Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JNR) in Dubna Tactical missile weapons Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) Is an international intergovernmental research organization created on the basis of the Agreement signed by the eleven founding countries on March 26, 1956 and registered by the UN on February 1, 1957. Located in Dubna, not far from Moscow, in Russian Federation.

The Institute was created in order to combine efforts, scientific and material potential of the member states to study the fundamental properties of matter. JINR members today are 18 states: Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Armenia, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Bulgaria, Socialist Republic Vietnam, Georgia, Republic of Kazakhstan, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Republic of Cuba, Republic of Moldova, Mongolia, Republic of Poland, Russian Federation, Romania, Slovak Republic, Republic of Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Czech Republic. At the governmental level, the Institute has concluded Cooperation Agreements with Hungary, Germany, Egypt, Italy, Serbia and the Republic of South Africa.

JINR's activities in Russia are carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Ratification of the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research on the location and conditions of the activities of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in the Russian Federation”. In accordance with the Charter, the Institute carries out its activities on the principles of openness for the participation of all interested states, their equal mutually beneficial cooperation.

The main directions of theoretical and experimental research at JINR: particle physics, nuclear physics and condensed matter physics. JINR's scientific policy is developed by the Scientific Council, which includes prominent scientists from the participating countries, as well as famous physicists from Germany, Greece, India, Italy, China, the USA, France, Switzerland, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), etc.

JINR has seven laboratories, each of which is comparable in the scope of research to a large institute. The staff numbers about 5,000, of which more than 1,200 are research workers, and about 2,000 are engineering and technical personnel.

The Institute has a remarkable set of experimental physics facilities: the only superconducting accelerator of nuclei and heavy ions in Europe and Asia - the Nuclotron, heavy ion cyclotrons U-400 and U-400M with record-breaking beam parameters for carrying out experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei, a unique pulsed neutron reactor IBR-2M for research in neutron nuclear physics and condensed matter physics, a proton accelerator - a phasotron, which is used for radiation therapy... JINR possesses powerful high-performance computing facilities, which are integrated into world computer networks using high-speed communication channels. In 2009, the Dubna-Moscow communication channel with an initial throughput of 20 Gbps was put into operation.

At the end of 2008, a successful start-up of the new base plant took place IRENE-I designed for research in the field of nuclear physics using the time-of-flight technique in the neutron energy range up to hundreds of keV.

Work on the project is progressing well "Nuclotron-M", which should become the basis of a new superconducting collider NICA, as well as to create a complex of heavy ions DRIBs-II... In accordance with the schedule, work is underway to modernize the complex of the reactor's spectrometers. IBR-2M included in the 20-year European Strategic Program for Neutron Scattering Research.

Concept of the Seven-Year Development Plan of JINR for 2010-2016. provides for the concentration of resources for the renovation of the accelerator and reactor facilities of the Institute and the integration of its basic facilities into a single system of European scientific infrastructure.

An important aspect of JINR's activities is broad international scientific and technical cooperation: the Institute maintains contacts with almost 700 scientific centers and universities in 64 countries of the world. In Russia alone, the largest JINR partner, cooperation is carried out with 150 research centers, universities, industrial enterprises and firms from 43 Russian cities.

The Joint Institute actively cooperates with the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in solving many theoretical and experimental problems in high energy physics. Today JINR physicists participate in 15 CERN projects. JINR's significant contribution to the implementation of the project of the century - the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) - has been highly appreciated by the world scientific community. All JINR obligations on the development and creation of individual detector systems were successfully and on time fulfilled ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and the machine itself LHC... JINR physicists are involved in preparations for a wide range of fundamental research in the field of elementary particle physics at the LHC. The central information and computing complex of the Institute is actively used for tasks related to experiments at the LHC, and other scientific projects requiring large-scale computations.

For more than fifty years, JINR has carried out a wide range of studies and trained highly qualified scientific personnel for the participating countries. Among them are presidents of national academies of sciences, heads of major nuclear institutes and universities of many JINR member states. The necessary conditions for training talented young specialists have been created at JINR. For more than 30 years, a branch of Moscow State University has been operating in Dubna, Educational and scientific center JINR, as well as the Department of Theoretical and Nuclear Physics at the International University of Nature, Society and Man "Dubna".

Every year, the Institute sends more than 1,500 scientific articles and reports to the editorial offices of many journals and conference organizing committees, which are represented by about 3,000 authors. JINR publications are sent to more than 50 countries of the world.

JINR accounts for half of the discoveries (about 40) in the field of nuclear physics registered in the former USSR. The decision of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry to assign the 105th element of the Periodic Table of Elements by D.I. Mendeleev names "Dubny".

Dubna scientists were the first in the world to synthesize new, long-lived superheavy elements with serial numbers 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 and 118 ... These important discoveries have crowned 35 years of research efforts by scientists around the world. "Islands of stability" superheavy nuclei.

For more than 15 years JINR has been participating in the implementation of the program for the creation of the Dubna innovation belt. In 2005, the Government of the Russian Federation signed a Resolution "On the creation on the territory of Dubna of a special economic zone of technology-innovative type"... The specificity of JINR is reflected in the focus of the SEZ: nuclear physics and information technologies. For implementation in the special economic zone, the Joint Institute has prepared more than 50 innovative projects, 9 resident companies of the SEZ "Dubna" have their origins at JINR.

The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research is a large multifaceted international scientific center, which integrates fundamental nuclear physics research, the development and application of the latest technologies, as well as university education in the relevant fields of knowledge.

