Is it possible to carry out individual heating in an apartment building. How to make individual heating in an apartment - a step-by-step guide. Approval and obtaining permits

Homeowners in urban high-rise buildings are accustomed to the relative convenience of central heating, as they do not have to think about maintaining it, turning it on or off. However, in last years more and more residents are inclined to equip their own autonomous heating in an apartment in a multi-storey building, as they face many problems caused by insufficiently efficient and conscientious work of housing and communal services. So, the coolant temperature set in the central boiler room is not always satisfied. For example, it is warm enough outside, and the batteries are hot to such an extent that you have to open all the windows wide open. Or, on the contrary, the radiators are a little warm, and harsh frosts suddenly set in outside the window.

Another important point is the dependence of heating on emergency situations in the entire system, up to the boiler house and heating mains. So, a pipe break in one of the sections of the heat supply line deprives several houses of heating at once. Such a moment is especially unpleasant at the peak of winter cold.

The inconvenience of central heating also manifests itself in the off-season - in the autumn and spring periods, when the heating has already been turned off or has not yet been started, and the apartment is cold. In such cases, you have to use electric heaters and pay rather big sums for electricity.

Those who decide to take control of the heat supply of their homes under their own control, having equipped individual heating, as a rule, have a lot of questions. Therefore, further, various nuances associated with such a transition will be considered.

Advantages and disadvantages of individual apartment heating

Before proceeding directly to action, you need to find out what advantages autonomous heating provides to its owners. But no less valuable is information about the difficulties that will be encountered in its arrangement and operation.

So, the presence in the apartment of a heating system independent of the heat supply line provides the following advantages:

• The ability to create comfortable conditions in the apartment at any time of the year, regardless of common work general heating system. An urgent need for this arises in the off-season, since in spring and autumn day and night temperatures vary significantly. Yes, and summer, as we know, is able to present "surprises". The central heating system is switched on according to the standard schedule. There are also emergency launches, but it always takes several days (to analyze the situation and put it into operation), during which residents may experience significant discomfort.

• The ability to set the most comfortable temperature in the apartment during the cold season. Everyone knows that apartments located in the end part of the house are colder than those located between several apartments. Therefore, the requirements for the temperature of the coolant in the system will be different. However, utilities do not always take into account these factors, charging the same amount of payment for heating, focusing only on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bhousing.

It is impossible not to take into account the personal needs for warmth of each person, since one individual likes it warmer, and for another, such a microclimate in an apartment seems unacceptably hot.

• Autonomous heating system can be easily adjusted to the desired mode of operation. For example, if homeowners are absent from home all day, then there is no need to “drive” the heating system in vain. You can set it to the minimum required heating, and upon arrival home, the temperature of the coolant can be increased.

Many modern heating boilers equipped with systems for programming operating modes, which can be set both according to the daily routine of the owners, and according to the alternation of weekends and working days. For example, by the time the owners come home from work or study, the system will automatically bring the temperature in the rooms to the most comfortable level.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with control units connected to GSM or IP communication channels. Thanks to this, they can be controlled remotely and remotely using a phone or computer.

• Payment for heating will also be significantly reduced due to lower energy consumption, since modern boilers, both gas and electric, are tuned for minimal energy consumption and its most efficient use - they have a high efficiency, reaching up to 95 ÷ 100%.
• By choosing a unit with two circuits for installation, it is quite possible to refuse not only central heating, but also hot water supply. Thanks to this, the apartment will always have hot water, regardless of whether preventive work is carried out in the heating network in the summer or not.
• Another important cost saving factor is that payment for heating will be made only in winter period when the system is actually in use. The fact is that you will have to pay only for an electric or gas meter (depending on the choice of the boiler). There is an opportunity to clearly personally control the consumption of resources. For central heating, you usually have to pay year-round.

However, in order to transfer an apartment to independent heating and hot water supply, you will have to go through a lot of bureaucratic formalities. They can be attributed to the main disadvantages of such a reorganization.

• All work carried out must be agreed with the relevant organizations and carried out in accordance with established rules. Unauthorized reconstruction will not remove the obligation to pay the costs for the provided central heating services, and also threatens to impose a large fine on the owner of the housing.
• Paperwork both for turning off central communications, and for drawing up a project, as well as installing autonomous equipment, will require a lot of time, patience and money.
• If you plan to use a gas boiler for heating, then the room where it will be installed must be equipped with an efficient ventilation system, as well as equip the chimney.

• Installation work on the installation of a gas boiler must be carried out by qualified specialists from the relevant organization. Therefore, it will not be possible to implement them on their own - and this also entails additional costs.
• In addition to the costs of installation work, the reconstruction will require considerable costs both for paperwork and the purchase of all necessary equipment.
• Responsibility for operational safety autonomous heating, as well as for carrying out preventive work is assigned to homeowners. Control over the implementation of all these regulations is carried out by specialists of the relevant organizations. The owner of the apartment will be obliged to provide unhindered access to the heating equipment.

Despite all the difficulties with the design and installation of an autonomous system, as well as one-time rather high costs, the benefits of this heating system are obvious. Over many years of operation, these investments will certainly pay off. and even several times. And the most favorable microclimate for the owners will always be maintained in the apartment.

Documents required for the transition to autonomous heating

The first thing to consider when starting a reconstruction is the timing of paperwork. Therefore, if it is planned to receive heat from an individual heating boiler next winter, then the process must be started in advance. So, practice shows that permits are issued and "wander through the authorities" within three to five months. Installation work can begin only after all permits have been received, and they will take several days.

Approval and obtaining permits

It is necessary to start this whole lengthy process by clarifying the list of documents required for drafting a project, purchasing and installing equipment. There is a list of documentation approved by Art. 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "The basis for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of residential premises." This document is taken as a basis, since when installing a heating boiler, as a rule, some redevelopment is required.

Redevelopment in apartments of multi-storey buildings should be carried out in accordance with established requirements and in agreement with local governments. To obtain approval, a package is collected, consisting of the following documents:

• Application-petition for redevelopment of residential premises. The standard form of this petition is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
• A copy of the certificate of the right to own housing, certified by a notary, is an agreement on transferring it to ownership or the right to inherit.
• Also, a photocopy of the technical passport of the apartment certified by a public notary.
• Designed housing redevelopment project.
• A copy of the document, which indicates all the tenants registered in this apartment.
• Consent to the redevelopment of the premises. This document is a list of all adult residents of the apartment, indicating the full name and year of birth. Opposite their name, each of them must put a personal signature, which confirms the consent. The document is drawn up on one sheet.
• If the house in which the apartment is located belongs to architectural monuments, then a permit from the organization involved in the protection of cultural heritage will be required.

When addressing the collected package to local authorities, the owner of the apartment should know that they are not entitled to demand additional documents from him that are not provided for by the above article. Having handed over the package for approval, in return for it, the owner of the apartment must receive a receipt, which will list all the documents contained in it.

Further, the self-government organization, after appropriate verification and approval, sends the package to the administration of the city or administrative region, where the documents are approved. In this case, it is necessary to know the time frame during which the applicant must be provided with a reasoned answer.

Consideration of the application and the issuance of a verdict on permission or refusal must be given no later than one and a half months (45 days) from the date of submission of the documentation. And the applicant must receive his copy of the conclusion issued by the commission no later than three days after the decision is made.

The ban on redevelopment of housing may be due to the deterioration of the living conditions of other residents of the house or apartment. This moment is indicated in the norms and rules for the technical operation of housing, approved by the Gosstroy of Russia No. 170 dated September 27, 2003.

As indicated in the list of documents, it includes a project for the redevelopment of the living quarters. Before the project is drawn up, it is necessary to obtain permission from the controlling gas and heat supply organizations to disconnect from the central communication systems and install autonomous gas equipment. If permission is obtained, then a project is drawn up for the reconstruction of the premises and the installation of an autonomous heating system. The finished project is coordinated with the relevant organizations.

All of the above documents, except for the project itself, must be prepared in advance, as they will need to be presented in all instances that affect the drafting of the project.

Documentation is issued in the following order:

• The first step will be to visit the city or district heating networks. In this organization, you must obtain permission to turn off the apartment from central heating. A permit document can be obtained if the disconnection of communications from a particular apartment does not disrupt the operation of the engineering equipment of the entire house or the apartments located next to it. There can be no other justification for refusal.

In some cases, the application for disconnection from the heating network is submitted through the housing department.

If an unreasonable refusal is received from the heat supply organization, then it is worth contacting the courts with this document to resolve this conflict.

• Having received a positive conclusion from the heating systems, you can go with it to the gas service of the city or district. There it is necessary to obtain technical conditions for the installation of stand-alone equipment. This document must be completed within ten calendar days from the date of application.
• When both permits are obtained, you can go to the design department of the energy company or to another design organization authorized to deal with residential buildings. If the heating boiler was purchased in advance, then its passport with technical characteristics should be attached to the general package. The project will take into account all the submitted data, including the technical conditions for the organization of autonomous heating.

