How to treat duodenitis with mineral water. Duodenitis - symptoms and treatment. Brief historical information

Content

The human digestive system is a set internal organsinvolved in the digestion of food. Disruption of even one of the system's elements leads to serious health problems, which negatively affects the patient's well-being. One of the most common gastroenterological diseases is duodenitis - polyetiological inflammation of the initial part of the small intestine, which has many forms and manifestations.

What is duodenitis

In order for the nutrients that enter the body with food to be absorbed by the cells, it is necessary to break down large complex food molecules into smaller elements. This process is called digestion and it is carried out with the help of specific digestive enzymes produced by the exocrine glands. Mechanical and chemical processing of consumed food begins in the duodenum (DPC) - the initial part of the small intestine.

The initial segment of the digestive tract has a special histological structure due to the specifics of the functions it performs, which include:

regulation of gastric acidity;
stimulation of the secretory activity of the glands that produce bile enzymes;
alkalinization of the pH value of food coming from the stomach to prevent irritation of the distal (distal) parts of the small intestine.

To ensure the ability of the epithelium of the initial section of the small intestine to withstand the effects of gastric acidic juice and concentrated bile, its mucous membrane has a special structure and complex relief. The exposure of this segment to constant aggressive action makes it vulnerable to infectious, mechanical and other types of damage, which are united by the general medical term "enteritis". One of the diseases of this group is duodenitis - inflammation duodenum (often only her mucous membrane).

In most cases, the appearance of duodenitis is associated with other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which complicates the timely detection of the disease and contributes to its transition to a chronic form (more than 90% of cases). The onset of the disease provokes a number of causative factors that predetermine the form and course of the inflammatory process.

Causes

By the nature of the course of the inflammatory process, two types of duodenitis are distinguished, which differ in the etiology of development - primary and secondary. In the development of both types of the disease, two factors play a leading role:

weakening of the intestine (due to pathological processes or due to the genetic characteristics of the body);
the impact of irritants on the weakened area.

Primary inflammation develops as an independent disease not associated with pathologies of other organs and parts of the intestine. The causes of isolated duodenitis (which is very rare) are:

violation of proper nutrition (irregularity of meals, excessive consumption of foods that irritate the mucous membrane - very spicy, sour, hot dishes, smoked products);
food poisoning;
eating strong alcoholic beverages;
smoking;
mechanical damage to the intestinal mucosa by foreign objects;
frequent or recurring severe stress;
long-term use of potent drugs that irritate the intestinal mucosa (such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and hormonal drugs);
abuse of drinks containing caffeine.

Secondary duodenitis occurs against the background of a violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane, which loses its ability to withstand the aggressive action of gastric juice, pathogenic microorganisms and other irritating factors. The reasons for the deterioration of the initial part of the small intestine are:

trophic disorders of some parts of the stomach or duodenum (peptic ulcer);
food allergy;
chronic pancreatitis (a group of syndromes characterized by a violation of the transfer of enzymes secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum);
penetration of infectious agents into the intestine (helical bacteria Helicobacter Pylori, which, due to its ability to form a biofilm, is immune to the immune response of the human body and the aggressive environment of the stomach);
foodborne toxicoinfections caused by staphylococci, enterococci, clostridia;
reflux - reverse flow of the contents of the small intestine (goes back to the duodenum);
pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and liver of a chronic course (gastritis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, colitis, etc.).

The main pathogenetic element of the interconnected chain of inflammation factors is the dysfunction of the duodenum (deterioration of blood supply, trophism, tissue respiration). The reasons predisposing to these processes are:

Classification

According to generally accepted classification criteria, duodenitis are divided into acute and chronic (according to the form of the course), widespread and limited (according to the prevalence of inflammation). An acute process often develops against the background of inflammatory diseases of the stomach and small intestine (gastroenteritis, gastroenterocolitis), and according to the endoscopic picture (the severity of structural changes observed during visual examination with an endoscope) it is divided into:

Catarrhal duodenitis - the main reason for the development of the inflammatory process is the irritating effect of food on the intestine, when excluded from the diet harmful products the symptoms of the disease disappear.
Erosive and ulcerative - during an endoscopic examination, signs of trophic violations of the integrity of the intestinal walls (erosions and ulcers) are found.
Phlegmonous - a very rare form of pathology, characterized by the formation of a focus of suppuration (phlegmon), the cause of the disease is pyogenic microorganisms that can enter the body if the intestinal walls are damaged by a foreign object, tumor decay or with blood flow from the primary focus (abscess, furuncle).

