When I was looking on the net for good recipes for my son, I came across a presentation of the correct spelling of written letters "Letter with a secret":

Marabaeva L.A. The point of the beginning of letter writing Point of the upper and lower third of the line Inclined stick "Secret" Hook line "Rocker" "Stick"

When my 5.5-year-old son asked me to teach him how to write letters, I took out a long-stored and waiting in the wings Writing simulator .

The simulator is a plastic plate, on both sides of which are printed and written letters and numbers, as well as their elements, in the form of in-depth sensory tracks with a raised bottom. Such letters are easy to circle (if you know the correct spelling sequence), the pen practically does not crawl out of the letters.

The son, of course, immediately "rushed" to circle the block letters familiar to him. And the written ones caused difficulty, since the correct sequence of writing the elements of the letters is unknown to the son. Moreover, they turned out to be too small for his age.

Then I put together the recipes from the presentation by L.A. Marabaeva. into a printable pdf document:

It contains 33 cards on 9 pages, one letter per card.

The pages of the file must be printed and cut into cards.

Cards can be laminated, or you can simply insert them into a photo album for photographs measuring 10x15 cm.

How to work with the manual:

1. Repeatedly circle the letters with a dry-erasing marker, memorizing their spelling and developing motor skills.

2. Repeat letters, for example, on a decoy, or on paper, practicing writing letters and developing hand-eye coordination.

Then you can move on to writing smaller written letters on

Every day a person uses an uppercase and a lowercase letter in writing. Previously, only capital letters were used, which were of the same height. They had clear boundaries. After the writing began to develop, the symbols acquired more rounded outlines.

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What is important to know

In modern Russian, the use uppercase letters causes problems for many people, because not everyone knows how to spell lowercase or uppercase characters... Despite the constant improvement and development of the language, there are several basic rules that will help determine the spelling depending on what the writer wants to convey.

Basic moments the use of uppercase characters:

• With capital letter the positions indicated in the official document are written;
• the beginning of phrases containing the words Central, State, International, Russian;
• separate stylistic use of the words Motherland, Man, Center;
• polite treatment expressed by a pronoun;
• cult books: the Bible or the Koran;
• abbreviation: VLKSM;
• literary books;
• industrial brands of technical products.

Lowercase characters are written in such cases:

Distinctive features of lowercase characters

There are several differences, to be aware of:

• Font. The lowercase letter is smaller than the uppercase letter.
• Writing. The capital letter is written with the characteristics that are told about at school.
• Use. Small symbols are much more common.

Using symbols in Word

Due to the rapid development information technologies users often use in work Microsoft program Office Word. However, not everyone knows that you can also write lowercase or uppercase characters in it. For this, a combination of certain keys is used.

Features of printing alphabetic characters in Word:

• you need to type the desired text on the computer;
• select it and press the Schift and F3 keys together;
• we get the spelling "lowercase characters of the Russian language";
• if you press them again, you can see the "Lowercase Symbols of the Russian Alphabet";
• if you need to work with the text further, then you should press Schift + F3 again.

Uppercase letters: example

Uppercase characters use in such cases:

Uppercase letters in gadgets

Often when using a smartphone the question arises how to include uppercase letters. To do this, you need to follow a few simple steps:

• the keyboard opens first;
• a key with an arrow indicating the upward direction is selected (the key is, as a rule, on the left);
• an uppercase letter is written;
• if you want these letters to be on all the time, you need to press the button twice in a row.

V Lately many people often confuse at what points do you need to capitalize and when a lowercase letter. This is reflected in the attitude of other people, especially if the mistakes are serious.

Letter dots.

We will write the points at the same distance from each other, not very close and not very far. On the top line of the operating line and on the bottom.

Writing in a short, straight, oblique line.

Start writing from the top line of the work line and draw down a straight oblique line to the bottom line of the work line.

Long straight oblique line letter.

Option 1. We start writing from the middle of the line space. We draw down a straight oblique line to the bottom line of the operating line.

Option 2. We begin to write from the top line of the working line, draw down a straight oblique line to the middle of the line space.

Writing a short, straight, oblique line rounded down (to the right).

We begin to write in the same way as a short, straight, oblique line. From the top line of the operating line, draw down a straight oblique line. Without bringing it a little to the bottom line of the working line, round to the right, bring it to the bottom line of the working line and lead up to the right to the middle of the working line.

Writing a short, straight, oblique line rounded up (to the left).

We begin to write just below the top line of the working line, move up to the right, rounding, bring it to the top line of the working line, draw down a short straight oblique line to the bottom line of the working line.

Writing a long, straight, oblique line rounded down (to the right).

