Causes of cervical erosion in nulliparous women. Cervical erosion in nulliparous girls: causes, symptoms, treatment. Video: Causes of cervical erosion, need for treatment

Content

Cervical erosion occurs in women of different age groups. This means that for some reason pathology can also occur in nulliparous girls. It is known that the tactics for eliminating erosion in nulliparous women require gentle treatment. The reason is that aggressive action on the cervix can lead to dangerous consequences, for example, during pregnancy and childbirth.

Currently, the term “erosion” is considered obsolete due to the fact that it does not fully characterize the pathological conditions of the cervix. Despite the fact that the doctor often identifies erosion and voices this diagnosis to the patient, in most cases this diagnosis means ectopia or pseudo-erosion.

Thus, erosion includes several types of condition of the cervical epithelium, which differ in external signs and treatment tactics.

True erosion is the result of exposure to traumatic factors of various origins and is a wound on the surface of the vaginal part of the cervix. This defect is most often formed due to bacterial or viral infection. True erosion lasts up to two weeks, and then regresses on its own with various options outcome.
Pseudo-erosion is the next stage of the true form. If the ulcer heals improperly, the flat multilayer cells of the vaginal part of the uterus are replaced with cylindrical single-layer elements that normally cover the cervical canal.
Congenital erosion can occur due to impaired differentiation of the epithelium into flat and cylindrical. Such an erosive spot is often detected in nulliparous girls under twenty-five years of age. As the epithelial tissue matures and hormone levels stabilize, congenital erosion in nulliparous girls disappears on its own.

The cervix connects the body of the organ with the vagina through the cervical canal, lined with cylindrical single-layer cells.

Gynecologists conventionally distinguish the supravaginal and vaginal cervical parts. Only the vaginal area is visible, containing flat multilayer cells on the surface. In the transformation zone, the junction of two different types of epithelium is determined.

Reasons for appearance

Cervical erosion in both parous and nulliparous girls and women can occur for various reasons. Each type of erosion has its own causes.

In general, experts identify the following causes of erosion in nulliparous girls.

Intrauterine disorders. Congenital erosion is sometimes diagnosed in young girls and adolescent girls. This condition is not a pathology. The occurrence of the defect is due to a violation of the division of the epithelium into multilayer and single layer. The transformation zone shifts and becomes visible. As the cervical tissue develops and the levels of certain sex hormones normalize, the spot disappears.
Hormonal disorders. Estrogens influence the cervical epithelium. When the concentration of this hormone changes, erosion may occur, which is typical for pregnant women and women after menopause. When the cause is eliminated, the defect regresses on its own.
Sexual infections. It has been established that ectopia and true erosion are mainly accompanied by an infectious lesion. Various pathogens are on the surface of the ulcerative defect, causing its progression.
Early sex life. Intimate relationships before the epithelium has matured often causes a defect to appear.
Chemical contraceptives. Excessive use of chemical contraceptives can lead to ulcers.
Traumatization of the cervix. Rough sexual intercourse, abortion, complicated childbirth and other manipulations cause the appearance of ectropion, which leads to the appearance of an ulcer.

The following factors may predispose to the appearance of erosion:

having multiple sexual partners;
insufficient hygiene;
weakened immunity;
accompanying inflammatory processes in the reproductive sphere.

The exact mechanism of ulcer development the cervix has not been established.

Clinical picture and diagnosis

Ectopia can lead to serious complications due to the fact that this pathology is a background disease. Accordingly, there is a need for its timely detection and treatment.

The disease is asymptomatic. Latent progression of the erosive defect leads to its late diagnosis. As a rule, an ulcer is identified during a preventive examination or if a woman consults a specialist for another reason.

It is known that in 80% of cases the disease is complicated by various infections. They are often the reason clinical picture which may include:

pain syndrome;
cycle disorders;
bleeding;
pathological discharge.

Erosion can sometimes cause the appearance of copious mucus discharge due to the fact that the surface of the ectopia contains columnar epithelial glands that produce mucus. Also, during an examination by a gynecologist or during sexual intercourse, contact discharge may occur.

Diagnosis of erosion occurs during a visual examination of the cervix using a gynecological speculum. Appearance erosion depends on its type. In particular, a true defect looks like a wound with signs of inflammation. Contact with a gynecological instrument may cause bleeding.

The congenital spot has a smooth surface and clear contours; as a rule, signs of inflammation are not observed. Ectopia is detected in the vast majority of cases. The doctor notes the appearance of spots of various shapes and sizes, which are sometimes accompanied by inflammation.

In order to exclude dysplasia and malignant tumor of the cervix, as well as to determine the cause of the erosive spot, it is necessary to conduct a detailed diagnosis. Examination for cervical erosion in nulliparous girls and women includes:

simple and advanced colposcopy method;
PCR examination of a smear from the cervix and vagina for sexually transmitted infections;
general smear to determine microflora;
bacterial sowing;
cytological diagnosis.

A malignant neoplasm of the cervix is often disguised as erosion. For this reason, gynecologists advise that when background processes in the cervical epithelium are detected, undergo a thorough examination.

Treatment options

Doctors note that treatment methods for women who have given birth and women who have not given birth may differ. Several decades ago, surgical methods to eliminate the disease were not practiced due to the risk of complications. However, modern gynecology uses gentle treatment methods, and complications can occur extremely rarely.

