Search through catalogs, card indexes and bibliographic indexes of libraries, as well as search engines "The Internet".

SECOND CHAPTER - practical. Here, from an analytical point of view, a characteristic is given of the object of research, on the materials of which the work is carried out, and a deep analysis of the problem under study is carried out using various research methods.

The results of research and observations carried out directly by the performer are presented. Statistically processed data can be presented in the form of tables and figures (diagrams, graphs, diagrams, photographs, etc.). In this section, the results of our own research are analyzed and commented on. Based on the analysis, patterns are revealed.

A comparison of the results obtained with the data of other researchers studied from literary sources is given, as well as the revealed patterns are explained on the basis of their own views and literary sources.

In this section, it is advisable to summarize the research, including the theoretical and practical parts, as well as reflect the prospects for further research.

THIRD CHAPTER - practical. In the third chapter of the work, on the basis of the processed practical material, concrete ways of solving the problem are proposed, the effectiveness of the proposed measures and the financial consequences of their practical implementation are substantiated.

The third chapter should address the following issues:

2. Development of an algorithm or methodology for solving the problem;

3. Assessment of the quality (effectiveness) of the implementation of the proposed measures.

In the first section of the 3rd chapter, recommendations and proposals for improving the activities of the research object are developed, based on the rationale and conclusions of the first and second chapters of the WRC and on the statement of the research problem.

The third chapter ends with an economic assessment of proposals. The student must justify the proposed solutions in terms of financial and economic significance.

At the conclusion of the WRC the student must sum up the study of the topic, reasonably state his views on the main issues discussed in the work, draw conclusions.

Conclusions are formulated on the basis of the tasks set and briefly reflect the most important results of the work.

The conclusion should not contain new information, facts, arguments, etc., its conclusions should logically follow from the main text of the work.

The conclusion should reflect the significance of the work, confirm its relevance in modern conditions.

List of sources used is a list of all information sources used in the work. Information about the sources included in the list must be given in the original language.

The WRC must have applications. As a rule, based on materials of an auxiliary nature that were used by the author in the process of developing a theme. Such materials include:

Various provisions, instructions, copies of documents; on the basis of which the WRC was performed

Diagrams, graphs, diagrams, tables that are inappropriate to place in the text, since they are of an applied or illustrative nature;

Techniques, diagnostics, which were used by the author of the WRC in the research process

Illustrative material, including examples that are referenced in the text.

Appendices are drawn up on the last pages of the work and are included in its scope.

Each appendix should start with a new sheet and have a thematic title and designation.

Applications, as a rule, are performed on A4 sheets.

1.5 General requirements for the style of presentation

WRC is scientific work... Therefore, it must meet the requirements of this genre and be written in the style of a scientific text.

For a scientific text, a formal-logical way of presentation is characteristic, subordinating to itself all the linguistic means used by the author. A presentation of this kind should be holistic and united by a single logical connection, since it pursues a single goal - to substantiate and prove a number of theoretical propositions.

Everything in it is aimed at solving the tasks and achieving the ultimate goal, which are clearly spelled out in the introduction. In a scientific text, everything that does not directly work for the realization of the goal is superfluous and unnecessary: \u200b\u200bthe expression of emotions, artistic beauty and rhetoric.

When writing an FQP, you should use a conceptual apparatus, that is, an established system of terms, the meaning and meaning of which should not be vague for you, but clear and clear.

Scientific speech involves the use of certain phraseological phrases, linking words, introductory words, the purpose of which is to show the logical relationship of this part of the presentation with the previous and next, or to emphasize the rubrication of the text.

For instance:

Introductory words and phrases, for example “so”, “in this way”, show that this part of the text serves as a generalization of the above;

The words and phrases “therefore”, “from this it follows that ...” indicate that there are causal relationships between what was said above and what will be said now;

Words and phrases “in the beginning”, “first”, “second”, “first of all”, “finally”, “at the conclusion of what was said” indicate the place of the stated thought or fact in the logical structure of the text;

The words and phrases “however,” “nevertheless,” “however,” “meanwhile," express the existence of a contradiction between what has just been said and what will now be said;

The phrases “let's consider in more detail ...” or “let's move on to ...” help a clearer rubrication of the text, since they emphasize the transition to a new, not highlighted section of the presentation.