We start writing from the middle of the line space. We draw down a straight oblique line. Without bringing it a little to the bottom line of the working line, round to the right, bring it to the bottom line of the working line and lead up to the right to the middle of the working line.

The letter of a long, straight, oblique line rounded down (to the left).

We start writing from the middle of the line space. We draw down a straight oblique line. Without bringing it a little to the bottom line of the working line, round it to the left, bring it to the bottom line of the working line, again round it to the left just above the bottom line of the working line.

Long straight oblique line letter with a loop.

We start writing from the top line of the working line, draw a straight oblique line to the middle of the line space, round to the left and, making a loop, lead up and to the right, crossing the written line on the bottom line of the working line, finish writing in the middle of the working line.

A letter with a long, oblique line rounded up and down.

We start to write just below the line space, move up to the right,

Rounding, we bring to the line space, we draw down a straight oblique line. Without bringing it a little to the bottom line of the working line, round to the right, bring it to the bottom line of the working line and lead up to the right to the middle of the working line.

Capital letter "A".

We begin to write a little higher than the bottom line of the working line, round it down to the right and, touching the bottom line of the working line, draw a long oblique line smoothly up; without reaching the next line, we stop and draw down a long straight oblique line to the lower working line. Without taking our hands off, we begin to write the loop: we lead a little upward along the written, round to the left and cross the first element of the letter, without bringing it to the upper working line, we bend the loop to the right, crossing the written, end slightly below the upper line of the working line.

Lowercase letter "a".

The letter "a" consists of two elements: an oval and a short straight oblique line with a rounding at the bottom. We begin to write below the top line of the working line, We move up, rounding slightly to the left, bring it to the top line of the working line. Then we draw a rounded line down to the bottom line of the working line, lift it up to the right until the beginning of the letter. Then we write the second element - a straight oblique line rounded down, which is in contact with the oval.

Capital letter "B".

We start writing a little above the middle of the line space. We draw from top to bottom a long straight oblique line to the bottom line of the working line and round it to the left, smoothly passing into a loop, lead to the top line of the working line, round it to the right, write a semi-oval. We write the next element from left to right: in the form of a smooth rounding on the left and passing into an even straight horizontal line.

Lowercase letter "a".

We begin to write in the same way as the letters "o" and "a". Having reached the beginning of the letter, we begin to write the second element: we write up a straight oblique line, without reaching the middle of the line space, we make a smooth turn to the right.

Capital letter "B".

Start writing a little above the middle of the line spacing. We draw from top to bottom a long straight oblique line to the bottom line of the working line and write a loop to the top line of the working line, continue the line up and round down to the right at the level of the first element and write half-oval to the top line of the working line. Without taking your hands off, write the second half-oval from the top line of the working line to the bottom line of the working line.

Lowercase letter "v".

We start writing from the middle of the working line, draw a line with an upward slope, make a loop, up to the middle of the line space, draw down a straight oblique line, slightly not bringing it to the bottom line of the working line, round it down to the right and, touching the lower working line, write an oval. (By (1-4) almost bringing to the upper working line, and by (1-3) touching the upper working line.)

Capital letter "G".

We start writing from the middle of the line space. We draw down a straight oblique line. Without bringing it a little to the bottom line of the working line, round it to the left, bring it to the bottom line of the working line, again round it to the left to the middle of the working line. We write the next element from left to right: in the form of a smooth rounding on the left and passing into an even straight horizontal line.

Lowercase letter "g".

We begin to write just below the top line of the operating line. We lead up to the right, rounding, we bring to the working line, we draw down a straight oblique line. Without bringing it a little to the bottom line of the working line, round to the right, bring it to the bottom line of the working line and lead up to the right to the middle of the working line.

Capital letter "D".

We start writing from the middle of the line space, smoothly rounded to the right, turning into a large semi-oval. Touching the bottom line of the working line, we write a loop to the left and draw a large straight oblique line upward, without touching the semi-oval.

Lowercase letter "d".

We begin to write the first element in the same way as the letter "a". The second element is a straight oblique line. We start writing from the top line of the working line, lead down, bring it to the middle of the line space and make a loop, rounding the line up to the left.

Capital letter "E".

According to (1-3). We begin to write from the middle of the line space, we draw a rounded line to the left slightly up, rounding down and to the right, without bringing it to the top line of the working line (by (1-4) bringing to the top line of the working line), we begin to write the second element: we draw the rounded line slightly to the left , then down, before reaching the bottom line of the operating line, round to the right, touching the bottom line of the operating line, round up to the right to the middle of the operating line.

Lowercase letter "e".