Before proceeding with surgery, it is important to eliminate the causes of cervical erosion in nulliparous girls. If an infectious process is detected, it must be treated.

Drug therapy for cervical erosion in a nulliparous girl or woman includes the following drugs:

antibacterial;
anti-inflammatory;
antiseptic;
antifungal.

If the cervical erosion is small, treatment with drugs that promote its healing is possible. Experts prescribe suppositories and tampons, for example, based on sea buckthorn.

If the cervical erosion is significant or there is a need to eliminate it, gynecologists use several cauterization methods.

Cryodestruction involves freezing pathological tissues with liquid nitrogen. After the procedure, copious mucous discharge may occur. Cervical erosion must be small in size for treatment to be effective.
Laser vaporization is carried out using a non-contact method. The laser beam evaporates pathological cells, eliminating cervical erosion in a nulliparous girl. This tactic is used in the event of an erosive spot and other pathologies of the cervix. The disadvantages of cauterization include the inability to control the depth of impact and the capture of healthy tissue.
Radio wave cauterization is the most effective and gentle method. Cauterization occurs within the pathological tissue, and complications practically do not arise. This method can be prescribed to nulliparous girls and women.
Chemical destruction using drugs such as Solkovagin or Vagotil is carried out quite often in nulliparous girls. For small lesions of the cervix, this method is considered the safest and most effective. If cervical erosion has large sizes, then repeated processing is possible.

Many patients have heard that moxibustion should not be performed on nulliparous girls and women. However, modern methods surgical treatment allow you to eliminate the ulcerative defect without complications.

Cervical erosion is a defect of the mucous membrane that occurs due to various reasons. Pathology appears in quite at a young age and is often found in nulliparous women. The peak incidence occurs at the age of 20–30, that is, at a time when many representatives of the fair sex seriously think about motherhood. Any problem during this period is considered a potential threat to pregnancy, and erosion is no exception. But is this condition as dangerous as they say?

Question possible complications and risks are directly related to the problem of treating cervical erosion in nulliparous women. Contrary to popular belief, it is possible and necessary to treat pathology, but only when there are real indications for this. For the treatment of cervical diseases in women planning pregnancy, only safe and gentle methods are used. After proper therapy, successful conception and pregnancy of a child and independent childbirth on time are possible.

Erosion that may not be treated: myth or reality?

If you take a stroll through numerous Internet forums, you can find very interesting facts about the treatment of cervical pathology. For example, many young women are sure that erosion does not need to be treated. It is believed that the disease that occurs before childbirth is not dangerous, and after the birth of the baby it will go away on its own without medical intervention. Is it really?

There is only one form of erosion that really does not require treatment at a young age. We are talking about (pseudo-erosion). In this condition, the columnar epithelium of the cervical canal passes to the outer part of the organ. Upon examination, a pink spot is visible - erosion. This defect usually surrounds the opening of the cervical canal, but may be located as a small spot only on the upper or lower lip of the cervix.

With ectopia (pseudo-erosion) of the cervix, columnar epithelium is found in the area of the vaginal part of the cervix.

Ectopia that occurs before the age of 25 is considered a normal variant. This is not a disease, but only an individual characteristic of the body. Over time, the columnar epithelium will shift towards the cervical canal without any treatment. The pathology is detected in 40% of all gynecologist patients and is usually detected during the first examination in the mirror after the onset of sexual activity.

On a note

Bloody discharge after sexual intercourse is one of the main signs of erosion. If such a symptom appears, you should see a doctor.

Uncomplicated cervical ectopia does not require treatment. Regular observation by a gynecologist (at least once a year) and adherence to personal hygiene rules are recommended. Treatment is carried out only if there are indications:

Severe inflammatory process against the background of ectopia;
Frequent contact bleeding;
Combination of ectopia and other pathology (leukoplakia, CIN);
Detection of atypical cells and suspicion of cervical cancer.

Uncomplicated ectopia goes away on its own after 25 years. Erosion often disappears soon after the birth of the first child due to changes in hormonal levels.

Erosion that needs to be treated

Not only cervical ectopia is detected in nulliparous women. After examination, another pathology is often discovered:

True erosion is a defect in the mucous membrane after a burn, injury or inflammatory process;
Leukoplakia – keratinization of the mucous layer of the cervix;
Dysplasia, or CIN – cervical intraepithelial neoplasia;

Against the background of any of these diseases, acute or chronic cervicitis(inflammation of the cervix). When infected with HPV, papillomas are often detected - specific formations on the skin and mucous membranes.

Inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis) is associated with the activation of pathogenic microorganisms. Without proper treatment, it can lead to deep tissue damage and increase the risk of cervical erosion.

Important point

If any pathology of the cervix is detected, it is necessary to undergo examination for STIs, including human papillomavirus.

All diseases of the cervix, except for congenital ectopia, are subject to mandatory treatment. They do not go away on their own, and even changes in hormonal levels after childbirth do not greatly affect their course. Deep lesions of the mucosa (dysplasia II and III) are considered precancerous diseases and pose a real threat to a woman’s life. The choice of a specific treatment method will depend on the form of the pathology.

Diagnosis before treatment of pathology

Treatment of reproductive diseases is not carried out without preliminary diagnosis. Mandatory examinations include:

Screening for infections (including HPV and other STIs);
Colposcopy.

Analysis of the cervical epithelium (smear for oncocytology) is a mandatory condition for examining the patient before starting treatment.