The scientific program is focused on achieving highly significant results.

The JINR experimental base allows not only advanced fundamental research, but also applied research aimed at the development and creation of new nuclear physics and information technologies.

JINR Laboratories

CERN and JINR have mutual observer status: JINR - in the CERN Council and CERN - in the Committee of Plenipotentiaries of the governments of the JINR member states. Recently, JINR has had a representative in the Expert Committee of the European Science Foundation (NuPECC).

JINR Chief Scientific Secretary N.A. Rusakovich, JINR Director V.A. Matveev, general manager CERN R. Hoyer, Head of the International Relations Office of CERN, CERN Representative at JINR R. Foss

The Institute has accumulated a colossal experience of mutually beneficial scientific and technical cooperation on an international scale. JINR maintains contacts with the IAEA, UNESCO, the European Physical Society, the International Center for Theoretical Physics in Trieste. More than a thousand scientists from organizations cooperating with JINR come to Dubna annually.

Educational activities

JINR has created excellent conditions for training talented young specialists. Has been working in Dubna for over 30 years branch of Moscow State University. (UC) JINR annually organizes a workshop at the facilities of the Institute for students from higher educational institutions of Russia and other countries.

Participants of the international student practice of the UC

For physics teachers from the JINR member states, the UC jointly with CERN organizes annual scientific schools.

V State University "Dubna" there are departments of theoretical and nuclear physics, as well as biophysics, distributed computing systems, nanotechnology and new materials, personal electronics and electronics of physical installations. The teaching staff includes leading JINR staff members, world-class scientists. The educational base of the university is actively developing on the territory of JINR.

Publications

Achievements and prospects

JINR accounts for over 40 discoveries in the field of nuclear physics. In the light of the recent achievements of the Institute, it deserves special mention. In recognition of the outstanding contribution of the scientists of the Institute to modern physics and chemistry, the decision of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry to assign 105th element Periodic table of elements D.I. Mendeleev names dubnium and 114th element titles flerovium, in honor of the JINR Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions and its founder, Academician G.N. Flerov. For the first time in the world, Dubna scientists synthesized new, long-lived superheavy elements with serial numbers 113, 114, 115, 116, 117 and 118. These important discoveries crowned the long-term efforts of scientists from different countries to search for " islands of stability»Superheavy nuclei.

The 105th element of the Mendeleev's Table was named dubnium, and the 114th element was named flerovium, in honor of the JINR Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions

For more than 20 years JINR has been participating in the implementation of the program for the creation of the Dubna innovation belt. In 2005, the Government of the Russian Federation signed the Decree “On the establishment on the territory of the city of Dubna special economic zone technical and innovative type ". The specificity of JINR is reflected in the focus of the SEZ: nuclear physics and information technologies.

The Institute strives to consolidate and strengthen its key positions in modern conditions... At the heart of JINR development strategy for subsequent years - fundamental research in the field of nuclear physics and related fields of science and technology due to the improvement of its own research infrastructure and participation in international collaborations; methodological and applied research in the field of high technologies and their implementation in industrial, medical and other technical developments; active educational activities and development of social infrastructure.

(JINR) is an international intergovernmental research organization created on the basis of the Agreement signed by the eleven founding countries on March 26, 1956 and registered by the United Nations on February 1, 1957. Located in the Russian Federation, in Dubna, not far from Moscow.

The starting point for the formation of scientific Dubna can be considered 1946, when, on the initiative of the head of the Soviet atomic project Igor Kurchatov, the government of the USSR decided to build a proton accelerator - synchrocyclotron near the village of Novo-Ivankovo.

The scientific policy of the Institute is developed by the Academic Council, which includes prominent scientists representing the participating countries, as well as famous physicists from Germany, Greece, India, Italy, China, USA, France, Switzerland, CERN, etc.

Since 2011, the JINR Director has been Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Academician Russian Academy Sci. Victor Matveev.

The Institute has a remarkable set of experimental physics facilities: the only superconducting accelerator of nuclei and heavy ions in Europe and Asia - the Nuclotron, heavy ion cyclotrons for carrying out experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei, a unique pulsed neutron reactor for research in neutron nuclear physics and condensed matter physics, a proton accelerator - a phasotron, which is used for radiation therapy. JINR possesses powerful high-performance computing facilities, which are integrated into world computer networks using high-speed communication channels.

At the end of 2008, the successful launch of the new IREN-I base facility, intended for research in the field of nuclear physics using the time-of-flight technique, took place.

The Institute maintains contacts with almost 700 research centers and universities in 64 countries of the world. In Russia alone, cooperation is carried out with 150 research centers, universities, industrial enterprises and firms from 43 Russian cities.

The Joint Institute actively cooperates with the European Organization for Nuclear Research in solving many theoretical and experimental problems of high energy physics. JINR physicists participate in 15 CERN projects. Scientists of the institute took part in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project. They participated in the design and construction of individual detector systems ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and the LHC machine itself.

JINR physicists are involved in preparations for a wide range of fundamental research in the field of elementary particle physics at the LHC. The central information and computing complex of the institute is actively used for tasks related to experiments at the LHC and other scientific projects requiring large-scale computations.

Every year, the institute sends more than 1,500 scientific articles and reports to the editorial offices of many journals and conference organizing committees, which are represented by about 3,000 authors. JINR publications are sent to more than 50 countries of the world.

