Heating laying in the apartment. How to make an effective heating system in an apartment with your own hands. Equipment for autonomous heating of an apartment

Residents of apartment buildings often dream of individual heating for their apartment. The realization of this dream is quite realistic, but it requires patience and perseverance in going through all the instances for collecting documents for the reorganization of housing.

Autonomous heating in an apartment building allows you to avoid heat problems in the winter. You can maintain the desired room temperature throughout the year and not depend on "scheduled" (and "unplanned") outages of hot water. The consumer receives as much heat as he needs. This makes it possible to use energy resources in the most rational way and save good money.

Statistics show that the savings are doubled, when the water is heated - three times. Accordingly, a specific consumer spends two to three times less money on heating than with a centralized system, his costs for hot water supply are reduced three to five times.

Where to begin

We start with the legal framework. It is necessary to clearly know what the legislation says about disconnecting from the central heating system and installing an individual one. Often the local administration, referring to art. 190 FZ, refuses tenants. In court, such a refusal will be considered unfounded. In Russian legislation, in addition to Federal Law N 190 "On Heat Supply", there is Government Decree N 307 of 04/16/2012, considering the procedure for connecting heat supply systems. It contains a list of individual sources of thermal energy that do not meet certain requirements and are prohibited for this reason for installation in apartment buildings.

This means that the legislation does not prohibit the use of individual heating with the use of modern heating boilers that meet the specified requirements. This issue has already been considered by the courts of general jurisdiction. Refusal of local governments based on Art. 14 Federal Law "On Heat Supply", recognized as illegal.

Required documents

Thus, in order to refuse from the central heating service and switch to individual heating, it is necessary to collect a package of documents according to art. 26 LCD RF on the conversion of living quarters.

The package of documents includes:

conversion application;
technical passport of the premises;
documents of title for housing (originals or copies certified by a notary);
project of redevelopment of living quarters,
written consent of all family members;
the conclusion of the authorities for the protection of architectural monuments on the possibility of reorganizing the premises

Gas heating documentation

The management company, after considering the application, provides a letter of permission to disconnect your apartment from the central heating. This letter is required to order technical specifications (TU) for the installation of individual heating. If you plan to connect gas (install a gas boiler), you must address contacting the gas service.

Technical specifications are issued within ten days. In case of refusal due to lack of "technical capability", keep in mind that such an answer is permissible only in regions where there is no gas and it is not possible to purchase it in cylinders.

After purchasing certified boiler you should contact the design organization. She will prepare a project for the installation of the boiler, taking into account the technical conditions and capabilities.

Then a project is made to disconnect from central heating in a heat supply organization. The basis for this will be a letter from the HOA with permission to disconnect. It is important to get a written answer. With him, in case of disagreement, you can go to court.

Having received the project documentation, we go with it to the local branch of the All-Russian Voluntary Fire Society (VDPO). There you are given fire safety act project. If necessary, a project is made for the chimney.

Then all the documentation is approved by the administration. The conclusion on the approval (or refusal) is accepted within 45 calendar days. Refusal to reorganize the premises occurs on the basis of Art. 27 LCD RF (case of failure to submit all documents). The refusal can also be appealed in court.

This is the basic scheme of how to prepare a project and legalize the transition to autonomous heating. The list of all documents may differ in different regions. More accurate information will be given to you directly in the administration of your area.

How to make a calculation

will hold at correct installation heating systems. For this, it is necessary to accurately make all the calculations, which will depend on room area (S) and from boiler output (W) per 10 m². It is necessary to take into account the climatic features of the region. For example, for the Moscow region, the specific power is from one to one and a half kW; in the northern regions - from one and a half to two kW; in the southern regions - from 0.7 to one kW.

The power of the heating boiler is calculated using the formula: cat. \u003d S W beats. / ten. This simple calculation will help you choose the boiler you need for your apartment.

Heating calculation also depends on the scheme and type of heating system. The best option for an apartment is a two-pipe system. It is more complicated and more expensive than a one-pipe one, but the quality of heating will also be higher. All batteries, from first to last, will heat evenly. One pipe system only suitable for a small number of radiators.

Boiler selection

Having decided on the equipment capacity required for a particular room, we proceed to the choice of the type of boiler. He might be single-circuit (for heating only) or double-circuit(heating + hot water supply).

Next, we decide on the type of fuel. The main part of the expenses will be spent on it. Boilers are single fuel (operation on one type of fuel, for example, gas boilers or electric boilers) and combined type (combine work on different types of fuel, for example, gas and electricity, or gas, liquid fuel and electricity).

The last thing that must be taken into account when choosing a boiler is material of its manufacture, which affects the service life of the equipment. Boilers are often made of steel or cast iron. They are quite heavy, which makes them difficult to install, but they also have a long service life.

Individual gas heating is the most popular, since gas today is the most cheap fuel. A gas wall-mounted boiler with a closed-type combustion chamber, according to experts, is the best option for heating a home. It has a horizontal chimney system, thanks to which flue gases escape to the street.

The benefits of gas heating include:

multilevel security system;
the ability to use in a small apartment, since the boiler takes up little space;
silent work;
maintaining the required temperature in the room, regardless of gas pressure;
affordable price.

Heating an apartment with electricity can be either the main or additional heating method. The system is easy to install and easy to use, takes up little space. The installation of the boiler and pipes is affordable. Electric boilers are classified into floor and wall.

Heating with electricity is less in demand than heating with gas, but it is believed that in the near future this type of fuel will become the most popular. Electric boilers have their own advantages:

noiselessness;
hygiene;
compliance with technical and aesthetic requirements;
efficiency;
profitability;
the ability to select the desired mode for each room.

Pipe selection

Today's popular polypropylene pipes cannot always be installed in an individual heating system. Polypropylene working temperature - no more than 95 ° C.In solid fuel boilers, the outlet temperature of the coolant reaches more than 100 ° C. Therefore, if a solid fuel boiler is used in heating, then metal pipes will be the best option.

The number of pipes is affected by the wiring diagram. For a two-pipe system, more material will be needed than for a single-pipe system.

The nuances of choosing pipes for heating are discussed in this article:

Radiator selection

The most suitable option for autonomous heating - sectional batteries. The length of the radiator is affected heat transfer quality of one section, which, in turn, depends on the material of manufacture. One cast-iron section, for example, gives off 110 watts of heat, steel - 85 watts, aluminum - from 175 to 199 watts, the heat transfer of one section for bimetallic radiators is 199 watts.

To calculate the area heated by one section with a ceiling height of 2.7 m, you need divide the heat transfer rate of the section by 100. For example, a section of a cast iron battery heats 1.1 m². Depending on the size of the room, you can calculate the number of sections for the radiator.

Nuances that may be present when calculating the number of sections in a room:

in a corner room, or with an exit to the balcony, 2-3 sections are added;

After installing the heating system, it is necessary to check it for leaks. The most reliable, but also risky way to do this is fill the system with coolant. If the system is done incorrectly, a leak will occur, which will require elimination of its consequences. Leaks are mainly located in places section connections radiator or pipes.

