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06.09.2017 (20:36)

Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy Admiral Vladimir Korolev took part in the opening ceremony of the exhibition "Legendary Naval Commander"

Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy Admiral Vladimir Korolev took part in the ceremony of handing over unique items, orders and medals of the twice Hero to the fund of the Museum of Victory on Poklonnaya Hill Soviet Union Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union S.G. Gorshkov. All of them were donated to the Victory Museum by members of the family of S.G. Gorshkov and are directly related to the life and work of the famous Russian Commander-in-Chief of the Navy.

The ceremony of solemn transfer of unique exhibits to the Victory Museum and the opening of the exhibition "Legendary Naval Commander" was also attended by the Ambassador of the Republic of Bulgaria, the military attaches of Cuba, Germany, Egypt, the executive director of the Russian Military Historical Society Vladislav Kononov, the Commanders-in-Chief of the Navy, who in different years headed the Fleet, representatives High Command of the Navy Russian Federation, Club of Admirals of the Navy head of Kolomna Denis Lebedev, students and cadets of Moscow schools No. 1590, 167, 875, Navigation School, Gymnasium No. 9 in Kolomna and many others.

The daughter and granddaughters of the legendary admiral - Elena Sergeevna, Ekaterina Aleksandrovna and Tatyana Ivanovna - donated 92 domestic and foreign awards, personal documents and photographs, uniform items to the Victory Museum.

These items formed the basis of the exhibition "Legendary Naval Commander", which opened at the Museum of Victory. Among the awards there are such rare ones as the Order of Ushakov, I degree, which was awarded to only 26 people (11 of them twice). This order is the third most rare order of the USSR. In addition, the exhibition exhibits two Gold Star medals, seven orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, the Order of Ushakov II degree, the Order of Kutuzov I degree, and other domestic and foreign awards.

“There are many famous names in the history of Russia, but the name of Sergei Georgievich Gorshkov is a separate line,” said the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy in his speech at the ceremony, Admiral Vladimir Korolev.

He especially noted, - "Next year we will celebrate the 60th anniversary of our country's ocean-going nuclear missile fleet, and it is Admiral Gorshkov who plays a colossal role in its creation."

According to the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, “The era of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy S.G. Gorshkov was the foundation for further development and the construction of the Russian Navy, gave a new impetus to the development of naval art for a huge perspective. We still feel the significant influence that S.G. Gorshkov had an impact on all areas of the Navy - the use of forces, the naval presence of our ships in the oceans, the construction of surface and submarine fleets, and the development of basing infrastructure.

From this position, one should treat the importance and significance of the exhibition, which will open at the Museum of Victory," said the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Vladimir Korolev, on the eve of the event.

“The Museum of Victory is a holy place, that's why we donate Sergei Georgievich's belongings here,” explained the admiral's granddaughter Tatyana Ivanovna. - Grandfather said, you can forget to congratulate me on my birthday, but always remember Victory Day. We believe that his awards and belongings will be better preserved in the museum, and will bring more benefits to society. So that future generations remember and know how to love and glorify their country.”

The great-grandson of the legendary naval commander, five-year-old Sergei, solemnly handed over the orders of his great-grandfather to the director of the Victory Museum Alexander Shkolnik.

“The personal archive, belongings and awards of Sergei Georgievich will take their rightful place in our exposition and will forever be kept in the Museum of Victory,” said Alexander Shkolnik. - Low bow to the family of Sergei Georgievich for this truly priceless gift.

Accompanied by a company of the Guard of Honor, the orders were solemnly placed in a showcase, where from now on they became available for viewing to everyone.

Also at the exhibition at the Victory Museum are models of ships that Sergei Georgievich commanded during the Great Patriotic War, models of new types of ships and nuclear submarines created under the leadership of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union S.G. Gorshkov. Part of the exhibits for the exhibition came from the school museum of the Kolomna Gymnasium No. 9, which the famous naval commander graduated from.

Admiral Gorshkov for a record long period - 30 years - headed the USSR Navy and was the creator of the domestic nuclear missile fleet.

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Fought at the front of the Great Patriotic War March 1942 to May 1945 During the time he was wounded 2 times near the city of Rzhev, Kalinin region.

He met the victory near Koenigsberg with the rank of senior sergeant as commander of the 7th branch of the Motorized Reconnaissance Company (participated in 21 reconnaissance operations).