According to indications, a biopsy is taken from the mucous membrane of the cervix. Further tactics will depend on the results obtained.

Possible options:

If uncomplicated ectopia of the cervix is detected, no treatment is carried out; the girl is recommended to visit a gynecologist every 6–12 months (if complaints arise, you should see a doctor as soon as possible);
When cervicitis develops against the background of erosion, treatment of inflammatory processes is indicated, after which tests are taken again, and treatment tactics are revised if necessary;
In the case of true erosion, its main cause is necessarily eliminated - cervicitis, the consequences of injury or burn;
If dysplasia, leukoplakia or ectropion is detected, the optimal treatment regimen is selected (drug and destructive methods);
If cancer is suspected, a woman is referred for consultation to a gynecological oncologist.(further tactics will depend on the results of the examination).

Modern methods of treating cervical erosion in nulliparous women

All methods of therapy must meet the following requirements:

Efficiency: low relapse rate;
The ability to capture the entire affected area at once and perform all manipulations in one step. Sufficient depth of penetration into the mucous membrane;
Safety: low risk of complications, including bleeding, infection;
No scars on the cervix after the procedure;
Possibility to take material for a biopsy (relevant if a malignant tumor is suspected).

If these conditions are met, manipulation is considered safe and can be used to treat cervical erosion in women planning pregnancy. The following therapy methods meet all these requirements:

Chemical coagulation

The essence of the method: the use of various medications for direct application to the cervix.

An effective non-contact method that guarantees getting rid of a defect on the mucous membrane without damaging healthy tissue. Does not require anesthesia and is performed on an outpatient basis. Considered one of the the best ways treatment of erosion in women planning pregnancy.

On a note

After radio wave exposure, no scars remain, the cervix is not damaged, conception, gestation and birth of a child proceed without any problems.

Radio wave coagulation is carried out using the Surgitron apparatus. During the procedure, the doctor acts on the lesion with the pathology with high-frequency radio waves. This method is recommended for nulliparous women, as it does not leave scars on the cervix.

Laser coagulation

The essence of the method: cauterization of the pathological focus with a laser beam.

It is used for the treatment of erosion, as well as the removal of condylomas, nabothian cysts and other formations on the cervix. Allows you to precisely remove only the affected tissue without touching healthy areas. Penetrates to a depth of 3–5 mm, so it is not used for deep defects.

Argon plasma ablation

The essence of the method: the effect of argon on a defect in the mucous membrane.

It is a contactless and improved version of DEK. Unlike electrocoagulation, it does not leave scars and does not provoke bleeding. Effective for shallow lesions of the mucous membrane (up to 3 mm).

On a note

Numerous positive reviews of modern methods of destructive treatment indicate that laser and radio wave coagulation are the preferred treatment options. Both procedures are painless. Recovery after manipulation takes 3–4 weeks. Reviews indicate that women tolerate these procedures quite well and subsequently do not experience problems with having a child.

In modern gynecology, DEC () is not used for the treatment of cervical erosion in nulliparous women. After this procedure, rough scars often remain, which subsequently interferes with conceiving and bearing a child. Natural childbirth after DEC is also not always possible, which significantly limits the use of this method in young girls.

Gynecologists have not come to a consensus regarding cryodestruction. The use of liquid nitrogen in nulliparous women is possible, but the method has its limitations. Cryotherapy is effective only for shallow mucosal defects, and often the doctor is unable to cover the entire affected area. The high frequency of relapses, a long recovery period, discomfort during and after the procedure - all this makes cryodestruction not the most suitable method of therapy for nulliparous women.

Drug treatment as an alternative to cauterization

Gynecologists are in no hurry to cauterize cervical erosion in young women. When the situation allows, the doctor prefers to take a wait-and-see approach. But if for uncomplicated ectopia regular observation is sufficient, then in the case of other diseases it is impossible to do without special therapy. Since most erosion occurs against the background of inflammation, the doctor may prescribe the following remedies:

Antibacterial drugs;
Antifungal agents;
Antiviral drugs;
Immunity stimulants;
Drugs that accelerate tissue regeneration.

In case of erosion that occurs against the background of inflammation, the attending physician will definitely prescribe a medicinal course of treatment.

Treatment is carried out locally, medications are prescribed in the form. The course of therapy can last up to 2-3 weeks. It is imperative to restore the vaginal microflora with probiotics. Such therapy, as a rule, does not remove the erosion itself, but makes it possible to get rid of the accompanying inflammation, eliminate unpleasant symptoms and reduce the risk of contact bleeding. In the future, the doctor may leave the woman under observation or suggest other methods of influence.

Surgical treatment: is surgery necessary?

Surgical treatment of erosion in nulliparous women is performed extremely rarely and only for special indications:

CIN II and III with a high risk of degeneration into cancer;
Malignant tumor of the cervix;
Inability to carry out treatment using other methods;
Erosion in combination with cicatricial deformation of the cervix.

Removal of the pathological focus is carried out in an operating room under general anesthesia. Loop excision or conization of the cervix is performed, depending on the shape and severity of the pathological process. After such an operation, there is a high risk of scar formation, which subsequently leads to natural problems during pregnancy and childbirth.

During conization, a cone-shaped area of the cervix with pathology is surgically removed.