JINR participates in the implementation of the program for the creation of the Dubna innovation belt. In 2005, the government of the Russian Federation signed a decree "On the creation of a special economic zone of a technology-innovative type on the territory of the city of Dubna." The specificity of JINR is reflected in the focus of the SEZ: nuclear physics and information technologies. For implementation in the special economic zone, the Joint Institute has prepared more than 50 innovative projects, nine companies-residents of the SEZ "Dubna" have their origins at JINR.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

Legal address 141980, Moscow region, Dubna, JINR Site jinr.ru Awards

Postage stamp of the USSR, 1976

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) is an international intergovernmental research organization in the science city of Dubna, Moscow region. The founders are 18 JINR Member States. The main directions of theoretical and experimental research at JINR are nuclear physics, elementary particle physics and research into the condensed state of matter.

As a sign of recognition of the outstanding contribution of the scientists of the Institute to modern physics and chemistry, the decision of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to assign the name of the 105th element dubnium according to the location of JINR, and the 114th element - the names of flerovium in honor of the co-founder of JINR and the long-term head of his Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Academician G. N. Flerov, where during his work elements with numbers from 102 to 110 were synthesized.

History

The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research was created on the basis of the Agreement signed on March 26, 1956 in Moscow by representatives of the governments of the eleven founding countries, with the aim of combining their scientific and material potential for studying the fundamental properties of matter. At the same time, the contribution of the USSR was 50 percent, the People's Republic of China 20 percent. On February 1, 1957, JINR was registered by the UN. The institute is located in Dubna, 120 km north of Moscow.

By the time JINR was founded on the site of the future Dubna, the Institute for Nuclear Problems (INP) of the USSR Academy of Sciences had already existed since the end of the 1940s, which had launched an extensive scientific program of fundamental and applied research on the properties of nuclear matter at the synchrocyclotron, the largest charged particle accelerator at that time. At the same time, the Electrophysical Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (EFLAN) was established here, in which, under the leadership of Academician V.I.

By the mid-1950s, there was a general understanding in the world that nuclear science should not be confined to secret laboratories and that only broad cooperation can ensure the progressive development of this fundamental area of human knowledge, as well as the peaceful use of atomic energy. So, in 1954, near Geneva, CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) was created with the aim of consolidating the efforts of Western European countries in studying the fundamental properties of the microworld. At about the same time, the countries that then belonged to the socialist community, at the initiative of the government of the USSR, made a decision to create a Joint Institute for Nuclear Research on the basis of INP and EFLAN.

Professor D.I.Blokhintsev, who had just completed the creation of the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk, was elected the first director of the Joint Institute. Professors M. Danysh (Poland) and V. Votruba (Czechoslovakia) became the first vice-directors of JINR. One of the most difficult and crucial periods in the life of the Institute fell to the lot of the first directorate - the time of its formation.

The history of the formation of the Joint Institute is associated with the names of such prominent scientists and leaders of science as N.N.Bogolyubov, L. Infeld, I. V. Kurchatov, G. Nevodnichansky, A. M. Petrosyants, E. P. Slavsky, I. Ye. Tamm, A. V. Topchiev, H. Khulubei, L. Yanoshi and others.

Outstanding physicists took part in the formation of the main scientific directions and the development of the Institute: A.M. Baldin, Van Ganchan (w. 王淦昌 , eng. Wang ganchang), V.I. Veksler, N.N. Govorun, M. Gmitro, V.P. Dzhelepov, I. Zvara, I. Zlatev (Bulgarian. Ivan Zlatev), D. Kish, N. Kroo (Hung. Norbert Kroó), J. Kozheshnik, K. Lanius, Le Van Thiem (eng. Le van thiem), A. A. Logunov, M. A. Markov, V. A. Matveev, M. G. Meshcheryakov, G. Nadzhakov, Nguyen Van Hieu, Yu. Ts. Oganesyan, L. Pal, G. Pose, B. M. Pontecorvo, V. P. Sarantsev, N. Sodnom, R. Sosnovski, A. Sandulescu (rum. Aureliu Săndulescu), A. N. Tavkhelidze, I. Todorov, I. Ulegla, I. Ursu, G. N. Flerov, I. M. Frank, H. Khristov, A. Hrynkevich (Polish. Andrzej Hrynkiewicz), S. Tszeika, F. L. Shapiro, D. V. Shirkov, D. Ebert, E. Janick (Polish. Jerzy janik) .

Achievements

In 1961, when the JINR prizes were established, this award was received by a team of authors headed by Vladimir Iosifovich Veksler and the Chinese professor Wang Ganchan for the discovery of antisigma-minus-hyperon. No one doubted that it was an elementary particle, but a few years later it was denied elementary, as, indeed, the proton, neutron, π- and K-mesons and other hadrons. These objects turned out to be complex particles composed of quarks and antiquarks. Physicists from Dubna contributed to the understanding of the quark structure of hadrons. This is the concept of colored quarks, this is the quark model of hadrons called the "Dubna sack", etc.

In 1957, shortly after the establishment of JINR, Bruno Pontecorvo put forward a hypothesis about neutrino oscillations. It took several decades to find experimental confirmation of one of the central questions of modern physics of weak interactions - neutrino oscillations. In January 2005, at the 97th session of the JINR Scientific Council for the proof of solar neutrino oscillations in the SNO experiment (Sudbury Neutrino Observatory), the A. B. M. Pontecorvo to the director of the SNO project, professor of physics at Queen's University (Kingston, Canada), Dr. A. MacDonald.