Issue price

The cost of installing an individual heating system consists of the size of the apartment, the choice of materials, boiler, pipes, heating circuit (one-pipe or two-pipe). So, for example, in Moscow for the transition to individual heating will have to pay at least 2000 USD It all depends on the complexity and scope of work.

So, the installation of an autonomous heating system will significantly save money when paying for utility bills. At the same time, for less money, you can create the greatest comfort in your apartment.

Few of the apartment owners in a high-rise building are completely satisfied with central heating. Uncomfortable temperature, interruptions in the supply of heat and hot water, dampness and fungus in the premises. And most importantly, the high cost of utilities, the quality of which often leaves much to be desired. Do you agree?

There is an effective method of dealing with the listed negative - it is individual heating in the apartment. We will talk about the options for organizing it and how to bring the idea to life. The article presented by us describes in detail the schemes using various types of fuel, the features of the arrangement are given.

The desire to equip autonomous heating is quite understandable. Calculations show that the cost of heating and hot water supply should be significantly reduced. According to statistics, on average, they are reduced by two to three times for heating and four to five times for heating water.

The result is a significant amount. It is clear that you will have to spend money on the installation of equipment, on its maintenance and on the purchase of energy resources, but the costs will pay off.

Communal services are not at all interested in losing consumers of their services. Therefore, you need to be prepared for the fact that you will have to make efforts to implement your plans. First of all, you need to know exactly what the legislation says about autonomous heating in an apartment.

Very often, the owner of the apartment is denied disconnecting from the central heating supply, referring to the Federal Law No. 190 "On Heat Supply". However, this is unlawful, since there is a Government Decree No. 307, which was issued on April 16, 2012. It prescribes the procedure for connecting autonomous heating systems in multi-apartment buildings.

There is also a list of heat sources that are strictly prohibited for arranging autonomous heating in such houses. Therefore, it is allowed to equip individual heating with the condition of using modern safe equipment.

You must understand that before purchasing and installing equipment, you need to obtain permission to disconnect from the centralized system and permission to switch to individual heating of the selected type.

To do this, you will have to collect a significant package of documents and wait for a decision. Only then can you begin to rebuild the heating.

Autonomous heating for an apartment in a high-rise building is profitable and practical. However, to get the opportunity to equip such a system, you will have to try. You should start by collecting a package of documents

Features of individual heating of an apartment

When planning to switch to autonomous heating, you need to really assess your capabilities and understand that most of the options that are quite acceptable for private houses are impossible in a high-rise building. Immediately should be "swept aside" solid fuel and liquid fuel boilers of all varieties.

This is due to the fact that their uninterrupted operation requires a supply of fuel, which is unsafe in an apartment building.

Individual heating in an apartment can be arranged in different ways. There are certainly fewer options than in a private house, but it is quite enough to choose the most suitable system for existing conditions.

Besides, it is also extremely inconvenient. In this case, it is forbidden to use a warm water floor. It is only possible to install one of its electrical varieties.

You need to know that when arranging individual heating in a high-rise building, you will have to take into account not only your interests, but also the interests of other residents, who may be unhappy with some of the difficulties that arise as a result of your actions.

Thus, choosing the right heat source is very important. This is a crucial stage that determines, in fact, the success of the planned event.

Despite the limitations, there are many options for autonomous systems. First of all, it is gas-fired heating. Moreover, it should be taken into account that we are not talking about bottled fuel, but about connecting to the gas main.

The option with cylinders is not even worth considering, since it will cost much more than centralized heating, and it is extremely inconvenient. Heating on main gas is very economical and can work completely autonomously.

The best source of heat for one of the apartments in a high-rise building will be with a thermostat and electronic ignition. It will automatically maintain the most comfortable temperature and supply hot water.

If the apartment has enough free space, you should pay attention to the boiler with a boiler. This will stabilize the hot water supply.

Electric heating can also be installed in apartment buildings. It can be implemented in several versions, when electricity is used for direct heating, which is more expensive, or indirect.

A gas wall-mounted boiler paired with a boiler will certainly take up a lot of space, but this way it will be possible to ensure uninterrupted supply of hot water of the required temperature and in any volume

An electrically powered system can have a boiler, a heat pump as a heat source, and an electric cable floor as an energy transmitter, or.

The owner of the apartment can choose any suitable option or combine several. For example, underfloor heating and convectors. Let's consider in detail each of the possible ways of arranging autonomous heating.

Gas heating in the apartment

Such a system is a closed loop with a coolant circulating inside. A gas-fired boiler is used to heat the liquid. It can be one or two-circuit. It all depends on the needs of the people living in the apartment. As you know, gas boilers can be floor-standing or wall-mounted. For apartments, the second option is chosen.

These are compact, but powerful enough devices. For an apartment, choose a heater with a closed burner. Such devices do not take air from the room and do not require the arrangement of a traditional chimney system.

The latter is by no means always possible in an apartment building. Boilers with turbocharging need a special type of chimney, which is easy to equip.

What are the benefits of a gas heating owner? First of all, it ceases to depend on the timing of the heating season. The boiler is ready for use at any time and can be started as needed.

The fuel cost is relatively low. Compared to heating with electricity, for example, the operation of the boiler will be much cheaper. In addition, if you install and purchase a heating unit with, you will be able to save on its operation.

In new buildings with individual heating of apartments, the problem of removing smoke from a gas boiler can be solved in this way: the picture shows the pipes through which street air enters the burner. The smoke is discharged into the central chimney shaft

This is due to the fact that the automation will regulate the temperature in the rooms, selecting the most economical operating mode and turning off the equipment when the set temperature is reached. It will not be possible to do this "manually" with all the will.

The advantages include the compactness of gas heating equipment, its high efficiency and quite budgetary cost. There are also disadvantages to the solution. The most obvious ones are related to the potential danger posed by gas heating.

The owner of the apartment will be required to obtain a package of permits for. At the same time, you need to understand that it will be received only if the apartment fully complies with safety requirements. The purchased equipment must be certified.

Installation, connection and subsequent maintenance should only be carried out by specialists. In general, gas equipment should be handled extremely carefully and no amateur activity, whether it is a part made by yourself for the boiler or an independent repair of the device, is unacceptable here.

Gas equipment is considered potentially hazardous. It must be handled very carefully. Its maintenance, installation and repair should only be carried out by certified specialists.

The disadvantages include the volatility of the system, which will not work without electricity. Despite the shortcomings, practice shows that it is gas heating that is becoming the most frequent choice among apartment owners.

It allows you to get the maximum cost savings and at the same time get effective home heating. The possibility of parallel arrangement of DHW makes this solution even more attractive.

Electric heating direct heating

Direct heating assumes that electrical energy will be directly converted to heat. There are several options for such systems that are acceptable for an apartment.

Using convectors or radiators

Radiators powered by electricity are simple converters. The two electrodes are lowered into the electrolyte, which is mineral oil. The current, flowing through the liquid, heats it up. Considering that the boiling point of the oil is high and its heat transfer is very good, the radiator surface heats up in a short time.

To increase the heat dissipation of the device, its body is usually ribbed. The device can be controlled manually, for this a special regulator can be installed on the case, or automatically, which is possible only for programmable models.