We begin to write just below the middle of the working line. We draw the line upward with a slope to the right, almost bringing it to the top line of the working line, round it up to the left, touching the top line of the working line, write half-oval to the middle of the working line.

Capital letter "Ж"

The letters "Ж" and "Ж" are the same in writing, differ only in size. They consist of three elements: two semi-ovals and an oblique line. We begin to write below the middle of the line space, move up to the right, round down to the left, write a semi-oval. Then we write the connecting element from the middle of the semi-oval to the right and up to the middle of the line space, then we write the inclined line and begin to write the second connecting element from the bottom point of the inclined line up to the right to the middle of the line space. The third element - the right semi-oval - we begin to write just below the middle of the line space, we move up to the left, we reach the middle of the line space, we lead down, round to the right, write the semi-oval.

Capital letter "Z".

Start writing just below the middle of the line spacing. We draw a rounded line down to the right to the top line of the operating line, rounding to the left. Then we begin to write the second half-oval. From the point where we finished writing the first element, draw a rounded line down to the right, not reaching the bottom line of the working line, round it to the left, bring it to the bottom line of the working line, round it up, slightly rise above the bottom line of the working line.

Lowercase letter "z".

We begin to write just below the top line of the working line, round it up to the right, bring it to the top line of the working line, continue to round it, move down to the left, not reaching the bottom line of the working line. The second element is a loop. We begin to write just above the bottom line of the working line, round to the right, lead down to the middle of the line space, make a loop (the loop intersects on the bottom line of the working line). We finish the letter a little above the bottom line of the working line.

Capital letter "I".

We begin to write from the middle of the line space, lead up to the right, round and write a long straight oblique line rounded down to the right, bring it to the height of the first element without lifting our hands, write a long straight oblique line with a rounding at the bottom. The height of both elements is at the same level. (and - times - and - two).

Lowercase letter "i".

We start writing from the top line of the working line, write a short straight oblique line with a rounding at the bottom, bring it to the top line of the working line and, without lifting our hands, write a second straight oblique line with a rounding at the bottom. (one-and-two-and).

Capital letter "K".

According to (1-3). We begin to write from the middle of the line space, draw a small straight oblique line up to the right, then write down a long straight oblique line, slightly not bringing it to the bottom line of the working line, round it down to the left, touching the bottom line of the working line, write a loop, crossing it with the written slightly above the upper working line. Then we go up to the right, end with a small rounding at the level of the height of the first element. We tear off our hand and begin to write the next element slightly above the top line of the working line; lead a little according to what was written, round it up to the right, draw down a straight inclined line with a rounding at the bottom. (It is possible not to explain the beginning in detail, but to say that we write the first element, just like the letter "H").

According to (1-4). Explain in the same way, only the loop crosses what is written on the top line of the operating line, and the third element is a short straight oblique line with rounded top and bottom.

Lowercase letter "k".

We begin to write a short straight oblique line from the top line of the working line, return it up to the middle, then move up to the right and round it a little on the top line of the working line. There is a small corner between the first and second elements. Next, we begin to write from the same place from where the inclined line began with rounding up and down, only of a smaller size.

Capital letter "L".

The letter "L" is written in the same way as the capital letter "A", only without the last element.

The letter of the lowercase letter "l".

We begin to write just above the bottom line of the working line, round it, bring it to the bottom line of the working line, then move upward, deviating the straight line to the right and bring it to the top line of the working line. From the point where we finished the first element, we begin to write the second - a line with a rounded bottom. First, we lead down along what we have written, and then we make sure that a corner is formed between the first and second elements.

Capital letter "M".

We begin to write just above the bottom line of the working line, round it, bring it to the bottom line of the working line, move up and deflect the straight line to the right, bring it to the middle of the line space, then write a line with a rounded bottom and make sure that a corner is formed. Without taking your hands off, we lead up and deviate to the right, bring it to the middle of the line space, write a line with a rounding at the bottom to the right.

Lowercase letter "m".

Likewise with the capital letter "M", only the sizes are smaller.

Capital letter "H".

(1-4) We begin to write from the middle of the line space, draw a small straight oblique line up to the right; then we write down a long straight oblique line, slightly not bringing it to the bottom line of the working line, round down to the left, touching the bottom line of the working line, write a loop, crossing what is written on the upper line of the working line; we draw a line to the right upwards, over the working line we make a loop, rounding to the left, the intersection on the top line of the working line and we draw down a straight inclined line with a rounding at the bottom.

Lowercase letter "n".

We write a short spicy oblique line, go back along the written up to the middle, make a small loop (tie a knot), lead a smoothly sagging line to the right to the top line of the working line and write a short straight oblique line with a rounding at the bottom. (One-and-two-and)

Capital letter "O".