It is important to understand: it is not the size of the erosion that is decisive when choosing a treatment method. A large defect does not mean mandatory surgery. Small but deep erosions sometimes require more serious intervention than a large surface formation. The final decision is made after a complete examination of the patient, including cytological examination and colposcopy.

Rehabilitation after treatment of cervical erosion

The reproductive health of a young nulliparous girl depends not only on how quickly the erosion was identified and treated. The rehabilitation carried out after the procedure also determines a lot. To ensure healing of the mucous membrane without complications, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

Limiting sexual activity until the cervical mucosa is completely healed. On average, a ban on intimate relationships lasts up to 4 weeks or until the next menstruation. The gynecologist will give precise recommendations after a follow-up examination;
Prohibition on sports and heavy physical labor within a month;
Compliance with the rules intimate hygiene: regular washing using neutral products, avoiding soap;
The use of drugs that enhance the regeneration of the mucous membrane and restore the microflora of the vagina (as prescribed by a doctor).

If pain, burning, bleeding or other undesirable symptoms appear after the procedure, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

If pain occurs during rehabilitation after treatment of cervical erosion, you should immediately contact a medical facility.

Practice shows that proper rehabilitation significantly increases the chances of a favorable outcome of the disease. On the contrary, failure to comply with the doctor’s recommendations is dangerous. Any factors that interfere with the normal healing of the mucous membrane can provoke the appearance of scars, which will further negatively affect the woman’s reproductive health and may interfere with the long-awaited pregnancy.

Complications: what will happen if erosion is not treated?

Is it necessary to treat cervical erosion in a young nulliparous girl? Yes, if there is significant evidence for this. Otherwise, the disease will develop according to one of the undesirable scenarios:

Erosion will grow, capturing more and more new areas of the mucous membrane, which in the future will lead to the development of complications;
Frequent inflammatory processes and contact bleeding will interfere with normal life, including in the intimate area;
Some cervical diseases can develop into cancer, which poses a direct threat to a woman’s life.

Dysplasia II and III, leukoplakia and some other diseases are considered precancerous conditions. The disease can last for years without showing itself in any way. Symptoms of cancer appear already in the later stages of the pathological process. Sometimes, to save a woman’s life, the uterus and appendages are removed. Of course, after a radical operation, there is no longer talk of a desired pregnancy.

Consequences of therapy

What are young women afraid of? The fact that after therapy you will not be able to conceive, carry or give birth to a child on your own. Unfortunately, such fears are quite justified in some cases. Until recently, serious complications were observed after the use of DEC. After cauterization, scars remained on the cervix of the uterus, the cervical canal narrowed, which led to serious problems:

Infertility due to severe stenosis of the cervical canal (sperm could not penetrate the uterus);
Isthmic-cervical insufficiency is a pathology in which the cervix dilates ahead of schedule, miscarriage or premature birth occurs;
Abnormalities of labor – scars prevent the cervix from opening during childbirth, which naturally leads to the need for a caesarean section.

After the advent of radio wave therapy and other progressive techniques, the risk of undesirable consequences for nulliparous women has become minimal. The development of complications cannot be completely excluded, and therefore gynecologists are in no hurry to cauterize erosion in young girls without obvious indications. The success of the operation largely depends on the qualifications of the doctor and the equipment at his disposal. A properly conducted rehabilitation period also affects the woman’s future reproductive health.

Qualified treatment of cervical erosion and proper rehabilitation have a beneficial effect on the ability to become pregnant and give birth to a healthy child.

Planning pregnancy and childbirth against the background of cervical pathology

The main question that worries a woman: is it possible to give birth with erosion? Cervical diseases usually do not interfere with conceiving a child. If erosion is not accompanied by scarring and stenosis of the cervical canal, sperm can easily penetrate into the uterine cavity, and fertilization will take place without interference. Difficulties arise only when erosion is combined with other gynecological diseases.

Pathology of the cervix does not interfere with pregnancy and does not affect its development. During pregnancy, the likelihood of infection of the erosion and the appearance of contact bleeding increases, but other problems are not expected. Cervical ectopia (pseudo-erosion) may disappear completely after the birth of a child due to hormonal changes.

On a note

If the ectopia has not disappeared within a year after birth, you should undergo a re-examination by a gynecologist.

Spontaneous childbirth with erosion is possible, but complications are not excluded. During childbirth, a rupture of the cervix may occur, which will provoke an increase in erosion or eversion of the mucous layer of the cervical canal outward. After the birth of a child, it is strongly recommended to be observed by a gynecologist in order to monitor the condition of erosion and not miss the development of complications.

Does this mean that? Not at all. No one knows how the disease will behave in conditions of changed hormonal levels. Gynecologists strongly recommend undergoing treatment before conceiving a child. You can plan a pregnancy 2-3 months after cauterization (in the absence of complications).

Interesting video: is it possible to cauterize cervical erosion in a nulliparous woman?

Expert opinion: when cervical erosion in a nulliparous woman requires treatment

Erosion in the tissues of the genital organs is a fairly common problem among the fair sex. According to statistics, in most cases, such a pathology develops after pregnancy (successful or interrupted). Nevertheless, cervical erosion in nulliparous girls is also diagnosed, because there are many causes of this disease. So what is the disease and how dangerous can it be? What should you pay attention to during diagnosis? Are there effective methods treatment? The answers to these questions are of interest to many patients.

Erosion: brief information about pathology

It is considered one of the most common ailments of the reproductive system. According to statistics, about 50% of women of childbearing age suffer from this disease. The disease is accompanied by a disruption of the structure of the epithelial layer that lines the cervical canal.