Chronic inflammation of the duodenum cannot be classified into separate subspecies due to the lack of generally accepted classification norms, but for clinical practice this form of the disease is divided into several types, depending on the developmental characteristics. To prescribe adequate therapy, it is important to correctly determine the degree of prevalence of the inflammatory process, focal localization and the nature of structural changes. For this purpose, in gastroenterology, it is customary to divide chronic inflammation of the duodenum into the following types:

Classification attribute		Characteristic
Endoscopic picture	Surface	Inflammation affects only the surface layers of the intestinal mucosa.
	Atrophic	Atrophic duodenitis is characterized by uniform or focal thinning of the epithelial layer of the duodenum, impaired functionality, and deterioration of the organ's motor activity.
	Interstitial	A characteristic feature is the absence of damage to the duodenal glands (located in the submucosal layer of the duodenum).
	Erosive (erosive-ulcerative)	Deep inflamed defects of the duodenal mucosa are found.
	Nodular	A specific sign is the presence of small nodules on the intestinal mucosa.
	Erythematous	The development of this form of the disease is preceded by a long-term current inflammatory process in the digestive tract, often characterized by specific manifestations (inhibition of the functioning of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems).
	Hemorrhagic	The most common cause of development is the use of substances that have a very irritating effect on the mucosa, which manifests itself in the form of intraintestinal bleeding.
	Hypertrophic	There is an increase and coarsening of the folded structures of the mucous membrane, which leads to a deterioration in the expansion of the intestine with air and the accumulation of fluid in it, consisting of mucus and bile.
Clinical manifestations	Neuro-vegetative	A hallmark is the symptomatology inherent in disorders of the nervous system (dizziness, headaches, fatigue).
	Combined with a chronic form of gastritis and enteritis (gastritis-like, cholecystitis-like, pancreatic-like)	Symptoms characteristic of concomitant diseases (dyspeptic disorders such as nausea, vomiting, severe reaction to the use of spicy or smoked foods) prevail.
	Arising against the background of obstruction of the duodenum	The most pronounced duodenitis, which is manifested by severe bouts of pain, the presence of bile in the vomit.
	Mixed	The presence of symptoms and clinical manifestations characteristic of several types of the disease at once.
	Asymptomatic	The absence of obvious symptoms (more often diagnosed in people of advanced age), the presence of an inflammatory process is discovered by chance during a routine medical examination.
Localization of inflammatory foci	Bulbar (with acidopeptic genesis )	The area in close proximity to the bulb (the initial part of the intestine) is affected.
	Postbulbar	Inflammation extending deeper than the bulb.
	Local - papillitis (parapapillary diverticulitis), bulbitis (proximal) and distal.	Inflammatory processes develop in certain areas - in the area of \u200b\u200bthe intestine to the stomach (proximal), at the transition of the duodenum to the small intestine (distal), near the papillae (anatomical structures in which the ampoules are located, where bile and digestive juices are located) - peripapillary.
	Diffuse (total)	The lesion extends to the entire surface of the mucous membrane.
Specific species		They develop against the background of infections, fungal infections, viruses and other pathogenic factors.

Symptoms

Due to the fact that inflammation of the duodenum rarely develops in isolation, the symptoms and treatment of duodenitis are often similar to the clinical signs and therapy of the diseases that provoked it. With the localization of foci of inflammation in the upper parts of the intestine, the manifestations are similar to peptic ulcer disease, if the lower parts are affected, the symptoms resemble cholecystitis or pancreatitis. Such a "masking" of the disease makes it difficult to establish an accurate diagnosis, therefore, differential diagnosis is often required.

The severity and nature of signs of the presence of duodenal pathology depend on the form of the disease and its type. The general obvious symptoms that become the reason for going to the doctor for all types of ailment are:

pain syndrome, localized in the middle part of the abdominal wall (epigastric region);
loss of appetite;
nausea;
vomiting (not always);
soreness when feeling the surface of the abdomen;
asthenia (general weakness).

Chronic duodenitis

The clinical signs of chronic duodenitis are less pronounced compared to the symptoms of acute inflammation. The symptomatology of this type of disease is variable and depends on the form of the pathology. The most common complaints with which patients with inflammation of the duodenum turn to a gastroenterologist are:

pain in the epigastric region is dull, persistent, ulcerative in nature, attacks intensify after eating or during hunger;
discomfort behind the sternum extending upward from the epigastric region (heartburn);
after eating, there is a feeling of heaviness, bloating in the upper abdomen (in connection with which there is a decrease in appetite);
digestive disorders (manifested in the form of upset stools, flatulence);
belching that has a bitter taste;
increased irritability, loss of strength, drowsiness;
the appearance of a white or yellow-white coating on the tongue;
hand tremors (tremors);
noise in ears.