The advantage of this heating method is the extreme simplicity of the arrangement. Oil radiators are simply placed in the desired areas. It is important that they have access to the power grid.

Electric convectors are more reliable and economical equipment compared to oil radiators

Nothing else is required. The devices heat up quickly, but cool down for a long time. They work completely silently and do not emit toxic substances. The devices are compact and attractive in design.

The main disadvantage of electric radiators is their high energy consumption, which is very disadvantageous for their owners. Electric convectors are considered a good alternative to radiators.

Their difference lies in the fact that the heating elements installed in the devices heat the air entering the body, which subsequently rises up and enters the heated room. Convectors are produced in wall and floor versions, which is very convenient for placing them in a room.

The advantages of the devices are about the same as those of radiators. The only thing is that they consume electricity more economically, but it still takes a lot of it.

Underfloor heating system

It consists of special heating mats or cables laid in the floor. When switched on, the devices convert electricity into heat, which is radiated from the entire floor surface.

This is a big plus, since the room heats up as evenly as possible. Temperature difference between lower and top the premises are minimal.

A heating mat, infrared film or a resistive cable shown in the photo can be a source of heat for arranging an electric underfloor heating

The system has built-in sensors that monitor the room temperature. As soon as it reaches a predetermined mark, the heating is automatically turned off and vice versa, when the temperature drops, the heating is turned on.

Thus, the system independently maintains the desired temperature. There is a possibility of implementing different scenarios, that is, it may be warmer in some rooms, and cooler in others.

Warm floors do not dry out the air, the humidity remains at a comfortable level. They are absolutely harmless to those living in the apartment. The system makes it possible to warm up rooms as quickly as possible.

They are quite simple to install, they can be laid on almost any base. Warm floors do not take up free space, do not spoil the interior, since there are simply no bulky radiators and pipes.

The service life of the system is from half a century or more. Let's talk about the disadvantages of warm floors. They are more economical than radiators and convectors, but still consume electricity.

And its consumption is quite large. It largely depends on the degree of insulation of the apartment, the desired heating temperature and other factors, so there are ways to save money. Such systems are often used as additional heating.

The resistive cable and heating mats are placed in a screed, so that the floor is slightly raised. This must be taken into account when planning a floor heating system.

However, in a small well-insulated apartment, it will work perfectly as the main one. The disadvantages include the rather high price of the equipment and its installation. You need to know that according to the rules, heating mats or cables are placed only in the screed. In addition, most likely, you will also need to replace the old unreliable wiring, which is also costly.

Infrared heating options

This type of individual heating in an apartment building is based on the use of infrared radiation. are surfaces assembled from a special film, laid on the floor or mounted on the ceiling.

In any case, an effective result will be obtained. When current passes through graphite paste applied to such a film, infrared radiation appears. The beams move until they meet a massive obstacle on their way. This can be the floor, ceiling or large pieces of furniture. Here they linger and begin to accumulate in the object that has delayed them.

Thus, the floor or furniture heats up and releases the previously received heat into the air, due to which the temperature in the room rises very quickly. The main advantage of infrared heating is the most comfortable temperature distribution for a person.

Infrared heating provides the most comfortable temperature distribution for a person. The figure under number 1 shows a diagram of the operation of convective heating, under number 2 - infrared

Wherever the infrared film is located, on the ceiling or on the floor, the bottom of the room will always be warmer than the top. This distribution, according to doctors, is ideal for human health.

By their nature, infrared rays are similar to thermal solar radiation, therefore they are completely safe for the body and even useful. This type of heating system is fully automated.

Sensors that control the temperature in the room are necessarily built into it. Based on their readings, the controller turns the system off / on.

This ensures that the heating always operates in the most efficient energy-saving mode. Considering that the film heats up the room very quickly, such a heater does not arrive very long in working order, about 10-15% of the total operating time.

Thus, IR films can be recognized as the most effective and economical. In addition, their use does not spoil the indoor climate. Air humidity remains unchanged. The question is considered in the article, which we advise you to read.

Such heaters do not make noise, do not emit toxic substances and are completely invisible in the interior. The film is mounted under the floor or ceiling covering, which does not affect its performance.

Infrared film can be floor or ceiling mounted. almost any coating can be laid on top of it

There are also infrared heaters, ceiling and floor type. But they are used exclusively for heating a specific area. IR films can be used for additional or main heating of an apartment.

Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the high price of the equipment, as well as the need for accurate calculations when arranging such a heating system. Otherwise, the costs of its maintenance may be prohibitive.

Water electric heating

It is a standard closed heating circuit, where the heating medium is heated by an electric boiler. This is very effective because the liquid heats up quickly.

The efficiency of such a system is determined by the type of boiler used. The most widespread heating element is the easiest to use and design.

They sink into the liquid and, when activated, quickly heat it up. The efficiency of such devices is relatively low; they consume a large amount of energy. The most vulnerable place of such devices is heating elements. They interact with and quickly fail.

A more reliable option is an electrode boiler. The coolant is pumped through the body of the device, inside which there are electrodes.

An induction electric boiler is very compact, but at the same time it has significant weight. Therefore requires strong fixings for wall mounting

When current flows, the liquid heats up quickly. The peculiarity of using such a boiler is the need for additional preparation of the coolant. Electrode devices are durable and reliable. In terms of electricity consumption, they are approximately equivalent to heating elements. The third option for electric boilers is induction. These are the most economical modern devices.

The equipment has two circuits - heat exchange and magnetic, due to which a redistribution of temperatures occurs and the liquid heats up as quickly as possible. The efficiency of such devices is very high. The devices are compact and easy to use. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the high cost of induction-type boilers and the difficulty in carrying out their adjustments.

Electric heating indirect heating

In this case, we are talking about different types of heat pumps. Electricity will only be used to operate equipment that extracts heat from the environment. Therefore, its consumption is relatively low.

It should be noted that the use of heat pumps is optimal only in areas with a mild climate, where winter temperatures are rather mild and there is no frost.

The heat pump “takes” heat from the environment. The principle of operation of such an air-to-air device is shown in the diagram

The best options for heating an apartment are considered to be air-to-air or air-to-water pumps. The first ones are close to air conditioners in their principle of operation, so they can be used in summer to cool air masses inside the room.

To obtain heat, the purchase and installation of expensive equipment will be required, but in the future the heat pump will justify itself. A unit of heat obtained in this way costs about the same as that obtained using a gas boiler.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Video # 1. The advantages of using autonomous heating in an apartment:

Video # 2. Advantages and disadvantages of individual gas heating:

Video # 3. How to equip electric heating in his apartment:

Autonomous heating of an apartment is a reasonable and practical solution that allows you to save significant amounts on heating your home. It is important to choose the right heat source for the apartment and correctly calculate the heating system.

In this case, problems with operation should not arise and the owner will only have to enjoy the warmth and his independence from the centralized system.

The harsh climate of our country dictates its own conditions for keeping warm in our homes. Most apartments today are connected to a central heating system. Most of the utilities are in a deplorable state and this affects the level of heat in our homes.