In order to get acquainted with the requirements that regulatory organizations impose when issuing permits, it is necessary to study the document SNiP41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", clause 6.2 "Individual heat supply systems".

If there is no possibility or desire to independently solve the problems of permits with design organizations, then their execution can be entrusted to the design company. In some regions of the Russian Federation, this process is handled by one of the departments of the gas service. These additional services, of course, are already provided for a fee.

Drafting a project

The reconstruction project is drawn up according to the submitted documentation. Therefore, before transferring the package to the design organization, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technical conditions obtained in the gas sector. Given them, you must independently draw up a sketch of the desired (from the point of view of the owner) location of the heating equipment.

However, it is necessary to correctly imagine the situation - the exact place where the boiler will be installed can be determined by specialists after they study the floor plan of the apartment.

The project is the main document according to which the premises will be reorganized, and then the heating equipment will be installed. Therefore, the efficiency of the system and the convenience of its operation will depend on how correctly it will be developed.

The project includes a considerable amount of information that characterizes the heating system being created:

• The climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
• The main technical and operational characteristics of the building.
• Energy carriers that can be used for the functioning of autonomous heating.
• The characteristics of the heated premises of the apartment are their area and volume, the number of rooms, the location of the loggias.
• financial side of the issue.

Based on the collected and systematized information, the location of the boiler, its recommended type, as well as the required heat output are determined.

Specialists of design or energy companies will make accurate calculations, making the heating system not only efficient, but also economical to the maximum. If the organizations that will subsequently approve the documentation are developing projects themselves, then it is best to take this opportunity and entrust the development of it to them. In this case, there will be no possibility that serious errors or omissions will be made in the document.

However, whoever is entrusted with the task of compiling the project, the customer must actively interact with its developers. This is due to the fact that in the process of work, several options for redevelopment are often considered. These options are presented to the customer for consideration, and he chooses the most optimal of them - already from the point of view of the owner of the apartment. The parameters of the heater, as well as the range of parts, materials and components necessary for the installation of the system, often depend on this choice.

The project is being developed in stages:

• The first step is to consider the sketch of the equipment location provided by the customer. If the owner of the apartment has not developed his own version, then it is best to draw up a sketch together with a specialist designer.
• Further, the paths for laying the heating circuit are considered and determined. If you plan to leave the old circuit without replacement, only with the necessary modifications, the developer must be warned about this in advance.
• The next step is to prepare documentation on the main components and devices of the heating system.
• An estimate is being made.

Specialists responsible for a particular area of ​​operation of the heating system will definitely take part in the drafting of the project - this is heat supply, ventilation, energy supply, and, if necessary, architecture.

As a result, the documentation will consist of several parts, each of which defines different aspects of the project implementation:

• Descriptive part. It provides data on the meaning and content of the project. This section consists of several subsections:

- the location of the apartment in the construction of the house;

- features of the layout of the apartment and the location of living rooms.

This section specifies where the apartment is located - in the middle part of the building or from its end, regional climate features are indicated. This information is necessary to determine the type and optimal power of heating equipment, including the boiler itself, radiators or other heat exchange devices.

• Technological calculations are the main part of the project. This section determines the volume of coolant required for the operation of the heating unit in different modes. In addition, the optimal temperature for its heating is indicated, which will provide comfortable conditions in all areas of the apartment.

Based on the calculated parameters, the power of the boiler for heating is selected (as a rule, a double-circuit one, that is, immediately and to solve the problem of autonomous hot water supply).

This part also defines possible heat losses during room heating. And on the basis of the obtained indicators, conclusions are drawn about the efficiency of the heating system.

All calculated data are reflected in the graphic diagram, which is also included in this part of the project. This document will become a guide for installers during the practical implementation of the project. By the way, all these parameters must be strictly observed during installation and installation work. Otherwise, the commission accepting the system into operation may simply not allow its launch.

• Specification. This part of the project provides information on all the necessary components and materials for the installation of the heating system. The same section may include a drawing-scheme, which indicates the location of devices and connecting nodes.

This information is used when acquiring everything necessary for the assembly of the heating system, and then - when bringing its installation.

• IN Lately the project is often supplemented by a graphic representation of what should be the result. This part of the project helps to visualize how the heating system will look after it is installed. The image is made using computer programs, usually in three-dimensional projection.

When submitting an application for the preparation of project documentation, it is necessary to clarify the reasons for the transition to individual heating. This is necessary so that specialists know what to focus on when working on a project.

After the project is ready, a copy of it must be sent to the company that will control the subsequent operation of the equipment.

You may be interested in information about what is

Equipment for autonomous heating of an apartment

Another question that necessarily arises before the owner of an apartment who decides to transfer it to autonomous heating is the choice of a boiler according to the power source. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of April 16, 2012, which refers to heat supply systems, identifies devices that do not meet the established safety requirements. Therefore, the units included in the list of this document are prohibited for installation in apartments located in multi-storey buildings.

Simply put, in this case, only one of two options can be chosen - an electric boiler or a gas-fired one. Which one is better suited for the conditions of the apartment, more economical and safer?

To answer these questions, we can briefly consider their characteristic features.

A gas boiler

For autonomous apartment heating, gas boilers are often used. However, when choosing a unit, you need to know that it must meet certain requirements. These conditions are defined to maintain safety as well as the efficiency of the system.

These requirements include the design features of the unit:

• The boiler must have a sealed (closed) combustion chamber.
• Automatic shutdown of the gas supply should be provided in the following cases:

- when the burner flame goes out;

- in case of malfunctions in the protection circuit;

- in the event of a power outage;

- when the gas supply pressure drops below the limit value:

- when the coolant overheats above the established norm;

- in the presence of malfunctions in the chimney system.

• The permissible heating temperature of the coolant should not exceed 95 degrees.
• The coolant pressure in the system should not exceed 1 MPa.

In addition, gas boilers are divided into single and double-circuit, for example,. As mentioned above, the former are designed only for heating the apartment, and the latter - both for space heating and for heating hot water for domestic needs. Naturally, zealous owners most often prefer the second option.

When submitting an application for disconnection from the heating network, it is necessary to indicate the type of device in it. This is due to the fact that consent must be obtained from heating networks to disconnect not only from the central heating main, but also from the hot water supply.

Another important factor is the choice of the type of boiler at the location, as they are floor or wall. Due to the small areas of most city apartments, wall-mounted options are most often preferred, since boiler equipment is installed in kitchens or on an insulated loggia.

Wall-mounted boilers have a fairly compact size and neat exterior design. They practically do not differ in appearance from ordinary geysers. The chimney from the heating gas unit is brought out into the street through the outer wall of the house, therefore, this particular wall or adjacent to it is chosen for its placement. The window next to which the boiler is hung often immediately solves the issue of ventilation of the room.

The wall-mounted boiler has ample power to heat a standard-sized apartment.

If funds permit, a condensing boiler should be preferred. It is more efficient and economical in operation - it implements an additional selection of thermal power due to the condensation of water vapor contained in the combustion products of natural gas. The gain in useful power compared to a conventional boiler with equal consumption of "blue fuel" is 10 percent or more.

Gas boilers for heating and hot water supply - which one to choose?

A wide variety of gas boilers on sale can, to a certain extent, play a “cruel joke” with the consumer - significantly complicate the choice of a suitable model. What parameters should be considered Special attention Which models are better to give preference to? About all this in a separate - in a separate publication of our portal.

Arrangement of a room for the installation of a gas boiler

Separately, it is necessary to mention the premises of the apartment where it is planned to install gas equipment. The safety of the residents of the entire house will depend on its proper arrangement.

To place a gas boiler, you cannot choose an arbitrary room of the apartment, guided by some of your own master's interests. The premises must meet certain requirements, the list of which includes the following points:

• The equipment cannot be installed in any of the living rooms of the apartment.
• The area of ​​the room must be at least 4 m².
• The entrance door to the room cannot be less than 800 mm wide.
• The room must have a window facing the street.
• The unit is hung on a wall or installed on the floor, at a distance of at least 300 mm from another gas-powered appliance, such as a stove.
• It is not allowed to connect the chimney of a gas boiler, as well as the columns, to the general house ventilation system. The pipe must be brought outside through the outer wall. The most convenient in this respect is the use of coaxial chimneys with forced air intake and exhaust of combustion products.
• Some gas boilers with high power require the installation of forced ventilation in the room, that is, equipped with an exhaust fan. If in the technical specifications for the arrangement of the premises for installation specific model boiler, such a requirement is indicated, then you will have to insert a fan of appropriate capacity into the window.
• The wall-mounted boiler can only be installed on a wall made of non-combustible material. The floor area under the floor version of the device is usually lined with ceramic tiles.