Cracks appear in the epithelial layer, which are then overgrown with other elements, which, accordingly, affects the properties and functioning of the organs of the reproductive system. The columnar epithelium begins to grow, spreading to other areas of the genital organs. As the disease progresses, small ulcers begin to appear in the wall. Cervical erosion is diagnosed in nulliparous girls, mothers and even pregnant women. This problem is quite common, so it is worth familiarizing yourself with the basic information about the disease.

Cervical erosion in a nulliparous girl: causes

Of course, first you should learn about possible risk factors. In what cases does cervical erosion develop in nulliparous girls? The causes may be different:

the presence of infections, especially those transmitted during sexual intercourse;
inflammation in the organs of the reproductive system, in which irritation of the mucous membrane of the cervix is observed;
disruption of the natural microflora of the vagina, which is observed, for example, with thrush;
changes in hormonal levels;
taking hormonal medications;
improper use of mechanical or chemical contraceptives;
a weakened immune system, which increases the risk of developing infectious or inflammatory diseases;
promiscuous sexual intercourse;
cervical injuries that can occur during gynecological procedures or too active sexual intercourse;
activation of papillomavirus or herpes infection;
in some cases, the pathological process begins in girls even before birth, in the womb.

It is in such cases that cervical erosion most often develops in a nulliparous girl. The reasons, as you can see, can be very diverse, so you should never ignore the problem.

What are the dangers associated with the disease?

Why is cervical erosion dangerous for nulliparous women? Its consequences can be very sad, especially when it comes to pregnancy. As the disease progresses, the tissue of the cervix loses its elasticity. Therefore, during childbirth there is a high risk of fetal asphyxia. In addition, there is a possibility of cervical rupture during the birth of the baby. In turn, this increases the possibility of severe infectious diseases of the reproductive system. Often, after severe cervical ruptures, women have problems with subsequent pregnancies - the number of miscarriages increases.

According to static data, cervical erosion in nulliparous girls can be accompanied by malignant tissue degeneration and, accordingly, the development of cancer. That is why it is important to diagnose the disease in time and begin to treat it.

Cervical erosion in nulliparous girls: symptoms

Unfortunately, in most cases the disease occurs without any visible signs. However, some changes are still worth paying attention to. Erosion of the cervix in nulliparous girls may be accompanied by the discharge of so-called leucorrhoea. Sometimes women complain of nagging pain in the lower abdomen, but they quickly pass.

Symptoms include spotting that appears regardless of the menstrual cycle; such disorders should alert the patient. In more severe cases, bleeding is possible, which appears, for example, during or after sex.

What procedures are needed to make a diagnosis?

How is cervical erosion diagnosed in nulliparous girls? Reviews from doctors indicate that in most cases the disease is discovered completely by accident, during a routine gynecological examination. When examined using mirrors, the doctor may suspect the presence of erosions, which is a reason for further tests:

Colposcopy is considered an informative diagnostic method. Using a special device (colposcope), the doctor must carefully examine the walls of the vagina and part of the cervix. To obtain more information, the tissue is treated with iodine solution or acetic acid - this way the doctor has the opportunity to see the boundaries of the erosion areas.

The specialist also takes a smear from the vagina, because it is important to determine the composition of the microflora. The same procedure allows you to determine the presence of bacterial pathogens.
Sometimes PCR diagnostics are also necessary, especially if there is a possibility of activation of herpes or papilloma viruses.
It is necessary to take urine and blood samples for analysis, and also determine the level of hormones in the blood.
is carried out if there is a suspicion of malignant tissue degeneration.

During diagnosis, it is important not only to determine the presence of erosion in the cervix, but also to identify the causes of the development of pathology.

Main stages of treatment

This disease requires complex treatment. Firstly, it is necessary to restore the normal structure of the cervix and prevent the increase in areas of erosion. Secondly, it is important to prevent the development of infectious and inflammatory diseases, which will only worsen the situation.

Erosion therapy includes both taking medications and the process of cauterizing the affected areas. There is an opinion that moxibustion is contraindicated for nulliparous women, as it can lead to problems in the future. This statement is partly correct. The simplest and most accessible method of cauterization is electrocoagulation. However, after the procedure, as a rule, quite large scars form on the cervix, which can make a subsequent pregnancy impossible.

Fortunately, there are many gentle cauterization methods known, after which there are practically no traces left on the tissue. So for nulliparous girls?

Suppositories and other drugs for the treatment of erosion

Medicine has at its disposal many medications for the treatment of the erosive process, mainly vaginal suppositories. For example, in modern medicine they use drugs such as Depantol, Suporon, Hexicon, and sea buckthorn suppositories.

These medications are easy to use at home. They accelerate the healing processes of erosion areas, promote the development of normal microflora, soften tissues, accelerate the removal of pathological secretions, and relieve a woman of discomfort. In addition, their cost is quite affordable. Unfortunately, treatment with suppositories alone is only possible early stages development of the disease. In other cases drug treatment must be supplemented by cauterization of the affected areas.

Cryodestruction of erosion: advantages and disadvantages of the method

What to do if cervical erosion is detected in a nulliparous girl? Treatment is often carried out using liquid nitrogen. The procedure is not too painful and does not last long. The doctor inserts a special cryoprobe into the vagina, after which he treats the erosion areas with liquid nitrogen, which has an ultra-low temperature. Thus, the damaged areas of the epithelium are frozen out.