JINR accounts for half of the discoveries (about 40) in the field of nuclear physics registered in the former USSR.

Having synthesized many new chemical elements and more than four hundred new isotopes, the Institute has become one of the very few world leaders in this field. Including, since 1998, he has synthesized as a priority all new elements of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements, starting from 113th.

The Institute for the first time synthesized the elements nobelium (102), flerovium (114), muscovium (115), livermorium (116), tennessin (117), oganesson (118). Also, the priority is equally approved according to the IUPAC solution or remains controversial for a number of other elements synthesized at JINR: lawrentium (103), rutherfordium (104), dubnium (105), borium (107).

Institute structure

JINR members are 18 states:

At the governmental level, the Institute has concluded Cooperation Agreements with Germany, Hungary, Italy and the Republic of South Africa.

The supreme governing body of JINR is the Committee of Plenipotentiaries of all 18 member countries. The scientific policy of the Institute is developed by the Academic Council, which, in addition to prominent scientists representing the participating countries, includes well-known physicists from Germany, Italy, the USA, France, and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).

Head of the FLNR experimental facilities scientific group Eduard Mikhailovich Kozulin prepares equipment for experiments (2005)

Institute laboratories

JINR has seven laboratories, each of which is comparable in the scope of research to a large institute.

laboratory name	supervisor
Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP) named after I. M. Frank	V. N. Shvetsov, Ph.D. n.
Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (BLTP) named after N. N. Bogolyubova	V.V. Voronov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n.
Laboratory of High Energy Physics (VBLHEP) named after V.I. Veksler and A.M. Baldin	V.D. Kekelidze, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n.
Laboratory of Nuclear Problems (DLNP) named after V. P. Dzhelepova	V. A. Bednyakov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n.
Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR) named after G. N. Flerova	S. N. Dmitriev, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n.
Information Technology Laboratory (LIT)	V.V. Korenkov, Doctor of Technical Sciences
Radiation Biology Laboratory (LRB)	E. A. Krasavin, Corresponding Member RAS

The Institute employs about 6,000 people, of which more than 1,000 are research workers, including

The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) was established on the basis of an Agreement signed on March 26, 1956 in Moscow by representatives of the governments of the eleven founding countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, China, DPRK, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Czechoslovakia) with the aim of combining their scientific and material potential to study the fundamental properties of matter. Later, in September of the same year, they were joined by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, in 1976 - by the Republic of Cuba. After signing the Agreement, specialists from all participating countries came to the Institute. The city of Dubna has become international.

The prehistory of this scientific center in the city located at the confluence of the Dubna River with the Volga (Moscow region) is also interesting. At the end of the 40s of the XX century. here, then in the village of Novo-Ivankovo, the most powerful accelerator in the world at that time, the synchrocyclotron, was commissioned to carry out fundamental research in the field of physics of elementary particles and the atomic nucleus at high energies. It began to be built on the initiative of a group of domestic scientists headed by Academician Igor Kurchatov, for which a new laboratory was organized, which from 1947 to 1953, for reasons of secrecy, was listed as a branch of the Institute of Atomic Energy and was called the Hydraulic Engineering Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and a little later received the status of an independent academic institutions - the Institute of Nuclear Problems of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

Further expansion of the research program caused the emergence in 1951 of another scientific organization - the Electrophysical Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where, under the leadership of Academician (since 1958) Vladimir Veksler, work was launched to create a new accelerator - the synchrophasotron, a proton accelerator with an energy of 10 GeV - s record parameters for that time. The grandiose structure, launched (like the first artificial Earth satellite) in 1957, has become a symbol of the achievements of Russian science.

So, these two large institutions were our launching pad. Here, research was launched in a wide range of areas of nuclear physics, in which the scientific centers of the JINR member states were interested.

At a Moscow meeting in March 1956, their representatives elected the first director of the Institute, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1958), Dmitry Blokhintsev, who had previously headed the construction of the world's first nuclear power plant (launched in 1954) in Obninsk (Kaluga Region). Professors Marian Danysh (Poland) and Vaclav Votruba (Czechoslovakia) became vice-directors.

The JINR Statute was approved on 23 September 1956 at the first session of the Committee of Plenipotentiaries of the JINR Member States; in a new version it was signed on June 23, 1992. In accordance with the Charter, the Institute operates on the principles of openness for the participation of all interested states, their equal mutually beneficial cooperation.

The history of JINR formation is associated with the names of such prominent scientists and leaders of science as Nikolai Bogolyubov, Igor Tamm, Alexander Topchiev, Leopold Infeld, Henrik Nevodnichansky, Horia Hulubei, Lajos Yanoshi and others. Outstanding physicists and organizers of science Alexander Baldin, Dmitry Blokhintsev, Van Ganchan, Vladimir Veksler, Nikolay Govorun, Marian Gmitro, Venedikt Dzhelepov, Ivo Zvara, Ivan Zlatev, Vladimir Kadyshevsky, Dezhe Kish, Norbert Kroo, Jan Kozheshnik, Karl Lanius, Le Van Thiemu, Anatoly Logov , Moisey Markov, Viktor Matveev, Mikhail Meshcheryakov, Georgi Nadzhakov, Nguyen Van Hieu, Yuri Oganesyan, Lenard Pal, Heinz Pose, Bruno Pontecorvo, Vladislav Sarantsev, Namsarain Sodnom, Ryshard Sosnovski, Aureliu Sanduleskhelidovla, Ivodzeert, Tureliu Sanduleskhelidze Ion Ursu, Georgy Flerov, Ilya Frank, Hristo Hristov, Andrzej Hrynkevich, Shcherban Tszeika, Fyodor Shapiro, Dmitry Shirkov, Jerzy Janik and others. the streets and alleys in Dubna are named after them.