Awarded:
-Order "Glory of the 3rd degree" for courage and courage shown in the fight against the German invaders;
- medal "For the victory over Germany in the Second World War 1941-1945;
- badge "Excellent scout".

The Navy is in his blood. This is how one can characterize the brightest Russian naval commander and admiral. Could his fate have turned out differently, without the navy? Of course not. His family has connected their lives with this difficult craft since the founding of the fleet in Russia. Grandfather served as a boatswain under Peter I and rose to the rank of rear admiral, and his brother made an equally brilliant career, achieving impressive results in the battle on Lake Ezel against the Swedes. His father, with the rank of vice-admiral, also served as military governor of Kronstadt. In the naval corps, Senyavin got at the age of 10, when his father, during a beer feast, decided to send his son to study. Later, a well-known biographer, Bronevsky, will write about the childhood period of training of the future general: “Dmitry Nikolaevich, by nature, was a simple and modest person who knew how to win over everyone around him and use their love for the good of the common cause. In the circle of friends, he was known as a loving and caring father, in the circle of colleagues - as a fair, but demanding boss.

Service start

He began his naval service at the age of 14, and after 3 years he passed the exam for the rank of midshipman.

Admiral. Born in the family of a nobleman A.A. Spiridov, who honestly served Tsar Peter I as a commandant in Vyborg. The son chose a career as a naval officer and from the age of 15 sailed as a volunteer on a ship. Byafter five years of volunteer service, he successfully passed the navigation knowledge exams, was promoted to midshipman and entered the military service.

Spiridov began his maritime career on the Caspian Sea, in Astrakhan. His immediate supervisor was Lieutenant A.I. Nagaev, who made a description of the Caspian Sea. In the future, Nagaev will become an admiral and a famous hydrograph. The young midshipman Spiridov will learn a lot from his mentor. An executive, intelligent and diligent junior officer will soon be transferred to Kronstadt, where he will gain naval experience by making regular voyages in the Baltic Sea.
As a reward for diligent service, the rank of midshipman and the transfer to the Don Flotilla as an adjutant of the commander of Vice Admiral P.P. Bredal became. This appointment allowed him to gain combat experience during the Russian-Turkish war of 1735-1741, participating in the battles for Azov.

Vladimir Alekseevich Kornilov was born in 1806 in the Tver region, into an officer's family. In 1823 he graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps. Since 1827, Kornilov served on the battleship Azov.

Kornilov was one of the participants in the famous battle of Navarino. In 1838 he became chief of staff of Lazarev's squadron, commanded a landing force on the Caucasian coast.

In 1849, Vladimir Alekseevich became the chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. He understood the need to modernize the fleet, believed that he had to keep up with the times. He lobbied for the replacement of sailing ships with steam ones, was one of the developers of the new Naval Charter, and participated in the creation of the Sevastopol Military Library.

Stepan Osipovich Makarov - wonderful, born in 1848. There were many military men in the Makarov family, both grandfathers, father. Who will be Stepan, it was a foregone conclusion.

The boy's father served in the Siberian military flotilla, while the family lived in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. In this city, at the age of 10, Stepan Makarov enters maritime school. Here he stands out for his extraordinary mind and desire for knowledge.

The young man graduated from the naval school with the rank of midshipman. In 1867, already having some experience of sailing the seas, Makarov was assigned to the crew of the Baltic Fleet. During the service, he began to write scientific articles. In 1869 he received the rank of midshipman.

A year later, he came to the command with a proposal for his project to repair holes in the hull of ships. After the meetings, Stepan Osipovich's proposal was approved, and new technology began to be used on Russian warships. Soon he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant.

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev is a remarkable Russian traveler and naval commander. The future naval commander was born in Vladimir in November 1788 in the family of the ruler of the Vladimir governorate.

In 1800, Mikhail was admitted to the Naval Cadet Corps. The study was difficult, and these difficulties were combined with the difficulties of campaigns in the Gulf of Finland. The young man was quickly noticed, he stood out from his peers with his talents and attitude to work.

After graduation cadet corps Lazarev was sent as a volunteer to England for sea practice. For several years he sailed the seas and oceans, engaged in self-education. Michael loved history and ethnography.