If at least one of the requirements cannot be met, the commission that accepts the gas equipment will not sign the act of permission to put it into operation.

Based on the list of requirements, we can conclude that the gas boiler can be installed in the kitchen or in the loggia associated with it. The loggia must be well insulated in advance. These rooms are most suitable for the installation of gas equipment, since the gas supply riser is traditionally located in the kitchen.

The kitchen room of the apartment must have a window facing the street, as well as a doorway of the required width. In addition, general ventilation channels pass through the kitchen, which are also necessary when arranging a room for a “mini-boiler room”.

Gas boiler prices

a gas boiler

Electric heating of the apartment

Unlike gas equipment, it is much easier to install an electric heating option, since there are much more places where, for example, the same boiler can be hung on a wall.

The main thing to consider when choosing the area for installing equipment is the possibility of connecting a heating circuit to it, as well as supplying a power supply line of the required power. The presence of a ventilation system, as well as pipes for the removal of combustion products, is not required.

If it is decided to choose an electric heating option, then before starting the implementation of the plan, it is necessary to contact the energy company with a request to check the availability of free energy resources in the house. This organization must give written permission to connect devices of the required power and apply for disconnecting the apartment from the central heating and hot water supply. The homeowner must submit this application to the heating network, and a copy of it is attached to the general package of documents.

The list of other documentation for the transition to electric heating will have to be clarified with the energy company, as well as with the self-government organization. The administrative regions of Russia may have their own requirements for the use of electricity for heating.

In any case, for the installation of electric heating equipment, the number of documents that will have to be collected will be much less than when choosing a gas boiler.

Heating an apartment from electricity can be implemented in different ways, which allows you to choose the best option for a particular case:

• Installation of an electric boiler with connection to a classic heating circuit with a coolant circulating in it.
• Direct heating from separately installed convector appliances
• Fixed or mobile infrared heaters or fan heaters.
• Underfloor heating system using a heating cable or infrared film.
• Several different electrical appliances used in the complex.

You may be interested in information about what characteristics they have.

Heating with an electric boiler

If it is intended to leave the heating circuit in its original state, only by disconnecting it from the central heating, then it is connected to an electric boiler. Passing through the heat exchanger of the electrical unit, the coolant is heated and enters the closed heating circuit. Then, having passed the circle and cooled down, it returns again for heating. To make the circulation of the coolant more intense and controlled, a special circulation pump.

Modern electric boilers equipped automatic control. Thanks to such systems, the boiler can be programmed not only for a specific coolant temperature, but also for a specific mode of operation by hours and days of the week. That is, the device will not function constantly, but at the time and with the heat output that is beneficial to the owners of the home.

In specialized stores, wall-mounted models of electric boilers with a power of 5 to 60 kW are presented, as well as floor-standing options that have a much higher power of 60 kW or more.

To determine which of the models in terms of power to choose will help the specialists producing in the preparation of the project. The choice of the unit will depend on the characteristics of the heated apartment, its area, the number of windows and balconies, the type of window frames installed, etc. An approximate guideline when choosing the power of a heating boiler is 1 kW per 10 m² of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment, although these can be argued with.

If it is necessary to install a boiler with a power of 9 kW or more to heat housing, then you will have to re-equip the apartment's electrical network - start a three-phase line and install a three-phase meter. A unit with a larger capacity may only be installed with the approval of the home maintenance utility. But, as a rule, since we are talking about an ordinary apartment, single-phase units with a power of up to 9 kW are more than enough.

You might be interested in information on how to choose

An electric boiler can be installed in the kitchen, bathroom, one of the utility rooms or in the hallway. And all the necessary communications (pipes and cables) can be placed hidden - remove them into the wall or under the floor surface.

By the way, electric boilers are completely miniature. For example, electrode-type units are distinguished by their compactness. That is, finding the best place for them will be even easier. You may be interested in information about how they have proven themselves

You can talk a lot about electric boilers, since they are represented by several types that differ even in the principle of conversion electrical energy into thermal. But it is better to read about it in a separate detailed publication.

What is an electric boiler and how to choose one?

These units attract with their compactness, ease of installation and management, high performance. A special article of our portal will help to understand the diversity and even independently calculate the required power.

Prices onelectric boiler

electric boiler

Heating an apartment on the principle of direct heating with electrical appliances

This heating option includes heating from separately located electric heaters or a “warm floor” system. They can also be used in combination.

This heating option is chosen in cases where you want to get rid of the heating circuit pipeline, as well as radiators that, according to the owners, spoil the interior of the premises.

In addition to convectors, the rooms can be equipped with a system of cable or film infrared "warm floor". The simplest and most affordable, both in terms of price and complexity of installation, is the film version. It can be equipped with ordinary linoleum or laminate and does not require hiding with a screed.

When using two different types of heating devices for heating, they can be combined into one system for ease of control by connecting to a common monitoring and control unit. With the help of automation, temperature regimes can be set for different times of the day, as well as for the days of the week. If there is no desire to complicate the heating settings, then the system can also be adjusted manually by setting the desired temperature directly on the convectors or on the “warm floor” thermostat. This option is convenient in that you can set different temperatures in each of the rooms.

You may be interested in information on how

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Let's sum up the electric independent heating of the apartment.

If electricity is chosen as the source of energy, then in order to ensure safety, it is necessary to equip a ground loop. Without its installation, the commission may not issue a permit for the operation of autonomous heating.

Electric heating, unlike gas, is a safer option. Compared to central heating, it also has the advantage of being able to precisely set the desired temperature, as well as paying only when it is actually used.

The disadvantage of heating from the power supply can be called the fact that if the electricity is turned off for any reason, the apartment will remain not only without light, but also without heat. And if in the area where the apartment is located, power outage is a constant phenomenon, then it is better to give preference to gas equipment.

In addition, electric heating is still a very "expensive pleasure", especially since the upward trend in electricity tariffs looks depressingly stable.

But if, nevertheless, it is the electric option that is chosen, then you should listen to the recommendations of experts:

• For heating from electricity, it is necessary to stretch a dedicated power cable from the switchboard.
• For autonomous electric heating, it is necessary to install a residual current device (RCD) or a differential machine. They are designed to protect against damage in case of current leakage to the body of electrical appliances. This is especially true if the circuit is assembled from metal pipes.
• In order to save as much as possible on electricity consumption when using it at night grace hours or at weekend rates, it is recommended to install a multi-tariff meter.

Some nuances of installation work on the installation of an autonomous heating system for an apartment

All work related to the reconstruction of the heating system in the apartment is carried out only by specialists of companies that provide heat supply to the housing stock. The task of the masters will be the following actions:

• Temporary shutdown of house central heating mains.
• Cutting the heating circuit or heating radiators from the risers with the subsequent restoration of the integrity of these risers.
• Connecting a closed circuit of an apartment to a gas or electric heater.
• Testing the installed system.

These rules are in place to ensure the safety of both the owners of a particular apartment and the residents of the entire building.

On your own (with your own hands or with the invitation of experienced plumbers) you can install pipes and install heating batteries if you plan to completely change the circuit. This is usually done after cutting off the radiators in the rooms from the risers. It is worth taking on such work if you have good skills in conducting plumbing installation operations. At the same time, the assembly of a new heating circuit is carried out strictly according to the scheme attached to the design documents, with strict observance of the specification and all other parameters of the system being created.

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Before you decide to reconstruct the heating and hot water supply in the apartment, refusing the services of centralized heating in favor of autonomous heating, you need to carefully consider all the points. In addition, it is recommended to calculate the cost of arrangement and the possibility of savings in the operation of an autonomous system. After weighing all the pros & cons, you can make the final decision.

By the way, we should not forget that, alas, you still have to pay for general house heating. True, these amounts will be incomparably small compared to those that came earlier monthly and year-round.

You might be interested in knowing what is

Finally - a video in which the owner of the apartment, who has been using an autonomous gas heating system for more than a year, shares his vision of its advantages and disadvantages. learn from the link.

Video: Autonomous heating in the apartment - "pros" and "cons"

Evgeny AfanasievChief Editor

Publication author 19.08.2018

Modern city apartments have everything you need for a comfortable stay: heating, sewerage, water supply and sanitation. From point of view design features, centralized heating system - convenient. But, there are also disadvantages that encourage people to look for alternative ways to heat the room during the cold season.

Is it possible to install independent heating in the apartment?

Tenants of apartment buildings often think about how to abandon the state heat. But is it possible to install autonomous heating in an apartment?

To do this, the state must issue a number of permits. Arrangement of individual heating in the apartment is regulated nearby laws and normative-technical acts:

• Federal Law "On heat supply";
• Articles 26 and 27 of the Housing Code;
• Government Decree No. 307.