In terms of the range of activities, JINR is a unique international scientific organization, but not the first in time to appear on the scientific map of the world. Almost two years earlier, near Geneva, on the territory of Switzerland and France, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) was formed, designed to consolidate the efforts of Western European countries in studying the fundamental properties of matter. This accelerated the formation of our Institute as an institution that united the scientific potential of Eastern European countries and a number of Asian states (it is no coincidence that in one of the first documents JINR was called the Eastern Institute for Nuclear Research).

All this was the result of understanding that no area of fundamental science is comparable in cost to nuclear physics, and it is not very promising to develop this area of knowledge alone, besides, it acts as a generator of ideas, stimulates not only many other natural sciences, but and technical progress in general. In addition, only openness and internationality are a guarantee of the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

And obtaining accelerated proton beams at the synchrophasotron with energies up to 10 GeV allowed JINR specialists to immediately engage in the search for new elementary particles and previously unknown regularities of the mysterious microworld. With unprecedented enthusiasm and innovation, Dubna was doing what had no analogues and about which the newspapers invariably wrote "for the first time in the world."

Thus, at the 1959 International Conference on High Energy Physics in Kiev (i.e., just two years after the launch of the synchrophasotron), the first results on the study of the properties of the production of strange particles in pion-nucleon interactions at energies above 6 GeV were presented. In particular, Vladimir Veksler, Van Ganchan, Mikhail Soloviev reported on the discovery of the now well-known law of conservation of the baryon charge of heavy elementary particles, which include nucleons, hyperons, etc. particles, as well as new data on the properties of xi-minus hyperons, antiprotons and anti-lambda hyperons formed in the above interactions.

At the Rochester conference in Berkeley (USA) in 1960, physicists of the same group, again for the first time, announced the discovery of cases of multiple (more than two) formation of strange particles (these include K-mesons, hyperons, etc.), the establishment of the phenomenon the growth of the cross sections for the formation of kaons and xi-minus hyperons with the energy of incident pions, as well as cases of the formation and decay of a new antiparticle - antisigma-minus hyperon. It was a triumph of Dubna scientists.

And a year later, at a conference at CERN, the same group of scientists first demonstrated data on the abundant production of resonances with the participation of strange particles and reported on the previously unknown resonance f0 (980) - a meson decaying into two short-lived neutral kaons (the same as K -mesons). This phenomenon is included in the tables of world data on particles with reference to the work of the JINR High Energy Laboratory group.

At the same time, original methods were created here, for the first time in the world they constructed large hydrogen and propane-freon chambers, etc. And the synchrophasotron eventually turned into an accelerator of relativistic nuclei. In addition, it was on it that polarized deuterons were accelerated to record energies of 4.5 GeV per nucleon.

One of the first topics that developed in Dubna was associated with the knowledge of the structure of radioactive nuclei obtained by irradiating targets from different substances with protons at the synchrocyclotron. Research was carried out by an international team in the Scientific and Experimental Department of Nuclear Spectroscopy and Radiochemistry of the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems. The obtained long-lived isotopes were sent for study to Warsaw, Dresden, Kiev, Krakow, Leningrad, Moscow, Prague, Tashkent, Tbilisi, as well as to some scientific centers of the non-participating countries.

The world's first pulsed reactor IBR (fast neutron reactor), created at the Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP), also became the center of attraction for physicists from the JINR member countries. Many specialists from Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, Germany, North Korea, Mongolia, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, etc. have passed the School of Research here. Subsequently, whole groups of employees with equipment specially prepared for relevant experiments began to come here from the participating countries.

One of the most striking examples international cooperation was the development of the next pulse reactor - the IBR-2 complex, in which the institutes and enterprises of Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR took part. Launched in 1984, it gave a powerful impetus to research in condensed matter physics using neutron scattering.

Now a new form of cooperation has been developed at the IBR-2: scientists of any country can submit proposals for conducting the experiments they need at facilities operating on the beams of this reactor. The relevant committee of experts considers the proposal, evaluates it. Their recommendations are mandatory, and within the specified time period, the author of the idea, together with FLNP specialists, conducts an experiment. The physicist conducts further research with the results obtained at his main job in contact with our specialists using modern means of communication.

In the 70s - 80s, research centers and enterprises of the participating countries made a significant contribution to the creation of experimental equipment for the U-400 cyclotron. Together with specialists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Bucharest, Romania), they drew up a technical assignment for the design and production in Romania of a transport system for the extracted cyclotron beams. And at the Institute for Nuclear Research in Swerk (Poland), a receiving device was developed for observing and identifying charged particles on the focal plane of the MSP-144 magnetic spectrometer. As a result, the scientists of the participating countries in a fairly short time helped to create a large experimental installation PHOBOS and other installations for our Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, where unique research is being carried out today.

It is appropriate to recall one more discovery "at the tip of the pen": after long and unsuccessful attempts by many specialists in the field of high energy physics to find the so-called top quark (the sixth, last and heaviest in this family of particles) a group of theoreticians in which the key the role was played by scientists from the Dubna Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (BLTP) named after NN Bogolyubov, predicted a rather narrow range of mass values, where it was necessary to look for the top quark. There, this particle was found by experimenters of the National Accelerator Laboratory. E. Fermi (USA). And recently, our collaborators, as part of a collaboration at the Fermi Laboratory, have contributed to the measurement of the top quark mass: the most accurate result in world practice has been obtained.