In 1808, officer Mikhail Lazarev returned to Russia, received the rank of midshipman. Participated in the war with Sweden, in 1811 he was promoted to lieutenant. He was also a member, and smashed Napoleon on the seas.

Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak was born in 1874. His father was a hero of the defense of Sevastopol during the Crimean War. At the age of 18, the young man entered the Naval Cadet Corps, where he studied for six years.

Kolchak got into the Cadet Corps from an ordinary St. Petersburg gymnasium. He was fond of the exact sciences, he loved to make something. At the end of the cadet corps in 1894, he was promoted to midshipman.

In the period from 1895 to 1899, he traveled around the world three times, in which he was engaged in scientific work, studied oceanography, maps of the currents and coasts of Korea, hydrology, tried to learn Chinese, and prepared for the south polar expedition.

In 1900 he took part in the expedition of Baron E. Toll. In 1902, he went in search of the baron's expedition that remained to winter in the north. Having examined the proposed route of the expedition on the wooden whaler "Zarya", he managed to find the last parking lot of the baron and determine that the expedition was lost. For participation in the search expedition, Kolchak received the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree.

Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov is a remarkable Russian naval commander. Born in the family of an officer on June 23, 1802 in the Vyazemsky district Smolensk province. He received his primary education at home, after which he entered the Cadet Corps. After graduating from college, Nakhimov on the frigate "Phoenix" sailed to the shores of Sweden and Denmark. It was in 1817.

Returning from sailing in the Baltic, Pavel Nakhimov was promoted to non-commissioned officer. A year later, he successfully passed the exams, became a midshipman, and was assigned to the 2nd naval crew. In 1822 he circumnavigated the world under command. During the journey, which lasted about three years, he was promoted to lieutenant.

After a short vacation, Pavel Stepanovich was sent to the 74-gun ship Azov. The first baptism of fire was the "Battle of Navarino", which took place during one of the Russian-Turkish wars. For this battle, he was awarded the Order of St. George 4th degree, the British Order of the Bath, and the French Order of the Savior.

Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov was born on February 24, 1745, into a noble family. The family did not live richly. At the age of 16, Fedor Ushakov entered the Naval Corps in St. Petersburg. At this time, Catherine II sat on the Russian throne. Russia was preparing for a war with Turkey, so the country needed to create a powerful fleet in the Azov and Black Seas.

The construction of the fleet was entrusted to Vice Admiral Senyavin, who in the early spring of 1769 began to create a naval base in Taganrog. Ushakov arrived at Senyavin's location among seconded officers.

In the spring of 1773, the Russian fleet began to dominate the Sea of ​​Azov. After the final defeat of the Turks in the Sea of ​​Azov, fighting moved to Black. The fleet dealt sensitive blows to the Turks, and the position of the Russian army in the war with them improved significantly.

After four years of the war, Ushakov began to command the messenger bot "Courier". Subsequently, he became the commander of a large 16-gun ship. In the final part of the Russian-Turkish war, he participated in the defense of the Russian military base on the Crimean coast - Balakva.

The history of Russian has more than three centuries. During this time, hundreds of prominent commanders were awarded the rank of admiral. Some of them played a significant role in the fate of not only the fleet, but the entire country.

Apraksin Fedor Matveevich

According to legend, the family of the famous admiral came from the aristocratic class of the Golden Horde. The Tatar-Mongolian ancestor of the boyar dynasty received Christian baptism and married a Russian princess during the reign of Dmitry Donskoy. His distant descendant Fyodor Apraksin entered the service at the royal court at a young age. Acting as a steward, he managed to gain the trust and favor of the young Peter.

The first serious state post of Apraksin was the position of governor in Arkhangelsk. He happened to accompany the king on voyages along the White Sea. Shortly thereafter, Apraksin received the rank of major from the sovereign and an appointment to the Semyonovsky regiment. In subsequent years, he was the constant companion of the emperor-reformer in all military campaigns and diplomatic missions. Apraksin took part in the second siege of Azov. As part of the Great Embassy, ​​he visited Holland, where he got acquainted with the basics of maritime affairs. Apraksin supervised the construction of ships in Voronezh, which were to become the basis of the Russian fleet. He made a huge contribution to the implementation of Peter the Great's plans to turn the country into a new maritime power. Apraksin was destined to become one of the first in the list of Russian admirals.