Apartments in new buildings, for the most part, already come with autonomous heating, and in old ones, sometimes serious modernization is needed. There were always questions about heat supply and the price for this service. Many do not want to depend on the "mood" of housing and communal services workers and therefore decide to install individual heating.

Permission to disconnect

The natural desire of every person is the opportunity to improve the quality of heating in their apartment and reduce the costs associated with this. But, according to the legislation of our country, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate permission for this.

The transition of citizens to autonomous heat sources is not beneficial to energy companies.

You should know that unauthorized disconnection from the inside of the home heating system is a violation of the law.

Already at the stage of obtaining official permission to disconnect from central heating, it is necessary to clearly know what fuel your system will operate on. The photos of the heating in the apartment viewed in advance will help you decide.

Buildings more than nine stories tall do not have a central gas supply, so if you live in such a building, this type of energy is not available to you.

We disassemble the old heating

With the permission to disconnect in your hands, you can begin to dismantle the intra-apartment system. At this stage, you need to agree on the procedure for your actions with the housing company.

When dismantling, you should follow the sequence and adhere to the scheme so as not to harm the neighboring apartments.

There is a rule that must be followed strictly. Old wiring and used radiators are absolutely not suitable for new heating systems.

Necessary equipment

With the help of instructions on how to make heating in an apartment, you can do everything neatly and correctly with your own hands.

Self-assembly begins with familiarization with the project. Technical documentation regulates the sequence of all work.

It is impossible to change the heating method or the boiler power or the number of radiators in the course of work. The choice of a heating system should be decided in advance. Heating options can be gas or electricity.

When deciding what is preferable for you, consider the following:

Project documentation must be approved by the energy company supplying gas or electricity.
When choosing a gas-fired heating system, it is mandatory to install a chimney facing the street.
Choosing heating from electricity, you will have to make a complete replacement of electrical wiring and install circuit breakers. A special three-phase meter is also required.
The gas boiler can only be connected by a representative (employee) of the gas organization.

Types of boilers

Having chosen gas heating for yourself, you need to start by familiarizing yourself with the prices for this technique. In order to choose the most suitable boiler for yourself, you need to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment, heat losses, etc.

The gas equipment market is quite wide and varied. It is worth taking a closer look at the wall-mounted boiler models. Such models are presented not only for gas, but also for electricity too.

You can select the correct boiler power based on the following standards: one kilowatt of energy goes to heating ten square meters of living space, adding 10% to this for natural heat losses.

If you want to have an individual hot water supply, then you should choose a double-circuit boiler.

Wall-mounted heating devices with heating elements are used when equipping housing with an electrical system.

IN recent times it has become very fashionable to make a warm floor in the apartment. The best option for such heating in an apartment is a water floor. This is a very convenient heating method, since the underfloor heating is connected to the main heating circuit.

We do the wiring

Wiring around the apartment with metal pipes or plastic. Heating from plastic pipes can be done without going there and as quickly as possible. There is no need for welding during installation.

For heating a small two-room apartment, where the number of radiators is no more than four pieces, a one-pipe heating system is perfect. With such a system, the radiators must be connected diagonally.

Heating of large apartments and houses is possible only with a two-pipe system. And if the plans include a warm floor and hot water, then you should choose a double-circuit boiler. A two-pipe system is much more efficient than a single circuit system.

When choosing plastic pipes for your heating, you need to understand that the pipes must be reinforced, protected from high temperatures. The pipes are reinforced with fiberglass or aluminum foil. Reinforced pipes withstand high temperatures and high pressure.

Radiators

There are several types of heating radiators. What kind of batteries you will install in your home must be decided in advance. Cast iron radiators are the most durable, but also the most expensive. For this type of radiator, the disadvantage is massiveness and low attractiveness.

Most often, today, they use bimetallic radiators... They are created from an alloy of steel and aluminum. This alloy significantly improves performance properties. Steel is able to withstand significant pressure, and the heat transfer properties of aluminum are irreplaceable.

Heating specialists will tell you how to choose a battery.

Bimetallic radiators of the middle price category are easy to dismantle and are very popular. Such batteries are hung on brackets built into the walls. The classic installation location is under the window.

There are four possible ways to connect radiators to a pipe:

Diagonal or cross.
Unilateral.
Lower.
Single pipe.

Reasons for replacing heating

Sometimes, it becomes necessary to replace the heating:

Elements of this heating system are partially or completely worn out.
Heat dissipation has been significantly reduced.
Renovation in the apartment, change of interior design.

Any changes to the heating system require permission from utilities and neighbors.

When deciding to replace the heating and batteries, be prepared for the fact that you will need a large number of permits and a lot of money.

Photo of heating in the apartment

Homeowners in urban high-rise buildings are accustomed to the relative convenience of central heating, since they don't have to think about maintaining it, starting it up or shutting it down. However, in last years more and more tenants are inclined to equip their own autonomous heating in an apartment in a multi-storey building, as they face many problems caused by insufficiently prompt and conscientious work of housing and communal services. So, the temperature of the heat carrier set in the central boiler room does not always satisfy. For example, it is warm enough outside, and the batteries are so hot that you have to open all the vents wide open. Or, on the contrary, the radiators are slightly warm, and crackling frosts suddenly set in outside the window.

Another important point is the dependence of heating on emergencies in the entire system, right down to the boiler room and heating mains. So, a pipe break in one of the sections of the heat supply line deprives several houses of heating at once. Such a moment is especially unpleasant during the peak of winter cold weather.

The inconvenience of central heating also manifests itself in the off-season - in the autumn and spring periods, when the heating has already been turned off or has not yet started, and the apartment is cold. In such cases, you have to use electric heaters and pay rather big sums for electricity.

Those who decide to take control of the heat supply of their homes under their own control, having equipped individual heating, usually have a lot of questions. Therefore, further we will consider various nuances associated with such a transition.

Advantages and disadvantages of individual heating of an apartment

Before proceeding directly to actions, you need to find out what advantages autonomous heating provides to its owners. But no less valuable is information about the difficulties that will have to be faced during its arrangement and operation.

So, the presence of heating in an apartment independent of the heat supply mains gives the following advantages:

The ability to create comfortable conditions in the apartment at any time of the year, regardless of common work general heating system. An urgent need for this arises in the off-season, since in spring and autumn, daytime and nighttime temperatures vary significantly among themselves. And summer, as we know, is capable of presenting "surprises". The central heating system turns on according to the standard schedule. There are also emergency launches, but it always takes several days (to analyze the situation and put it into operation), during which residents may experience significant discomfort.

The ability to set the most comfortable temperature in the apartment during the cold season. Everyone knows that the apartments located at the end of the house are colder than those located between several apartments. Therefore, the requirements for the temperature of the coolant in the system will be different. However, utilities do not always take these factors into account, charging the same amount of payment for heating, focusing only on the area of \u200b\u200bhousing.

It is impossible not to take into account the personal needs for warmth of each person, since one individual loves it warmer, while for another such a microclimate in an apartment seems unacceptably hot.

