Who enters the University of Bologna. How to get there, tuition fees

Europe. Located in the Italian city of Bologna. Historically, the university was founded to study Roman law, but today it has 23 faculties. According to the QS World University Rankings Faculty of Law University of Bologna ranked 32nd. For foreign students at the University of Bologna, programs are available in both Italian and English.

Directions of study:

  • Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine;
  • Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Cultural Heritage;
  • Faculty of Economics, Management and Statistics;
  • Faculty of Engineering and Architecture;
  • Faculty foreign languages, literature and translation studies;
  • Faculty of Law;
  • Faculty of Medicine;
  • Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology;
  • Faculty of Political Science;
  • Faculty of Psychology and Education;
  • Faculty of Science.

In accordance with the Student Exchange Agreement University of Bologna ready to accept up to 2 KFU students for a period of one semester to a year. Students are exempt from tuition fees. Accommodation expenses, travel to and from the university, consular fees, etc. students carry on their own.

To participate in the exchange program, you must submit the following documents to the Foreign Relations Department:

  1. (filled in only in printed form);
  2. Extract from the record book, certified by the dean's office. If the student has Personal Area, then you can download it from the site, and then assure it in the dean's office;
  3. in Italian or English;
  4. Motivation letter in English or Italian;
  5. List of courses for the training program (when choosing subjects, applicants should be guided by the content of their curriculum at KFU);
  6. A copy of the language test / certificate, if not, then you must provide
  7. Copy of a foreign passport valid for longer than the internship period.

Additional Information:

Dates of study at the university: Fall semester: mid-September - end of January

spring semester: mid-January-late July

The university provides accommodation if the participant registers on the university website on time, the cost of living is 350 euros, and registration at the university is about 220 euros.

The approximate amount of money needed per month is 600 euros.

The university in Bologna began to emerge at the end of the 21st century, when teachers of logic, rhetoric, and grammar turned to law. The year 1088 is considered the beginning of independent and church-free teaching in Bologna. During this period, Irnerius became a significant figure. His work in the systematization of legal Roman materials crossed the boundaries of the city.

At first, university tuition in Italy was paid for by students. They raised money in order to compensate teachers for their work. The collection was carried out on a voluntary basis, because the science given by God could not be sold. Gradually, the university in Bologna turned into a center of science, and teachers began to receive real salaries.

Features of occurrence

The emergence of the university in the Italian city of Bologna was facilitated by the intense and serious "struggle for investiture", which was waged between the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. At that time, the sovereigns of Christian countries appointed priests and bishops at will, and Pope Gregory VII decided to proclaim the supremacy of the church over secular power, and he looked for evidence to justify his decision in the history of Christianity. By that time, Bologna already had a “liberal arts” school, which was popular in the 10th and 11th centuries. Pupils studied Roman law and rhetoric in it as additional classes. In the writings of the 13th century Bologna jurist Godefroy there is historical information on the opening of a legal special school at the personal request of Countess Matilda, who was the ruler of Tuscany and Lombardy, a supporter of the Pope.

Struggle for influence

The 11-12 centuries saw a turning point in European politics. It was then that the relationship between church and state was established. In the struggle, the basis was made up of legal issues, therefore, the study of Justinian's law became the basis for the self-awareness of the Empire.

In 1158 Martino, Bulgaro, Ugo, Jacopo invited Federico I Barbarossa to his meeting. The experts had to demonstrate the observance of political freedoms in the empire. Three of them (besides Martino) supported the Empire, expressed their recognition of the Roman law. Federico I Barbarossa passed a law according to which the school became a society of students, headed by a teacher. The empire promised such institutions, the teacher, protection from political claims.

The University of Bologna has become a place that is absolutely free from the influence of the authorities. This educational institution has outlived its protector. On the part of the Commune, there were attempts to control this educational institution, but the students, in order to resist such pressure, united into one team.

The thirteenth century was a time of contrasts. The University of Bologna has managed to overcome thousands of difficulties, it has always fought for autonomy, resisted the political power, which viewed it as a symbol of prestige. At that time, there were about two thousand students in Bologna.

In the 14th century, philosophy, medicine, arithmetic, astronomy, logic, grammar, rhetoric, and theology began to be studied within its walls.