We start writing from the middle of the working line, draw a rounded line down to the right to the bottom line of the working line; rounding up to the right, we draw a rounded line, without reaching the next line, smoothly round it up to the left, then draw a round line down to the left and bring it to the beginning of the letter.

Lowercase letter "o".

With a lower connection with the next letter, we begin to write from the bottom, with an upper connection - from above.

By (1-4) only the bottom connection.

Bottom connection. We begin to write a little above the bottom line of the working line, round it down to the right, touching the bottom line of the working line, round it up to the right; before reaching the top line of the working line, we round up to the left;

Having touched the top line of the working line, round it down to the left and bring it to the beginning of the letter.

Top connection. We begin to write a letter slightly below the top line of the working line, lead up, rounding to the left; touching the top line of the working line, we make a rounding to the left down; we draw a rounded line to the bottom line of the working line, rounding up to the right, we bring it to the beginning of the letter.

Capital letter "P".

We start writing from the middle of the line space, draw down a straight oblique line, without bringing it to the bottom line of the working line, round it down to the left, bring it to the middle of the working line. We tear off the hand, we begin to write the second element - a straight oblique line with a rounding at the bottom to the right. We draw a straight oblique line from the middle of the line space, almost bringing it to the bottom line of the working line, round it to the right, bring it to the middle of the working line. When writing the first two elements, you need to pay attention to the same height, slope and distance between them. The top element is written from left to right. We start with a slight rounding, then draw a straight line to the right.

Lowercase letter "p".

We begin to write from the top line of the operating line, move down to the bottom line of the operating line. Without lifting our hands, we lead up the written line to the middle of the working line, then up to the right, rounding it, bring it to the top line of the working line, round it and draw down a straight oblique line with the rounding down to the bottom to the right.

Capital letter "R".

Start writing a little above the middle of the line spacing. We draw from top to bottom a long straight oblique line to the bottom line of the operating line and round to the left. We write the second element from left to right in the form of a rounded line.

Lowercase letter "p".

We begin to write from the top line of the working line, we lead down to the middle of the line space, without lifting our hands, we lead upwards along what we have written, we bring it to the middle of the working line and write the second element - we lead up to the right, rounding, we bring it to the upper line of the working line, round it and lead it down an oblique line rounded at the bottom to the right.

Capital letter "C".

Start writing just below the middle of the line spacing. We draw a rounded line to the left, then down, cross the top line of the working line, go down, round slightly to the left, bring it to the bottom line of the working line, go up to the right and end the letter in the middle of the working line.

Lowercase letter "c".

We begin to write just below the top line of the operating line. We lead up, round to the left, bring to the top line of the working line, draw down the rounded line to the bottom line of the working line. We go up to the right to the middle of the working line.

Capital letter "T".

We start writing from the middle of the line space. We draw down a straight oblique line. Without bringing it a little to the bottom line of the working line, round it to the left, bring it to the bottom line of the working line, again round it to the left just above the bottom line of the working line. We tear off the hand, write the second element - a straight oblique line. We begin to write from the middle of the line space, draw down a straight oblique line to the bottom line of the working line. We begin to write the third element from the middle of the line space. We draw down a straight oblique line. Without bringing it a little to the bottom line of the working line, round it to the right, bring it to the bottom line of the working line and round it up to the right to the middle of the working line. Pay attention to the equal height, slope and distance between the three elements. The top element is written from left to right. We start writing with a slight rounding, then draw a straight line to the right.

Lowercase letter "t".

We begin to write from the top line of the working line, draw down a straight oblique line to the bottom line of the working line, without lifting our hands, move up along what was written to the middle of the working line and begin to write the second element. We lead up to the right, rounding, bring to the top line of the working line, round and draw down a straight oblique line to the bottom line of the working line, without lifting our hands, lead up along the written line to the middle of the working line and begin to write the third element. We lead up to the right, rounding it, bring it to the top line of the working line, round it and draw down a straight inclined line with a rounding at the bottom to the right.

Capital letter "U".

We start writing from the middle of the line space. We lead up to the right, round off, lead down a straight oblique line, slightly not bringing it to the top line of the working line, round to the right; having touched the top line of the working line, we move to the right up to the height of the first element and, without lifting our hands, we write a long straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the left.

Lowercase letter "y".

We start writing from the top line of the working line, write a short straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the top line of the working line and, without lifting our hands, write a long straight oblique line with a loop at the bottom.

Capital letter "F".