The syntax of a scientific text is distinguished by an abundance complex sentences... It is complex, especially complex sentences that are able to adequately convey the logical mechanisms of scientific argumentation and cause-and-effect relationships that occupy the most important place in a scientific text. An indicator of the culture of scientific speech and the professionalism of the researcher is the high percentage of complex and complex sentences in the text. A continuous stream of simple sentences gives the impression of primitiveness and semantic poverty of presentation.

The traditionally established form of presentation of a scientific text presupposes the maximum detachment from the presentation of the author's personality with his subjective preferences, individual characteristics of speech and style, emotional assessments. This effect of detachment, impersonal monologue is achieved by a number of syntactic and stylistic means, for example, “Several new principles identified”, third-person narration, etc.

In addition, a feature of the modern scientific text is the almost complete exclusion from the use of the personal pronoun of the first person singular - "I". Where the author needs to identify himself in the first person, the plural pronoun “we” is used. Structures are formed “We believe”, “it seems to us”, “in our opinion”. However, the text should not be overwhelmed with the word "we". For stylistic diversity, it is worth resorting to other constructions that provide the proper level of impersonal text.

In the process of preparing an FQP, as an example, it is possible to recommend using the following functional-syntactic and special lexical means:

Means indicating the sequence of presentation: "first", "first of all", "then", "first" (second, etc.); "Afterwards", "after";

Means indicating the opposition of individual theses of presentation: "however", "at the same time", "meanwhile", "while", "nevertheless",

Means indicating the existence of a cause-and-effect relationship: "therefore", "therefore", "because", "thanks", "in accordance with", "due to";

Means reflecting the transition of presentation from one thought to another: “before”, “turn to”, “consider how”, “dwell on”, “emphasize the following”;

Means summarizing the presentation or part of the presentation: "so", "in this way", "means", "in conclusion, we note", "on the basis of what has been said," "therefore."

In addition, in some cases, pronouns, adjectives and participles, such as "given", "this", "these", "such", "named", "mentioned", "indicated", can act as the means under consideration.

A few words about general stylistic "prohibitions" that must be kept in mind when preparing texts for written works. In the content of a written work, as a rule, it is not allowed to use:

Colloquial speech, arbitrary word formation, including professionalism;

Various scientific terms that are similar in meaning to denote the same concept;

Unit abbreviations physical quantities - when used without numbers (except for units of physical quantities in the heads and sides of tables and in the decoding of letter symbols included in the formulas).

In the final qualifying work, the unity of the presentation style must be observed, spelling, syntactic and stylistic literacy must be ensured in accordance with the norms of the modern Russian language.

CHAPTER 2. Requirements for FQP registration

2.1 General requirements

FQP is drawn up in accordance with GOST R 7.0.5-2008 (Bibliographic link); GOST 7.32-2001 as amended. Changes No. 1 dated 01.12.2005, IMS No. 12, 2005 (Report on research work); GOST 7.1.-2003 (Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules for drawing up).

The text should be printed observing the following margin sizes: right - 10 mm, top and bottom - 25 mm, left - 30 mm.

Font - 14, type Times New Roman.

Line spacing is one and a half.

Paragraph - 1.25 cm.

All pages are numbered sequentially. The numbering should be continuous from the title page to last page, including all illustrations, tables, etc. both within the text and in the appendix.

Pages should be numbered in Arabic numerals, observing continuous numbering throughout the text. The page number is placed in the center of the bottom of the sheet without a dot.

The title page is included in the general page numbering. There is no page number on the title page. The page number "2" is put on the sheet "content".

Text alignment - in width.

Word hyphenation is not allowed.

The font color of the main text of the WRC is black.

1. Introduction 8-10%

2. Chapter 1 30-40%

3. Chapter 2 30-40%

4. Conclusion 6-10%.

The text of the FQP should be carefully checked by the student, who is fully responsible for typographical errors and errors. Work with a large number of typos is not allowed for protection.