Commanding the army and navy in Ingermanland during the Northern War, he proved himself a prudent strategist. Apraksin managed to repel the Swedes' attack on Petersburg and forced the capitulation of the Vyborg fortress. One of the first admirals of the Russian fleet participated in the famous defeat of the squadron of King Charles at Cape Gangut.

Shortly thereafter, Apraksin fell into royal disfavor over accusations of corruption. Only former merits saved him from severe punishment. Subsequently, Tsar Peter forgave Apraksin and appointed him governor-general of the provinces conquered from the Swedes. One of the first admirals of the Russian fleet survived his emperor for several years and died in 1728.

This naval commander is famous for not losing a single ship in battle. Another unusual fact is that Orthodox Church Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov canonized as a saint. One of the most prominent admirals of the Russian fleet began his career in the Baltic Sea. During the first war with the Turks, he participated in the defense of the Crimean coast. Later, Ushakov commanded the personal yacht of Catherine II and defended Russian merchant ships in the Mediterranean from attacks by the British fleet. He fully showed his brilliant abilities during the war with the Ottoman Empire in 1787-1791. Ushakov defeated the superior enemy forces near the island of Fidonisi, in the Kerch Strait and at Capes Tendra and Kaliakria. In 1799 he became one of the admirals of the Russian fleet.

Ushakov retired without losing a single one of his 43 naval battles. Last years The naval commander devoted his life to prayers and church services.

Kruzenshtern Ivan Fyodorovich

The famous Russian admiral had German-Swedish roots. At birth, he was given the name Adam Johann Ritter von Krusenstern. This navigator led the first Russian round-the-world expedition. Kruzenshtern entered the service in the Imperial Navy with the rank of midshipman after training in the cadet corps in Kronstadt. For the valor shown in the battles of the Russian-Swedish war, he received the rank of lieutenant.

In 1799, Kruzenshtern presented to the tsarist government a project to establish direct sea communication with the Russian colonies in America. The proposal was supported by the Academy of Sciences and approved by Alexander the First. An additional benefit of the project was to provide a more convenient route for trade with China. The expedition lasted two years. Kruzenshtern and his assistants compiled an atlas and a travel report, in which they described in detail all the lands and peoples they saw. This scientific work has been translated into many European languages.

Kruzenshtern devoted the following years of his life mainly to teaching. He was awarded an honorary membership in the Academy of Sciences and was appointed director of the navigation school. Kruzenshtern made many improvements to the operation of this educational institution. He died in 1846 on his estate in Estonia.

Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich

He went down in history as the commander of the fleet and ground forces during the Crimean War and the siege of Sevastopol. Nakhimov studied at the St. Petersburg Naval Noble Corps and got his first experience of sailing on a ship at the age of fifteen. After participating in an expedition around the world, he was elevated to the rank of lieutenant.

Nakhimov distinguished himself in a major naval battle of the combined squadron of Russia, France and England against the fleet Ottoman Empire. In history, this event is known as As a reward for the skillful use of artillery, Nakhimov was appointed captain of a captured ship.

During the Crimean War, he carried out a brilliant operation to block and destroy the Turkish fleet in the harbor of the city of Sinop. Nakhimov received the rank of admiral and was appointed military governor of Sevastopol. He commanded the defense of the city and supported the morale of the soldiers and officers. In 1855, while at the forefront, Nakhimov received a fatal bullet wound. The admiral was buried in the crypt of St. Vladimir's Cathedral in Sevastopol.

The commander of the Russian fleet in the Baltic Sea came from a family of Baltic Germans. His ancestors served the empire since the time of Peter the Great. After graduating from the cadet corps and the Naval Academy, Nikolai Essen received the rank of lieutenant and, in the process of developing his further career, commanded several ships, including the battleship Sevastopol. The name of the admiral went down in history in connection with the Russo-Japanese War. After the capitulation of the fortress of Port Arthur, he flooded the Sevastopol so that the enemy would not get the ship. Essen was taken to Nagasaki as a prisoner of war, but released two months later. After returning to St. Petersburg, he received the Order of St. George as a reward for his brave actions.

During the First World War, Essen commanded the Baltic Fleet. Many considered him the most capable Russian admiral of the day. Nikolai Essen died unexpectedly in 1915 as a result of an illness. A frigate of the Russian Navy is named after him.