We begin to write just below the middle of the line space, the first oval, which touches the top line of the working line. Then we write a straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the left, which starts from the middle of the line space and ends on the bottom line of the working line, and touches the first oval. We begin to write the second oval from a straight oblique line just below the line of the working line.

Lowercase letter "f".

The letter consists of two ovals and a straight oblique line. We begin to write the first oval as we wrote the letter "o", then we write a straight oblique line to the middle of the line space, which touches the oval. We begin to write the second oval from the oblique line just below the upper line of the working line, lead up to the right, bring it to the upper line of the working line, draw a rounded line down, bring it to the lower line of the working line, round it up to the left and bring it to the oblique line.

Capital letter "X".

We begin to write just below the middle of the line space, lead up to the right, bring it to the middle of the line space, round down to the left, lead down, slightly not bringing it to the bottom line of the working line, round it, bring it to the bottom line of the working line and round it up to the left without lifting our hands , we go up along what was written until the middle of the half-oval and begin to write the second element. We drive up, round to the right, then go back to the middle of the semi-oval, touch it, drive down, slightly not bringing it to the bottom line of the working line, round it, bring it to the bottom line of the working line, round it up to the right.

Lowercase letter "x".

The spelling is the same as the capital letter "X", they differ only in size.

Capital letter "C".

We begin to write from the middle of the line space, lead to the right upward, round and write a long straight oblique line with a rounding at the bottom to the right, bring it to the height of the first element and without lifting our hands, write a long straight oblique line with a rounding at the bottom, finish the rounding just above the bottom line of the working line and we begin to write a loop: we draw a straight line down, round to the left, cross the loop on the bottom line of the working line.

The letter of the lowercase letter "c".

We start writing from the top line of the working line, write a short straight oblique line with a rounding at the bottom, bring it to the top line of the working line and, without lifting our hands, write a second short straight line with a rounding at the bottom, finish the rounding just above the bottom line of the working line and start writing a loop ...

Capital letter "CH".

We begin to write from the middle of the line space, lead up to the right, round off, lead down a straight oblique line, slightly not bringing it to the top line of the working line, round to the right; having touched the top line of the working line, we lead to the right up to the height of the first element and, without lifting our hands, we write a long straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the right.

Lowercase letter "h".

We begin to write below the top line of the working line, lead up to the top line of the working line, then draw a smooth sagging line from left to right again to the top line of the working line, then write a short straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the right.

Capital letter "Ш".

We begin to write from the middle of the line space, lead up to the right, round and write a long straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the right, bring it to the height of the first element and, without lifting our hands, write a long straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the right, bring it to the height of the first element and write a long straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the right.

Lowercase letter "w".

Writing the lowercase letter "w" is the same as writing the capital letter "W".

Capital letter "Щ".

We begin to write the first three elements in the same way with the letter "W". The fourth element - we finish the rounding just above the bottom line of the working line and start writing a loop (see the letter "C").

The letter of the lowercase letter "ш".

The spelling is the same as with the capital letter "Щ".

Letter of the letter "ъ".

We begin to write below the top line of the working line, lead up to the top line of the working line, then draw a smooth sagging line from left to right to the top line of the working line, then write a short straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the right; without bringing it to the middle of the working line, round it to the left to the middle of the inclined line.

Letter letter "y".

According to (1-4). We begin to write from the top line of the working line, write down a short, straight oblique line with a rounding at the bottom to the right; without bringing it to the middle of the working line, round it to the middle of a straight oblique line; and without lifting our hands, we lead down and to the right along the written oval to its middle, then we draw a line up to the right to the top line of the working line and, without lifting our hands, we write a short straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the right.

According to (1-3). We begin to write from the top line of the working line, write down a short, straight oblique line with a rounding at the bottom to the right; without reaching the middle of the working line, round to the left and, without touching the written straight line, make a small loop, draw the line to the right up to the top line of the working line and, without lifting our hands, write a short straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the right.

Letter letter "b".

We begin to write from the top line of the working line, draw down a short straight oblique line rounded at the bottom to the right, without bringing it to the middle of the working line, round it to the left to the middle of the oblique line, write a small oval.

Capital letter "E".

We begin to write just below the middle of the line space, move up to the right, bring it to the middle of the line space, write a rounded line, bring it to the bottom line of the working line, round up to the left. In the middle of the working line, we write the second element - a straight line.

Lowercase letter "e".

The lowercase letter "e" is similar in spelling to the capital letter "E".

Capital letter "U".

We begin to write from the middle of the line space, lead up to the right a small straight line, then write down a long straight oblique line, slightly not bringing it to the bottom line of the working line, round down to the left, touching the bottom line of the working line, write a loop, crossing what is written on the upper line of the working line lines, then write an oval.