An autonomous heating system can be easily adjusted to the desired operating mode. For example, if homeowners are absent from home all day, then there is no need to "drive" the heating system in vain. You can set it to the minimum required heating, and upon arrival home, the temperature of the coolant can be increased.

Many modern heating boilers equipped with programming systems for operating modes, which can be set both according to the daily routine of the owners, and according to the alternation of weekends and working days. For example, by the time the owners arrive from service or study, the system will automatically bring the temperature in the premises to the most comfortable one.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with control units connected to GSM or IP communication channels. Thanks to this, they can be controlled remotely and remotely using a phone or computer.

The payment for heating will also be significantly reduced due to the lower consumption of energy carriers, since modern boilers, both gas and electric, are adjusted to the minimum energy consumption and the most efficient use of it - they have a high efficiency reaching 95 ÷ 100%.
Having chosen a unit with two circuits for installation, it is quite possible to abandon not only central heating, but also hot water supply. Thanks to this, there will always be hot water in the apartment, regardless of whether preventive work is carried out in the heating network in the summer or not.
Another important factor in saving money is that payment for heating will only be made in winter, when the system is actually in operation. The fact is that you will have to pay only for an electric or gas meter (depending on the choice of the boiler). It becomes possible to clearly personally control the consumption of resources. Central heating is usually paid for year-round.

However, in order to transfer an apartment to autonomous heating and hot water supply, you will have to go through a lot of bureaucratic formalities. They can be attributed to the main disadvantages of such a reorganization.

All work carried out must be coordinated with the relevant organizations and carried out according to the established rules. The unauthorized reconstruction will not remove the obligation to pay the costs of the provided central heating services, and also threatens to impose a large fine on the homeowner.
Execution of documents both for disconnecting central communications, and for drawing up a project, as well as installing autonomous equipment, will require a lot of time, patience and funds.
If you plan to use a gas boiler for heating, then the room where it will be installed must be equipped with an effective ventilation system, as well as a chimney.

The installation work for the installation of the gas boiler must be carried out by qualified specialists from the relevant organization. Therefore, it will not be possible to implement them on their own - and this also entails additional costs.
In addition to the costs of installation work, the reconstruction will require considerable costs both for paperwork and the purchase of all the necessary equipment.
Responsibility for the safe operation of autonomous heating, as well as for carrying out preventive work, rests with the homeowners. Control over the implementation of all these regulations is carried out by specialists of the relevant organizations. The owner of the apartment will be obliged to provide unhindered access to the heating equipment.

Despite all the difficulties with the design and installation of an autonomous system, as well as one-time rather large costs, the benefits of this heating system are obvious. Over the years of operation, these investments will certainly pay off. or even several times. And the apartment will always maintain the most favorable microclimate for the owners.

Documents required for the transition to autonomous heating

The first thing to consider when starting a reconstruction is the timing of the documentation. Therefore, if it is planned to receive heat from an individual heating boiler next winter, then the process must be started in advance. So, practice shows that permitting documents are drawn up and “wander around the authorities” within three to five months. Installation work can only be started after obtaining all permits, and they will take several days.

Approval and obtaining permits

It is necessary to start this whole long process by clarifying the list of documents required for drawing up a project, purchasing and installing equipment. There is a list of documentation approved by Art. 26 LCD RF "Grounds for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of living quarters." This document is taken as a basis, since when installing a heating boiler, as a rule, some redevelopment is required.

Redevelopment in apartments of multi-storey buildings should be carried out in accordance with the established requirements and in coordination with local authorities. To obtain approval, a package is assembled, consisting of the following documents:

Application-petition for redevelopment of living quarters. The standard form of this application has been approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
A notary-certified copy of the certificate of ownership of housing - an agreement on transferring it into ownership or the right of inheritance.
Also a photocopy of the technical passport of the apartment, certified by a public notary.
Drafted housing redevelopment project.
A copy of the document showing all the tenants registered in this apartment.
Consent to redevelop the premises. This document is a list of all adult residents of the apartment, indicating the full name and year of birth. Opposite their name, each of them must put a personal signature, which confirms their consent. The document is drawn up on one sheet.
If the house in which the apartment is located belongs to architectural monuments, then permission from the organization dealing with the protection of cultural heritage will be required.

When addressing the collected package to local authorities, the owner of the apartment must know that they do not have the right to demand additional documents from him that are not provided for by the above article. Having handed over the package for approval, in return for it, the owner of the apartment must receive a receipt, which will list all the documents in it.

Further, the self-government organization, after appropriate verification and approval, sends the package to the administration of the city or administrative district, where the documents are approved. In this case, it is necessary to know the time frame during which the applicant must be provided with a reasoned answer.

The consideration of the application and the issuance of a verdict on permission or refusal must be given no later than one and a half months (45 days) from the date of submission of the documentation. And the applicant must receive his copy of the opinion issued by the commission no later than three days after the decision is made.

The ban on redevelopment of housing may be due to the deterioration of the living conditions of other residents of the house or apartment. This point is indicated in the norms and rules for the technical operation of housing, approved by the Gosstroy of Russia No. 170 of September 27, 2003.

As indicated in the list of documents, it includes a residential redevelopment project. Before the project is drawn up, it is necessary to obtain permission from the organizations controlling gas and heat supply to disconnect from central communication systems and install autonomous gas equipment. If permission is received, then a project is drawn up for the reconstruction of the premises and the installation of an autonomous heating system. The finished project is coordinated with the relevant organizations.

All of the above documents, except for the project itself, must be prepared in advance, since they will need to be presented to all instances influencing the preparation of the project.

Documentation is drawn up in the following order:

The first step will be to visit city or district heating networks. In this organization, you must obtain permission to disconnect the apartment from centralized heating. A permitting document can be obtained if the disconnection of communications from a particular apartment does not disrupt the operation of the engineering equipment of the whole house or the apartments adjacent to it. There can be no other grounds for refusal.

In some cases, the application for disconnection from the heating network is submitted through the housing authority.

If an unjustified refusal is received from the heat supply organization, then this document should be applied to the courts to resolve this conflict.

Having received a positive opinion from heating networks, you can go with it to the gas service of a city or district. There it is necessary to obtain technical conditions for the installation of autonomous equipment. This document must be completed within ten calendar days from the date of application.
When both permits are obtained, you can go to the design department of the energy company or to another design organization authorized to deal with residential buildings. If the heating boiler was purchased in advance, then its passport should be attached to the general package with technical characteristics... The project will take into account all the data provided, including the technical conditions for the organization of autonomous heating.

In order to familiarize yourself with the requirements that regulatory organizations make when granting permits, it is necessary to study the document SNiP41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" clause 6.2 "Apartment heating systems".

If there is no opportunity or desire to independently solve the problems of permits with design organizations, then their registration can be entrusted to a design company. In some regions of the Russian Federation, one of the departments of the gas service is engaged in this process. These additional services, of course, are provided for a fee.

Drafting a project

The reconstruction project is drawn up according to the submitted documentation. Therefore, before transferring the package to the design organization, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technical conditions obtained in the gas industry. Taking them into account, it is necessary to independently draw up a sketch of the desired (from the point of view of the owner) location of the heating equipment.