It should be emphasized that the modern quark model is inconceivable without the fundamental works of Dubna theorists: the hypothesis of colored quarks, a quark bag, etc. (Nikolay Bogolyubov, Albert Tavkhelidze, Victor Matveev, etc.).

Many nuclear research centers of the participating countries owe their appearance to a large extent to Dubna: thanks to JINR, their experimental base has been developed, large nuclear physics facilities have been created. At present, joint work continues on the construction of a cyclotron for Slovakia. In December 2003, in Astana, at the collegium of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a joint project was approved to create a Eurasian national university them. LN Gumileva of the Interdisciplinary Research Complex based on the DC-60 heavy ion accelerator developed at JINR. At the end of 2005, the creation of the accelerator was completed.

At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, we went through a difficult time. Perestroika, the collapse of the USSR and the socialist community, cardinal socio-political changes and a severe economic crisis in most of the countries mentioned - all this made the position of the Institute almost critical. However, it survived, primarily due to the highest level of theoretical and experimental research carried out in it, the traditions of its scientific schools, a unique scientific base and selfless devotion to science of a highly qualified team of scientists, specialists and workers. During this transitional period, the directorate of the Institute, headed by Academician Vladimir Kadyshevsky, did a great job of preserving the unique scientific center, maintaining its international relations and further development his scientific and technical cooperation.

An exceptionally important event for the Institute was the Federal Law "On Ratification of the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research on the location and conditions of the activities of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in the Russian Federation", adopted on January 2, 2000. It formulates the conditions that Russia undertakes to adhere to in order for JINR's activities to be successful and fruitful. Thus, for us, legal guarantees have been confirmed that correspond to generally accepted international norms.

At this stage of our development, it became clear that the cooperation of the participating countries in our Institute should acquire a qualitatively new character: be mutually beneficial, based on the real capabilities of the respective states. These are the current principles of the Institute's activities, which determine its strategy, development prospects, and priority research areas.

JINR members today are 18 states: the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the Republic of Georgia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Republic of Cuba, the Republic of Moldova, Mongolia, the Republic of Poland, the Russian Federation, Romania , Slovak Republic, Republic of Uzbekistan, Ukrainian Republic, Czech Republic. At the governmental level, the Institute has concluded Cooperation Agreements with Germany, Hungary, Italy and South Africa.

JINR is still a truly international scientific center. Its highest governing body is the Committee of Plenipotentiaries of all 18 member countries. He discusses the budget, plans for scientific research and capital construction, the admission of new states to the members of the Institute, etc.

The scientific policy of the Institute is developed by the Scientific Council, which, in addition to representatives of the participating countries, includes well-known physicists from CERN, Germany, Italy, China, USA, France, Greece, Belgium, the Netherlands, India and other countries.

The JINR Directorate elected by the Committee of Plenipotentiaries is a permanent body. Leading experts from the Institute's member states are elected to senior management positions.

Since the establishment of JINR, a wide range of research has been carried out here and highly qualified scientific personnel have been trained for the JINR member countries, including many scientists who now occupy leading positions in science. Among them are presidents of national academies of sciences, heads of major nuclear institutes and universities.

JINR has eight laboratories, each of which is comparable in scope of research to a large institute. In total, we employ about 6,000 people, of which more than 1,200 are research workers, including full members and corresponding members of national academies of sciences, over 260 doctors and 630 candidates of sciences, dozens of laureates of international and state awards, about 2,000 engineers and technicians.

So, BLTP them. NN Bogolyubova is one of the world's largest centers for theoretical research in the field of particle physics and quantum field theory, nuclear physics and condensed matter physics. Topical research in these areas is successfully combined here with effective theoretical support for experiments. Distinctive feature Dubna theoreticians - a wide range of scientific interests combined with the brightness of physical ideas and the rigor of mathematical research. An important component of BLTP activity is the development of cooperation in the field of educational programs with the JINR member countries and attracting talented young employees, students, post-graduate students to work.

Experimental research in the physics of elementary particles has been actively carried out at JINR since its inception. The study of the processes of birth and interaction of elementary particles is a direct way of understanding the structure of matter. Scientists of the Laboratory of Particle Physics (LPP) and the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems (DLNP) named after VP Dzhelepov are conducting experiments on this program not only in Dubna, but also at the largest accelerators at CERN, the Institute for High Energy Physics (Protvino, Russia), the National Accelerator Laboratory named after V.P. E. Fermi (Batavia, USA), Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, USA), German Synchrotron (Hamburg, Germany). At the same time, for the first time, a new form of cooperation between research teams from different countries was born - "physics at a distance", which made it possible to involve in scientific research teams of scientists who would not be able to independently carry out such work at the largest accelerators.

Let's say DLNP is one of the world's leading centers working in the field of high, low and intermediate energies. The most important, promising experiments are in particle physics, including neutrino research, the study of nuclear structure, including relativistic nuclear physics and nuclear spectroscopy; studying the properties of condensed media, creating new accelerators, biological and medico-biological research at the Dubna phasotron. Nowadays, the laboratory trainees head research teams in Protvino (Moscow region) and Gatchina (St. Petersburg), manage institutes, higher educational institutions and large laboratories in Belarus, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and other countries.