The letter of the lowercase letter "y".

We begin to write from the top line of the working line, draw down a straight oblique line to the bottom line of the working line; Without lifting our hands, we go up along the written line to the middle, make a smoothly sagging line and lead down, write an oval.

Capital letter "I".

We begin to write a little above the line of the working line, round it down to the right, touching the bottom line of the working line, draw a long straight oblique line smoothly up; before reaching the middle of the line space, we round to the left and write an oval that touches the top line of the working line, without lifting our hands, we draw down a straight oblique line with a rounding down to the right.

Lowercase letter "I".

The lowercase letter "I" is similar in spelling with the capital letter "I".

Each parent strives for the child to have a beautiful and understandable handwriting. Recipes come to the rescue. In notebooks for writing, calligraphic samples of letters, syllables, numbers are presented. They help children learn to write correctly by outlining the principles and basics of calligraphy. Adults also resort to the help of prescriptions. With regular exercise, they correct sloppy handwriting.

Recipe

Adults rarely write by hand, often when absolutely necessary. The letter has been replaced by computer text. This is convenient, but at the same time, the handwriting of adults deteriorates due to lack of training. Children in schools and kindergartens are taught to write correctly and beautifully, to regularly consolidate the skill, train their hand and learn to write with special aids at home.

The simplest recipes are made independently, they are suitable for children 2 years old, 3 years old. It is necessary to take a notebook in a box and draw simple shapes with a dotted line: lines, squares, triangles. And the kids, with the help of their parents or on their own, will circle the figures. Examples for beginners are presented below. There are templates for writing pdf, word and other formats on the net.

For preschoolers

Children 3-4 years old

45 years

5 - 6 years old

For the preparatory group

By points

Patterns: sticks - hooks

For class 1

For class 2

Mathematics

Classic

For adults

A printed alphabet is simpler than a written alphabet because the letters do not connect to each other. Such study books are suitable for kindergarten when kids are just being introduced to the alphabet. Coloring recipes in a playful way will introduce the child to the alphabet when he colors a picture starting with a certain letter. For example: watermelon, if we are talking about the letter "A" or hippopotamus, when he meets the letter "B".

When teaching the printed alphabet, the child should be explained what vowels and consonants are, how hissing sounds differ from voiced ones, hard from soft ones.

Calligraphic letters

The uppercase alphabet is studied before school. These are complex characters where spelling capital letters differs from lowercase. In this case, it is important to correctly connect the symbols to each other. Parents and educators use modern species educational notebooks or recipes from the Soviet era.

Adults and children of senior school age can use a wide range of recipes, for kids use a narrow exercise book. You can print a recipe where all the letters are on one sheet - this will help you quickly remember the sequence of letters in the alphabet.

How are numbers written

It is easier to write mathematical symbols, since there are much fewer of them: only 10 digits versus 33 letters of the alphabet, while the numbers are not connected to each other. For prescriptions, notebooks are used in a box, where each number is clearly limited and does not go beyond.

School copybooks with numbers are equipped with shading, arrows and other signs that help to understand from what point the symbol begins, the writing algorithm. Printouts with example numbers are used for teaching both preschool and school children.

Calligraphy workbooks

Teachers and educators recommend purchasing special notebooks designed to prepare your hand for writing. The best recipes were developed and created by domestic teachers, which include the Nekin simulator, the working recipes of Bortnikova, Zhukova, Kolesnikova. The manuals are designed for children of all ages.

Bortnikova

Zhukova

Kolesnikova

Nekina

How to prepare your hand for writing

To prepare the hands of future first graders, the teachers made a list of special tasks.

Regular exercise trains fine motor skills in children of all ages:

1. Help to prepare your hand finger games but do not give priority to just one hand, regardless of whether the child is right-handed or left-handed. The limbs should be equally engaged.
2. Coloring pages are a fun pastime that develops your creative imagination and prepares your fingers for writing.
3. Special notebooks for future schoolchildren. The authors propose to circle pictures or large letters by points, draw lines without lifting the pencil from the paper (labyrinth).
4. Recipes - the first tutorials are being developed for children 4–5 years old, 6–7 years old, for grades 1–2, for grades 3, 4. Recipes introduce kids to print and capital letters, syllables. There are also mathematical aids with numbers and numbers, notebooks in Russian, English, German, French and other languages.

Elder child preschool age learn from prescriptions. They can be bought at stationery, bookstores, or downloaded for free online.

How to fix handwriting

Many people believe that beautiful handwriting is formed at school age, and adults will no longer be able to correct it. In fact, it can be improved regardless of age: both a first grader and an adult are able to put a hand. However, this is the result of long and regular training.

