Lesson – a journey through the MHC “Dignified culture of all peoples”. Lesson summary on the topic "architecture of ancient Rus'" "Decent culture of all peoples"
Abstractlesson
Sketching the temple, combining it with the landscapeLesson Objectives
educational :
learn to depict:
A Look at the Form
The perception of geometric bodies, which form the basis of all the variety of figures,
Fulfill the established goal with graphite and paints
developing :
develop:
Sense of beauty
Memory and Imagination
raising :
bring up:
Interest in fine arts, understanding of architecture
Attention to painting, spirituality.
Equipment
paper, pencils, eraser, paints, interactive board, computer and drawings.
Progress of the lesson and consolidation of material
Forever my great-grandfathers And grandfathers
Carpenters were on Rus' .
Not neither them whether With early childhood looking ,
IN hands took sons axe .
Because And masters uncles
appear V district before these since then .
How many hewn father my logs !
Here They get up in front me :
Friend behind friend put their flush –
Was would belted ball terrestrial .
Forever my great-grandfathers And grandfathers
Carpenters were on Rus' .
Not neither them whether With early childhood looking ,
IN hands took sons axe .
Because And masters uncles
appear V district before these since then .
How many hewn father my logs !
Here They get up in front me :
Friend behind friend put their flush –
Was would belted ball terrestrial .
LowerOnega ( villageVoemozero)
Now no one can give a definite explanation of where the architecture took root: tented churches, similar to space rockets; huts and courtyards the size of half a five-story building; silvery aspen “scales” - ploughshares on roofs and domes. Something, of course, developed the strict northern climate - at least the same courtyard houses, where everything, from housing to stables, was built under one roof for protection from snow and frost. Something, most likely, was learned in ancient times from neighbors: Celtic temples from a distance resemble Varangian tents, and the eastern peoples try to challenge the fantasy of the tent. No matter what thoughts we express, all these types of buildings are at least a thousand years old, and for example, the main Sophia of Novgorod, built in the same year when the main event in Christianity took place - the Baptism of Rus', was a tented sanctuary. Raised by the light of natural history, these structures are as natural as the surrounding hills, groves and rivers.
Seven colorful samples:
- The Kizhi churchyard and museum in Karelia are the most impeccable (Preobrazhenskaya) and most surviving (Resurrection of Lazarus) wooden churches in Russia.
- Malye Karely near Arkhangelsk is the most significant Russian museum of wooden architecture.
- The chapels of the Kenozersky National Park are the most favorable reserve of wooden antiquities for recreation and excursions.
- Varzuga and other villages of the Tersky Coast in the Murmansk region are the northernmost ancient Russian villages.
- Kimzha and other villages near the Mezen River are the most indivisible and true wooden Rus'.
- Sretensko-Mikhailovskaya Church on the site of the disappeared village of Krasnaya Lyaga is the most enchanted place.
Nevsky Forest Park near St. Petersburg - the restored temple of the Vytegorsky churchyard, the largest and most complex of those that survived to XX century, but burned down in the 1960s
(study by Tatyana Leshchenko)
Kenozero, Vershinino village, St. Nicholas Chapel, the exact age is not available in the sources, but it is no secret that it was there long before 1846. Back at the very beginningXXThe bell tower was missing and was added later, completing the entire image. In the 80sXXcentury, the chapel fell into disrepair after the creation of Kenozersky National Park in 1991, the chapel was restored by Russian and Norwegian restorers. It took two years to restore.
The chapel stands on the crown of a hill, which is where the name of the village comes from.
(study by Tatyana Leshchenko)
Pochozero temple ensembleXVIII- XIX, Filippovskaya village, Plesetsk district, Arkhangelsk region. A unique temple complex consisting of two churches, the Finding of the Head of John the Baptist of the Origin of the Honorable Virgins of Christ, and a bell tower. In 2001, the temple complex began to be restored. The sketch of the restoration project was developed by the architect L. Tkachenko. The work was carried out over eight years.
(study by Tatyana Leshchenko)
KargopolskyR- He, villageRedLyaga. The mostantiquechurchKargopolskydistrict – Sretensko- Mikhailovskaya (1665) It hasformtent. IN 1894-1895 yychurchwascoveredexternalsheathingWitheclecticdecorVologdamasters. ChurchlocatedVdeplorableconditionontoday'sday, internaldecorationalmostNotpreserved.
“As measure and beauty say,” which acts as the genetic code of Northern Russian culture.
Thismetaphorberetits origins in the construction terminology of Russian wooden architecture. In the North, in many cases, churches were built on the initiative of peasants; they were often not only religious, but also social centers. The peasant volost world invited professional craftsmen - carpenters - to build churches. Temples were built from wood, and “woodworking” was “a custom” among the northerners. In orderly - a kind of written assignments - construction contracts that play the role of legal document, stipulated in detail what the church should be like.
These were a kind of verbal drawings, where similar buildings and forms were given as samples.Having receivedideas about the future structure, the craftsmen had to rely on their experience, instinct and taste. It is not for nothing that in the ancient contracts that were concluded between the master of the carpenter’s artel and the “world” (peasant customers), the following expressions are usually found: “to do to please”
“cut down” as “beautiful”, “... and build in height, as measure and beauty say.”
At the same time, we must not forget that language is one of the most important codes of culture. Language is its original, ancient basis, which always stands behind any cultural sign, because everything expressed by cultural texts can be expressed by means of language.
Folk culture with its calendar, predictions, signs, signs creates its own version of metaphorical symbolism. Metaphor as a cultural code serves to identify heuristic scientific hypotheses, and in science, metaphor is a necessary means of scientific creativity. Almost every new scientific concept appears as a kind of metaphor, becoming an accurate concept only over time.
By forming a cultural space, a person realized his understanding of the laws of nature, his vision of the world through such phenomena as a temple and a home. In the cultural space of the Russian North, the high status of the peasant house and temple was formed.
“The image of the Universe is consciously embodied in the temple.” The temple, as the most generalized, semantically rich image of the universe, occupied a central place in the sacred space of the northern peasant “world.” We must not forget that for a person, the living space organized by him is a kind of model of the surrounding world. Temples as symbols of the universe dominate this space, human housing is the second plan, outbuildings are the third.
Task: complete an image of a tented wooden temple
Lesson structure
Organizationalmoment (1-2 min.)
Setting goals and objectives for the lesson (2 min)
Explanation of the lesson of new material (15-25 min.)
Consolidating new material (10-15 min.)
Summing up the lesson (3-4 min.)
End (1 min.)
Lesson content
Organizing time
Hello! Please have a seat
Setting goals and lesson objectives
TodayWelet's startstudyRussianarchitecture, Aexactlywoodenarchitecture « RussianNorth», let's touch onSoortemplescitiesKursk.