Talented students and teachers

The first university in Bologna is proud of the fact that such famous personalities as Francesco Petrarca, Chino Pistoia, Dante Alighieri, Cecco d'Ascoli, Enzo, Guido Guinizelli, Colluccio Salutati, Salimbene Parmsky, and others came out of its walls.

Since the fifteenth century, teaching has been in Hebrew and Greek, and a century later in Bologna, students have been pursuing experimental sciences. The laws of nature were taught by the philosopher Pietro Pomponazzi.

The philosopher taught the laws of nature, despite his beliefs in theology and philosophy. A significant contribution to the pharmacopoeia was made by Ulysses Aldrovandi, who studies fossils. It was he who created their detailed classification.

In the 16th century, Gaspare Tagliacozzi was the first to study plastic surgery. He owns serious research in this area, which became the basis for the development of medicine.

The University of Bologna gradually developed. Even in the Middle Ages, Italy was proud of such eminent personalities as Paracelsus, Thomas Beckett, Albrecht Durer, Raimund de Peñafort, Carlo Borromeo, Carlo Goldoni, Torquato Tasso. It was here that Leon Baptiste Alberti and Pico Mirandola studied canon law. Nicolaus Copernicus studied papal law in Bologna even before he began his fundamental research in the field of astronomy. During the industrial revolution, the university has a beneficial effect on the development of technology and science. During this period, the works of Luigi Galvani appeared, who, along with Alexander Volt, Henry Cavendish, Benjamin Franklin, became the founder of modern electrochemistry.

The era of the rise

During the creation of the Italian state, the University of Bologna was actively developing. Italy acquires such important figures as Giovanni Pascoli, Giacomo Chamician, Giovanni Capellini, Augusto Murri, Augusto Rigi, Federigo Henriquez, Giosue Carducci. At the end of the nineteenth century, the university retains its importance on the world cultural scene. He holds this position until the interval between the two wars, and is rightfully included in the oldest universities in Italy. Time has no power over this Italian “forge of talents”.

Modernity

In 1988, the University of Bologna celebrated its 900th anniversary. On this occasion, the faculties received 430 rectors from different parts of our planet. Alma mater of all universities and is currently considered the main scientific center international scale, retains the primacy in the implementation of research projects.

According to the classification compiled by the QS World University Rankings, the University of Bologna is ranked 182 in the world. A similar situation educational institution in the ranking indicates a high level of teaching. Bologna is a city in Italy that is rightfully proud of this temple of science.

University structure

At the moment, the University of Bologna has about 85,000 students. This educational institution has an unusual structure - "multicampus", which includes five institutions in cities:

  • Bologna;
  • Forli;
  • Cesene;
  • Ravenna;
  • Rimini.

What else is Bologna proud of? The Italian region became the first in the country to open a branch of the university outside the country - postgraduate courses were taught in Buenos Aires, contributing to the deepening of various aspects of the relationship between the European Union and Latin America.

The educational programs of this higher educational institution are related to research in various fields of knowledge. The courses are structured in such a way that they fully meet all the demands of the labor market. Special attention at the University of Bologna focuses on international relations.

The activities of laboratories and research centers, the high level of results obtained allow this educational institution to annually accept Active participation in prestigious scientific competitions and conferences.

Applicants who enter the University of Bologna can count on scholarships and contracts that involve living and studying abroad.

University faculties

Currently, this prestigious educational institution in Italy includes several faculties in the structure:

  • architectural;
  • agrarian;
  • economic (in Bologna, Forlì, Rimini);
  • industrial chemical;
  • Faculty of Preservation of Cultural Heritage;
  • legal;
  • pharmaceutical;
  • engineering (Bologna, Cesena);
  • veterinary;
  • foreign languages ​​and literature;
  • psychological;
  • veterinary;
  • medical and surgical;
  • communications;
  • physical culture;
  • natural science and mathematics;
  • political sciences;
  • graduate School modern languages;
  • statistical sciences.

Contacts and addresses

This educational institution is located in Bologna on Giamboni Street, along which thousands of students pass every day. In this area, there are many places that are associated with the university: stands, cafes, auditoriums. Visiting this street allows you to understand the historical value of the city.

Number 13 has a central building, which houses the administration. It is located opposite the Poggi Palace. There is an auditorium in this building dedicated to Carducci, who once listened here to lectures on Italian literature.