The total volume of work should not be less than 50 pages (excluding attachments) including a list of sources used.

Each section of the work (introduction, chapters, conclusion) should be started on a new sheet (page), and subsections ("paragraphs") should be placed one after another close to each other and separated by two free lines.

The statistical data presented in the work should be presented in the form of tables, graphs, diagrams.

When using quotations and statistics cited in the text, at the end of the quotation subscript is made or in brackets the ordinal number of the source is indicated according to the list of references and through a dot the page number, for example,.

The work is carried out on sheets of A4 format, numbered and bound.

2.2 Selection of headings of sections and subsections and their placement

Body headings should be placed in the middle of a line without a period at the end, and typed in capital letters with paragraph indentation.

Example: Chapter 1. GENERAL PART

If headings contain several sentences, separate them with periods. The title of each new part and paragraph in the text of the work should be highlighted in bold.

Subsections should be numbered within each section. A subsection number consists of section and subsection numbers, separated by a dot. A full stop is not put at the end of the subsection number. Sections, like subsections, can consist of one or more items.

Example: Chapter 1. GENERAL PART

1.1 General requirements

Subsections within a section are two spacing after the end of the previous subsection on the same page if there is room for text on it. The presence of text outside of sections and subsections is not allowed, placement on different pages subsection heading and its text. Therefore, after the section heading, the name of the subsection is printed in two intervals, and then, after 1.5 intervals, the text of the subsection.

The headings of subsections and paragraphs should be typed with an uppercase (capital) letter without a period at the end, without underlining. If the title is 2 or more lines, then the spacing will be 1.5.

Chapter 1 GENERAL PART

1.1 General requirements

The names of individual components of the WRC are not numbered: content, introduction, conclusion and list of sources used.

2.3 Design and numbering of illustrations, tables and formulas

All tables, formulas and diagrams included in the work should be drawn up clearly and accurately, provided with headings, numbered with Arabic numerals.

Illustrative material contained in the WRC can be represented by drawings, graphs, diagrams, figures, photographs, etc. Illustrations of any kind are called drawings.

All figures in the text should be referenced. Figures should be placed immediately after the text in which they are mentioned for the first time, or on the next page. Illustrations, with the exception of the illustrations in the appendix, should be numbered with Arabic numerals sequentially. The figure caption is located below it in the middle of the line. The word "Picture" is written in full and its name is placed in the middle of the line under the illustration. There is no period at the end of the name.

The illustrations, if necessary, can have a name and explanatory data (figure text). The word "Figure" and the name are placed after the explanatory data and positioned as follows: Figure 1 - Details of the device

Figure 1 - Distribution of foreign investments by groups of regions, in%

The test should not contain illustrations in the form of diagrams, figures, tables, without links to them.

For clarity of presentation of the material, numerical values \u200b\u200bare recommended to be placed in tables. The title of the table should reflect its content, be precise and concise.

The table name should be placed above the table on the left, without indentation, in one line with its number separated by a dash.

All tables are numbered. Tables, with the exception of annex tables, should be numbered with Arabic numerals sequentially.

It is allowed to number tables within a section. In this case, the table number consists of the section number and the sequence number of the table, separated by a dot, for example, Table 1.1. The table should be placed immediately after the text in which it is mentioned for the first time, or on the next page.

The table is bounced off the text by an empty line above and below. The table must be necessarily aligned to the center of the page.

Table 1 - Number of resident population (thousand people)

Continuation of table 1

It is allowed to use a font size smaller in the table than in the text. The font of the text in the table is 12, type Times New Roman. Interval - 1.0

The headings of the columns and rows of the table should be written with a capital letter in the singular, and the subheadings of the columns with a lowercase letter, if they form one sentence with a heading, or if they have an independent meaning. At the end of the headings and subheadings of tables, periods are not put.

Graph headers are written parallel to the table rows.

Table 1 - Number of students (people)

Entering empty columns and lines into the table is not allowed. If there is no data in any row of the table, then a dash (dash) is put in it.

The numbers in the tables are arranged so that the classes of numbers in all columns are located exactly one below the other: units under units, tens under tens, etc. In one column, the same number of decimal places must be observed for all values \u200b\u200bof quantities.