Explanation new material
The concept of “Russian wooden architecture” as well as “culture of the Russian North”, concepts that have taken on the form of a unique formula. It evokes a number of stable associations - open spaces, deep rivers, forests, swamps, unique folk wooden architecture, reflecting methods of human adaptation to a harsh climate.
Methods and methodological techniques
Verbal: conversation;
Visual: reproductions;
Practical: demonstration of some techniques in painting and drawing of a thematic composition.
Equipmentclasses
Forteachers:
Forstudent:
Computer, books, reproductions, posters.
Album, pencils, paints, brushes, eraser, notebookForrecords, pen.
Schemeregistrationboards
Subjectlesson
Pedagogical drawing
Composition example
Subjectlesson
« Russianwoodenarchitecture»
Viewclasses
DrawingBymemory, Bysubmission
Typelesson
Combined
Goalslesson
Educational
Teach to form morality, aesthetics, think about beauty, about art, the concept of the role of fine art in the life of society. Learn to analyze a work of art from the point of view of constructing an image and observing the main laws in drawing and painting.
Developmental
Development of artistic and creative abilities of students, figurative and associative thinking, visual-figurative memory, emotional and aesthetic perception of reality, develop creative imagination.
Educating
Cultivate interest in fine arts, understanding of architecture, interest in painting, spirituality
Lesson topic: Russian wooden architecture
The topic is designed for two lessons in the eighth grade.The purpose of the lesson: see and understand the spiritual originality of Russian wooden architecture, which has no analogues in the art of other countries and peoples. Tasks:
- update knowledge about Russian wooden architecture; - introduce the artistic and architectural features of the Russian log church, using the example of Kizhi churches; - continue to develop skills in working with painting materials and paper plastics; - develop spatial thinking;
- learn to see beauty in the wise simplicity of the Russian log church and express your thoughts and feelings when perceiving the works of Russian architects and defending creative works; - contribute to the education of patriotism, a sense of beauty, a sense of camaraderie and mutual support.
Equipment: To the teacher:
- wooden model of a Russian hut (horse, crown, etc.); Supporting words – “hatchet work”, “Russian wooden architecture”, “heating - istpka - istba-izba”; Scheme of the tented temple; Computer and multimedia installation; Presentation with images of the architectural ensemble in Kizhi, Russian wooden buildings, an ancient wooden church in a Russian village; Literature about Russian wooden architecture; Recording of Russian folk songs.
During the classes: Teacher; - Good morning! I'm glad to meet you. The topic of our lesson is “Hatchet work.” (The title of the lesson topic is closed for now). Children whisper Teacher - Is something bothering you?Children: - How do you understand - clumsy work?- After all, clumsy work is very rough, ugly work.- Yes, just a blunder!Teacher: - Yes, you are right.
If we want to remember not kindlyCleaning up his affairs: clumsy work...But there is a cathedral in Kizhi, it was cut down with an axAnd any gilding pales before it!
Demonstration of the presentation (Tented Bell Tower and Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, Intercession Church, Chapel of St. Michael the Archangel, etc.)This is how the poet expressed his admiration, and what mood do you get when you see this ensemble?Children: - how many domes!- It’s just amazing, is this really a clumsy job!?- Churches are not like that now!- How beautiful! The student's message about Kizhi, the message is compiled by the student independently, and is checked in advance by the teacher.
For example, you can use the text “Wooden Tale” by E.I. Sturgeon "Living Ancient Rus'":
“Those who have not been to Onega think that Kizhi is an island accidentally lost among the expanses of water. Knowledgeable people they say that there are no less than 1,650 islands on the lake. Looking at the spruce and birch trees reflected in the water, at the sun blushing in the waves, at the clouds passing like weightless ships, I remembered the landscapes of Roerich, Nesterov, Pisakhov. The latter devoted his life to the Russian North, was a painter and storyteller.
We've been sailing for an hour...three. When the openwork tower of the Garnitsky lighthouse appeared in the distance, the boatman Savely Vasilyevich said:
Many people go to Kizhi now. There is no beauty like ours anywhere.
As a visible confirmation of his words, the golden domes of the Kizhi churchyard shone in the sun. Then everything was like a dream. I jumped onto the clayey shore and ran to meet the wooden fairy tale, the miracle that the carpenters and architects had created. The sun was washing behind the uneven edge of the forest... What is Kizhi? Two multi-domed churches, separated from one another by a bell tower. Everything is made of wood. Twenty-two chapters of the Transfiguration Cathedral.
Many, many domes covered with ploughshares - carved plates of aspen, which, shimmering in the sun, seem golden. Seagulls hover over the domes, and together with the white-winged birds, the entire building rushes upward to the sky-high heights.
Who created this forest and lake fairy tale - the Transfiguration Church? The boatman spoke simply and touchingly, his words were in harmony with the quiet affection of the Transonezh distance:
The carpenters worked for a long time, hauling wood chips in carts. It's easy to see with the eye. He is a master's eye, and his hand is a worker. The chapters were erected, and the brand new walls were painted over, like young women at a party; A master named Nester approached the lake. The carpenters surrounded him. Nester had an ax - a sight for sore eyes. There was no such ax in all of Zaonezhye. People said that Nester’s ax was enchanted. What did he, master, do? He kissed the ax and threw it into the lake. The carpenters began to make noise and began to feel sorry - is it possible for such a tool to disappear in the water? Nester answered them: “They set up a church that never existed, does not exist and will never exist again. And my ax now belongs at the bottom. "
The Transfiguration Church is a monument to Russian military glory. It was built in 1714, when military happiness began to serve Peter’s troops in the Northern War. The Swedes constantly devastated the lake Russian North. Getting rid of the ever-present threat was a joyful event.
The impression of the Church of the Transfiguration is enhanced by the height of the building, reaching about 40 meters. There are no frescoes here, simple log walls create a feeling of homely peace. The place of frescoes was taken by icons. The creations of local artists are simple, simple in composition, and vocal in their colors.
Next to the bell tower is the Church of the Intercession, surrounded by carved wooden lace. The sun is already high above the island. As the lighting changes, so does Kizhi. It's hard for me to leave this fairy-tale world.
So what is Kizhi? Kizhi is a testament to descendants, a command to love your country. Kizhi is the immortal Ancient Rus', the artistic past living in the present.”
Teacher: -
Kizhi is not a monument, not a cross,
Not a temple or nature.
And I won’t get tired of repeating -
Kizhi is the soul of the people.