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

The last admiral of the empire became the recognized leader of the White movement. Alexander Kolchak had great authority among the opponents of the Bolsheviks. During the Civil War, he headed the Provisional Siberian Government based in Omsk. Kolchak's attempts to unite all anti-Bolshevik forces were unsuccessful. After the White movement was on the verge of defeat, the Czech allies betrayed the admiral of the Red Army. Kolchak was executed without trial. The place of his burial is unknown.

In the Russian Empire, 189 people were awarded the rank of admiral. The first of them was an associate of Peter the Great, the last - Alexander Kolchak. In the USSR, this title began to be awarded in 1940. A total of 79 Soviet naval commanders received it. By decision of Joseph Stalin, a higher rank was established, corresponding to the land marshal - admiral of the fleet. Shortly after the collapse of the USSR, it was canceled.

Russian Federation

Many Soviet admirals remained in the service of the Russian Navy. The assignment of the highest naval rank continued into the new era. The list of admirals of the Russian Federation has 35 people. Since 1992, six holders of this title have served as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy:

1. Gromov Felix Nikolaevich.
2. Kuroyedov Vladimir I.
3. Masorin Vladimir Vasilievich
4. Vysotsky Vladimir Sergeevich.
5. Korolyov Vladimir I.

The predecessor of the current commander-in-chief, Viktor Viktorovich Chirkov, was forced to resign due to health problems. The Minister of Defense presented Admiral Korolev with the standard of the Navy in April 2016.

One of the creators of the Russian navy, an associate of Peter I, Admiral General, the first president of the Admiralty College. The career of Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin began in 1682, when he became the steward of Peter, participated in the creation of the "amusing army" and the flotilla of Pereslavsky Lake. In 1693–96 he was appointed Dvina voivode and governor of Arkhangelsk, under his watchful eye the 24-gun frigate "Saint Apostle Paul" laid down by Peter I himself is being built, the city is being overgrown with new fortifications, the Solombala shipyard is expanding. It was Apraksin who laid the foundations of commercial and military shipbuilding, and for the first time equipped Russian ships with goods abroad. In 1697, Apraksin controlled shipbuilding in Voronezh, where a fleet was urgently created for the Sea of ​​Azov. Since 1700, F.M. Apraksin is the chief head of the Admiralty Order and the Governor of Azov, the chief manager of all matters related to the arrangement and supply of admiralties and ships that entered the Azov and Baltic Seas. He was in charge of supply affairs, was responsible for the construction of a shipyard at the mouth of Voronezh, the opening of a cannon factory in Lipitsy, access to the open sea for ships, the construction of a harbor and fortifications in Taganrog, deepening of the shallow mouths of the Don, research work in the sea.
In 1707, Fyodor Matveyevich was granted the rank of admiral and president of the admiralties, received personal command of the fleet on the Baltic Sea, and also often commanded the ground forces. In 1708, he led the corps operating in Ingermanland, which repelled the Swedish attack on Kronshlot, Kotlin and Petersburg: on September 28, Shtromberg’s corps was defeated at Rakobor, and on October 16, Liebeker’s corps in Kapor Bay (these two corps, according to the Swedes’ action plan, came from two parties and should eventually unite). For the victory, Fyodor Matveyevich received the status of a real privy councilor and the title of count. For Apraksin's services to the Fatherland and the military art shown by him, Tsar Peter awarded him with a special nominal silver medal, on one side of which Apraksin himself was depicted and the inscription was engraved: “Imperial Majesty Admiral F.M. Apraksin", and on the other - four military sailing ships against the backdrop of the battle; above - two hands, outstretched from the clouds, hold a laurel wreath - a symbol of victory. Along the circumference is the inscription: “Storing this does not sleep; death is better than infidelity."

Alexander Menshikov

Right hand Peter the Great, Aleksashka, whose charismatic personality manifested itself in many fields, including in maritime affairs. Almost all the instructions and directives that the sovereign sent to the troops passed through the hands of Alexander Danilovich. Often, Peter gave some thought, and Menshikov found the best embodiment for it. He had many ranks and regalia, including in 1726 he became a full admiral. On the day of the signing of the Treaty of Nystadt, which ended the long-term war with the Swedes, Menshikov received the rank of vice admiral. After that, he focused on the internal structure of the Russian fleet, and from 1718 he was responsible for the arrangement of all the armed forces of Russia. His great-grandson Alexander Sergeevich Menshikov was also an outstanding admiral who commanded the fleet in Crimean War.