It is important to follow the rules and take into account the nuances:

• A comfortable place for writing - you need good lighting, a table with a solid surface, a chair with a back. These conditions are especially important for toddlers, children 3-6 years old, primary schoolchildren, but are also recommended for adults.
• When working, one should not be in a hurry; maximum concentration on the process is required.
• Suitable stationery. Previously, experts argued that for success in calligraphy, for setting good handwriting, you need to use a fountain pen. Today, ballpoint is also allowed, but with a thin rod.
• Educational material - children use recipes for the appropriate age. They learn to write in dots, hatches, or dashes. Adults can place the notebook in a narrow ruler and practice in it. If desired, they download ready-made online recipes, learn to write correctly the connections of letters, their elements, syllables and sentences.
• Initially, you should write straight and parallel lines, circles and other simple shapes. Then move on to letters and syllables.
• If necessary, they turn to calligraphy masters, they will tell you how to write letters and connections that have errors. Suggest exercises to improve fine motor skills and handwriting.

Not worth the wait quick results... Calligraphy will improve after persistent and regular training.

How to learn to write correctly and beautifully

It is easier to teach a student to write beautiful handwriting right away than to retrain and correct mistakes later.

Parents of preschoolers and first-graders will be helped by the advice of experienced teachers:

• Calligraphic handwriting is impossible without developed finger motor skills. To do this, it is necessary to draw more often with pencils, sculpt from plasticine, do origami, beadwork. For the little ones, games with cereals will be interesting and useful. To do this, an adult needs to mix a little buckwheat and rice, and the child will go through them.
• Beautiful handwriting is directly related to upright posture. The kid should not be hunched over while he writes in the copy. The back should be flat, for this he is seated on a chair with a firm back. At the same time, computer, swivel chairs are not suitable.
• A quality spelling pen. It is necessary to pick up office supplies with a thin rod. When choosing between a gel pen and a ballpoint pen, the latter is preferred as it does not scratch the paper. The finger grip should be made of rubber. Such a handle will not slip in children's hands, unlike a plastic or metal counterpart.
• Gripping the handle. Correct position in the hand: the pen rests on the middle finger, the thumb and forefinger hold it, and the ring and little fingers are pressed against the palm. With a wrong grip, beautiful handwriting cannot be achieved.

Following the rules of calligraphy will help your child learn to write beautifully letters from A to Z, words, numbers and numbers.

Russian letters differ from each other not only in outline and sound designation, but also in size. Correct spelling is subject to certain rules. Uppercase and lower case- what is it that every schoolchild knows, especially an elementary school student. But the knowledge gained at school is forgotten very quickly, and adults are unlikely to remember the definitions of these terms.

Uppercase and lowercase letters are two varieties of graphic icons on writing. It is interesting that the division into such varieties is not present in all languages. They are present in the Cyrillic alphabet, as well as in the Greek alphabet, Latin, Armenian. The situation in Georgia is unusual. There are no capital letters (with a specific meaning of use), but individual sections of the text (for example, titles, headings) are typed with large icons. They have small styles, but differ from them in size. In other writing systems, there is no uppercase / lowercase division.

For the first acquaintance with them, it is enough to assimilate brief information:

• uppercase - the one that is larger;
• lowercase - the one that is smaller in size.

And in order for the information to be remembered better, to stay in the head for a long time and not turn into confusion, you need to study the issue deeper, delving into the details.

Uppercase

This is capital, big, beautiful, initial. The letter mark is increased in size compared to the others. Most often, it is one in a line, it is with it that the sentence begins. V primary school children with great diligence learn to display the first alphabetical sign - after all, it should turn out to be beautiful.

The first official use of capital letters is seen in the 15th century. However, further research showed that people tried to beautifully design the initial characters of the name, surname, and sentences long before the beginning of the 15th century. These graphic icons, decorated with ornaments and curls, were called drop caps.

Uppercase letters inthe text is written only in those cases that are confirmed by spelling rules. The most common of them, which most often have to be encountered in practice, will be indicated below.

Another definition of "capital" is found in primary school at the stage of teaching writing. It is less common and therefore does not appear in dictionaries. It is used only to distinguish the type of letter, the opposite of the word "uppercase" is "printed". When the teacher asks to write down a word, sentence, text in words - he means lowercase and uppercase letters. And their choice should be based on the learned rules.

Lowercase

This is a small letter. In sentences and text, it is much more common than the previous graphic icons. This is explained by the fact that small letter signs are used several times more often in writing - these are the rules of Russian spelling.

All letters that do not fall under the rules for writing uppercase are lined up in one line and have the same height, therefore they are called lowercase.