The complexity of the situation lies in the fact that permission for individual heating in an apartment can only be obtained with the consent of local authorities. The opinions of neighbors are also taken into account, and these are tens and hundreds of people. Municipalities meet residents halfway if they refer to Federal legislation and present arguments for the need to connect individual heating.

What makes tenants take this step?

Every time when heating tariffs increase, a number of residents think about switching to autonomous heating. Despite the considerable expenses for the implementation of such a reorganization of housing, the money invested is returned in a short time.

But besides the inflated tariffs, there are other reasons for switching to autonomous heating:

• unreasonably high cost of space heating services;
• heating is of poor quality, it is not enough to maintain a comfortable temperature in the home in cold weather;
• the need to use additional heat sources, which increases the cost of paying for services;
• due to the inconvenient location of the apartment, more heat is required (for example, the apartment is corner or located on the ground floor);
• depending on the timing of the beginning and end of the heating season. In autumn, tenants are cold, and in spring they suffer from heat and at the same time also pay for the service;
• the need to maintain a comfortable temperature in the room at any convenient time;
• willingness to pay only for actually consumed heat;
• if you need to leave the city, autonomous heating is simply turned off, without having to pay for a service that you did not use.

Advantages and disadvantages of individual heating

The procedure for switching to autonomous heating has both advantages and disadvantages. They should be considered in more detail in order to weigh the pros and cons, and make a decision.

Advantages:

• Saving. Residents who switched to autonomous gas heating, declare that their expenses for heating an apartment have decreased by about 7 times;
• Independence from the established dates for the beginning and end of the heating season;
• The ability to set the desired mode and adjust the temperature at your discretion. Modern systems allow you to set the time intervals in the settings when the temperature in the room will drop (for example, everyone at school or at work), and when it will rise by several degrees (in the evening, at night, when all residents are at home). This allows you to save additional money;
• Uninterrupted supply of hot water;
• The ability to choose any battery, as there is no possibility of water hammer.

TO shortcomings include the following:

• High cost of equipment;
• Dependence of modern equipment on power supply;
• The need to install a new heating circuit;
• The need for arranging a suitable exhaust duct.

Getting permission

For obtaining a permit for the arrangement of individual heating in a room, they apply to the district administration, in particular, to the interdepartmental commission responsible for the use of the housing stock. Authorized employees consider the sanction and give an answer within one and a half months after the date of application. You can also find a list of required documents there.

It is worth noting that obtaining a permit varies depending on which type of autonomous heating you choose: electric or gas.

At switching to electric individual heating is sufficient:

• Submit an application for refusal of centralized heating;
• Obtain consent from authorized bodies;
• Submit a written request for the installation of autonomous heating in the apartment to the district branch of the network.

For arrangement gas boiler a number of requirements are required:

• Submit an application to the gas industry;
• Contact the fire brigade to obtain a document on the health of the ventilation and chimney;
• Obtain written permission from the neighbors to install individual heating in the apartment. This is important because the refusal of a number of residents from centralized heating leads to system failures;
• It is necessary to find out who has pipes and batteries at their disposal. If the household is responsible for their serviceability, you will need to ask permission from the residents. If they are in charge public services, an application is submitted with a request to disable them;
• Contact the city heating network to obtain permission to draw up and approve an individual heating scheme.

Having received permission and certificates in hand, they proceed to dismantle the old system and install individual heating in the apartment. In practice, it takes from 3 to 6 months to draw up documents and obtain a permit.

The gas utility may refuse to install the boiler if the technical characteristics of the system are not designed to provide the required pressure. In this case, pay attention to other sources of heating.

A technical passport and a diagram indicating the installation location of the boiler are provided to the gas facilities. After the approval of the boiler selected for installation and after the terms for its installation have been agreed, you can proceed directly to the installation of the individual heating system.

Only employees of companies supplying gas have the right to connect individual heating in an apartment. They also have the appropriate permission for such work. It is not recommended to engage in self-assembly of the system in order to avoid litigation.

Required documents

Installing your own heating system refers to the refurbishment of a dwelling. List of required papers includes the following:

• An application made in a special form;
• Documents establishing the right to own housing: a certificate of state registration, an act of transfer to ownership, a donation agreement, a document on the right of inheritance, etc.;
• If the apartment is in shared ownership, certified copies for each owner, and a statement with the signatures of all owners;
• A copy of the technical passport of the premises;
• In the case of public housing, the consent of the family members of the tenant and tenants is required apartment building. The document is drawn up in the form of minutes of the meeting of apartment owners;
• If the house is an architectural or historical value, they apply to the body responsible for the protection of architectural monuments, which issues a conclusion on the possibility of redevelopment.

In addition to the above, there is also technical documentation:

• Redevelopment project for the installation of a gas boiler. Includes gasification of the premises and changes to the central heating system;
• A copy of the passport for the electric boiler;
• An agreement confirming the permission of the maximum power that exceeds the capabilities of the boiler (electric);
• TU for disconnecting the wiring in the apartment from the common house heating system;
• TU ventilation;
• Specifications for supplying gas networks.

So, where can a tenant get the necessary documents? Collecting the required certificates can take a lot of time and effort, as you have to apply to various organizations:

• To obtain permission to turn off the apartment from the centralized heating system, they turn to the city heating network. The organization issues a refusal in the event that the removal of radiators will lead to a malfunction of the equipment in neighboring apartments;
• To obtain technical specifications for the installation of a gas installation, a gas service gives. Apply to the district housing office;
• The design organization is contacted for a conversion plan. The document should contain information about the future system, technical solutions, calculations;
• Next, it is necessary to coordinate the redevelopment project with organizations from which technical specifications were obtained, with the fire service and SES authorities.

The end of the official registration of the autonomous heating installation will be the receipt of the acceptance certificate. The document is obtained when all the installation work new system completed.

Installation sequence

Some tenants refuse central heating in an apartment building. Those wishing to install individual heating will have to comply room requirements established by law:

• Room parameters: area - from 4 sq. m., ceiling height - from 2.5 m.;
• Door size - at least 80 cm wide;
• The room should have a natural light source, at least 1 window;
• It is forbidden to place heaters or a gas stove near the boiler. The minimum distance between them is from 30 cm;
• The boiler is installed only on a load-bearing wall;
• To fix the heater on the wall, select a place. The distance from the floor is at least one and a half meters.

When carrying out individual heating, it is necessary to follow the instructions for handling the units. Gas boilers are installed only by employees of the gas service.

In practice, it is possible to carry out individual heating with your own hands, but only at the final stage. This is the installation of radiators and plumbing. But the installation of the boiler, the installation of auxiliary equipment, the supply of gas and the laying of risers are trusted by the employees of the gas service, or by specialists who have been accredited by them.

After the individual heating system is installed, it is checked for leaks. The recommended method (but also dangerous at the same time) is to fill the system with coolant. If there is a leak, the consequences are immediately eliminated. Basically, the leak occurs at the junctions of the radiator sections or pipes.

How is the heating fee calculated for individuals?

According to the decision of the Constitutional Court, adopted on December 20, 2018, the Government of the Russian Federation approved a new calculation procedure for heating, starting from December 28, 2018.

The resolution concerns 2 categories of homeowners: those who have installed individual heating meters and individual boilers for heating. Previously, the law did not provide for the calculation of payment for heat if not all owners had heat meters in the MKD.

Now the owner will pay separately for personally consumed heat and separately for heating common property, including basements, entrances, etc. For the total heat consumed, payment will be made according to the share in the common property.

According to the adopted amendments to the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners No. 354, changes have also been made to the Housing Code. They oblige when calculating the payment for heating to take into account the readings of individual heat meters.

So, all owners of apartment buildings who want to install individual heating can not worry about higher tariffs and unfair redistribution of heat payments.

Connection cost

To establish autonomous heating, it is necessary to raise a considerable amount. The cost consists of the following components:

• apartment size;
• selected materials;
• selected boiler;
• pipes;
• heating scheme: one-pipe or two-pipe.

For example, to install individual heating in an apartment in Moscow, you will have to spend at least 2,000 USD. e. The complexity and volume of work are taken into account.

But, subsequently, the savings in paying for housing and communal services will cover the costs. In the long run, you create the desired comfort in the apartment for less money.

Here you will learn about heating in an apartment building: installation scheme and installation of devices in the room, heating of common areas, how to make gas heating in one-room and two-room apartments.

Taking into account the cost of heat supply services, the most popular topic of discussion among the population today is their quality and options for getting rid of the "guardianship" of managing farms.