Ivan Kruzenshtern

Russian navigator, admiral. He distinguished himself not only in the battles for the North Sea, but also became famous as an explorer of new lands. Ivan Kruzenshtern, together with Yuri Lisyansky, made the first Russian round-the-world expedition. He opened new trade routes for Russia to the East Indies and China. He managed to prove that the sea direction is more profitable. During the round-the-world expedition, such islands of the Pacific Ocean as the Kuriles, Kamchatka and Sakhalin were explored. In 1827, Kruzenshtern was appointed director of the Naval Cadet Corps and a member of the Admiralty Council. 16 years of activity as director was marked by the introduction of new teaching subjects into the courses of the Marine Corps, the enrichment of the library and museums with its many teaching aids, the establishment of an officer class and other improvements.

Pavel Nakhimov

The famous Russian admiral, perhaps, was able to show his talent for the first time during the Crimean War, when the Black Sea squadron under his command in stormy weather discovered and blocked the main forces of the Turkish fleet in Sinop. As a result, the Turkish fleet was destroyed in a matter of hours. For this victory, Nakhimov received the Highest Diploma of His Imperial Majesty Nicholas with the words: "The extermination of the Turkish squadron, you have adorned the annals of the Russian fleet with a new victory." Nakhimov also led the defense of Sevastopol from 1855. Having made a difficult decision to sink the Russian fleet, he blocked the enemy ships from entering the bay. The soldiers and sailors who defended the southern part of Sevastopol under his leadership called the admiral "father-benefactor."

Fedor Ushakov

Admiral Ushakov commanded the Black Sea Fleet, participated in the Russian-Turkish war, during which he made a huge contribution to the development of tactical warfare by the sailing fleet. He received his first award in 1783 for a successful victory over the plague that raged in Kherson. Ushakov's actions were distinguished by extraordinary courage and determination. He boldly advanced his ship to the first positions, choosing one of the most dangerous positions and thereby showing an excellent example of courage to his commanders. A sober assessment of the situation, an accurate strategic calculation taking into account all success factors and a swift attack - this is what allowed the admiral to emerge victorious in many battles. Ushakov can also rightfully be called the founder of the Russian school of tactical combat in naval art. For military exploits, he was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church as a saint.

Vladimir Schmidt

The ancestors of Admiral Schmidt were discharged in the 17th century by Peter the Great as shipwrights from Frankfurt am Main. Schmidt participated in the Crimean War, defended Sevastopol and led naval operations in the Russo-Turkish War. For his valor in battle, he was awarded the golden broadsword "For Courage" and the Order of St. George IV degree. In 1855 alone, he was wounded four times: in the right side of the head and chest, with a fragment of a bomb in the left side of the forehead, in the index finger of the left hand and in the left leg. By 1898 he became a full admiral and holder of all the orders that existed at that time in Russia. Cape Schmidt on Russky Island is named after him.

Alexander Kolchak

In addition to the fact that Admiral Kolchak was the leader of the White movement and the Supreme Ruler of Russia, he was also an outstanding oceanographer, one of the largest polar explorers, a participant in three polar expeditions, and also the author of the monograph “What kind of fleet does Russia need”. The admiral developed the theoretical foundations for the preparation and conduct of joint army operations on land and at sea. In 1908 he lectured at the Naval Academy. Participated in the Russo-Japanese War, including its longest battle - the defense of Port Arthur. During the First World War, he commanded a division of destroyers of the Baltic Fleet, and from the 16-17s - the Black Sea Fleet.