High Energy Laboratory (LHE) named after V.I. Veksler and A.M. Baddin - an accelerator center for a wide range of topical research in this range of beam energies, where there is a transition from the effects of the nucleon structure of the nucleus to manifestations of the asymptotic behavior of the characteristics of its interactions. The laboratory carries out wide international scientific cooperation with CERN, physical centers of Russia, USA, Germany, Japan, India, Egypt and other countries. Over the years, 9 discoveries have been made here. For the successful implementation of the research program in relativistic nuclear physics, they put forward the idea of creating a new specialized superconducting accelerator - the Nuclotron. It was put into operation in 1993. At the end of 1999, the creation of a system for slow extraction of a beam of accelerated protons was completed.

Today, the Nuclotron is the only such complex that can provide for experiments a wide variety of beams (from protons to iron nuclei) during a year and satisfy such conditions as: precise energy change, the required intensity level, prolonged stretching and uniformity of the temporal structure of the extracted beams, their profile necessary for experiments.

Works on the synthesis of new heavy and superheavy elements, the study of their physical and chemical properties were and remain the main direction of the scientific program of the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR) named after G.N. Flerova. For 5 recent years here 17 isotopes of new chemical elements were synthesized with atomic numbers from 112 to 118. The observation of dozens of decay events of new superheavy nuclei became possible after a significant improvement of the used accelerators and experimental methods. Today, the Institute is the world leader in the synthesis of superheavy nuclei, enriching the periodic table with new synthesized elements with atomic numbers 113, 115, 116, 118. Recognition of the outstanding contribution of our scientists to modern physics and chemistry was the decision of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry to assign The 105th element of DI Mendeleev's Periodic Table of Elements is named "Dubniy".

Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP) named after IM Frank is an active member of the world community of neutron physicists. Here they study physical phenomena in solids and liquids, new properties of materials. They carry out theoretical and experimental studies of high-temperature superconductivity, compounds with complex structures, which is especially important for biology, chemistry, pharmacology. A number of scientific developments developed in world science were initiated by works first performed at FLNP. We will mention studies of the properties of ultracold neutrons, the effects of spatial parity violation in neutron resonances, the influence of pulsed magnetic fields on the structure of matter, and the use of a small-angle technique.

An extremely important area is information technology, computer networks and computational physics. These works are concentrated in the Laboratory of Information Technologies, created by Mikhail Meshcheryakov, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The specialists of this laboratory carefully analyze the achievements in the field computer technology and strive to develop everything that is relevant and promising. Successfully resolved them the main task- provision of modern telecommunication, network and information and computing facilities for theoretical and experimental research.

The Particle Physics Laboratory was founded in 1988 to conduct relevant experimental research at the world's leading accelerators. Institutes of the JINR member countries are involved in the scientific program of the laboratory, which makes it possible to concentrate intellectual and material resources, thereby providing a significant contribution to international projects.

The Laboratory of Radiation Biology, the "youngest" laboratory at JINR, was established in 2005 on the basis of the Division of Radiation and Radiobiological Research. The methods of nuclear physics are used here to study the mechanisms of interaction of ionizing radiation with matter, and the basic facilities of the Institute are used in carrying out the most interesting radiobiological experiments. On account of the Dubna radiobiologists there are many achievements that were highly appreciated by the international scientific community. Thus, in 1985 in Prague, at the XIX European Conference on Radiation Biology, a report was made on the theory of the effect of radiation on living cells, proposed by our specialists for the first time in the world. The reaction to this was the desire of scientists from the Netherlands, Germany and other countries to cooperate with JINR, to exchange research results.

It is also important that the Institute has created excellent conditions for training talented youth. In 1991, in Dubna, on the basis of the Dubna branches of the V.I. D. V. Skobeltsyn Moscow State University, Moscow state institution radio engineering, electronics and automation, base chairs MIPT, MEPhI have opened an Educational and Scientific Center for specialized training in the field of physics. Here students complete their studies, undergo practical training in the laboratories of the Institute and prepare thesis under the guidance of leading scientists. The Institute has postgraduate studies. Students from the universities of the CIS countries, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Germany, etc. are constantly trained here, they organize practical workshops at our facilities every year. By the way, we use every opportunity to support students. One of the examples is the UNESCO grant, received within the framework of the JINR-UNESCO agreement and intended to conduct practical exercises and research in Dubna for two months. 18 young scientists from Armenia, Georgia, Belarus, Poland and Russia took part in these workshops.

In 1994, on the initiative of the JINR Directorate, with the active participation of the administrations of the Moscow Region and the city, the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences was created International University nature, society and man "Dubna".

For 50 years of its existence, JINR has been a kind of bridge between the West and the East, contributing to the development of broad international scientific and technical cooperation. We maintain contacts with more than 700 research centers and universities in 60 countries around the world. In Russia alone, our largest partner, we cooperate with 150 research centers, universities, industrial enterprises and firms from 40 cities.

On a mutually beneficial basis, we maintain contacts with the IAEA, UNESCO, the European Physical Society, and the International Center for Theoretical Physics in Trieste. More than a thousand scientists come to Dubna every year, and we provide scholarships to physicists from developing countries.