It is allowed to transfer the table to another page, observing the numbering of the columns and indicating "Continuation of Table 1" above.

Tables on the left, right, and bottom are usually delimited with lines.

Additional explanations to the table, if necessary, are drawn up in the form of a footnote. The footnote sign is placed immediately after the word, number, symbol, sentence to which the explanation is given. The footnote sign is performed in superscript Arabic numerals with a parenthesis. It is allowed to use asterisks instead of numbers "<*>". It is not allowed to use more than three stars on the page.

The footnote is placed at the end of the page with paragraph indentation, separated from the text by a short horizontal line to the left. A footnote to the table is placed at the end of the table above the line indicating the end of the table.

Equations and formulas should be separated from the text on a separate line. Above and below each formula or equation must be left at least one free line. If the equation does not fit on one line, then it must be wrapped after the equal sign (\u003d) or after the plus (+), minus (-), multiplication (x), division (:) or other mathematical signs, and the sign at the beginning next line is repeated. When transferring a formula on a sign symbolizing a multiplication operation, use the sign "X".

Formulas should be numbered by ordinal numbering in Arabic numerals in parentheses in the rightmost position on the line.

Numbering of formulas within the section is allowed. In this case, the formula number consists of the section number and the ordinal number of the formula, separated by a dot, for example (3.1).

The order of presentation in the report of mathematical equations is the same as for formulas.

The values \u200b\u200bof the symbols and numerical coefficients included in the formula should be shown directly below the formula. The meaning of each character is given on a new line in the order in which they are given in the formula. The first line of the decryption must begin with the word "where" without a colon after it.

Break-even point calculation

TB \u003d Sc / (P - Sv), (1)

where TB is the critical production volume;

Sc is the amount of fixed costs;

P - price per unit of services of LLC "XXX";

Sv is the sum of variable costs per service unit.

Registration of transfers

In the text of the WRC, it is often necessary to provide information in the form of transfers or lists. Similarly generated data may be present in the clauses and subclauses of the WRC. Lists are subdivided into: bulleted, numbered and alphabetic.

Bulleted lists

For bulleted lists, which include large chunks of text that consist of more than one sentence, it is customary to start with capital letter, and at the end of the text fragment put a period.

If the fragments of the enumeration are small, single-line, then they begin with a small letter, and end with a semicolon. For fragments of lists that do not have punctuation marks inside them, containing one word or word and its definition, it is allowed to separate the list items with commas.

Bullet list examples:

· Bachelor's work; - bachelor's work;

· thesis... - thesis.

Numbered Lists

For numbered lists containing large text fragments, it is common to use Arabic numerals with a period after them. After this point, the text must start with a capital letter and end with a period. If the fragments of the enumeration are small, then they are numbered in order, using Arabic numerals with a parenthesis after them. In this case, the text must begin with a lowercase letter and separate the list items with a semicolon. It is unacceptable to use Roman numerals in the numbering of lists!

An example of a numbered list:

1. Municipal government.

2. Public administration.

Letter Lists

For alphabetic lists, use as identifiers big letters of the Russian alphabet and a period after them in the case of enumeration elements consisting of large text fragments. For small fragments of the enumeration, small Russian letters with a parenthesis are used. If the final qualifying work is drawn up by a computer method, then it is permissible to use the letters of the Latin alphabet as well.

An example of a letter list:

A. Municipal government.

B. Public administration.

In one paragraph or subparagraph of the text part of the diploma, it is recommended not to give more than one list. However, if there is no way to avoid multiple enumerations, then you need to use different forms of identifiers in different lists.

Styling notes, links, and footnotes

Notes in the work lead, if necessary, explanations or reference data to the content of the text, tables or graphic material.

Notes should be placed immediately after the text, graphic material or table to which these notes refer. The word "Note" should be capitalized with paragraph indentation and not underlined. If there is only one note, then a dash is placed after the word "Note" and the note is printed with a capital letter. One note is not numbered. Several notes are numbered in Arabic numerals without a period. A note to the table is placed at the end of the table with a line indicating the end of the table.