Yes, Kizhi is an amazingly beautiful open-air museum of Russian wooden architecture. It’s so good that there were people who collected and preserve monuments of Russian wooden architecture. If each of us did everything we could on our own piece of Earth, how beautiful our land would be!
And today we will not only get acquainted with the architectural and artistic features of light brown wooden architecture, but we will also play the role of master architects and create our own little Kizhi!
I open the topic of the lesson - "Russian wooden architecture."
Remember, in our lessons we have already met with you original Russian wooden buildings. Then these objects in my hands should tell you something. I hand over the collapsible model of the hut to the students.
Children: - Yes, we got acquainted with architecture in both 4th and 5th grades.
We remember the Russian hut, ancient images and symbols in folk art.
Teacher: - The word “Izba” - (V. Dahl’s dictionary) comes from the word istopka - istpka - istba - hut.
Crown - from the word “wreath”, girls in Rus' wore wreaths on their heads, and in the hut the crown was not round, but square.
This is how the walls of the hut were built (I demonstrate it on the model).
The ends of the logs, laid out in a quadrangle, are connected to each other using grooves specially cut out with an ax.
One such row was called the “crown”. And the hut was built like a wreath, tightly intertwined crowns were placed one on top of the other.
Teacher: And what does this object talk about? I show you a toy horse.
Children: last year was the year of the white horse!
Teacher: What does this have to do with Russian wooden architecture?
Children: - The ridge is the upper junction of two roof slopes. In Rus', a horse has always been the personification of strength, goodness and beauty, symbolizing the sun moving across the sky (slide with an image of a horse on the roof of a hut).
Teacher - well done, how well you remember everything. With the help of an ax, without a single nail, craftsmen learned to chop down not only huts. But also tall, beautiful buildings - towers, temples, mills. There are many wooden houses around our school; you pass by them every day. Have you noticed that many of them are decorated with wooden carvings?
Children: - Yes, there is such a house on our street, it is decorated with carvings and there is a wooden cockerel on the roof. This is my grandmother's house. All passers-by stop, admire, and feel joyful!
Do you like this beauty?
Student: - Yes, but it’s a pity that there are fewer and fewer such houses.
Teacher: - Isn’t it up to us?
Let's move our minds back 600 years and try to imagine how an unknown Russian carpenter came to a small northern monastery, he liked its discreet beauty, its peace and tranquility.
I draw with chalk on a blackboard - He first laid a foundation of boulders, then cut down a small square hut-cage, built a canopy from the west, a barn part from the east, and covered everything with a gable roof. On the middle, highest part, the builder placed a small onion-shaped dome with a cross.
That's all. The church was ready.
Look what she is like? (slide with image).
Children:
Small;
Modest;
Poor;
Inconspicuous;
It looks more like a barn or a peasant hut than a “temple of God.”
Teacher: - Yes, the angular, at first glance, log Russian hut is a real masterpiece of folk construction art, the basis of wooden architecture.
Take a close look at this ancient, inconspicuous temple. Try the simple - see the complex, look at the ugly and see the beautiful, look at the small and see the great!
Children: - If you look closely, there is so much taste in it!
– What exact proportionality!
Some kind of special spirituality that is inherent not in craft, but in art.
Teacher: - Indeed, earlier churches looked like huts. A little more time will pass and this groundedness, the everyday life of a small hut will disappear with the transition from cage to hipped-roof architecture (demonstration of the scheme of a hipped-roof temple).
Take a closer look, what elements of wooden architecture are familiar to you?
Children: - The log house below is like a Russian hut!
Teacher: - This is a quadrangle, why is it called that?
Children: Because the base is made of four logs.
Teacher: In a small church the hut was crowned with a dome, but here a new element appears - it’s called an octagon. Why was he called that?
Children: - It is based on eight logs.
Teacher: - The octagon usually crowns the tent, and the heads shine above all. At the bottom, such a building is surrounded by a hospitable porch - a walkway. (slide with an image of a tented temple)
So, what parts does the structure of a tent temple consist of?
Children: - from the gulbische, quadrangle, octagon, tent and high against the blue sky the domes shine!
Teacher: - Well, if everything is clear, it’s time to test yourself as a master.
Today, and in the next lesson, we will create our own little Kizhi, using previous experience of working in groups and the experience of Russian masters, knowledge gained in the lessons. I suggest performing the creative task in groups, optionally, or individually. Any materials can be used.
Students are divided into groups.
Teacher: - Now that the groups have decided, tell me, in what technique will your creative work be performed?
Children:
We will paint with paints, we will be artists!
And we will be architects, we will create a model of the church from paper.
Teacher: - Wonderful! Remember our golden rules of teamwork. Having completed it, you will protect it.
Each group prepares a defense; the teacher provides assistance by providing students with literature about Russian wooden architecture.
Defense of the Group I project:
Children:
We depicted the wooden church with paints to convey the beauty of the warm colors of wood, an original Russian material that harmonizes so perfectly with nature. The rich patterned decoration of huts, churches and even a small mill is similar to the openwork and transparency of the northern forest. The swan song of ancient Russian wooden architecture organically combines centuries-old experience of technical and artistic achievements of the past and elements of architectural innovations. The only decorative element is the openwork visor surrounding the figure of eight, as if revealing and emphasizing the laconicism of the volumetric design of the monument. With our work we wanted to show that the Russian church is a natural development of ancient, primordially Russian architectural and construction traditions, the most vivid and perfect embodiment of artistic tastes that have developed among the people.
The Russian Church is like a broad, free song that flows from the depths of the heart, like a joyful hymn to the glory of man, the power of his hands and mind. Through the language of architectural forms, it expresses proud beauty, triumph over the enemy.
Protection group II:
Children: - Our group worked on the layout. These are our little Kizhi.
We, of course, tried to implement it in accordance with the architectural canons of Russian wooden architecture, which we learned about in class: here is a church on a low and massive quadrangle, a high octagon is crowned with a tent. Nearby there is a high tented bell tower and beautiful wall-mounted church buildings. But most importantly, enchanted by the beauty of Kizhi, we wanted to betray the spiritual originality of Russian wooden architecture and tried, at least for a short time, to imagine ourselves among the harsh northern nature, in the circle of courageous and strong people - Pomor fishermen, hunters and woodcutters, carpenters and poets. Our church also stands firmly and proudly, like a peasant seasoned in constant continuous struggle with northern nature. A tall, straight figure of eight, like our Russian people, who have never bent their backs over their oppressors.
Tall tents are our Russian spirit of love of freedom, striving for the spiritual and eternal. With our layout we wanted to emphasize the talent of the Russian people, their developed sense of beauty, a people who could only perform such a miracle with an ax. The ancient masters remained nameless, but each of them left on their piece of land a miracle that has been decorating our land and our lives for many centuries. And if it were our will, we would erect a monument to the master of axes in Rus'!