The recovery period lasts no more than a few weeks. There are no scars left on the tissue (if the equipment is used skillfully), and the procedure is affordable. On the other hand, liquid nitrogen is ineffective for deep erosions, since it makes it possible to treat only superficial layers - there is a risk of relapse.

Treatment by chemical cauterization

One of the most accessible methods is considered to be cauterization of areas of erosion using special medications. For example, medications such as Vagotil or Solkovagin are often used. During the procedure, the doctor treats the affected epithelium with chemicals that destroy the columnar epithelium layer.

This technique is simple, and the drugs are inexpensive. However, about five consecutive treatments are required to achieve maximum effect. And again, this method is only possible in the case of small, shallow erosion.

Radio wave treatment of erosion

The safest and most painless method is carried out using a special device “Surgitron”, which makes it possible to destroy atypical epithelial cells. Modern equipment helps remove areas of erosion, even if they are located in deep layers. Moreover, the procedure is practically painless, and the recovery period is minimal. There is no direct contact with the patient's blood or tissues, so the risk of infection is minimized. It is this method that is recommended for nulliparous girls and women who are planning a pregnancy in the future.

Unfortunately, not every clinic can afford to purchase the equipment necessary for the procedure. And the cauterization itself will be expensive for the patient.

Is treatment possible with folk remedies?

Is cervical erosion treated at home in nulliparous women? Treatment folk remedies is possible only with the permission of the attending physician - in no case should you refuse medical care. Different folk recipes can be used as adjuncts, but cannot in any way replace full-fledged therapy.

Considered a good healing agent sea buckthorn oil. This product, by the way, contains vitamins and minerals necessary for tissues. Sometimes doctors recommend soaking a tampon in natural sea buckthorn oil and inserting it into the vagina. In the same way, you can treat erosion with honey.

Disease prevention

The issue of preventing cervical erosion is very relevant. Unfortunately, there is no medicine that can prevent the development of the disease. However, performing several simple rules will help avoid the disease or at least diagnose it at an early stage.

It is extremely important for women to adhere to personal hygiene rules and avoid casual sexual contact. You should definitely consult a doctor and choose safe, but effective means contraception, since the causes of erosion include not only sexually transmitted diseases, but also artificial termination of pregnancy. All infectious and inflammatory diseases must be diagnosed in time and treatment must begin immediately. Patients are also strongly recommended to visit a gynecologist twice a year for a preventive examination (even if there are no complaints about their health).

Untreated cervical erosion in nulliparous women leads to difficulties in conceiving and subsequent problematic childbirth.

A woman can hear a message from a doctor about cervical erosion during a routine examination or when visiting for complaints of other diseases. Practice shows that such a diagnosis is made to every second woman.

Treatment of cervical erosion in nulliparous women requires correct identification of the cause of the disorder and its exact nature, because “erosion” refers to several different conditions.

Causes of erosion

When informing a woman about the presence of erosion, the gynecologist does not specify what kind of condition he is observing. There are several similar conditions, common to which is a violation of the mucous membranes of the cervix. In fact, many doctors dispute the very name “erosion” (literally it means “destruction, ulcer”), considering the wording “ectopia” to be correct.

Normally, the doctor, examining the cervix in the mirrors, sees the external os of the cervix, covered with dense pink epithelium. The cells of this epithelium are flat, with strong walls, tightly arranged in rows. A covering of many layers of flat cells provides protection to the walls of the vagina and the external os of the cervix from mechanical and chemical damage.

Flat epithelium is adjacent to another type of integumentary cells - cylindrical, which line the cervical canal (located inside the cervix). This epithelium performs a completely different function - it secretes thick mucus, which seals the uterine canal from infection and third-party fluids.

In some cases, the cervical epithelium “forgets” its boundaries, columnar cells appear on the outer, vaginal side of the cervix. During the examination, the doctor may observe:

small cracks or spots on the cervix that bleed when pressed with an instrument - true erosion;
uneven red areas on the cervix, or ectopia (false erosion);
influxes of red epithelium - or congenital erosion.

The mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown, but the underlying circumstances that lead to this condition have been studied. The reasons for the appearance of the true form of pathology:

medical procedures - termination of pregnancy, installation of an intrauterine device;
hard sex;
use of sex toys;
infectious diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases.

It is diagnosed quite rarely - microcracks in the mucous membrane heal within 10-14 days. Healing can proceed naturally, and the squamous epithelium coating at the site of the lesion is restored, or columnar epithelium, characteristic of the cervical canal, will begin to grow in the area of cracks.

Causes of cervical erosion in a nulliparous woman:

changes in hormonal levels;
use of hormonal contraceptives;
infection with sexually transmitted infections, including sexually transmitted diseases;
HPV lesions.

There is also a congenital form of the disorder, which is diagnosed in girls and nulliparous girls. It is believed that the cause of the phenomenon is hormonal imbalance in the body of the mother and fetus during intrauterine development or hormonal disruptions during the girl’s development.

It is considered inappropriate to treat erosion of this type; its signs disappear on their own, without outside intervention, after reaching the age of 25 years or the birth of a child.

Is it necessary to treat erosion if outwardly this condition does not pose a danger? It usually occurs or is accompanied by inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs and decreased immune defense. This is partly because the thick, viscous mucus secreted by the cylindrical cells is not typical for the vagina, and is a breeding ground for infection that a weakened immune system cannot contain.