However, it is necessary to correctly imagine the situation - the exact place where the boiler will be installed can be determined by specialists after they have studied the layout of the apartment.

The project is the main document according to which the reconstruction of the premises will be carried out, and then the installation of heating equipment. Therefore, the efficiency of the system and the convenience of its operation will depend on how correctly it will be developed.

The project includes a considerable amount of information, which is the characteristics of the created heating system:

Climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
The main technical and operational characteristics of the building.
Energy carriers that can be used for the functioning of autonomous heating.
The characteristics of the heated premises of the apartment are their area and volume, the number of rooms, the location of the loggias.
Financial aspects of the issue.

Based on the collected and systematized information, the location of the boiler, its recommended type, as well as the required heat output are determined.

Specialists of design or energy companies will make accurate calculations, making the heating system not only efficient, but also as economical as possible. If the organizations that will later approve the documentation are themselves engaged in the development of projects, then it is best to take advantage of this opportunity and entrust its development to them. In this case, there will be no likelihood that serious errors or omissions will be made in the document.

However, whoever is entrusted with the task of drawing up a project, the customer must actively interact with its developers. This is due to the fact that in the process of work, several redevelopment options are often considered. These options are presented to the customer for consideration, and he already chooses the most optimal from them - already from the point of view of the apartment owner. The parameters of the heater, as well as the range of parts, materials and components necessary for the installation of the system, often depend on this choice.

The project is drawn up in stages:

The first step is considered a sketch of the equipment location provided by the customer. If the owner of the apartment has not developed his own version, then it is best to draw up a sketch together with a specialist designer.
Further, the ways of laying the heating circuit are considered and determined. If you plan to leave the old circuit without replacement, only with the necessary modifications, you must warn the developer about this in advance.
The next step is to prepare documentation on the main components and devices of the heating system.
An estimate is made.

Specialists responsible for a particular area of \u200b\u200boperation of the heating system will certainly take part in drawing up the project - this is heat supply, ventilation, energy supply, and, if necessary, architecture.

As a result, the documentation will consist of several parts, each of which defines different sides of the project:

Descriptive part. It provides data on the meaning and content of the project. This section consists of several sub-items:

- the location of the apartment in the structure of the house;

- features of the layout of the apartment and the location of living rooms.

In this section, it is specified where the apartment is located - in the middle part of the building or from its end, regional features of the climate are indicated. This information is necessary to determine the type and optimal power of heating equipment, including the boiler itself, radiators or other heat exchange devices.

Technological calculations are the main part of the project. This section determines the volume of the coolant required for the operation of the heating unit in different modes. In addition, the optimal temperature of its heating is indicated, which will provide comfortable conditions in all rooms of the apartment.

Based on the calculated parameters, the power of the boiler for heating is selected (as a rule, a two-circuit one, that is, immediately and to solve the problem of autonomous hot water supply).

This part also determines the possible heat losses when heating rooms. And on the basis of the obtained indicators, conclusions are drawn about the efficiency of the heating system.

All the calculated data are reflected in a graphical diagram, which is also included in this part of the project. This document will be a guide for installers during the practical implementation of the project. By the way, all these parameters must be strictly observed during installation and installation work. Otherwise, the commission that accepts the system into operation may simply not allow its launch.

Specification. This part of the project provides information on all the necessary components and materials for the installation of the heating system. The same section may include a schematic drawing, which indicates the location of devices and connecting nodes.

This information is used when purchasing everything necessary for assembling a heating system, and then when bringing its installation.

Recently, the project is often supplemented with a graphic representation of what should be the result. This part of the project helps to visualize what the heating system will look like after installation. The image is made using computer programs, as a rule, in three-dimensional projection.

When submitting an application for the preparation of project documentation, it is necessary to clarify the reasons for the transition to individual heating. This is necessary so that specialists know what to focus on when working on a project.

After the project is ready, a copy of it must be sent to the company, which will monitor the subsequent operation of the equipment.

You may be interested in information about what constitutes

Equipment for autonomous heating of an apartment

Another question that necessarily arises before the owner of the apartment, who decided to transfer it to autonomous heating, is the choice of the boiler by the power source. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of 04/16/12, which refers to heat supply systems, identified devices that do not meet the established safety requirements. Therefore, the units included in the list of this document are prohibited for installation in apartments located in multi-storey buildings.

Simply put, in this case, only one of two options can be selected - an electric boiler or a gas-fired one. Which one is better suited for the conditions of the apartment, more economical and safer?

To answer these questions, you can briefly consider their characteristics.

Gas boiler

For autonomous apartment heating, gas boilers are often used. However, when choosing a unit, you need to know that it must meet certain requirements. These conditions are defined to ensure safety as well as the efficiency of the system.

These requirements include the design features of the unit:

The boiler must have a sealed (closed) combustion chamber.
An automatic shutdown of the gas supply should be provided in the following cases:

- when the burner flame goes out;

- in the event of malfunctions in the protection circuit;

- in case of power outage;

- when the gas supply pressure drops below the limit value:

- when the coolant overheats above the established rate;

- if there are faults in the chimney system.

The permissible heating temperature of the coolant should be no higher than 95 degrees.
The coolant pressure in the system should not exceed 1 MPa.

In addition, gas boilers are divided into single and double-circuit, for example,. As mentioned above, the former are designed only for heating the apartment, and the latter are both for heating the premises and for heating hot water for domestic needs. Naturally, zealous owners most often prefer the second option.

When submitting an application for disconnection from the heating network, it is necessary to indicate the type of device in it. This is due to the fact that consent must be obtained from heating networks to disconnect not only from the central heating main, but also from the hot water supply.

Another important factor is the choice of the type of boiler at the location, since they are floor-standing or wall-mounted. Due to the small areas of most city apartments, most often preference is given to wall-mounted options, since boiler equipment is installed in kitchens or on an insulated loggia.

Wall-hung boilers have a fairly compact size and a neat external design. They practically do not differ in appearance from ordinary gas water heaters. The chimney from the heating gas unit is led out into the street through the outer wall of the house, therefore, this wall or the one adjacent to it is chosen for its placement. The window, next to which the boiler is hung, often immediately resolves the issue of room ventilation.

The wall-mounted boiler has ample power to heat a standard apartment.

If funds permit, then preference should be given to the condensing boiler. It is more efficient and economical in operation - it implements an additional selection of thermal power due to condensation of water vapor contained in the products of natural gas combustion. The gain in useful power in comparison with a conventional boiler with equal indicators of consumption of "blue fuel" is 10 percent or more.

Gas boilers for heating and hot water supply - which one to choose?

A wide variety of gas boilers on sale can, to a certain extent, play a "cruel joke" with the consumer - significantly complicate the choice of a suitable model. What parameters should you pay special attention to, which models should you give preference to? All this in a separate - in a separate publication of our portal.

Arrangement of premises for installing a gas boiler

Separately, it is necessary to mention the premises of the apartment where it is planned to install gas equipment. The safety of the residents of the whole house will depend on its correct arrangement.