Teacher: - Thank you guys, you summed it up yourself, you did a great job in the lessons. I will be glad if I awakened in you the desire to make our lives cleaner, kinder, more beautiful!
Literature:
1. Kizhi: Spec. lit. / National Library of the Republic of Karelia; Compiled by: Osipova T.V., Terpugova T.V.; Artist Kalyukov I.K. - Petrozavodsk: RIO Komizdat RK, 1995
2. The marvelous island of Kizhi. Popular science publication for youth / comp. D.N. Moskin., Petrozavodsk: PetroPress, 2005.
3. Trifonova L.V. Decorative and applied art of Pudozh and Zaonezhye in the collection of the Kizhi Museum, Petrozavodsk, 2004.
Electronic resources:
Material downloaded from the site - Online teacher communities
Lesson 4 – 5 Topic: Architecture of Ancient Rus'
Epigraph:
Musical epigraph:
M. I. Glinka “Kamarinskaya” part 1.
Equipment:
Multi-media projector, slides, table - plan of the cross-domed church.
The purpose of the lesson:
Acquaintance with the architecture of Ancient Rus' and the first stone temples.
Tasks:
Educational:
Show students the features of temple construction in Kyiv, Veliky Novgorod, Suzdal, Vladimir.
What did Ancient Rus' adopt from Byzantine architecture?
How Russian identity influenced the development of domestic architecture.
Educational:
Learn to compare the architecture of different cities of Ancient Rus'.
Be able to evaluate the contribution of Byzantine masters, as well as the art of Russian “woodworkers”.
Develop an interest in learning about Slavic culture.
Educational:
Foster interest and respect for architectural monuments.
To promote independent study of the history of Russian architecture.
Develop a sense of national identity, patriotism
Enrich the spiritual world of students.
During the classes:
Introductory conversation.
What did we talk about in the last lesson?
About the artistic art of Rus' in the pre-Christian period.
What changed in the culture of ancient Rus' with the adoption of Christianity?
They began to build stone churches, paint icons, writing, literacy, chronicle writing, literature developed….
Watch the slide film and try to determine the topic and purpose of our lesson.
Glinka's music is playing, and on the screen is a slide film with images of ancient Russian temples.
Epigraph on the screen: Architecture is music in stone.
Essay by Ustyantseva K.“Architecture is music in stone.”
What attracted Vladimir most to Christian worship?
In their answers, students should emphasize the beauty of the ritual, the decoration of the temple and the chants.
- What kind of architecture was mostly represented in the pre-Christian era in Ancient Rus'?
- Yes, of course, wooden.
- And in Byzantium?
- Only stone construction, houses and temples were tall and had external decorations, especially in the Gothic era.
1. St. Sophia Cathedrals.
Large stone construction began in Rus' only in the 10th century, this was the construction of Christian churches, and, naturally, according to the Byzantine type. The pride of Constantinople was the Church of St. Sophia.
The Byzantine art system best glorified and affirmed the inviolability of secular and church hierarchy, on which the Kyiv state stood. Foreign travelers called Kyiv the second Constantinople. Speaking about the creation of medieval architecture, one cannot fail to note that it acts on the soul as something material. The soul feels depressed, and the feeling of depression is the beginning of reverence. Such temples that would evoke awe and were needed by the sovereign rulers of the Rurikovichs.
Creative homework: Presentation of “Sofia Cathedrals” by Katya Perminova
After the presentation, work in groups: using the diagrams, compare:
Group 1, 3: Churches of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and Kiev
Group 2.4: Churches of Hagia Sophia in Kyiv and Novgorod.
The table is filled in.
| Church of Hagia Sophia Constantinople | Church of Hagia Sophia Kyiv |
|
| Common features | ||
| Differences | ||
What features of Byzantine architecture were adopted by Russian masters?
What is unique about the Kyiv Church? What is unique about Novgorod Sofia?
While adopting the Byzantine cross-domed form of the temple, Russian masters also used the tradition of wooden architecture - multi-domes. For his temple construction, Vladimir commissioned Greek architects as the most skillful and famous in the entire Christian world.
- The base of the temple is a square, dissected by four pillars, and the rectangular cells adjacent to the dome space form an architectural cross. This is how a stone temple was built in Rus' under Vladimir - Tithe Church, this is how Sophia of Kiev was built under Yaroslav the Wise. And yet the thirteen chapters of St. Sophia of Kyiv, the most majestic architectural monument Kievan Rus, do not find their prototype in Byzantium. Such a powerful multi-domed structure is a purely Russian phenomenon, which transformed the appearance of the cross-domed church *. 
I show students an image of two temples - Constantinople and Kyiv. Students note the differences in the architecture of these temples. Thus, children are once again convinced of the originality of Russian architecture; churches are distinguished by their multi-domed structure.
About the St. Sophia Cathedral, Metropolitan Hilarion wrote that this church “is marvelous to all the countries surrounding it, as if nothing else will be found at midnight on earth, from east to west.”
- Sophia of Kiev is decorated with mosaics and frescoes by visiting artists, mainly Greek. The mosaics retain all the beauty and sophistication of the Byzantine style, but they are less contemplative, more vital energy, addressing people.
The Mother of God in the conch of the apse of Kyiv Sophia, standing with raised hands - the canonical type of Oranta (praying) - was perceived by the people of Kiev as the image of the defender of the city, the personification of the “mother of Russian cities” herself. The protective gesture of raised hands was reminiscent of the ancient Bereginya of the Slavs. The figure seems alive: it seems to be walking towards those entering the temple, looking into their eyes. The image of Oranta is full of charm, warmth and light.
We conduct a conversation about this image in a computer lesson, where there is not only an image of the temple, but Oranta herself is beautifully presented, children examine the details of the image - the expression of the eyes, the details of clothing, the praying gesture of the hands and her “movement” towards the parishioners.
With great force, the original, popular stream of Russian architecture made its way in Novgorod and its “younger brother” - Pskov. And again I turn to the slides or the computer and look at Sofia of Novgorod and the Pskov Kremlin. The architecture of these cities was courageous, magnificent in its simplicity and integrity. After the majestic Sophia of Novgorod, after the Yuryev and Anthony monasteries, no large churches were built in Novgorod. These were mainly house churches, whose customers were boyars and merchants. They were built well, thoroughly, comfortably, but not luxuriously. As they said about this construction, “they are not cut so well, but they are sewn tightly.” (And again I show images of temples, small and mostly single-domed).
2. Architecture of the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality.
Before we talk about the architecture of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, we watch a slide film with the students: this is the church, temples of Vladimir, Suzdal, the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl.