If you pay attention to the heating scheme of an apartment in multi-storey buildings, then it is almost the same everywhere:

1. At the thermal station, in special boilers, the coolant is heated (for multi-storey buildings it is water) to a temperature of +130 -150 degrees.
2. To avoid the formation of steam, it is further supplied through heating mains under high pressure to residential buildings (you can learn more about it on our website).
3. Gate valves are mounted at the entrance of the heating main pipe to the house, allowing you to control the level of water supply to its heating circuit.

The further distribution of the coolant depends on how the heating of the apartment building (residential) is connected, that is, which name:

IMPORTANT! It is on a two-pipe system that you can set and control the heating temperature of radiators. If necessary, it can be reduced, creating significant savings. By the way, a circulation pump will also help save money. About how to choose it correctly and about the principle of operation.

As the practice of recent decades has shown, centralized heating in an apartment has ceased to be a “verdict”, since it has become possible (not for everyone!) to switch to individual heating of housing (read more on our website). In addition, with the help of it it will be possible to carry out heating in the bathroom. Seems like an ideal option, read more about it in the next section.

Heating system

Many residents of high-rise buildings dream of equipping an apartment with their own boiler room or, abandoning the central heating of an apartment in Moscow. According to the law, if the heating system in the house allows it, then the apartment owners can start the refusal procedure (find out on our website). It is important to know how to conduct heating in the apartment and what conditions must be met.

Before thinking about what type of heating to install in an apartment, you need to collect all the necessary documents in order to dismantle the old equipment. Among them, there should be not only a registration certificate, documents for ownership and an application, but also a new project for installing heating in an apartment.

The latter should be drawn up only after the conclusion of the commission that the apartment can be transferred to autonomous heating without causing damage to the rest of the residents of the house and the centralized heating system as a whole.

IMPORTANT! The refusal procedure can take several months, so you need to be patient, and while walking around the offices, think about how to properly heat the apartment.

Individual heating has its advantages:

1. Creation of the necessary microclimate.
2. Regulation of heat supply and its quality.
3. Turning on the system when you really need it.
4. Ideal option for heating corner apartments.

But at the same time, one should not forget that although you will no longer have to deal with public utilities, no one is exempted from paying for heating common areas in an apartment building.

Heating option for a two-room apartment (scheme):

Heating of common areas

Heat in the entrances is another burden on the wallets of consumers. Since the stairwells, technical floor, basement or attic are part of a centralized heating system, the heat they receive must be paid for.

Unfortunately, there is often a situation when the batteries in the entrance are warm, but it is cold in it. This is due to the fact that no one took care of reducing heat loss. Poor closing entrance doors, the lack of glass in the windows of the entrance, all this "eats" the heat, for which the residents themselves have to pay.

In order for the heating to work effectively in the entrance of an apartment building, employees of the heating network should monitor it. IN high-rise buildings batteries are located on the first floor and on all subsequent staircases in special niches.

If the system is outdated, then the heating service is obliged to replace it at its own expense, as well as to carry out other work in preparation for the winter season:

• insulate windows and balcony doors;
• replace broken glass;
• insulate the attic, if any, and the pipeline;
• check the heating system before starting it;
• repair the entrance doors and insulate them.

In the event that such work is not carried out and it is cold in the entrance, the tenants have the right to file a complaint against the management company and demand a recalculation for the general house heating.

Basements

As a rule, initially basements in apartment buildings were planned as a place where all nodes of thermal and water communications are collected, ventilation takes place here and the central sewerage of the building is located.

Currently, basements are often rebuilt as cafes, gyms or shops. The heating of the basement of an apartment building is part of a centralized system, which must be supervised by heating network technicians. So that it does not become a "black hole" in the budget of the house, it should be carefully insulated and this should be done, as in the entrance, by the service - the heat supplier.

Residents of the building have the right to check how well the work was done., since it is they who pay all the costs for heat, regardless of whether a common house meter is available or not.

Apartment heating

An apartment with apartment heating is an innovation in new buildings. This term means that the house will not be connected to a centralized heating system.

Such houses began to appear more and more often for several reasons:

1. The builder saves a lot, since he does not need to draw up a project, coordinate it with the heating network, conduct communication and mount it.
2. Clients also like this approach of developers. Housing prices are much lower, independence from public utilities and the ability to independently choose how to heat, all this makes the apartment more attractive.

IMPORTANT! Autonomous heating is currently a privilege not only for residents of new buildings, but also for old high-rise buildings. Although obtaining permission is troublesome and sometimes difficult, any owner can insist on his right to decide how to heat his home, even through the courts.

In many modern new buildings, heating is installed in advance in a double-circuit apartment, which is included in its price. This somewhat limits the choice of customers, but on the other hand, gas heating has its advantages.

Heating in the apartment: gas

According to today's statistics, gas is still the cheapest type of heating in the country, and if we compare the prices for centralized heating and autonomous gas, then the latter is 3 times cheaper with the same indoor air heating.

Installing gas heating in an apartment building has the following advantages:

The gas heating device in apartment buildings has a couple of significant drawbacks:

1. Dependence on the supply of electricity. If there are frequent power outages in the region, then there is a chance to freeze in winter.
2. The high cost of the system and its installation, although its subsequent operation will more than return all investments.

Before deciding to switch to autonomous gas heating, you should consult with representatives of the heating network and a lawyer, since this type of heating is not allowed in all multi-storey buildings and regions.

Heating in the apartment - photo:

Heating from polypropylene

Modern technologies do not stand still, and when replacing metal pipes, consumers increasingly prefer polypropylene.

Even a beginner can rebuild the heating in an apartment with his own hands from polypropylene, having the equipment necessary for this.

This type of pipe has its advantages:

1. They have a high level of thermal insulation, which gives additional safety when the coolant is too hot.
2. Polypropylene pipes are practically not subject to chemical, mechanical and corrosive influences.
3. It is easy to work with this material, it is enough to have a special soldering iron on hand.
4. This type of pipe is not afraid of temperature changes and easily tolerates freezing of the heating system.

IMPORTANT! When deciding to install, for example, independent heating of a 2-room apartment using polypropylene pipes, it must be remembered that they are not compatible with all heat sources. Most often they are installed when installing gas or.

Based on the above, the following conclusion can be drawn:

As for heating in the toilet in the apartment, the following option is possible here - installing a warm infrared floor.

A very important question is also about what are they and why use them? Find out in detail on our website.

Heating in an apartment building in modern world- This is a choice that each tenant decides for himself.

The presence of central heating in the apartment is, of course, convenient, since the owners "do not have a headache" in this regard. But, unfortunately, it is not always practical, since the temperature in the rooms begins to directly depend on the thermal regime established in the common boiler room. In addition, such a system is not immune from emergencies that may occur in any area. her length, as a result of which the entire house is often turned off from heating. A lot of difficulties also arise during the periods of the "off-season", when early cold snaps are ahead of planned the beginning of the heating season, or, conversely, the batteries are heated when the weather is too warm outside.

Despite violations of temperature regimes and temporary shutdowns of the house from heating, payment for it remains unchanged, which absolutely not beneficial ordinary users. Therefore, in recent years, a trend has been gaining momentum, when more and more owners of apartments in high-rise buildings resort to installing autonomous heating systems.

Those who decide to “separate” usually have numerous questions related to the various nuances of this procedure. Therefore, it will be further considered individual heating in an apartment building - necessary documents and installation rules for him.

Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous heating in an apartment

Before deciding on such a radical replacement, it is necessary to evaluate all the pros and cons of an individual heating system.

So, Benefits availability of an autonomous heating system are as follows:

• The possibility of heating the apartment in the off-season, when the central system is not yet turned on or already turned off, in accordance with the established regional standards, which are based on the ambient temperature, during these seasons it is very unstable and with large daily fluctuations.
• The ability to support the required temperature regime in rooms, which is much more difficult to organize with central heating, since it does not take into account the location of the apartment and the degree of its insulation. Probably, it is not necessary to explain that the apartments located inside the house, and the corner ones, and even substituted for the prevailing winter winds, still require a differentiated approach to heating. However, to balance consumption spending, payment for warmth is charged in the same way, usually based on the area of ​​​​the apartment.

Therefore, by installing autonomous heating in apartments, you can and should immediately take into account the specifics of the location of the rooms, getting both a comfortable microclimate in any of them, and considerable savings in money.

• Autonomous heating can be easily adjusted to individual operating modes. For example, it makes no sense to drown "to the full" if at the moment all the tenants are absent. It would be more logical to only maintain the required level of heating. But by the time the owners arrive, the automation will “catch up” with heat so that the rooms have the optimum temperature.

Many modern systems management, in addition, are able to independently respond to changing weather conditions. They can also be controlled remotely using GSM or IP communication channels.

• The reduction in operating costs will also occur due to significantly lower energy consumption, since modern gas or electric equipment is designed for optimal energy consumption - they have high efficiency rates approaching 100 percent.
• When installing, it is quite possible to refuse from the central hot water supply system, providing your family with hot water autonomously. This means that an apartment equipped with such a unit will not depend on hot water maintenance during the summer, and there will always be hot water in it.