Ectopia forms growths on the surface of the cervix, which in severe cases can completely block the access of sperm to the cervical canal.

Factors that weaken the immune defense of a woman’s body and indirectly affect the development of ectopia will be:

frequent stress;
nervous and physical overload;
presence of systemic diseases;
past infectious diseases;
too early onset of maturation and sexual activity;
diabetes;
disorders of the thyroid gland;
psychosomatic factors.

Treatment of cervical erosion in nulliparous women is a complex process that takes into account both the physiological and psychological characteristics of the patient. Treatment methods must be as effective as possible, while at the same time gentle, in order to fully preserve the reproductive capacity of girls.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Changes in the mucous membranes of the cervix do not manifest obvious symptoms; the woman usually does not observe any unpleasant signs. Pathology can only be detected by examination by a doctor.

Erosion in nulliparous women can signal side symptoms that will indicate a complication, that a concomitant infection has appeared:

discomfort and spotting occurs during sexual intercourse;
yellowish or greenish leucorrhoea with an unpleasant odor is noted;
periodic pain in the lower abdomen may occur;
pink discharge appears.

These symptoms should alert a woman and become a reason to see a doctor.

The presence of the disease is confirmed by a visual examination in the mirrors and a thorough diagnosis. If necessary, specialized specialists are involved. The purpose of diagnosis is to determine the disorder in the formation of mucous membranes, the type, boundaries of the lesion and determine treatment methods.

The doctor refers the woman to:

general clinical blood test;
biochemical analysis;
analysis for the presence of sexually transmitted infections, HIV, HPV;
blood and urine tests for hormones (if necessary);
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;

A bacteriological culture of the smear is performed to determine the microbiological composition of the vagina, if necessary PCR research to identify specific viruses.

Important in determining the extent and size of the lesion is colposcopy - a specific examination of the cervix using a magnifying binocular with additional lighting.

Cervical examination is performed at the beginning monthly cycle(until 7 days). To identify altered cells, the doctor dries the surface of the cervix, then the surface is treated with a solution of acetic acid, which makes it possible to identify the erosion zone. To more accurately identify the lesion, secondary treatment is carried out with Lugol's solution, which stains the altered cells.

If there is a suspicion of a tumor, the doctor takes tissue from the affected area for histological examination. Based on the research conducted and the collected medical history, the doctor selects the desired treatment method. How to treat erosion will depend on the extent of the lesion detected - small and medium ones are treated conservatively, if large areas of erosion are detected, a decision to use cauterization is considered.

Treatment of erosion

Many nulliparous women are wary of treating erosion, fearing that it will not allow them to get pregnant and give birth normally. This is not true. Modern methods Treatment of cervical erosion for nulliparous women involves complete preservation of reproductive ability.

Congenital form

In the case of congenital erosions, a wait-and-see tactic is used - the doctor periodically monitors the girl’s condition. She is explained her condition and the rules of prevention, which are designed to prevent infection from occurring:

sufficient physical activity;
complete balanced nutrition;
selection of linen from natural fabrics;
careful adherence to personal hygiene;
use of high-quality hygiene products;
choosing one partner for sex;
use of protective equipment during sexual intercourse;
using pads instead of tampons during menstruation;
maintaining safety when swimming in open waters.

The doctor prescribes periodic examinations and smear sampling to examine the microflora. If infection has occurred, symptomatic treatment is undertaken.

Small and medium erosion

If small or medium-sized lesions are detected without the influence of infection, the doctor monitors the patient’s condition. If a woman is healthy and follows preventive measures, the body will correct the disorder over time. Observing the patient every three months, the doctor monitors the condition of the smear and the appearance of atypical cells. Treatment is indicated if the affected area increases. The doctor prescribes:

traditional methods of treatment;
anti-inflammatory drugs in case of infection;
restoratives ( vitamin complexes, immunostimulating drugs).

Conservative treatment can be long-term; if it is not effective, the use of gentle cauterization methods is considered.

Great erosion

If massive erosion of the cervix is detected, treatment in nulliparous women is optimally carried out by cauterization. The reason that caused the violation must first be thoroughly investigated. To do this, a comprehensive examination is used with the involvement of specialists - therapists, endocrinologists; the patient must undergo blood tests (general and biochemical, testing for HIV and sexually transmitted infections, hormone analysis). A smear is examined to determine the vaginal microflora.

After determining the cause, treatment is prescribed. Detected infections are treated first. In addition, the following are appointed:

hormonal drugs (if necessary);
anti-inflammatory drugs (antibiotics) in various forms;
restoratives;
suppositories;

After the condition has normalized, a control examination is carried out (the doctor must make sure that there is no inflammation and the intestinal microflora is normalized), and a date for cauterization is set. It is performed in the first week after menstruation. The methods that the doctor chooses depend on the technical capabilities of the clinic, the professional training of the staff, and the financial capabilities of the patient.

Cauterization methods

For cauterization, modern, invasive methods are used to treat cervical erosion in nulliparous patients without scar formation and deformation of the cervical canal. These include:

laser vaporization method;
chemical fixation.

Cauterization allows you to mobilize the body's forces to restore the epithelial cover on the cervix.