Creative tasks: presentations by Satler R., Gladysheva N.
I invite the children to comment on this architecture themselves, compare it with that of Kyiv and Novgorod.
By the 12th century, a characteristic Russian type of cross-domed white stone church had developed: four-pillar, single-domed, with a semicircular dome on a high drum and protruding semi-cylindrical apses on the eastern side. During this period of time, the primacy belonged to the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. The principality enjoyed its greatest prosperity under Andrei Bogolyubsky, the son of Yuri Dolgorukov and Vsevolod the Big Nest.
The basis of Russian statehood was Zalesie, the name of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, founded by Vladimir Monomakh. In the edge of the forests, wooden architecture and wooden sculpture flourished; nothing remained of them, but the art of the “woodworkers” aroused the admiration of contemporaries.
- The earliest of the temples that have reached us were erected under his son Yuri Dolgoruky. And today the Church of Saints Boris and Gleb, built in those years, stands in the village of Kideksha, four kilometers from Suzdal (see the image of this church) and the Cathedral of the Transfiguration in Pereslavl-Zalessky. The church in Kideksha is the first church built of white stone, local limestone. From her came the dazzling white stone architecture, which created world fame for Vladimir on the Klyazma. This simple but proud church leaves no one indifferent even in our time.
The poet Ekaterina Sheveleva speaks about this in her poem “Church at the entrance to Suzdal”
We drove past. She begged me to come back.
“Why do you need a scanty picture of this belfry?
The city of Suzdal - further away, as a single ensemble,
Above the tranquility of the arable lands - a swan’s wing.”
I begged him to use up the film anyway.
On a piece of off-road land, on a little church-hut.
Somewhere in the wilds of history, in the callousness of thought,
Russian people built low heights.
But the crushed roof is rounded softly,
The arch bends like a sly eyebrow.
So she made her way
From the frame - a freak -
Inspired rage
Harmony of proportions.
It was to Vladimir that the son of Yuri Dolgoruky, Andrei Bogolyubsky, moved his residence. According to the chronicler, Andrei “strongly arranged” Vladimir, attracted “cunning merchants, artisans and handicraftsmen of all kinds” to it. But just as the Sophia of Constantinople is a masterpiece of Byzantine art, and Romanesque cathedrals are masterpieces of Western European medieval architecture, monuments such as the Vladimir Assumption Cathedral, the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl and the Vladimir Demetrius Cathedral are the greatest masterpieces of Russian art.
And again we work with slides or on a computer, consider the features of these temples, compare them with the temples of Kyiv and Novgorod.
These monuments reveal the soul of our people during a certain period of historical development. What clarity and what harmony with the surrounding landscape. It takes your breath away when you stand on the steep bank of the Klyazma and imagine the picture of our contemporary Ilya Glazunov “Two Princes”, when the old prince shows the young one where the danger comes from, it is there, across the river, that a fire is blazing. And the prince’s task is to protect his principality, his people and everything that was created by his talented hands.
Masterpieces of art are created forever. Vladimir and Suzdal occupy a place of honor among the European cities richest in artistic treasures of world significance. The Assumption Cathedral (1158-1161) was erected in the center of Vladimir on a high coastal cliff. Majestic, surpassing everything around and subjugating itself, like the power of Prince Andrei.
- In this cathedral, for the construction and decoration of which Prince Andrei allocated a tenth of his income, there was the greatest Russian shrine - the icon of Our Lady of Vladimir, a masterpiece of Byzantine art.
- And two and a half centuries after the construction of the Assumption Cathedral, the great Rublev decorated it with frescoes, which represent the shining pinnacle of ancient Russian monumental painting.
In all of Russian poetry, which has given the world so many unsurpassed masterpieces, there is, perhaps, no monument more lyrical than the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl; this architectural monument is perceived as a poem imprinted in stone. A poem of Russian nature, quiet sadness and contemplation. Tradition says that Prince Andrei built this temple “in the meadow”, not far from his Bogolyubsky chambers after the death of his beloved son Izyaslav - in memory of him and to pacify his sadness.
And now, on the computer and on the diagram on the desks, we examine two temples: the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl and St. Demetrius Cathedral.
We try to find commonalities and differences in the architecture of these buildings.
(work in groups)
We find it in the diagram and carry out the task of matching the concepts (components of a Christian church) and their definitions.
Student findings
Under Vsevolod the Big Nest, the Demetrius Cathedral was built in Vladimir - this is a single-domed, four-pillar cross-domed church. Unlike the churches of Yuri Dolgoruky, the Demetrius Cathedral is emphatically majestic and structured in its own way, “but this is not the refined feminine grace of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, but powerful, beautiful coherence and courageous proportionality... Not a single detail disturbs the majestic, slow rhythm of the princely cathedral” ( N.N. Voronin).
But not only the form amazes with its grandeur and power, but also the external decoration of the temple, where the talent of Russian stone-cutters was fully demonstrated, evokes great admiration. Like a wonderful fairy tale, the white stone carving unfolds widely before us. Everything that was created in Rus' that was remarkable in filigree, engraving, enamel, basma, hand-written ornaments and especially in wooden carvings was reflected in the visual and decorative motifs of this masterpiece of Vladimir masters.
The carved decoration of the Dmitrievsky Cathedral occupies more than half of the wall, winds along the columns of the arched belt, rises, filling everything, to the zakomar and then, in the same patterned way, ascends along the drum, covering almost the entire building with openwork, so that it seems as if in front of us is a precious casket, lushly embroidered fabric trimmed with tassels of a columnar belt.
But it was not for the sake of beauty that so much attention was paid to the decoration of temples. Here is what N.P. Kondakov writes about this: “The temples (of the Vladimir-Suzdal region) were decorated with the expectation that the crowds of people milling around them on holiday would find the time and desire to examine the instructive themes of the external decorations and would use them as a visual instruction and church teaching."
Summary:
How did the monuments of stone religious architecture of Kievan Rus differ from Byzantine examples?
What were these differences, and explain why they appeared?
How do the churches of Vladimir and Suzdal differ from those in Novgorod and Kyiv?
Which of them showed more Russian character?
Reflection.
Complete the sentence:
When I imagine the temples of ancient Rus', I see...
I hear….
I feel….
Consolidation: Test (in the second lesson)
D/Z: prepare reports on icon painting in ancient Rus'.
Lesson – journey through the MCC
“Dignified culture of all peoples.”
Target: Repetition and generalization on a topic based on creative skills.
Generalization and systematization of students' knowledge.