To place a gas boiler, you cannot choose an arbitrary room in an apartment, guided by some of your own master's interests. The room must meet certain requirements, the list of which includes the following points:

The equipment cannot be installed in any of the living rooms of the apartment.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe room must be at least 4 m².
The entrance door to the room cannot be less than 800 mm wide.
The room should have a window facing the street.
The unit is wall-hung or floor-mounted, at least 300 mm away from another gas-powered appliance, such as a stove.
It is not allowed to connect the chimney of a gas boiler, as well as the columns, to the general ventilation system. The pipe must be led outside through the outer wall. The most convenient in this regard is the use of coaxial chimneys with forced air supply and exhaust of combustion products.
Some gas boilers with high power require installation in a forced ventilation room, that is, equipped with an exhaust fan. If such a requirement is indicated in the technical conditions for arranging the room for the installation of a specific boiler model, then you will have to cut a fan of the appropriate capacity into the window.
The wall-mounted boiler can only be installed on a wall made of non-combustible material. The floor area under the floor version of the appliance is usually tiled with ceramic tiles.

If at least one of the requirements cannot be met, the commission that accepts the gas equipment will not sign the act-permission to put it into operation.

Based on the list of requirements, we can come to the conclusion that a gas boiler can be installed in a kitchen room or a loggia associated with it. The loggia must be well insulated in advance. These rooms are most suitable for installing gas equipment, since a gas supply riser is traditionally located in the kitchen.

The kitchen area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment must have a window facing the street, as well as a doorway of the required width. In addition, general ventilation channels pass through the kitchen, which are also necessary when arranging a room for a "mini-boiler room".

Gas boiler prices

gas boiler

Electric heating of the apartment

Unlike gas equipment, an electric heating option is much easier to install, since there are much more places where, for example, the same boiler can be hung on a wall.

The main thing that must be taken into account when choosing the area of \u200b\u200bequipment installation is the ability to connect a heating circuit to it, as well as supply the power supply line of the required power. Availability ventilation system, as well as pipes for the removal of combustion products - not required.

If you decide to choose an electric heating option, then before starting to implement your plan, you need to contact the energy company with a request to check the availability of free energy resources in the house. This organization must give written permission to connect devices of the required power and apply for disconnecting the apartment from the central heating and hot water supply. The homeowner must submit this petition to the heating network, and a copy of it is attached to the general package of documents.

The list of other documentation for the transition to electric heating will have to be clarified with the energy company, as well as with the local government organization. The administrative regions of Russia may have their own requirements for the use of electricity for heating.

In any case, for the installation of electric heating equipment, the number of documents that will have to be collected will be much less than when choosing a gas boiler.

Heating an apartment from electricity can be implemented in different ways, which allows you to choose the best option for a particular case:

Installation of an electric boiler connected to a classic heating circuit with a coolant circulating in it.
Direct heating from separately installed electrical convectors
Fixed or mobile infrared heaters or fan heaters.
Underfloor heating system using a heating cable or infrared film.
Several different electrical appliances used in the complex.

You may be interested in information about what characteristics they have.

Heating with an electric boiler

If it is supposed to leave the heating circuit in its original state, only by disconnecting it from the central heating, then it is connected to an electric boiler. Passing through the heat exchanger of the electrical unit, the coolant heats up and enters the closed heating circuit. Then, having passed the circle and cooled down, it returns again to heat. To make the circulation of the coolant more intense and controlled, a special circulation pump.

Modern electric boilers are equipped with automatic control... Thanks to such systems, the boiler can be programmed not only for a specific temperature of the coolant, but also for a specific mode of operation by hours and days of the week. That is, the device will not function constantly, but at the time and with the heat transfer that is beneficial to the homeowners.

In specialized stores, there are wall-mounted models of electric boilers with a power of 5 to 60 kW, as well as floor-standing options that have a much higher power of 60 or more kW.

The specialists who produce when drawing up the project will help to determine which of the models in terms of capacity to choose. The choice of the unit will depend on the characteristics of the heated apartment, its area, the number of windows and balconies, the type of installed window frames, etc. An approximate guideline when choosing the power of a heating boiler is 1 kW per 10 m² of apartment area, although these can be argued with.

If you need to install a boiler with a power of 9 kW or more to heat your home, you will have to re-equip the electrical network of the apartment - start a three-phase line and install a three-phase meter. A larger unit may only be installed with the permission of the home utility. But, as a rule, since we are talking about an ordinary apartment, single-phase units with a capacity of up to 9 kW are more than enough.

You may be interested in information on how to choose

An electric boiler can be installed in the kitchen, in the bathroom, in one of the utility rooms or in the corridor. And all the necessary communications (pipes and cables) at the same time can be placed hidden - they can be removed into the wall or under the floor surface.

By the way, electric boilers are even miniature. For example, electrode-type units are compact. That is, finding the best place for them will be even easier. Perhaps you will be interested in information about how they have proven themselves

You can talk a lot about electric boilers, since they are represented by several types, differing even in the principle of converting electrical energy into heat. But it is better to read about it in a separate detailed publication.

What is an electric boiler and how to choose it?

These units attract with their compactness, ease of installation and control, high performance. To understand the variety and even independently calculate the required power, a special article of our portal will help.

Priceselectric boiler

electric boiler

Heating an apartment on the principle of direct heating with electrical appliances

This heating option includes heating from separately located electric heaters or a "warm floor" system. They can also be used in combination.

This heating option is chosen in cases where you want to get rid of the heating circuit pipeline, as well as from radiators, which, according to the owners, spoil the interior of the premises.

In addition to convectors, the rooms can be equipped with a cable or film infrared "warm floor" system. The simplest and most affordable, both in price and in complexity of installation, is the film option. It can be equipped with ordinary linoleum or laminate flooring and does not need to be hidden with a screed.

When using two different types of heating devices for heating, they can be combined into one system for ease of control by connecting to a common control and management unit. With the help of automation, temperature regimes can be set for different times of the day, as well as on days of the week. If there is no desire to complicate the heating settings, then the system can also be adjusted manually, setting the desired temperature directly on the convectors or on the "warm floor" thermostat. This option is convenient because you can set different temperatures in each room.

You may be interested in information on how

* * * * * * *

Let's summarize the results of electric autonomous heating of the apartment.

If electricity is chosen as the source of energy, then for safety reasons it is necessary to equip an earthing loop. Without its installation, the commission may not issue a permit for the operation of autonomous heating.

Electric heating is safer than gas heating. Compared to central heating, it also benefits from being able to set exactly the right temperature and only pay when it is actually used.

The disadvantage of heating from power supply is that if the electricity is cut off for any reason, the apartment will remain not only without light, but also without heat. And if in the area where the apartment is located, the blackout is a constant phenomenon, then it is better to give preference to gas equipment.

In addition, electric heating is still a very "expensive pleasure", especially since the upward trend in electricity tariffs looks depressingly stable.

But if, nevertheless, the electric option is chosen, then you should heed the recommendations of experts:

For heating from electricity, it is necessary to stretch a dedicated power cable from the distribution board.
For autonomous electric heating, it is necessary to install a residual current device (RCD) or a differential automatic. They are designed to protect against electric shock current leakage to the body of electrical appliances. This is especially true if the circuit is assembled from metal pipes.
In order to save as much as possible on electricity consumption when using it at night grace hours or at weekend tariffs, it is recommended to install a multi-tariff meter.