• Another category of advantages is the fact that you have to pay for central heating in the summer, as it requires constant maintenance. By installing an autonomous heating option, payments will be made only by gas (or electric) meter, that is, it will be possible to directly control energy consumption and the cost of heating and hot water supply, analyze and find ways to further save.

However, there are considerable difficulties in transferring an apartment to individual heating, and they can be attributed to shortcomings its arrangement:

• All work must be carried out legally and in compliance with all the requirements necessary for this process. Unauthorized reconstruction, firstly, will not save you from paying utility bills for heating and hot water supply. And secondly, it also threatens with a serious administrative punishment in the form of a rather large fine.
• There will be difficulties associated with the preparation of documentation for disconnection from central communications, the development of a project, as well as obtaining permission to install equipment.
• It will be necessary to allocate or equip a room with a proper ventilation system for the installation of a heating unit.
• Installation of the system belongs to the work of a rather high category of complexity.
• Considerable costs will be required, both in the preparation of documents and in the acquisition of everything necessary for the arrangement of autonomous heating and hot water supply. And this is without taking into account the installation work.
• All responsibility for carrying out operational and preventive measures, as well as for the safety of the system, lies entirely with the owner of the apartment. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that all the above processes related to autonomous heating will be controlled by the relevant specialized organizations, whose representatives the owner of the apartment will have to provide access to the installed equipment.

However, even taking into account all the upcoming difficulties and significant initial costs, an autonomous heating system is in all respects much more profitable than central heating and hot water. In practice, it will quickly pay for itself and will serve reliably for many years.

A package of necessary documents for "autonomization"

In order to organize autonomous heating in an apartment, you will have to do some redevelopment, and this, as you know, is a fairly labour intensive. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the execution of permits can take from three to five months, and installation work - about a week. In this regard, the preparation process must begin in advance.

Preliminary approvals and obtaining permits

So, the first step is to decide on the documents that will be required in order to start developing a project, purchasing equipment, and then installing an autonomous system. The list of documents approved by Art. 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "The basis for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of residential premises."

Any reorganization of the residential premises is carried out taking into account the established requirements and in agreement with the local authorities. For approval, it is necessary to collect a package of documents, which includes standard constitutive documents for the ownership of this housing, which include the following:

• Application-petition for the reconstruction of housing. The application form is standard and approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
• Certificate of State registration of the right to own an apartment - this may be the right of inheritance or an agreement on the transfer of housing ownership. You will need a copy of the document certified by a notary.
• Technical passport for the apartment - a photocopy certified by a notary.
• The project of the redevelopment of the apartment, made in accordance with the established form.
• A certified copy of the document, which indicates all the persons registered in the apartment.
• Consent to the reconstruction of the heating system from all residents of the apartment. This document is drawn up on one sheet, which lists all the persons living in the apartment, and then they put down their signatures, confirming their consent.
• A document from an organization for the protection of architectural monuments, if the house where the reconstruction is planned belongs to the category of architectural monuments.

The applicant should remember that self-government bodies do not have the right to demand other documents that are not provided for in this article. After accepting the package with documentation for consideration, the applicant must be issued a receipt of receipt, with a list of accepted documents.

Consideration and decision on consent or refusal should be carried out no later than through 45 days from the date of submission of documentation. The document developed by the commission must be issued to the applicant no later than 3rd working days after the decision.

According to the norms and rules for the technical operation of housing, which are approved by the State Construction Committee of Russia No. 170 of 27. 09.03. , a refusal to redevelop or reorganize the residential premises may follow if these actions worsen the living conditions of all or individual residents of the building where the applicant’s apartment is located.

However, that's not all. The list of documents indicates a redevelopment project, which must be approved by the controlling organizations of gas and heat supply, since permission must be obtained to disconnect from the central heating system and install gas equipment. And after obtaining such permits, a project for redevelopment and installation of an autonomous system is drawn up, which must be agreed with the relevant authorities.

Therefore, it is necessary to prepare all the above documents, since they will have to be presented in all organizations that directly affect the drafting of the project. Documentation is done in the following order:

• The first organization you need to contact is the city or district heating networks. It is there that they give permission to turn off the heating circuit of the apartment from the central heating system. Consent can be issued if the shutdown does not lead to disruption of the engineering equipment of nearby apartments or the entire house as a whole. In principle, there can be no other reasons for refusal.

If an unreasonable refusal is received from this organization, then this is a reason to apply to the courts. It should be noted that sometimes an application for disconnection is submitted through the self-government organization of the housing stock.

• Then, with the letter of consent received, you must contact the gas service of the district or city for technical specifications for the installation of autonomous heating. This document must be issued within 10 days from the date of the applicant's application.
• After receiving the technical specifications, taking all the documentation for the apartment, you can go to the design or energy organization that is involved in the preparation of such projects. If the boiler was purchased before the drafting of the project, and it meets all the requirements for installation in an apartment of a multi-storey building, then documentation for it should also be submitted to the design organization. The project will be prepared taking into account the technical conditions provided.

Most of the requirements imposed by regulatory organizations, including the gas service, are spelled out in the document "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", paragraph 6.2 "Individual heat supply systems" SNiP 41 - 01-2003.

To free yourself from going to all instances, you can entrust the execution and approval of all necessary documents to the design organization. In some regions of Russia, this function is taken over by the gas service. Naturally, all this additional work is carried out for a fee.

Autonomous heating project

Separately, it must be said about the project for the reconstruction of heating. First of all, before contacting specialists who will perform design work, you need to carefully study the technical conditions used in the preparation of the project, and it is desirable to draw up a preliminary sketch of the approximate location of the heating elements.

Its exact location can be determined after specialists study the plan of the apartment, which is in the technical passport.

So, the project is a necessary document when carrying out any reorganization of a dwelling. Based on it, a new heating circuit and a heating boiler will be installed. How correctly and accurately this document will be drawn up, and then, according to it, the equipment will be installed, how efficiently it will work.

The project includes data on external and internal factors that determine the type of heating:

• The climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
• Engineering and technical characteristics of the building.
• Available energy carriers on which the heating system can operate.
• Technical characteristics of heated housing - the number of rooms, the presence of loggias, as well as the area and volume of the premises.
• The financial side of the issue.

Based on these data, not only the installation site of the heating unit is selected, but also its type, as well as power.

To make heating efficient and economical, it is recommended to entrust the development of its project to specialists. This stage is best handled by energy companies that themselves control or interact with organizations approving the heating sector, with whom the project will subsequently be coordinated, which will accurately ensure the correctness of its preparation, and hence approval.

To get a positive result and an optimal technical solution, the customer must work closely with the organization that develops the project. In the process of creating a project, several options are usually considered. The customer chooses the one that suits him the most, after which the technical parameters of the unit and all the necessary equipment are determined. The project is being developed in several stages:

• If the customer did not provide his own version of the sketch, then work begins with it.
• A heating circuit diagram is being developed, on the basis of which the system will be installed.
• Documentation for the designed heating system is being prepared.
• An estimate is being made.

If this work is entrusted to professionals, then at each specific stage of project development, specialists in the field of heat supply, ventilation, architecture, as well as energy supply will participate in it.

The project consists of several parts, which present certain data from different aspects of the project:

• Descriptive part gives information about the content and significance of the project. This section of the document, in turn, is divided into several paragraphs, where the following technical data is located:

- the location of the apartment or house, if it is planned to mount it in the private sector;

- the location of residential premises and features of the layout.

In the descriptive section of the document, the data on the technical characteristics of the premises are specified, taking into account their location and the climatic features of the region where the building is located. This description is necessary in order to determine the types and types of heating equipment. This information will subsequently be used to carry out calculations and determine the power that the heating system should have, as well as the temperature parameters in the apartment.

• Technological calculations - this is the main part of the project, which summarizes the parameters of the volume of the required energy carrier when the unit is operating in different modes, as well as the optimal temperature of the coolant, which provides the necessary heating of the apartment's rooms. It is especially important to determine the power of the heating and hot water supply boiler, since on the basis of these calculations a selection of equipment and components for it is made.

In the same part, heat losses during space heating are calculated, on the basis of which it will be possible to draw conclusions about the efficiency of the system.

The calculated parameters will also show how appropriate this or that wiring and the type of connection of radiators to the system circuit. The calculations also include the use of automatic control devices in the heating system.

Further, all the data obtained is necessarily reflected in the scheme of the heating system, which will become a guide for the installers during the work. Deviations from the scheme developed by specialists and approved can lead to a failure to put the system into operation, which is allowed by the selection committee.