Tasks:
Development of cognitive activity and creative abilities of students;
Forming an interest in knowledge and the ability to work with additional literature;
Formation of the elements of the most different cultures: culture of communication, speech, plastic arts, ethics, clothing, relationships;
Development of elements creative activity as qualities of thinking - intuition, spatial imagination, ingenuity;
Memory development;
To develop self-confidence in students through lessons.
Equipment: illustrations, application of TSO, excerpts from literary and musical works, presentation.
Teacher - The theme of our theatrical travel lesson is “Dignified culture of all peoples.” And today we will take you on a fascinating journey into the past.
SOUNDS: musical fragment "To Eliza"
Teacher- Teachers!
Everyone has them
And knowledge from generations
Passed on through generations.
And collecting knowledge bit by bit
We build, we write, we create!
It doesn't matter where we use them,
But what matters is how and why... we live!
(in the text, children take their places)
ARCHITECT-
Teachers of eras and generations
I, an architect, build temples and housing.
My creations all over the planet...
Leaning Tower of Pisa celebration.
And the wise sphinx, and the Church of St. Xenia.
I recreated thanks to the teachers.
MASTER-
I sing praise to those masters
Who put my mind into my hands.
I am a master! I can do everything, I can do everything.
Folk creations are my guarantee of this.
And the Zhostovo tray, and the Tula samovar,
Chinese porcelain, Russian matryoshka.
I have carried the culture of nations for centuries
There's no greater praise I could say
Any folk master.
PAINTER-
I am a painter!
Praise be to the teachers!
Me and Rembrandt, and Picasso and Aivazovsky.
I will give you faith through the icon!
Creations of Rublev, Theophanes the Greek...
COMPOSER –
And I will make you cry and laugh,
Sad and happy
Grieve and be reborn.
I will touch your soul with a key, a string
Or maybe like Lel and a simple pipe.
I will sing the anthem to the teachers with my music
Who gave us knowledge.
Teacher -
We through our creativity
By work, play and KVN
We get to know the art and culture of all countries
And we call all this a lesson.
So together creatively, spiritually and culturally
We are growing as individuals!
The teacher and students are in front of you.
If you want to know more about us, see:
And you will see everything for yourself!
SOUNDS: harp - Boyan comes out, the Bell is projected, the epigraph.
BOYAN - Bells!
Your sonorous ringing -
The language of the earth
Who fed me.
Joy lives in you,
Ex's life...
Teacher - Bells...for many centuries they have accompanied the life of Christians with their ringing. They measured the course of the day, illuminating the time of work and rest, sleep and wakefulness. Since ancient times, bells in Rus' have invariably accompanied holidays and celebrations, informed people about important events, invited people to rallies, showed the way to travelers lost in bad weather, and on tragic days for the Motherland they called for the defense of the Fatherland. Amazing story Bell music goes back to antiquity. But in Rus', bell ringing became a national art: it entered music, was reflected in literature, and in painting.
Teacher - Let's remember when bells appeared in Rus'? Can we imagine the history of our country without the ringing of bells? And who created them?
1st student - in 1530, Ivan Afanasyevich poured out a bell for Novgorod, its ringing was likened to a “terrible sounding trumpet.”
2nd – “This surpasses human strength! There is nothing like this rarity, great, amazing and unique in the world, there has never been and never will be!” This is what the historian from Byzantium Pavel Aleppo wrote about the Great Assumption Bell of the Kremlin. A giant weighing 800 pounds (128 tons) seemed like a miracle. The great bell work was carried out by the very young Alexander Grigoriev in 1655.
3rd – The largest bell not only in Russia, but in the whole world was cast in Moscow in 1773-1735. Ivan Motorin and his son Mikhail. Its weight is 200 tons.
4th-Ringing a bell was one of the favorite pastimes of the Russian people. There was a special charter for ringing, which indicated how to ring on weekdays and holidays. It was considered the greatest honor to greet the best people of the fatherland with the ringing of bells.
5th - In Rus', bells were treated as living beings, they were given nicknames: Gabriel, Reut (howler). Wide, Swan, Bear - depending on the nature of their sound.
Teacher - The everyday ringing of bells contrasts sharply with the upbeat festive ringings. It is performed by 1 bell ringer. Let's listen.
Sounds: Everyday ringing of bells
Teacher - In the time of Peter! The Yegoryevsky ringing, characterized by its smooth and dimensional rhythm, became widespread. The powerful sounds of 3 large bells fill the space with harmony. The sound of small bells especially stands out against their background. Listen.
Sounds: Yegoryevsky ringing.”
Teacher - During fires, disasters or other incidents, one more sonorous bell was heard. This kind of ringing is called Alarm or Alarm. In ancient times, alarm bells were called “veche” bells because they were rung when people gathered at a meeting. Listen to this ringing.
Sounds: Alarm bell.
Teacher - At the end of the 19th century, musically gifted Rostov bell ringers created their own original ringing, in which the crayons behind the ringing bells convey a cheerful festive peal, and the middle ones open up creative space for new melodies. Let's listen to the holiday bells.
Sounds like holiday bells.
Teacher - And how the bells resonated in our Russian literature! Their ringing can be heard in it from ancient times right up to the present day. Let's remember some.
1st – They don’t sleep. They don’t remember, they don’t trade,
Over the black city, like a groan,
Stands, tormenting the dead night,
Solemn Easter bell.
2nd – 7 hills – like 7 bells!
There are bell towers on the seven bells.
All bills are forty forty.
Bell Semikholmie.
M. Tsvetaeva
3rd – Day of the Orthodox East,
Hallowed, hallowed great day,
Spread your gospel widely
And dress the whole of Russia with them!
F.I.Tyutchev
Teacher - Thank you. Bells often ring in Russian classical opera. Remember “Ivan Susanin” by M. Glinka, “Boris Godunov” by Mussorgsky.
Let's listen to excerpts from these operas:
SOUNDS:_________________________________
Teacher - The ability to feel and experience was attributed to the bells, and human speech was heard in their sounds.
Scientists have established a very real fact that microbes harmful to humans die in the waves of bell ringing.
Teacher - The Netherlands is considered the birthplace of bell ringing. The ringing of bells was very popular in England. There were societies of bell ringers at churches and cathedrals. In our time, the love for bell ringing has not faded away. Nowadays they organize bell music festivals. Most often, such holidays are held in the ancient Russian cities of Rostov the Great and Suzdal, which are famous for their wonderful bells.
Boyan - Let, touching people's hearts,
The descendants will be called by the bell,
Becoming one with the choir of the liturgy
In the chest of the mourner weep!
To unity, friendship, goodness
Let him call people from now on,
And in the world he will fulfill it
What is it dedicated to?
SOUNDS:_________________________-bell ringing
Teacher - They say: an icon is a prayer in colors,
Temple - prayer in stone,
The bell is a prayer in sound.