Laser cauterization is performed using a hydrocarbon laser and a working diode. The equipment allows you to very accurately outline the affected area and burn out the altered cells to the required depth. Large areas of the lesion must be treated several times, which makes the treatment extended over time.

A protective scab forms over the burnt area, which comes off on its own in 10-14 days; up to 30 days, a new, flat epithelium will form on the burn area.

During the recovery period, the woman is subject to restrictions that protect the intervention area from infection. Prohibited:

swimming in open water pools;
bathing in a sauna, hot tub;
hypothermia or overheating;
sexual intercourse;
use of tampons;
hard physical labor;
nervous overload.

The woman is recommended to give up smoking, fatty and heavy foods, and alcohol during the recovery period. The doctor conducts a follow-up examination after the first menstruation has passed. If you are planning a pregnancy, it is better to wait until your cycle returns and plan to conceive after your third period.

In a similar way, the affected area is exposed to the radio wave method, which is considered the most modern. Some gynecologists consider it the “golden” standard for the treatment of erosion. The advantages of the method are accuracy, bloodlessness, and painlessness. A thin film is formed at the site where the changed cells are cut. The restrictions after cauterization are the same as with laser vaporization.

In some cases, a chemical fixation method is used. The method consists of applying a tampon with a caustic agent to the damaged area of the mucosa. chemical composition to eliminate columnar epithelium. One of the economical and proven methods is used in the early stages of the onset of pathology.

If a woman does not comply with the rules of behavior during the rehabilitation period, erosion may resume, which will require re-treatment. In some cases, the reoccurrence of erosion will indicate an error in determination the real reason ectopia.

Traditional methods of treatment

For a woman who has not given birth, self-treatment of cervical erosion with folk remedies is unacceptable. She uses them only in consultation with her doctor. In the case of small and medium erosions, they can be used very effectively.

The most commonly used:

sea buckthorn oil is an effective wound-healing and anti-inflammatory agent with a powerful vitamin composition. Can only be used in the absence of pathogenic flora and inflammation in the vagina. For treatment, tampons soaked in warm oil are used, or the cervix and vaginal walls are lubricated with a heated substance; procedures are carried out at night; you can use candles with sea buckthorn oil;
liquid May honey - the administration procedure is similar to that described above, the swab with honey is removed after a few hours; you can make candles from equal quantities of honey, propolis and lard;
ointment with propolis (suppositories) that can be used in the development of an inflammatory process in the vagina. For the manufacture of medicine High-quality fat (vaseline) is used in a ratio of 1:10, injected on a tampon, the course of treatment is 10 days.

Any treatment for ectopia should be prescribed and monitored by a gynecologist.

Prevention of pathology

Ectopia is a condition whose development can be stopped by following simple rules of prevention:

careful adherence to personal hygiene;
timely treatment of inflammatory diseases;
correct contraception;
exclusion of abortion as a method of birth control;
avoiding alcohol and smoking;
maintaining optimal physical activity.

A strong immune system, correct sexual behavior, and the absence of bad habits will allow a woman to maintain a healthy reproductive system for a long time, conceive and bear a healthy baby.

Cervical erosion is detected in 85% of women, including teenage girls.

The disease can be asymptomatic for a long time, clinical manifestations are nonspecific, and it is almost impossible to suspect something is wrong. ESM is diagnosed only after a gynecological examination.

What it is

Visually, ESM looks like redness around the opening of the cervical canal. The lesion consists of multiple cracks in the mucous membrane, into which epithelial cells penetrate, which are not normally found on the surface of the cervix.

This epithelium is called ectopic. Ectopias often develop on intact mucous membranes. Then the patients are given .

Some forms of pseudo-erosion are considered normal when treatment is not required. However, even with this, you should be more careful about your health, for example, undergo regular preventive examinations with a gynecologist.

The doctor can notice in time possible changes in the condition of the affected area and, if necessary, prescribe treatment.

Causes, symptoms of the disease

Extensive erosion is a place for the vital activity of microorganisms, including pathogenic ones. Through the cervical canal, the infection spreads into the uterine cavity and, in advanced cases, reaches the appendages.

ESM complicated by inflammatory processes, can lead to infertility. Among the most dangerous infections that develop against the background of erosion are herpes, and.

As the disease develops, the possibility of degeneration of the normal epithelium of the mucous membrane of the cervix into an unusual squamous epithelium and its replacement by scar tissue cannot be excluded.

The scar prevents the normal opening of the cervix during childbirth, which can lead to rupture and even asphyxia of the fetus. Women with ESM have an increased risk of developing isthmic-cervical insufficiency during pregnancy and, accordingly, miscarriage.

Another unpleasant feature of the disease– high risks of complications after treatment with traumatic methods based on the destruction of ectopic epithelium.

Clotrimazole;
Hexicon;
Depanthol;
Livarol.

Conservative treatment is permissible only for mild lesions of a small area.

Selection of treatment regimen

There is no universal treatment regimen for ESM. When choosing treatment methods, the anatomical features of the structure of the reproductive organs in nulliparous and parous patients, the stage of the lesion, and the woman’s plans for the future are taken into account.

After the examination nulliparous patients are prescribed conservative treatment.

For minor lesions identified during pregnancy planning, the doctor may recommend postponing therapy until the birth of the child, since the disease sometimes goes away after childbirth.

Cervical erosion - potentially dangerous disease. The sooner it is identified, the easier it is to get rid of it. Treatment should be prescribed and carried out only by a gynecologist.