The building of the First University rises on Galvani Square. The library of the Commune has been located in the palace since 1838, but the main treasure is located in. Today it is the main proof of the university tradition in Bologna.

University specifics

Due to the fact that this institution of higher education was founded in the twelfth century, it is rightfully called one of the oldest in Europe. The University of Bologna is characterized by two distinctive features:

  • it was not an association of a professor to whom students who came to lectures were supposed to obey;
  • the listeners' association had the right to choose the leaders to whom the professors were subordinate.

Bologna students were divided into two groups:

  • "Ultramontans" who arrived in Italy from other countries;
  • "Citramontans" who were residents of Italy.

Each group elected on an annual basis a rector and a board of representatives of different nationalities who were in charge of the university jurisdiction.

Professors were chosen by students for a certain period, they received a certain fee, taught only in Bologna.

According to their status, they were free only in classes with students. During lectures and seminars, professors could demonstrate their pedagogical talent and personal qualities.

Another feature of the University of Bologna was that it became a law school. In addition to Roman and canon law, medicine and the free arts were taught within the walls of this Italian educational institution.

Conclusion

During the period of its existence, the Bologna school managed to have a significant impact not only on Italy, but also on the whole Western Europe.

The positive reputation of the professors of Bologna made it possible to consider this educational institution as a place of concentration of Roman law.

Currently, the University of Bologna is considered the oldest educational institution in the world, whose history has not been interrupted from the period of its foundation to the present. Every year, thousands of students from different parts of the world strive to Bologna in the hope of becoming students of this elite educational institution.

The University of Bologna is one of the oldest universities in the world and the second largest in Italy. It was the first university to be founded in the Western world (founded in 1088 AD). The University of Bologna received the Charter (the right to found a higher educational institution) from Frederic I Barbarossa in 1158. But in the 19th century, a group of historians led by Giosu Carducci, having studied and compared historical documents, concluded that the University of Bologna was founded in 1088. About 100,000 students study at the University in 23 faculties. This university has regional centers in Ravenna, Forlì, Tsesena, Reggio nel Emilia, Imola, Rimini, and one branch in Buenos Aires.

The history of the University of Bologna is part of the history of thinkers and scholars of the Renaissance and Modern Times. Mentions of the university are often found in notes and reviews of European culture at the time. The institution, which we are now accustomed to calling the University, began to take shape in Bologna at the end of the 11th century. The first teachers in Bologna were Pepone and Irnerius. In 1158, at the urging of four doctors, Frederick I Barbarossa proclaimed the existing University, where education could be carried out independently of political power. In medieval Europe, political power strongly influenced education.

In 1364, the Faculty of Theology was founded at the university. Among the famous people who were educated here are Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarca, Secco d'Ascoli, Guido Giniselli, Chino da Pistoia, Pe Enzo, Salimbene da Parma and Coluccio Salutati.

In the 16th century in Bologna, Gaspare Taglicozzi finished his studies in plastic surgery. The 17th century is called the "golden era" of the University. First of all, due to the development of medicine, students began to use the microscope to conduct experiments and research. At this time, the University was popular throughout Europe. Among famous scientists and students, it is worth highlighting Rico Della Mirandola and Leon Battista Alberti, Nicolaus Copernicus. With the start of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, technological research began at the University. After the Italian state was united, the University began a period of prosperity.

The University of Bologna maintained its central role in global culture until World War II. Then the influence of the university diminished, others took the leading positions. In this regard, it was decided to create branches in other cities, which had a beneficial effect on the university itself.

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(main campus),
Forli, Cesena, Ravenna, Rimini Site unibo.it/en/homepage

University of Bologna- the oldest continuously existing university in Europe. Located in the Italian city of Bologna. In the Arab world, the rival of Bologna is Al-Qaraouin University, the oldest continuously existing university in the world, but unlike European ones, Arab religious schools did not issue diplomas on behalf of the institution itself. It is a member of the European university associations Utrecht Network, Coimbra Group and Europaeum. The University of Bologna laid the foundation for European education.