Anyone who has not learned to pray has a way out. Stop for a minute and listen! The bell speaks to you...
Teacher - Now let's move on to the miracle of Russian architecture.
The Architect comes out
Architect – Most of the monuments of ancient Russian architecture. Those that have reached us are the churches. They are the ones who give us an idea of Russian medieval architecture.
Teacher - let's remember the first centuries of Russian architecture. List the most ancient buildings of Kyiv, Novgorod, Vladimir.
1st - (attaches a picture to the board) - on the occasion of the outstanding Victory, Prince Yaroslav ordered to lay a temple in honor of St. Sophia in Kyiv. The multi-domed structure became a real decoration of the cathedral. This cathedral played an important role in the life of medieval Kyiv - it stored state documents, had a library and a workshop for handwritten books.
2nd – In the middle of the 11th century. Yaroslav's son, Prince Vladimir, founded the temple in Novgorod and named it Sophia. Its enormous size was striking: a high domed space, many secret rooms.
3rd - on the territory of the ancient Yuryev Monastery at the beginning of the 12th century. The monumental St. George's Cathedral was built. This cathedral was the last monumental building in Novgorod.
4th - the last building of the 12th century, there was an outstanding monument - the Church of the Savior on Nereditsa. Its customer, Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich, wanted to build a temple near his country residence. Despite the small size of the temple. It seems majestic and monumental. The main feature of the Nereditsa rescue is its plasticity and roundness of shape.
5th – 3 km. from Bogolyubov, at the confluence of the Klyazma and Nerl rivers, a temple of unprecedented beauty was erected with the name of the Intercession. The Church of the Intercession on the Nerl delights with its extraordinary lightness. Almost weightless. In its white stone outfit, the temple is like a bride in a wedding dress.
Architect - the unique appearance of ancient Russian architecture was formed over the centuries. Byzantium was its ancestor, but having emerged from the bonds of apprenticeship, Russian architecture went its own original way.
Slide show
Teacher - who can tell me which architectural monuments of the 12th century have survived to this day?
1st – Golden Gate in Vladimir. They have survived to this day, albeit in a highly distorted form.
2nd - now the white stone miracle of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl stands in the middle of a field on a low hill. At its foot is a small lake, the remnant of the Nerl River bed.
3rd – a cathedral has been preserved near Moscow in Dubrovitsy.
Teacher - the architectural ensembles of Russian monasteries, which were usually built far from villages, in remote areas, were also amazing in beauty.
Wooded places. And the life of monks is interesting. Let's take a look at the monastery.
SOUNDS: __________________ there is a coffee table, a candle, a book, a long sheet of paper, a monk is writing with a pen.
Teacher - In a narrow monastery cell,
In four blank walls
About the land about ancient Russian
The story was written down by a monk.
Monk - I wrote in winter and summer.
Illuminated by dim light,
I wrote year after year
About our great people.
Teacher - What does the word monk mean?
1st – translated from Greek, means “solitary”
Teacher - who will list the exploits of the monks?
2nd – Cave. Seclusion, pillarism, monks took vows of silence, foolishness. A holy fool was a person who pretended to be mad in order to endure the reproach and mockery of people. Even kings listened to their prophecies.
Teacher - Who could become a monk?
3rd – Any person who has reached the age of ten.
Teacher - what clothes did the novice wear when he was tonsured?
4th – The clothes were made of coarse black woolen fabric. Cassock - a long shirt reaching to the toes, a leather belt, boots and a hood - a low cap.
Teacher - what was monastic life like?
1st – There was a strict management system in the monasteries. Their whole life was regulated by the Charter.
2nd - In the middle of the century, monasteries were important centers of culture - writing, icon painting, temple building. The first libraries in Rus' were also monastic ones.
3rd – Books in the monastery were not only collected, but also copied. Ancient chroniclers lived and worked in Russian monasteries. The monk of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery Nestor created the first Russian chronicle “The Tale of Bygone Years” in the 12th century.
4th – in the 15th-17th centuries, the greatest thinkers of the Russian land worked in the Trinity Monastery. The writer Epifani the Wise spent more than 30 years in the monastery.
5th - For spreading his views, the preacher Maxim Gek was exiled, wandered around the Monasteries until he ended up in Trinity, where he died, leaving a rich literary heritage - more than 150 sermons, translations.
6th – Many monasteries kept richest collections fine and decorative arts.
7th – St. Sergius of Radonezh in Ancient Rus' was called “Hegumen of the Russian Land.” He was revered and loved, considered their patron. He was born into a boyar family. At 23 years old. Left without parents, he distributed the inheritance along with his older brother. Stefan. As a priest, in the middle of a dense forest, he cut down a hut in order to live in solitude and unceasing prayer. Sergius took monastic vows. Gradually, many people gathered to Sergius, and a large monastery grew up on the site of a lonely hut. Sergius was the first in Russia to introduce the strictest regulations in it.
Teacher - The world of the Russian monastery was surprisingly multifaceted. He combined sublime religious, spirituality and the poverty of monastic life, a variety of arts and an extensive, exemplary economy, book learning.
Teacher – Russian medieval painting is predominantly religious. Painting is, first of all, the art of color. Artists depicted saints, illustrated biblical stories. In temples they can be seen in the form of wall paintings, mosaics and frescoes. In the old days, the icon was treated with great respect as an object of worship. Let's see some of them.
Sounds:__________________________ the painter comes out
Painter - In the old days, images hung in every house in a place of honor - in the red corner. “Measurement icons” were common in royal life. When the prince was born, the baby’s measurements were taken and handed over to the icon painter. He chose a board the size of a newborn and painted the image of his patron saint.
Teacher - The Kremlin Armory houses the measured icon “John of the Climacus,” painted in 1554 in honor of the birth of Tsarevich Ivan, the son of Ivan the Terrible. Most often, saints were depicted on icons. And icons depicting the “Mother of God” occupied a place of honor. And today’s “vernissage” will introduce us to the image of the “Mother of God” in fine arts.
Sounds: Ave Maria.
More than 300 iconographic scenes of the Mother of God were known in Rus'. A variety of artists have repeatedly turned to her image. Among the great masters who paid tribute to this theme in their work are the Italian painter and scientist Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) (image attached to the board).
1st - the image of the Madonna (as the Mother of God was called in Italy) more than once attracted the attention of Renaissance painters. This is one of Leonardo's works in a rare technique for that time - oil. "Madonna of the Flower" - painted in Florence in 1472. The canvas seems to be shrouded in a light, airy haze. “The young mother, with a joyful smile, hands the baby a flower and watches as the baby carefully examines it.