Vladimir Istomin

Rear Admiral of the Russian Navy, Hero of the Sevastopol Defense. At the end of the Naval Corps in 1827, as a simple midshipman on the battleship Azov, he set off on a long voyage from Kronstadt to Portsmouth, to the coast of Greece. There he distinguished himself in the Battle of Navarino and received the Insignia of the Military Order of St. George and the rank of midshipman. In 1827-1832, V. Istomin plied the Mediterranean Sea, improving his maritime education in a serious military situation, created by prolonged cruising in the Archipelago and participation in the blockade of the Dardanelles and the landings on the Bosphorus. In 1830 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 3rd class. Subsequently, he served in the Baltic Fleet, then - on the Black Sea. In 1837, he was promoted to lieutenant and appointed commander of the ship "Northern Star", on which in the same year Emperor Nicholas I and the Empress sailed through the ports of the Black Sea. Istomin was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree and a diamond ring. In 1843 he received the Order of St. Stanislaus, 2nd class. Until 1850, he was at the disposal of the governor in the Caucasus, Prince Vorontsov, taking an active part in joint operations of the army and navy aimed at conquering the Caucasus. In 1846 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 2nd degree, and the following year, for actions against the highlanders, he was promoted to captain of the 2nd rank. In 1849 he became a captain of the 1st rank. In 1850 he commanded the battleship Paris. In 1852 he was presented to the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd degree. He distinguished himself in the Battle of Sinop on November 18, 1853, for which he received the rank of Rear Admiral. In a report to the emperor, Admiral P.S. Nakhimov especially noted the actions of the Paris battleship in the Battle of Sinop: “It was impossible to stop admiring the beautiful and cold-bloodedly calculated actions of the Paris ship.” In 1854, when the siege of Sevastopol began, Istomin was appointed commander of the 4th defensive distance of Malakhov Kurgan, and then became chief of staff under Vice Admiral V. Kornilov. November 20, 1854 Istomin was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. Istomin was one of the most active and bravest participants in organizing this amazing defense. After the death of Kornilov, he literally did not leave his positions for a single day; he lived on the Kamchatka redoubt, in a dugout. On March 7, 1855, the 45-year-old V.I. Istomin had his head blown off by a cannon ball when he was leaving his dugout. Istomin was buried in the Sevastopol Cathedral of St. Vladimir, in the same crypt with Admirals M.P. Lazarev, V.A. Kornilov, P.S. Nakhimov. IN AND. Istomin had four brothers, and they all served in the Navy; Konstantin and Pavel rose to the ranks of admirals.

Vladimir Kornilov

The famous Russian naval commander was a graduate of the Naval Cadet Corps. In 1823 he entered the naval service, was the first captain of the Twelve Apostles. He distinguished himself in the Battle of Navarino in 1827, being a midshipman on the flagship Azov. Since 1849 - Chief of Staff of the Black Sea Fleet. Kornilov is actually the founder of the Russian steam fleet. In 1853, he participated in the first historical battle of steam ships: the 10-gun steam frigate "Vladimir" under his flag of the chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet entered the battle with the 10-gun Turkish-Egyptian steamer "Pervaz-Bakhri". After a 3-hour battle, Pervaz-Bakhri was forced to lower the flag. During the outbreak of the war with England and France, he actually commanded the Black Sea Fleet, until his heroic death he was the immediate superior of P.S. Nakhimov and V.I. Istomin. After the landing of the Anglo-French troops in Evpatoria and the defeat of the Russian troops on the Alma, Kornilov received an order from the commander-in-chief in the Crimea, Prince Menshikov, to flood the ships of the fleet in the roadstead in order to use sailors to defend Sevastopol from land. Kornilov gathered flagships and captains for a council, where he told them that, since the position of Sevastopol was practically hopeless due to the advance of the enemy army, the fleet should attack the enemy at sea, despite the huge numerical and technical superiority of the enemy. Taking advantage of the disorder in the location of the British and French ships at Cape Ulukola, the Russian fleet was to attack first, imposing a boarding battle on the enemy, blowing up, if necessary, their own ships along with the enemy's ships. This would make it possible to inflict such losses on the enemy fleet that its further operations would be thwarted. Having given the order to prepare to go to sea, Kornilov went to Prince Menshikov and announced to him his decision to give battle. In response, the prince repeated the given order - to flood the ships. Kornilov refused to obey the order. Then Menshikov ordered to send Kornilov to Nikolaev, and to transfer command to Vice Admiral M.N. Stanyukovich. However, the annoyed Kornilov managed to give a worthy answer: “Stop! This is suicide... what you are forcing me to do... but it is impossible for me to leave Sevastopol surrounded by the enemy! I am ready to obey you." V.A. Kornilov organized the defense of Sevastopol, where his talent as a military leader was especially pronounced. Commanding a garrison of 7,000, he set an example of the skillful organization of active defense. Kornilov is rightfully considered the founder of positional methods of warfare (continuous attacks by the defenders, night searches, mine warfare, close fire interaction between ships and fortress artillery). V.A. Kornilov died on Malakhov Kurgan on October 5 (17), 1854, during the first bombardment of the city by the Anglo-French troops. He was buried in the Sevastopol Cathedral of St. Vladimir, in the same crypt with Admirals M.P. Lazarev, P.S. Nakhimov and V.I. Istomin.