• Specification . This section contains data on the main materials and elements of the heating system, and their main technical characteristics. This part of the project also includes a diagram of the heating system with marked nodes and devices listed in the list.

This information is key to calculating the hydrostatics of the system, as well as the required heating temperature. If these calculations are carried out incorrectly, then the system will be inefficient, and the gas flow will be exceeded.

• Graphic image - this is an important section of the project, which visually represents how the overall design of the heating system will look like. This part of the project is carried out with the help of special computer programs, most often in three-dimensional projection.

When submitting an application for the development of a project, it is necessary to clarify for specialists the reasons for switching to an autonomous type of heating. The more justifications there are, the more accurate the calculations will be, since specialists will know what to pay special attention to when carrying out them.

A copy of the project documents must be submitted to the gas company, which will continue to service the installed equipment.

Gas boiler for autonomous heating of an apartment

When drawing up a project, experts will offer options for boilers that can be used for installation in an individual apartment heating system. However, you need to independently study some information related to the choice of the unit.

First of all, it is worth referring to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of 16. 04.12. , which considers the connection of heat supply systems. This resolution provides a list of heat and power devices that do not meet the established requirements, and therefore are prohibited for installation in apartments of multi-storey buildings. After studying this document, it will be possible to immediately decide which devices of which designs cannot be installed in an autonomous heating system of an apartment.

So, the list of boilers that can be used in apartments of multi-storey buildings includes units that operate on natural gas and meet the following requirements:

• Having a closed (sealed) combustion chamber.
• Mandatory availability of automatic shutdown of the fuel supply in the event of a power outage, extinction of the burner flame, if there are malfunctions in the protection circuit, with insufficient pressure inside the system, which may fall below the limit value, when the coolant is heated above the limit temperature, as well as in case of malfunctions in the flue system .
• With an allowable coolant temperature in the system not higher than 95˚.
• The coolant pressure is not more than 1 MPa.

In addition, boilers are single-circuit, used only for heating an apartment, and double-circuit, designed for both heating and water heating. When applying and collecting documents, this factor should also be indicated. This is due to the fact that the heating networks must give consent to disconnect the apartment not only from heating, but also from the hot water system.

Next, you need to decide on the design of the heating unit, as it can be wall or floor. For installation in a modern apartment, the wall-mounted version of gas equipment is most often chosen, since such boilers are compact in size and quite aesthetic design, reminiscent in appearance. Since the chimney from the heating boiler must go outside, it will be convenient to place it on an external wall, with this installation there will be no problems with the location of the pipe in the room. As a rule, there is a window on the outer wall, which will solve the problems with the ventilation of the room. Usually, the power of a wall-mounted boiler is sufficient to heat a standard apartment with proper wall insulation and the presence of euro windows with double-glazed windows.

Rooms in the apartment where a gas boiler can be installed

Separately, a few words must be said about the room for installing a gas boiler, since it cannot be placed in any room, according to the preference of the owners.

The room for the placement of gas heating equipment must meet certain safety requirements, which include the following:

• Do not install gas equipment in a residential area.
• The area of ​​the room should not be less than 4 square meters.
• The entrance door to the room with the installed boiler must be at least 800 mm wide.
• The room should be equipped with a window facing the street.
• The boiler is mounted on the wall or installed on the floor, at a distance, which must be at least 300 mm from other gas equipment, such as a gas stove.
• Indoors, it is necessary to find the possibility of output to the street, that is, through the wall. The outlet of the pipe into the general house ventilation duct is not allowed.
• Some heating units require forced ventilation in the room, that is, you will have to install an exhaust fan on the window. This will be specified in the specifications.
• A wall-mounted boiler must be fixed to a wall built of non-combustible material, and for a floor boiler it is necessary to make fire-resistant flooring, for example, lay ceramic floor tiles.

Without fulfilling these requirements, the commission signing the acceptance certificate will not give its consent to the commissioning of an autonomous heating system.

Based on the characteristics of the room, we can conclude that the unit can be installed in the kitchen or in a pre-insulated loggia combined with it. Since the gas boiler is tied to the main energy supply pipeline, which is connected to the kitchen room of the apartment, it is this one that is optimal for the location of the heating unit.

In addition, the kitchen is necessarily equipped with a window facing the street and a door of the required width. And, besides, a general house ventilation channel is connected to it, which is also necessary for placing an apartment "boiler room".

How to choose a gas heating boiler?

In order for the purchased boiler to fully meet the to its parameters of the created system heating, was reliable and easy to use, it is necessary to be guided by a number of criteria for evaluating such equipment when purchasing. - read in a separate publication of our portal.

Autonomous electric heating

The arrangement of electric heating is much simpler than gas heating. If only because there is a wider choice of where to install the boiler or other equipment, since the power supply is distributed throughout the apartments, and ventilation and exhaust systems for combustion products are not required.

When planning the installation of electric heating, first of all, you need to consult the institution of Energonadzor (or a similar organization). It is necessary to check the availability of resources in the house for the allocation of additional energy. If a written consent is received in this organization, then with it and with a request to disconnect the apartment from the centralized heat supply, it is necessary to contact the heating network service.

The list of other documentation should be clarified with the energy company and with self-government bodies. The fact is that when installing electric heating in different regions of the country, the requirements for its installation can vary significantly. The only thing to note is that the number of documents and approvals will be much less compared to the gas option for heating an apartment.

Thanks to modern technologies today you can choose one of two options for electric heating. One involves the use of a heating unit with a conventional piping for the circulation of the coolant. The second involves direct heating by separately installed devices or systems - electric convectors, infrared heaters, "" systems.

Heating using an electric boiler

The system using a coolant, that is, piping and radiators remain in place. But they are connected to an electric heating boiler, and the coolant will be heated from it, and not from the central heating main.

Most modern models of electric heating units are equipped with automatic control. Therefore, the system can be programmed in such a way that the heating of the premises to the required temperature indicators will not occur constantly, but only at the time set by the owners. You can save a lot on this function, for example, using a nightly reduced rate for “charging” heat accumulator.

Wall-mounted electric boilers are on sale, which can have a power of 5 ÷ 60 kW, as well as floor options, their power exceeds 60 kW.

Which one to choose, experts will tell you when submitting documents for drafting an electric heating system, in which there will be a diagram of its arrangement. The choice of the boiler will depend on the area and location of the apartment in the house, the degree of its insulation, the number of windows and balconies, as well as the frame material. Usually, when choosing the power of the boiler, they rely on the established technological standards, that is, 1 kW of electricity per 10 "squares" of area.

We must not lose sight of the fact that if a unit with a power exceeding 9 kW is purchased, then there will be a need to re-equip the apartment electrical network and install a three-phase meter. If it is planned to install a heating boiler of a larger capacity, then before purchasing it, it is necessary to consult and obtain written permission from the local energy company.

It should be borne in mind that household electric boilers are not designed for a large number of radiators, respectively, their installation is optimal for heating small areas, up to 80 - 90 m². In addition to the boiler, "warm floor" systems can be used, which consume electricity quite economically.

Electrical units operate according to a standard automatic heating system. The coolant (water or antifreeze) is heated, passing through the boiler, and then enters the heating circuit with radiators installed in it. Passing this path, the coolant cools down and returns to the boiler for heating, etc. In order for the circulation to be more intense and the radiators to warm up faster, a circulation pump is installed in the heating circuit.

Electric boiler, unlike gas equipment, can be installed in any utility room where it is convenient to draw a power line, and from where it will be easier to carry out the general wiring of the heating circuit pipes. Most often, a kitchen or a bathroom is also chosen for this. But sometimes it is also mounted in the corridor, sinking the wiring of the circuit pipes into the wall surfaces.

What is an electric heating boiler?

The variety of such devices is quite large, and, not only in terms of size, power and other operational parameters, but even in terms of the principle of heating. Read more about this in a special article on our portal dedicated to.

Direct space heating with electrical appliances

Heating using separate electrical appliances or underfloor heating, which can be combined or operated separately, is called a direct heating system.

This option is preferable to choose if there is a desire to get rid of numerous pipes and volumetric radiators, since, for example, electric convectors have a more aesthetic appearance and compact size. The "warm floor" system can be cable rod or film - but in any case, it is generally invisible to the eye.

When combining individual devices into a single system, it is possible to connect it to a common control unit, with the help of which the temperature regimes are set by time of day and by day of the week, taking into account the daily routine of the family.

When choosing any type of electric heating, for safety reasons, it is necessary to provide grounding, without which a permit to put the system into operation will not be issued.

The advantage of electric heating is that it is safer than gas heating. And compared to the central system, it can be easily and very accurately regulated, setting the required temperature.

The main disadvantage of the electrical system is that in the event of a power outage, the apartment will be left not only without lighting, but also without heating. Therefore, if in a particular locality this phenomenon is repeated with frightening constancy, then it is better to opt for autonomous gas heating of an apartment. In addition, the obvious "minuses" include very high tariffs for electricity.