Story

The emergence of the Bologna School of Law

Bologna students of the German "nation" (community). 15th century miniature

According to a 13th century Italian jurist Odofreda, Bologna became the seat of the school of law, which was previously based in Ravenna, and even earlier in Rome. In a treatise of 964, which was concluded between Emperor Otto I the Great and Pope Leo VIII, doctors of law who lived in Rome are named. It is also known that in 1055 the Dominicum legislation Doctorem issued diplomas to teachers and students of law in Ravenna. In Bologna, Pepo was the first to teach jurisprudence, receiving his doctorate in law in 1075.

However, the real foundation of the Bologna School of Law is associated with the name of Irnerius. Initially, he was magister artium liberalium, but later specialized in jurisprudence. According to Herman Fitting, the reason for the change of interests of Irnerius was the desire of Margrave Matilda of Tuscany to create a competitor to the Ravenna School of Law. During the struggle for investiture, the countess actively supported Pope Gregory VII, while the lawyers from Ravenna were distinguished by their hostility to the papal throne. According to legend, Irnerius began teaching law in Bologna in 1088.

Coming of fame

A circle of disciples soon formed near Irnerius, the most famous of whom were four (Quatuor Doctores): Bulgar, Martin Gosia, Jacob de Boragine and Hugh de Porta Revennate. The school of glossators began with them.

At the beginning of the 12th century, the law school in Bologna was already more popular than the Ravenna one. However, even in the middle of this century, the liberal arts school enjoyed greater fame outside of Italy. But by the end of the 12th century, Bologna law professors gained a noticeable superiority over other scholars of Bologna and acquired European fame. This was due, firstly, to the scientific advantages of the teaching method and, secondly, to the patronage of the German emperor (1152-1190) Frederick I Barbarossa, who was also king of Lombardy and was interested in maintaining the authority of Roman law, which could be relied on when harassment of the crown. After the Sejm in Roncalla (Piacenza) in 1158, which was attended by Bologna professors and where the legal relationship between the emperor and Italian cities was settled, Frederick made a commitment to provide all students studying Roman law in Bologna with the following benefits: first, to travel freely in all countries under the auspices of his authority (which helped to avoid the troubles usually experienced by foreigners), and secondly, in the city, only professors or bishops were subject to court.

The development of the city and its wonderful climate also contributed to the popularity of the university. Not only young men came to study, but also adults, family people. Nicolaus Copernicus, Ulrich von Hutten, Oloander studied in Bologna. Crowned persons also sent their children to Bologna to study law and liberal arts. The peculiarities of the university, surprising for that time, were the impossibility to enter due only to their position (knowledge was required equally from the son of an artisan and from the son of the king), and also that women were allowed both as students and as teachers.

Spanish Collegium (1360s)

The students who flocked from all over Europe did not hesitate to form in their midst real corporations modeled on the various craft and art workshops of that time. The collection of all student corporations under a common statute constituted by the end of the 12th century the University of Bologna.

Features of the University of Bologna

This university, which, along with the Parisian one, founded in the same era (1200), the oldest in Europe, from the day of its formation had two features arising from the very conditions under which it was formed. First, it was not an association of professors (universitas magistrorum), whose authority was exclusively to obey the students attending their lectures, but an association of students (universitas scholarium), which itself chose the leaders to whom the professors were subordinate. Bologna students were divided into two main parts, "ultramontans" (from behind the mountains, that is, from countries outside Italy, beyond the Alps) and "citramontans" (from Italy, on this side of the Alps), of which each year elected a rector and a council from of various nationalities, with whom he was in charge of administration and university jurisdiction. Professors (doctores legentes) were chosen by students for a specific time, received a conditional fee and pledged not to teach anywhere except Bologna. Being under the statute, therefore, depending on the university and being free only in the leadership of the students' studies, they could acquire authority and influence on the students solely by their knowledge, personal qualities and pedagogical talent.

The second feature of the University of Bologna was that it was legal (universitas legum), as opposed to Paris, which was initially devoted solely to theology. The study of Roman law, which laid the foundation for the university itself, and canon law, introduced into the university curriculum in the 12th century, remained the main subjects of university teaching. Medicine and the liberal arts were taught there during the 13th century by famous professors; but their listeners were nevertheless considered to belong to law university, and only in the XIV century, along with it, two other universities were formed: 1) medicine and philosophy and 2) theology. A remarkable consequence of the legal nature of the University of Bologna was that it was not subordinate to the pope, like that of Paris, since there was no need for church permission for the teaching of Roman law, which was required for theology. However, starting from the 13th century, the popes who supported the university in its disputes with the city administrations and approved its statutes in 1253, in turn, gained some power over the university, and ensured that the Bolognese archdeacon was the controller of examinations and the issuance of diplomas from their name, "to make sure they are correct."