Example:

Note - ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Several notes are numbered in Arabic numerals in order:

Notes

1 ____________________________________________________________

2 ____________________________________________________________

3 ____________________________________________________________

References are governed by GOST R 7.0.5-2008 "Bibliographic reference".

Footnotes can be subscript (that is, at the bottom of the work page, on the page where the quote or phrase is placed), and inline.

Inline lines are usually formatted in square brackets, where the source number is indicated in order (in the list of sources used) and the page number from which you took the quote or phrase, for example:.

In the case of footnotes, bibliographic information about the cited source is placed on the same page as the quotation. At the end of the quotation, a number is put that indicates the ordinal number of the footnote on this page (or the ordinal number of the footnote in the work in the case of continuous numbering).

At the bottom of the page, after a shortened horizontal line, this number is repeated, followed by bibliographic information about the source.

For the design of the footnote, a smaller font size is used than in the text of the work.

An example of a footnote formatting:

The text of the quote in the text of the work. one

__________________________________________

1 Ivanov I.I. Theoretical foundations.-M.:, 2000.-P.25.

FQPs can be of both applied and analytical nature. Bachelor's qualifying work, as a rule, should include:

- problem statement;

- review of the state of the issue and substantiation of the relevance of the topic of work;

- a brief description, research, calculation, design, and analysis of research and / or design and calculation results;

- the formulation of conclusions on the work performed.

Articles, scientific reports published and prepared by a student for defense can be accepted as FQPs. The admissibility of the indicated equivalent is determined by the issuing department.

1.3 Requirements for WRC Master

The master's thesis is prepared during the entire period of study in the master's program. The final qualifying work of a master can be based on the final qualifying work of a bachelor. The recommended volume of a master's thesis is 90 - 100 pages of printed text without attachments.

FQP master requires the necessary availability:

- setting the research or development problem;

- analysis of the current state of the issue under consideration with justification of the relevance of the topic, its novelty;

- performed theoretical and theoretical (theoretical) and / or experimental studies;

- generalization of the results obtained and the formulation of conclusions and specific recommendations based on these results;

- substantiation of the effectiveness and practical value of the implementation of the expected FQP result.

By the decision of the graduating department, articles, monographs, scientific reports published in the editions of the list of the Higher Attestation Commission, in which new scientific results obtained by the author are presented, can be accepted as a master's thesis. The admissibility of the indicated equivalent is determined by the issuing department and is drawn up in the form of an extract from the minutes of the meeting of the department, the methodological commission of groups of related areas and specialties in the form of a decision

2 Requirements for the structure and content of the WRC

The following requirements are imposed on the FQP:

correspondence of the title of the work to its content, clear targeting, relevance;

logical sequence of presentation of the material;

correct presentation of the material, taking into account the accepted scientific terminology;

the reliability of the results obtained and the validity of the conclusions;

scientific writing style;

registration of work in accordance with the requirements of these guidelines.

The FQP consists of two mandatory parts: an explanatory note (PZ), including the calculated part and graphic (illustrative) material. The volume of the FQP should be sufficient to describe the ways of achieving the assigned tasks, but not overloaded with unimportant details.

The explanatory note should include structural elements in the sequence shown below:

title page(the first page, not numbered, but considered see Appendix A);

the task (terms of reference) (2nd page, not numbered, but considered);

manager's review, filed to the agreed WRC (3rd page, not numbered);

anti-plagiarism check results(4th page, not numbered);

annotation in Russian and english language for FQP bachelors (5th page, not numbered) or abstract in Russian and English (for master's theses), for bachelors, abstracts in Russian and English must be placed on one page;

introduction (main inscription indicating the page number (appendix B);

the main part;

conclusion;

list of sources used;

definitions, designations and abbreviations (this section is included in the PP if necessary);

annexes (this section is included in the PP if necessary. The number of pages in the annex is not included in the calculation of the recommended length of the WRC explanatory note)

WRC pages are numbered in Arabic numerals, sequentially numbered throughout the text, including annexes of all formats. The page number is affixed in the lower right part of the sheet without dots and dashes.

On the title page, assignment page and annotation (abstract), the page number is not put down, however, these pages count towards the number of pages.