Features of the arrangement of electric heating are the observance of certain conditions that are not provided for the gas version of heating. So, experts recommend:

• Conduct for electric heating system from distribution shield a separate power cable, which stabilizes the load on the general house electrical network.
• RCD systems are installed today in all apartments of new buildings equipped with an autonomous electric heating. If it is not there, then you will have to attend to the acquisition of such a block. This - reliable protection against electric shock when it leaks to the instrument case.
• It is highly desirable to install a two-tariff meter, which will help save money if the heat supply to the premises takes place during preferential hours.

Devices and systems for direct space heating - what to choose?

The variety of such devices is extremely wide. With you can get acquainted in a special article of the portal. Another publication will describe in detail the varieties and specific features various systems.

Installation of an autonomous heating system

Disconnecting the apartment from the central heating and hot water supply lines, as well as installing a gas and electric boiler, is carried out only by specialists from energy companies who have a special documented permit to carry out such work.

Such rules have been introduced to comply with all safety conditions both during installation and during the operation of the equipment. We must not forget that in an apartment building there are many neighboring apartments with people in them. Don't put your life and theirs in danger.

You can take on the laying of pipes and the arrangement of heating radiators, the installation of other necessary elements of the system. But even then - only if you have good skills in conducting such operations.

In this publication, dwelling on the installation order does not make much sense. The fact is that with all the details it is set out in a special article of the portal.

The nuances of installing a water heating system

Whether a gas boiler is installed, or an electric one, otherwise the wiring of the pipe circuit, the installation of radiators, additional appliances and parts are almost the same. How it is carried out in a house or apartment - to the appropriate detailed instructions the recommended link will take you.

Before deciding to abandon centralized heating and hot water supply, it is necessary to weigh all the positive and negative aspects of autonomous heating of the apartment. And only after such a comparison and a thoughtful analysis - to start collecting documents.

One more small clarification. It may also happen that, having disconnected the apartment from heat supply and hot water supply, you still have to pay for general house heating. But these amounts will be quite miserable, compared to those that were indicated on a monthly basis in the payment order earlier.

And in conclusion - a short video that will also help weigh all the "pros" and "contras" of an autonomous heating system in an apartment

Video: Advantages and disadvantages of an autonomous apartment heating system

When I was Soviet Union heating of apartments and even many houses of the private sector was carried out centrally. Heat was produced in boiler houses common to the group of buildings, or it was "removed" from the thermal power plant and numerous industrial enterprises located nearby as surplus. Then they warmed well, and cheap "state" heat was considered the norm. Few were dissatisfied. But a lot has changed since then. Now individual heating in an apartment building no longer seems so exotic. Why do people resort to this method of heating their homes? Can it be implemented at all?

What is apartment heating according to an individual scheme

First of all, do not confuse it with the apartment, which is now very popular in new buildings. Since in this case the systems are isolated from each other by means of distribution nodes, but heat is generated at a common heat point. Although it is usually not connected to public networks - it serves one or more buildings. Heating is considered individual when the apartment system is looped and supplied with thermal energy exclusively from a separate heat generator.

The question still remains, can it be called autonomous? Perhaps, with a big stretch, although they sometimes say so. After all, we need an energy source (gas or electricity), we need an outlet for the operation of the circulation pump and other devices, in the end, we will feed the system from a water pipe.

Scheme of individual heating of an apartment using underfloor heating

How does it work

Heat generator

According to statistics, our compatriots prefer water systems. This is a radiator heating or underfloor heating system. In most cases, double-circuit gas boilers are used for individual heating of an apartment. The choice of gas as the most profitable and convenient fuel is obvious. And an additional circuit for hot water supply is an excellent solution when there are also problems with hot water supply from public networks. Usually, high-tech wall-mounted models from leading world manufacturers are used, since there are few heat losses (due to the small quadrature, small area of ​​​​external enclosing structures), and large-capacity boilers are not needed.

A wall-mounted double-circuit boiler is installed in the kitchen and is hidden by an MDF structure, its coaxial pipe is led outside through the wall

Important! It is desirable that the heating device be equipped with a closed-type combustion chamber. Then it will be possible to do without a special “smoke” channel, and to remove combustion products (and supply air to the burner), use a coaxial chimney that can be led outside through the outer wall.

Another option is to use electricity. In apartments, heating elements, induction or electrode boilers. Convectors and heaters are often used, which heat the air directly in their heat exchangers. Recently, electric underfloor heating (film infrared elements, cable, rod) is gaining popularity as the main or additional source of heat.

Wiring

The scheme of individual heating of the apartment is extremely simple. The boiler is installed in the kitchen, from it along the floor (in the screed or in the voids of the frame of wooden floors) pipes are laid along the outer walls, where batteries are mounted under the windows. In most cases, two-pipe horizontal wiring is used. But given the small length of the main ring, single-pipe circuits are also in use, they are practically devoid of their main flaw here - insufficiently hot "extreme" radiators as a result of problems with balancing such systems. For technical and aesthetic reasons, the circulation of the coolant in the heating circuit is carried out using pumping equipment. Pipes use polypropylene with aluminum / fiberglass reinforcement, sometimes made of cross-linked polyethylene, metal-plastic or copper. Steel, including stainless steel, is rapidly losing ground.

Beam wiring diagram with two collectors

Important! Among apartment owners, the beam scheme is becoming popular. Unlike the tee wiring method, each heater has its own independent supply and return pipes. As a result, the consumer gets the opportunity to regulate the heat transfer of each battery separately, up to a complete shutdown (for example, to service the device).

Other devices to create a functional and safe system

As with the implementation of individual heating in a private house, the system will have to be provided with a standard set of auxiliary elements:

• expansion tank,
• circulation pump,
• safety group (emergency valve, air vent),
• feeding node,
• thermal accumulators for individual heating,
• control taps/valves,
• collectors,
• filters,
• automation (with the possibility of programming modes), etc.

Note! Modern wall boilers Sold with all the necessary components, so you do not have to buy additional materials. Accordingly, it becomes much easier to make individual heating in an apartment with your own hands.

Consumer features of individual heating for an apartment

Homeowners are looking to save money. The user gets the opportunity to independently choose the temperature regime, even stop the system if it gets warmer outside. The subscriber pays only for the actually used energy carriers, he is not interested in the level of heat losses on worn-out lines or exorbitant appetites of generating companies. Many consumers report significant reductions in their bills by 30 percent or more. True, this applies only to those who use main gas, and electric boilers for individual heating, unfortunately, do not give such bright prospects.

The owner of the apartment is free to set the temperature regime, which he considers comfortable for himself and his household, and for each room it may differ. Windows and blankets on radiators open in winter, as well as oil heaters in cold bedrooms, are a thing of the past.

Losing dependence on the heating plant, we become the owners of our own "economy". It’s good that we won’t have to sit without heat when the public utilities eliminate another gust on the highway, but we will have to monitor the performance of our heating system, carry out maintenance and repair of equipment. And also to respond in case of an emergency, for example, when the circuit is depressurized and the neighbors are flooded from below (there are no options here).

And let's also not forget that you need to invest in equipment and improved wiring. Getting approval to switch to individual heating is extremely difficult both from a legal and technical point of view.

With the help of control valves installed on the radiators, the required temperature is set in any room.

Why is it sometimes impossible to make individual heating in an apartment

If you wish to disconnect from district heating, be prepared to face a range of challenges. Firstly, you need to coordinate your decision with local governments, since such changes are considered “reconstruction of residential premises” (Housing Code of the Russian Federation, Article 25). To prove that the building will not suffer, including the appearance of the facade (a coaxial pipe often becomes a stumbling block), one will have to try hard. It is unlikely that it will be possible to do without a project, permission for reconstruction, acceptance and receipt of an act for commissioning, as well as the consent of the owners of other apartments. Often, the city authorities have ready-made lists of houses in which it is allowed to disconnect apartments from public networks, and where this is prohibited. Federal Law "On Heat Supply" No. 190 allows individual heating in an apartment building to be used only in cases where it is determined by the "heat supply scheme".

The following technical points may be the basis for refusing to transfer a separate apartment in an operated house to an individual heating scheme:

• Violation / misalignment of the scheme of the centralized heating system of the building with all the ensuing consequences.
• The appearance of an excess power reserve of the boiler house and its inefficient operation.
• Small volume of the room (up to 15 cubic meters) for the installation of a gas heat generator.
• Small flow capacity of the gas line.
• Insufficient allocated power for the operation of electric heat generators.

The situation is much simpler in new buildings or when all the apartments of the old house are transferred to individual heating. But even in this case, the possible damage to municipal heating networks is taken into account.

Video: the pros and cons of individual heating