Note! The stress in the term "lowercase" falls not on the first, but on the last syllable, no matter how much one would like to associate its pronunciation with the pronunciation of the word "line".

Helpful Videos: How are Uppercase Small Letters Written?

The main differences

Uppercase and lowercase letters differ from each other in a number of ways.

They are as follows:

• The size. The capital letter is about 2 times larger than the small one. This is clearly seen when using a notebook sheet in a wide line: capital letter takes up the entire height of the line, and the small one fits in half of it.
• Writing. The capital letter has a lot more details and features of the style, which the first grade students are diligently trying to assimilate. It is much more complicated than the small one in outline.
• Frequency of use. The capital letter is found in the text much less often than the small one, because its choice must be justified by certain rules.

Having mastered for himself the difference between uppercase and small graphic icons, a person ceases to confuse these two terms with each other.

Examples of

A good example of what the styles of both categories look like.

When comparing adjacent graphic icons, it immediately becomes clear which of them are CAPITAL and which are lowercase.

Spelling capital letters

In Russian, the use of two types of style is subject to the rules of the corresponding section of spelling. According to them, the new proposal begins with a capital sign, which seems to lead an army of small, ordinary icons. It shows that the previous thought ended and another began, or simply denotes the beginning of the thought. Direct speech, quotes, each new line of the poem also begin with the title.

But there are other, more complex rules that explain the spelling of uppercase and lowercase letters:

1. Names, surnames, patronymics of people and adjectives based on them. For example: Yablochkin Andrey Igorevich, Petka's car.
2. Animal names and adjectives derived from them. For example: Tuzik, Murka, Kesha, Fluff, Tuzik collar.
3. Geographical objects, places, names (continents, cardinal points, countries, cities, villages, villages, territories, republics, islands, seas, oceans, rivers, lakes). For example: Black Sea, Baltic, Atlantic Ocean, Moscow city, mainland Africa, Yantarny village, Republic of Adygea.
4. Names of firms, companies, shops, enterprises. For example: Rostvertol plant, Pyaterochka store, Belvest footwear company.
5. The names of great historical events, the most important documents (First World War, Peter's era).
6. Names of printed publications, works of art, dishes (Murzilka magazine, Moskovskie vedomosti newspaper, Moonlight Sonata, Barge Haulers on the Volga painting, Caesar salad).
7. Names of ministries, important state organizations (Ministry of Education, City Council).
8. High positions of great state significance (President, Queen).
9. The first word of the names of holidays and important events (Birthday, Christmas, Easter, Victory Day).
10. The pronoun "you" when an expression of special respect is required.
11. Abbreviations - consist entirely of capital symbols (Communist Party of the Russian Federation, MLM, SFedU).

In all other cases, when the word is not included in the category of proper names, but is a common noun, lowercaseoutlines.

Possible difficulties in choosing an option

In Russian, most of the rules are ambiguous and have additional explanations or exceptions.

Important! When the choice of the size of the letter style (capital / small) is required to fill out important documents or perform serious tasks, work - it is better to check yourself in dictionaries and reference books.

Possible difficulties in choosing the size of the graphic icon:

1. The proper names of mythical, historical, literary heroes, which began to be used in a generalized manner, in a figurative meaning, to denote a certain character or way of life of people. The rules for writing such words are ambiguous: some are written with a capital (Oblomov, Napoleon, Hamlet), others with a lowercase letter (Don Quixote, Judas, Hercules, which have become common nouns). A variant of their use is given in the dictionary.
2. The names of geographical objects and important historical events, used in a generalized (figurative) sense, have the same distinctions and their own peculiarities of writing: sodom (debauchery), Olympus (top), Kamchatka (last places) and Chernobyl, Mecca, Hiroshima.
3. The names of devices, techniques, units of measurement, derived from the names of their inventors, are written with a lowercase letter. For example: X-ray, volt, pascal and so on.
4. and terms where one of the words is a proper name, as well as the adjectives composed according to them do not have a large sign (Achilles' heel, Demyan's ear, X-rays).
5. Adjectives that were composed by the last name and first name of a person using the suffixes -sk, -ovsk, -insk - are written with a lowercase letter (Dalevskiy dictionary, prisvinskaya prose).

Useful video: lowercase Russian letters

Conclusion

In fact, delving into the material taught in the lessons in educational institution, the pupil and the student master the spelling of graphic signs well, understand the differences and peculiarities of their use, which means that they do not have serious difficulties in observing this norm.

The main thing is to remember the definitions, to understand some of the difficulties for yourself. And in case of difficulty, do not forget about the possibility of referring to the dictionary.

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