Some nuances of the installation work for the installation of an autonomous heating system for an apartment

All work related to the reconstruction of the heating system in the apartment is carried out only by specialists of companies that provide heat supply to the housing stock. The task of the wizards will be the following:

Temporary disconnection of the central heating mains of the house.
Cutting the heating circuit or heating radiators from the risers with the subsequent restoration of the integrity of these risers.
Connecting a closed circuit of an apartment to a gas or electric heating device.
Testing the assembled system.

These rules are in place to ensure safety both for the owners of a particular apartment and for the residents of the entire house.

On your own (with your own hands or with the invitation of experienced plumbers), you can install pipes and install heating batteries if you plan to completely change the circuit. This is usually done after cutting off the radiators in the rooms from the risers. It is worth undertaking such work if you have good skills in carrying out plumbing installation operations. At the same time, the assembly of a new heating circuit is carried out strictly according to the scheme attached to the project documents, in strict compliance with the specification and all other parameters of the system being created.

* * * * * * *

Before deciding on the reconstruction of heating and hot water supply in an apartment, abandoning the services of centralized heating in favor of autonomous heating, you must carefully consider all the points. In addition, it is recommended to calculate the costs of the arrangement and the potential for savings when operating an autonomous system. After weighing all the pro & contra, you can make the final decision.

By the way, one should not forget that, alas, you will still have to pay for the common house heating. True, these amounts will be incomparably small compared to those that came earlier monthly and year-round.

You may be interested in information about what is

Finally - a video in which the owner of the apartment, who has been using an autonomous gas heating system for more than one year, shares his vision of its advantages and disadvantages. learn from the link.

Video: Autonomous heating in an apartment - "pros" and "cons"

Evgeny Afanasievchief Editor

Author of the publication19.08.2018

Due to the extremely low quality of heat supply services in apartment buildings, their owners show a great desire to make individual heating in the apartment. Tellingly, it is absolutely not difficult to implement this idea technically. But abandoning the services of a heat supply organization and obtaining permission to install an individual heat source sometimes becomes an insoluble task. All the problems that arise in order and how to solve them will be discussed in our article.

Sequencing

So, it is very cold in your apartment in winter and you are tired of paying for a service that is not actually provided. Be sure to document this fact by submitting appropriate statements to the heat supplier and to the sanitary and epidemiological station. Such a fixation can subsequently play a role in the receipt of a refusal and in court proceedings, if the case comes to him.

For reference. In the countries of the post-Soviet space, there are many legislative acts on this topic, often contradicting each other. Because of this, the question of whether it is possible to make individual heating in an apartment often has to be decided in court.

If you follow the right path, then the procedure should be as follows:

carrying out measures to formalize the refusal of district heating services and dismantling of old systems;
obtaining permission to install an individual heat source in the relevant authorities;
choice of energy carrier for heating an apartment;
development of technical documentation. In simple words, you need to complete a heating project with a circuit for connecting a heat source to centralized utility networks;
agreeing it with an energy supplier and obtaining permission to install a heat generator;
installation work on the heating system.

In practice, the greatest difficulty is going through the first 2 stages. The heating company may prevent you from refusing services by referring to various laws. The same story can be repeated with obtaining permission for the reconstruction of residential premises. You may have to enlist the support of a lawyer and even go to court. The subtleties of these issues should be studied on the appropriate Internet resources.

For reference. In Ukraine, the installation of individual heating in an apartment building is prohibited by a corresponding decree, in the Russian Federation there is no direct prohibition, but there are many restrictions in various regulatory documents that cause discrepancies.

Choice of energy carrier

In multi-storey residential buildings, this choice is small, only natural gas and electricity are at your service. If you already had a gas water heater before, then changing it to a boiler will be somewhat easier, although you cannot do without coordination with the gas supply office. It will be more difficult to introduce gas heating from scratch, this is due to the registration procedure, chimney inspection reports, and so on.

Often natural gas as an energy source for an apartment has no alternative, since individual electric heating is not available due to the limited power consumption limit. Another reason not to settle for electric heaters is living in old houses with shabby wiring. Suppose you replace it within the apartment, and then what? However, the utility company will not give permission under such circumstances.

If the listed restrictions do not exist, we choose the energy carrier for economic reasons. Much depends on the cost of gas and electricity in different countries. For example, the owner of an apartment with individual heating from electricity in Russia will pay more than for gas, in Ukraine - depending on the electricity tariff, and so on.

Installation of gas-powered equipment will definitely cost more than electrical equipment.

Project development and installation work

It is at this stage, together with the designer, that it is determined what the individual heating system will be in the apartment and the boiler is selected in terms of power. The latter is safely assumed at the rate of 100 W per 1 m2 of area, this is more than enough, since even a corner apartment has many common walls with neighbors, and heat is not lost through these structures. The type of wiring can be selected depending on the size of the dwelling. For small apartments, a one-pipe "Leningradka" is quite suitable, and for larger rooms - a traditional two-pipe system with lower wiring.

Please note that in the conditions of an apartment, only wall-mounted gas or electric boilers are suitable for you, and they already have a built-in circulation pump, and sometimes an expansion tank. So the system will be closed with forced circulation.

In addition to developing a new scheme, project documentation should contain a section that reflects the dismantling of the old system. Batteries and connections to them are subject to disassembly and disposal; the risers passing through the apartment must not be touched. Instead of the cut-out bypass, a straight pipe section must be welded. So that the heat supply organization does not continue to count your payment, the risers should be insulated.

The new individual heating scheme should provide for the installation of radiators with thermostatic valves at the inlet. The radiators themselves will fit aluminum, it makes no sense to install bimetallic ones. As for a gas boiler, its type depends on the presence of a chimney. When it is there, you can take a simple heater with an open combustion chamber.

Attention! It is forbidden to connect the boiler to exhaust ventilation shafts. If there is no chimney, then only a turbocharged heat generator with a closed chamber and a coaxial pipe for exhausting gases through the wall is suitable.

By the way, for convenience, you can install a double-circuit heat source, this will allow you to further abandon the centralized hot water supply. Also, if desired, an individual heating system with warm floors can be implemented. Here we must pay attention to the reliability of the interfloor overlap. When there is no confidence in it, then it is not recommended to start a screed device; it is better to mount warm floors on wooden logs with a laminate covering.

Since power outages occur in apartments, it is better to have an uninterruptible power supply unit for the reliable operation of the gas unit. With electric heating, the situation is more complicated, it is hoped that the shutdown will not last long. You can carry out the installation of individual heating yourself, except for one section: connecting the heat generator to the gas or electrical networks of the building. You will have to contact your energy carrier for this service.

Conclusion

As you can see, the device for new heating in the apartment has its own characteristics. Most of the time and effort will be taken by the documentary permitting part, and it is not a fact that you will receive this permit. In fact, do-it-yourself individual heating can significantly save money spent on district heating and hot water supply. Know that your efforts will not go to waste.