Vsevolod Rudnev

Hero of the Russo-Japanese War, rear admiral of the Russian Imperial Fleet, commander of the legendary cruiser Varyag. At the beginning of his maritime career, he participated in a round-the-world voyage. He was one of the first to bring from France a steam warship specially built for Russia. Since 1889 V.F. Rudnev was on a foreign voyage on the cruiser Admiral Kornilov, again under the command of Captain 1st Rank E.I. Alekseev. On the "Admiral Kornilov" Rudnev participated in the maneuvers of the Pacific Fleet, became a senior officer of the ship. In 1890 he returned to Kronstadt. Since 1891, he has been in command of ships and is moving up the ranks. In 1900, dredging was carried out in Port Arthur on the inner roadstead, the dry dock was rebuilt and expanded, the port was electrified, and coastal defenses were strengthened. Rudnev becomes a senior assistant to the port commander in Port Arthur. At that time, Port Arthur was the base of the 1st Pacific Squadron, the basis of the strength of the Russian fleet on Far East. Rudnev was not happy with his appointment, but, nevertheless, he set to work with enthusiasm. In December 1901, he received the rank of captain of the 1st rank. In December 1902, an order was issued by the Naval Ministry, by which Vsevolod Fedorovich Rudnev was appointed commander of the Varyag cruiser. He came to the Varyag as an experienced naval officer who had served on seventeen ships and commanded nine, being a participant in three round-the-world voyages, one of which he did as a ship commander.
The situation in the Russian Far East was deteriorating. Japan accelerated efforts to prepare for war. The Japanese managed to achieve considerable superiority in forces over the Far Eastern grouping of troops of the Russian Empire. On the eve of the war, "Varyag" by order of the tsar's governor in the Far East, Adjutant General Admiral E.I. Alekseev was sent to the neutral Korean port of Chemulpo, in which the Varyag was supposed to guard the Russian mission and carry out the duties of a senior stationer on the road. On January 26 (February 7), 1904, the Japanese squadron stopped on the outer road of the bay. There were Russians in the inner roadstead - the cruiser "Varyag" and the gunboat "Koreets", as well as foreign warships. On the morning of January 27 (February 9), 1904, Rudnev received an ultimatum from Rear Admiral Sotokichi Uriu, announcing that Japan and Russia were at war. The Japanese demanded that the Russians leave the raid before noon, threatening otherwise to open fire on them. Such actions in a neutral port would be a violation of international law.
V.F. Rudnev decided to break out of the bay. Before the line of officers and sailors of the cruiser, he informed them about the ultimatum of the Japanese and about his decision. The Japanese squadron blocked the way to the open sea. The enemy squadron opened fire. The "Varangians" responded by giving a worthy rebuff to the enemy, fighting holes and fires under heavy enemy fire. According to reports from various sources, Japanese cruisers Asama, Chiyoda, Takachiho were damaged by fire from the Varyag and one destroyer was sunk. "Varyag" returned to the port, having a strong list on one side. The machines were out of order, about 40 guns were broken. It was decided: to remove the teams from the ships, to flood the cruiser, gunboat blow up so that they do not get to the enemy. The decision was promptly implemented. Wounded in the head and shell-shocked, Rudnev was the last to leave the ship. Captain 1st rank V.F. Rudnev was awarded the Order of St. George of the 4th degree, received the rank of adjutant wing and became commander of the squadron battleship "Andrew the First-Called". In November 1905, Rudnev refused to take disciplinary action against the revolutionary-minded sailors of his crew. The consequence of this was his dismissal and promotion to rear admiral. In 1907, the Japanese emperor Mutsuhito, in recognition of the heroism of Russian sailors, sent V.F. Rudnev Order of the Rising Sun II degree. Rudnev, although he accepted the order, never put it on.