Flourishing

The most brilliant period of the Bologna school of law was the period between the beginning of the 12th century and the second half of the 13th century, covering the lectures of Irnerius and the teaching of glossatorship by Accursius. During this period, their new teaching method found the widest and most fruitful application both in oral presentation and in the works of glossators. During this long period, the most famous of the glossators, after the four doctors mentioned above, were: Placentin, who worked mainly on the code of Justinian and founded the school of law in Montpellier, where he died in 1192; Burgundio, one of the few glossators who knew the Greek language, and a translator of the Greek texts of the pandects; Roger, Jean Bassien, Pillius, Azo - whose works were so respected that there was even a saying: “Chi non ha Azo, non vado a palazzo”; Gugolen, who continued the work of Azo Jacques Balduini; Rofroy and finally Accursius (1182-1258), the most famous of the glossators, famous mainly for his enormous compilation in which he summarized the work of his predecessors.

Accursius passed on his love of jurisprudence to his children, and his daughter, Dota d'Accorso, awarded by the university with a doctorate in law and admitted to public teaching, was the first woman mentioned in the annals of the university. She was followed by other women lawyers: Bitgizia, Gozzatsini, Novella d'Andrea and others. Simultaneously with Roman law, the University of Bologna successfully taught canon law by professors who in their lectures and writings directly followed Irnerius' method. Since the second half of the 12th century, the names of professors of canon law (doctores decretorum) are found in the acts relating to the University of Bologna. Around 1148, Gratian lived in Bologna, a monk, author of famous decrees. After him, his disciples Pokapalia, Rufin, Roland Bandinelli (who later became Pope under the name of Alexander III), Guguccio, and in the XIII century. - Richard English, Damas, Tancred, famous for his "Ordo judiciarius", Bernard of Parma, Raymond of Peñafort - became the main representatives of the university teaching of canon law in Bologna. For a time the professors of Roman law (legum doctores) and the canonists (decretistae) formed two separate classes; but little by little the canonists began to regard Roman law as component part their subject, and vice versa, novelists had to make references in their works to church canons; the same scholars were often professors of both law (doctores utriusque juris) and were engaged in the teaching of both of these branches of law, closely related to each other.

During the period of the highest flourishing at the University of Bologna, the schools of law, along with jurisprudence, other sciences began to flourish: philosophy, Latin and Greek literature, and then medicine. Of the professors-philosophers, one can name Alberigo, who read in the XII century, the Florentine Lot, who taught simultaneously with philosophy and physics, the monk Moneto. Among the philologists of the University of Bologna were Gaufrido di Vinisauf, an Englishman by birth who taught and wrote in poetry and prose, Boncompagno, an excellent connoisseur of the Latin language. The study of the Greek language, which marked the beginning of the era of the humanists, took root here earlier than in other Italian universities, and since the 15th century it has firmly established itself in Bologna, which can be proud of the fact that Erasmus of Rotterdam lived among its philosophers. In Bologna, medicine also made a significant step forward thanks to the method of teaching the anatomy of the human body and animals on corpses, pioneered by Lucine di Luzzi. In the field of medicine, and then the natural sciences, women professors at the University of Bologna were especially distinguished. Among them are the names of Dorothea Bucca (XIV-XV centuries), who after the death of her father Giovanni Bucca, took the chair of practical medicine and moral philosophy, and the famous Bolognese lectrices of the 18th century who are closer to our time - Laura Bassi, who occupied the chair of experimental physics and philosophy, pride of Bolognese women, who, by subscription, erected a monument in honor of their illustrious compatriot that adorns the stairs leading to the museum and university library, Gaetana Agnezi, who taught analytical geometry, Anna Morandi, by the husband of Manzolini, known for her works on anatomy, Maria dalla Donne, who won self-respect of Napoleon I.