Cooperation with research centers in France and Italy stands out for the volume of joint work. In 1957 the laureate visited Dubna Nobel Prize Jean-Frederic Joliot-Curie (foreign member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1947). In memory of his visit, one of the streets of Dubna was named after him. Interest in us was also shown by the French Atomic Energy Commissariat - our Institute received the high commissioner of this organization, François Perrin. In 1972, a Protocol on Cooperation was signed between JINR and the National Institute of Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics (France). In 1992, a new, general agreement was concluded on our further development. It is no coincidence that one of the streets of the French city of Caen is called "Avenue de Dubna", which symbolizes the fruitful scientific ties of the GANIL (Large National Heavy Ion Accelerator) National Laboratory located in this city with JINR. Joint experimental studies of the stability limits of light exotic nuclei in 1994 were supported by a special grant from the French government, in 1997 it was extended for another three years. But this general work is not over: in particular, an agreement was reached that FLNR will focus on the synthesis of superheavy elements, and GANIL will study the behavior of exotic nuclei. At the same time, joint groups of scientists and specialists will work in Dubna and Kana.

At present, our and Italian scientists are united by the international project BOREXINO, dedicated to measuring the flux of solar neutrinos and studying the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations using a low-background calorimetric detector with a liquid scintillator, created in the underground laboratory of Gran Sasso (Italy). A group of Dubna employees made a great contribution to the prototyping of this installation, as well as to the analysis of the data and obtaining the first results. In 2000, the joint Protocol on Scientific and Technical Cooperation between the Italian Republic and the Russian Federation gave the project the first priority, and in 2003 it was transferred to the category of experiments of special importance.

Since the 1970s, after individual scientific contacts with American colleagues, closer ties between JINR and US national centers have been developing. This stage was opened by a visit to Dubna in 1969 by Tlenn Seaborg, then chairman of the US Atomic Energy Commission. In 1972, when the National Accelerator Laboratory. E. Fermi put her accelerator into operation, and American physicists invited our colleagues to participate in the first experiments on it. By that time, an original hydrogen gas target had been made in Dubna, and the leading scientific centers of the USA and European countries were subsequently equipped with similar ones. And today the same American partners continue to actively cooperate with us: for example, at the Tevatron proton accelerator, a large international team, including those from Dubna, is carrying out a number of major projects.

However, today JINR has extensive contacts with more than 70 American laboratories and universities in all areas of its activities, including the Brookhaven and Livermore National Laboratories.

For many decades, fruitful cooperation between JINR and CERN has been developing. Created half a century ago amid confrontation between two military blocs, they did not stop intensive cooperation even in the darkest years of the Cold War. During this time, they performed dozens of joint experiments. The first of them is NA-4 based on deep inelastic scattering of muons, which was performed in the Bologna-CERN-Dubna-Munich-Saclay collaboration. For the experimental setup, we made a 50-meter magnet core and 80 proportional chambers. In addition, our scientists have made a great contribution to the scientific search itself, from developing a physical proposal to obtaining results.

Today's collaboration is JINR's participation in 27 large CERN projects, including three out of four experiments at the Large Hadron Collider: ATLAS, CMS and ALICE. This accelerator will allow you to penetrate deeply into matter as never before, shed light on many secrets of the Universe (the conditions of the early Universe will be recreated - 10-21 seconds after the Big Bang); will help to solve one of the cornerstone mysteries of physics - to reveal the nature of the mass of particles; thereby make a qualitative leap in the development of the scientific worldview, technique and technology. This collider (LHC) with a circumference of 27 km will accelerate two beams moving in opposite directions. At the points of their intersection, four installations, huge in size and complex in execution, will be placed. In 2007, they should start working, and since over a billion collisions will occur on them every second, one can imagine what an inexhaustible stream of information will fall on physicists ...

On the basis of its supercomputer center, our Institute is taking part in the creation of the Russian regional data processing center with LHC, which will become an integral part of the European Union project "HEP EU-GRID".

I would like to note that JINR and CERN annually since 1997 have been holding a joint exhibition "Science Bringing Nations Together". It was successfully held in Oslo, Paris, Geneva, Brussels, Moscow, Bucharest, Dubna, Yerevan and Thessaloniki.

JINR scientists are indispensable participants in many international and national scientific conferences. It has become a good tradition to hold schools for young scientists. For example, the conference "Methods of Nuclear Physics and Accelerators in Biology and Medicine" has been successfully held for the third year in the summer.

Every year, the Institute sends more than 1500 articles and reports to the editorial offices of many journals and conference organizing committees, which are represented by about 3000 authors. It is interesting to note that among the scientific and educational centers operating in Russia, JINR is consistently in the top five in terms of the number of publications per year (and a number of other integral indicators).

At the session of the Committee of JINR Plenipotentiaries, a decision was made to support the project of creating a special economic zone for the Dubna Technopark, which is supposed to be implemented on the basis of public-private partnership in line with the transformations currently taking place in Russia and meeting the interests of the JINR member states.

The organization of such a zone will benefit the science city and will attract the necessary investments. This is also facilitated by the Federal Law "On Special Economic Zones in the Russian Federation" adopted in 2005. According to the results of the corresponding competition announced by the Government of the Russian Federation, Dubna received the status of a special economic zone of a technology-innovative type. Here, around the only international intergovernmental scientific center in Russia, an "innovation belt" will be created, in which a number of firms from the JINR member states have already expressed their interest. The Dubna technology and innovation zone will be developed in cooperation with colleagues - scientific centers of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Rosatom, as well as with partners in industry and business.

For 50 years, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research has been developing as a large multifaceted international scientific center, in which fundamental theoretical and experimental research, the development and application of the latest technologies, and university education in the relevant fields of knowledge have been successfully integrated.

Professor Alexey SISAKYAN, Director of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research