2nd – Another exciting maternal image created by Leonardo da Vinci “Madonna and Child” (1490) Depicts a state of calm joy. In which a beautiful young woman and child are immersed. The calm balance of all elements of the picture emphasizes the harmony of the image of the mother.
3rd – The idea of sublime beauty and harmony is associated with the work of Raphael Santi (1483-1520). The relentless pursuit of light and perfection is the essence of it. artistic creativity. In 1515-1519, by order of the monastery of St. Sixtus in Pjačec, now called the “Sistine Madonna,” Raphael depicted not only the Divine Mother and Child, but also the miracle of the appearance of the Queen of Heaven, carrying her son to people as an atoning sacrifice. The appearance of Mary, full of love and strict grandeur, tenderness and determination. It captivates with its solemnity and simplicity at the same time. She steps lightly on the clouds, and Sixtus 4 and Saint Barbara bow reverently before her.
4th - A completely different image of the Mother of God has developed in Russian art. Old Russian masters, unlike Western European ones, created not paintings depicting the Mother of God, but icons.
5th – The main shrine of the Russian land “Our Lady of Vladimir” - an icon of the early 12th century. Take a closer look at this image... The Mother of God is holding the Child on right hand, and the Child clung to her cheek and stretched out his arms, hugging her neck. Mary thought, hugging her Son to her. In her gaze we see both detachment and sadness: the Mother knows what suffering awaits her child.
The Russian people treat this icon with reverence. Russian princes and tsars prayed before her as they embarked on a campaign.
Teacher - Why did this particular icon become one of the greatest Russian shrines?
1st - legends about her are associated with the name of the Evangelist Luke and repeated participation in saving Moscow from Tatar raids.
2nd – the further history of the icon is closely connected with the name of Andrei Bogolyubsky. Prince Andrei Yuryevich set out to transfer the political center of the country from Kievan Rus to the Suzdal lands.
3rd - By that time, the icon had already manifested itself in miracles: it left its place three times, and once the parishioners saw it floating under the dome of the church. Filled with a desire to look at the miracle, the prince examined all the icons and chose this one. He went with her to Kyiv. And then to Rostov.
4th – On the way, the prince turned to the Mother of God for help several times, and the Mother of God helped him.
5th - In Vladimir, the icon healed the sick and crippled. And when he decided to transport the icon to Rostov, the horses did not even budge. The prince named that place Bogolyubov, and later he himself received the nickname Bogolyubsky.
Teacher - Since ancient times Mother of God considered the patroness and intercessor of the Russian land. Perhaps this is why Russian painters repeatedly turned to the image of the Mother of God, creating works of great artistic power - both church and secular.
Teacher - But these lines were dedicated to M.A. Voloshin to this icon:
And she is worried and sad
Looking through the swell of the future
Into the world's glowing distances,
Where the sunset is full of fires.
And such mournful excitement
In pure girlish features, that Face
In the flame of prayer every moment
How a living person changes his expression.
Teacher -
The journey through the vernissage is over. And let's remember and repeat once again what we talked about in class today:
How did cities in ancient Rus' transmit messages to each other about the approach of enemies? (using a bell)
Where can you hear a concert of bells? (In Rostov the Great, Suzdal)
What bells did we hear today? (holiday, alarm, everyday)
What architectural ensembles have survived to this day? (Cathedrals. The Cathedral of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin has been restored in our city)
What does the word monk mean? (secluded)
What qualities should a monk have?
Tell me, would any of you be able to give up worldly life like this?
Which literary works Did we remember today?
Teacher - You can find more in-depth material on topics in these books, on these sites. (Books and links to sites are projected on the screen)
SOUNDS: classical music.
Teacher - it is difficult to list all the gold mines of Russian folk culture and art. By getting to know her, introducing her into our everyday life, we become spiritually richer, more humane, because moral and aesthetic principles, expediency and beauty have merged in her. This is the experience of a wise, hardworking people, which can be constantly reborn if even a drop of memory remains in the souls of people.
And it’s time for me, the teacher of my hometown, to sing the praises of the great ones.
Painter - And I also want to say quiet words,
Thanks to the subject of the MHC.
Composer - What children remember, they know the entire culture of countries
And all past true events.
Architect – What do architects and craftsmen know?
Master - What musicians and composers know.
Or maybe a simple builder.
Teacher - Year after year I give to the children what I know!
And I am expanding my knowledge.
I conveyed it from my heart
A worthy culture to the hearts of children
Those days gone by.
SOUNDS:_______________________________________
Teacher - our lesson has come to an end. Thanks everyone for Active participation. Everyone gets an excellent rating. And your homework will be to write reports on the cultural monuments of your native land.
“Architecture” - 3. Urban planning: Aimed at creating new and reconstructing old urban areas. Architecture. Main types of architecture. 3. Arch. 2. Crossbar. Architecture –. “Letters” of the language of architecture. A system of buildings and structures that organize the spatial environment for people’s life and activities. 1. Pillar.
“Architecture of the 19th century” - Outstanding constructivist architect in the 20th century. – Le Corbusier, creator of the “world style”. House of Casa Batllo, Facade. Eiffel Tower in Paris. The Guggenheim Museum of Modern Art building in New York. The exquisite silhouettes of the four towers are completed with decorative cross-spires. House of Casa Batllo. Park Güell.
“Architecture of the 14th-17th centuries” - Architecture of Moscow in the 14th-17th centuries. Painting in 17th century. New trends in Russian art of the 16th century. It was built in 1505-1508. Tent architecture of Moscow. The temple served as the home church of the great princes. The cathedral took almost five years to build (1475-1479). Architecture of the Moscow “Naryshkin” baroque.
“Architectural monuments” - Mukhacheva, Temple of Demetrius of Rostov. Krasnooktyabrskaya 200, Zarechny fire station. Biysk Drama Theatre, formerly People's House. Gorno-Altaiskaya, City Palace of Culture. Monuments of federal significance: There are 272 architectural monuments in Biysk. Krasnoarmeyskaya 85, Alexander Cathedral (Electric furnace).
“Architecture of Kazan” - The house had a kind face, and the house always greeted me with greetings. During the fires of 1552, 1774, 1842. Almost all of Kazan burned out. V. Kurashov Kazan wooden. 2006. Now briefly about the history of the publication. Everything is different here, everything is difficult in a different way... Wood is a unique natural building material. Kazan was no exception.
“Baroque Architecture” - Take an interest in world culture! Baroque in a modern interpretation. Peter's in Rome. Baroque architecture (L. Bernini, F. Borromini in Italy, B. F. Rastrelli in Russia, Jan Christoph Glaubitz in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) is characterized by spatial scope, unity, and fluidity of complex, usually curvilinear forms.