Requirements for registration title page presented in app. AND.

The task issued in accordance with the FVGUPS ST 02-13 standard.

annotation in Russian and English is a brief description of the WRC in terms of content, purpose and novelty of work results.

abstract (for WRC master) must contain:

- title of the work, information about its volume (number of pages), number of illustrations and tables, number of sources used, number of applications;

- a list of keywords;

- the text of the abstract;

Information about the most significant publications and reports.

The keywords in the aggregate should give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe content. These are words or phrases from the text of the work that carry a semantic load from the point of view of information retrieval. The list includes from 5 to 15 key words (phrases) in the nominative case, typed on a line separated by commas in capital letters.

The abstract text should contain:

- description of the research object;

- the purpose of the work;

- relevance and practical significance of the work;

- research methods;

- the results obtained and their novelty;

IN content of WRC the exact names of all sections and subsections of work with the page numbers from which they begin are indicated. A sample of the content is presented in Appendix D.

In introduction to WRC the author substantiates the research topic, its relevance, novelty and practical significance, briefly characterizing the current state of the scientific problem (issue), which the work is devoted to, determines the goal, object and subject of the research. Based on the research objectives and subject matter, a working hypothesis is formulated. On the basis of the working hypothesis, research tasks are put forward, methods for their solution are determined. The novelty and relevance of the work must be indicated, the need for it is substantiated, the possibility and forms of using the obtained material are determined. It is desirable to briefly disclose the meaningful structure of the FQP, i.e. comment on the sections indicated in its table of contents.

The main part of the WRC consists of two or three sections and depends on the nature of the work. The structure of the PP should coincide with the list of sections of the assignment for the WRC. The sections reveal the content of the research performed; the main attention is paid to the thoughts and developments of the author of the FQP. The nature of the FQP depends on the chosen topic, goal, object, subject of research, and the factual material used. The key task of any research is the accumulation of our own, scientifically new materials, their processing, generalization, explanation of facts, followed by the formulation of conclusions and proposals.

The headings given in the content should exactly (without abbreviations and wording changes) repeat the headings of sections and subsections.

Conclusion of the WRC is a short, sequential, logically coherent presentation of the results obtained and described in the main part of the study, the conclusions of the study, built on the analysis of the ratio of the results obtained with the general goal and specific objectives of the study The number of conclusions should not be large, usually it is determined by the number of tasks assigned, since each task must be reflected in the conclusions in a certain way.

The final part of the WRC also assumes the presence of a generalized final assessment of the work done. At the same time, it is important to indicate what the main meaning of the work was, whether the goals were achieved, whether the tasks were solved, what new scientific tasks arise in connection with the research and its results, and to outline the prospects for further work. Finally, it is appropriate to include practical suggestions and recommendations that go beyond the main text of the WRC.

List of sources used when working on a WRC, it is placed after the text of the work and precedes the appendices. It is an obligatory part of the final qualifying work. The list includes bibliographic information about the sources used in preparing the work. When preparing master's theses, references to their own publications are required, all sources included in the list must be mentioned in the text of the work by means of links. The design of the bibliographic list is determined by GOST 7.1-84, GOST 7.80-2000.

Examples of the design of the list of sources used are presented in Appendix D.

When choosing information sources, it is necessary to take into account the degree of their novelty and relevance for their own research. The degree of obsolescence of information sources is determined by Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. 1623 of 04/11/01: for mathematical, natural science and general professional disciplines -10 years , for general humanitarian, socio-economic, special disciplines -5 years .

The criterion of novelty does not apply to additional literary sources recommended for in-depth, fundamental study of the problem.

Each appendix should start on a new page with the word "APPENDIX" in the upper right corner and have a meaningful title.

If there are several applications in operation, they are numbered sequentially in capital letters. Supplementary or additional materials that cannot be included in the main text for technical or other reasons are included in the appendix.

To graphic (illustrative) material should include:

- demonstration sheets (posters);

- drawings, diagrams, tables, diagrams, etc .;

- computer presentations.

Drawings are drawn up in accordance with the ESKD standards, for the corner stamp see Appendix E.