Fall in popularity

The spiritual and moral authority enjoyed by the professors of the Bologna school was reflected not only in the success that their lectures and writings had, but also in the high position that they occupied both in Bologna itself and abroad. They were exempt from taxes and military service and received all the rights of citizens of Bologna, even if they were not born in this city. They were titled dominus(sovereign lord), as opposed to denomination magister worn by professors of the liberal arts school, and they were listed as knights. Many of them took an active part in public affairs as judges, rulers of the city or ambassadors, such as Azo, Gugolin and Accursius in Bologna, Burgundio in Pisa, Baldina in Genoa, Rofroy in Benevengue. But often Bologna forgot that it owed its splendor to the university, and entered with it during the 12th and 13th centuries. into violent disputes that often threatened to destroy the rights and privileges of the university and interrupted classes in it. The struggle between Guelphs and Ghibellines, which divided Italy into two warring parts, was fought with particular force in Bologna, and the university could not remain indifferent to it. Despite, however, these disputes and party strife, the Bologna school by the middle of the XIII century. reached the highest point of prosperity. From that time on, the direction in the former system of glossators began to change little by little. Instead of taking exclusively texts from the primary sources of Roman law as the subject of their interpretations, the current professors began to interpret the glosses of their predecessors: in school, as in the courts, glossa magistralis Accursia took the place of Corpus juris.

Moreover, various circumstances influenced the change for the worse in the high position enjoyed by the Bolognese professors. Taking part in public affairs, they involuntarily intervened in party feuds and, thanks to this, lost a significant share of their moral influence. By the end of the XIII century. the city founded several departments for public lectures and appointed the professors who occupied these departments a certain fee in exchange for the fees paid by the students themselves, and little by little the majority of the professors were paid by the city; they thus fell under the authority of the city municipality, which claimed to regulate professorship, regardless of the personal abilities of teachers and the interests of science. And in the next century, another new measure dealt a fatal blow to the Bologna school: a political party, which was increasingly seizing power in the city, found a desire to grant the right to teach only to the citizens of Bologna and, moreover, only to members of well-known names, very few in number. The University of Bologna, thus, gradually lost its superiority in the study of Roman law, since the most famous legists of this time went to teach in Pisa, Perugia, Padua and Pavia, which challenged each other for the palm.

The fall of the Bologna school caused during the XIV century. the birth of the school of commentators (represented by Bartolo), which dominated during the XIV and XV centuries. But in the XVI century. the school of history took the work of the glossators into its own hands, expanding and supplementing it with the help of all the means that history and philology brought to it, renewed by the works of the humanists of the Renaissance.

University influence

During its existence, the Bologna school exerted a tremendous influence not only on Italy, but also on the whole of Western Europe. Thanks to the reputation of its professors, Bologna was regarded as the center of Roman law: by all accounts, it was only here that a deep knowledge of Roman law and ecclesiastical rules could be found. That is why young people from all over Europe aspired here to hear the science of law from the mouths of the professors themselves; upon their return to their homeland, former students of the University of Bologna promoted the method and doctrine of the glossators. In France

The University of Bologna is the first university in Europe. It was founded back in 1088. At first, only Roman law was taught here, but gradually the university expanded and now it consists of 23 faculties.

History of creation

The history of the University of Bologna began with the famous glossator Irnerius, who at the beginning of the last millennium decided to teach Roman law and teach it to young youths. He gave his first public lecture in 1088, this year is considered to be the date of the foundation of the university. Already in the 12th century, the professors of Roman law taught by Irnerius became famous throughout Europe, which led to a large influx of students to the university.

The highest ranks of society from all over the world sent their children here to study. However, from the very beginning, the university kept its reputation and was taken here only for excellent knowledge, and not for the money and position of the parents. At one time such students studied here famous people like Copernicus and Ulrich von Hutten.

At all times, the main feature of the university was that students were the main ones in it. It was they who chose the teachers and fired them, they even paid them a salary, although this cannot be called a salary in full measure, rather it was donations. That is, each student, if he considered it necessary, could give any amount to the teacher, and if he was guilty, he could fine him by taking the money.

University of Bologna today

Today, the University of Bologna has 23 different faculties with nearly 100,000 students.

Faculties of the University of Bologna:

The University of Bologna provides the opportunity to obtain both bachelor's and master's degrees. The bachelor's program lasts 3 years, the master's program - 2 years. Education here is conducted in both Italian and English.

Despite the rich history and prestige of the University of Bologna, education here is relatively inexpensive. Bachelor's degree costs from 600 euros, and Master Program- about 1000 euros.



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