Specific symptoms of an inflammatory disease associated with clinical forms may include the following:

Disease form	Typical symptoms
Associated with duododenostasis	The pain syndrome is very pronounced, has a twisting paroxysmal character, sensations are localized mainly in the right side of the abdomen, bile is present in the vomit.
Ulcerative, Acidopeptic	Increased pain sensations when hunger appears, after 1-1.5 hours. after eating or at night.
Local parapapillary	Jaundice of the skin and eye sclera, pain syndrome extends to the left hypochondrium or becomes shingles, the feces are lightened (up to white).
Gastritis-like	Frequent attacks of nausea, vomiting, pain occurs after 15-20 minutes. after eating, diarrhea, bloating, increased gas production.
Cholecystitis-like, pancreatic	Acute pain syndrome, the focus of which is located in the right or left hypochondrium, there is a tendency of pain to irradiation.
Neuro-vegetative	Signs of neuropsychiatric disorders prevail, dumping syndrome develops (rapid flow of undigested food from the stomach into the intestines), which is characterized by general weakness after eating, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, a feeling of diffuse heat in the upper half of the body, sweating, and hyperthermia.
Hemorrhagic	The presence of an admixture of blood in feces and vomit.
Erythematous	Pain in duodenitis is paroxysmal, accompanied by headache, shortness of breath, tachycardia.
Hypertrophic	Acute pain syndrome, lack of appetite, hyperthermia (body temperature rises to 38 degrees), profuse and frequent vomiting.

Acute

An acute inflammatory process is characterized by a sudden onset and pronounced manifestations. With the timely detection of the symptoms of pathology at this stage, changes in the mucosa are quickly and completely eliminated by appropriate treatment. Due to the performance of important functions by the duodenum in the process of digestion, any failures in the work of this organ lead to significant disruptions in the functioning of the entire gastrointestinal tract, which manifests itself in characteristic symptoms. The main clinical symptoms of acute inflammation are:

acute pain that occurs periodically;
pain attacks occur after eating or during a night's sleep;
general symptoms (weakness, loss of strength, dizziness, etc.);
nausea, vomiting;
belching with a bitter aftertaste;
an increase in body temperature up to 38 degrees;
bloating;
upset stool (diarrhea or constipation).

The most serious condition observed in a rare form of pathology - phlegmonous. The signs that appear in this disease are difficult to identify specifically with the pathology of the duodenum, therefore it is often detected only during the surgical procedure. The main symptoms of the disease are as follows:

a sharp deterioration in the patient's condition;
a positive reaction to the Shchetkin-Blumberg test (increased pain after a sharp withdrawal of the hand, putting pressure on the painful area);
drops in body temperature;
pain in the right hypochondrium, which is painful in nature;
frequent bouts of nausea, accompanied by incessant vomiting.

Duodenitis in children

A distinctive feature of inflammation of the duodenum in children is its primary nature (secondary duodenitis in pediatric practice is rarely diagnosed). The disease affects children of all ages and, in terms of clinical symptoms, differs little from the course of a similar pathology in adults. The most frequent reasons development of the inflammatory process in a child are nutritional defects (inadequate diet, non-compliance with the regimen, dry eating), food allergies, helminthic invasions.

Complications of duodenitis in childhood are rare, but the long course of the disease (more than 3 years) leads to the spread of the pathological process to the distal intestine. Disease of the duodenum in children in almost all cases is accompanied by gastritis or cholecystitis and, if untreated, leads to the development of gastroduodenitis (inflammation of the pylorus of the stomach, which provokes mucosal atrophy).

Severe symptoms of pathology persist for 1-2 weeks, after which a period of remission begins, during which children may not complain, but pain on palpation of the abdomen persists. If a child has the following symptoms, you should consult a doctor for a diagnostic examination:

the occurrence of pain attacks in the right hypochondrium (appear 1-2 hours after eating or on an empty stomach);
a tendency to constipation;
dependence of pain on the nature of the food consumed (poor tolerance of spicy, salty, very hot or cold food, carbonated drinks);
fast saturation;
pain on palpation of the pyloroduodenal zone (right side of the middle of the abdomen);
excessive sweating;
drowsiness.

Complications

In view of the fact that isolated inflammation of the duodenum is rare, and concomitant diseases cause dystrophic changes in the intestinal mucosa, it is difficult to reliably relate the complications arising from these processes specifically with duodenitis. The secondary form of the disease can become one of the provoking factors in the development of pathologies such as:

duodenal ulcer;
peritonitis (inflammation of the sheets of the peritoneum);
malignant neoplasms;
failure of digestion (maldigestion syndrome);
perforation of the duodenum (perforation of the ulcer);
partial or complete intestinal obstruction;
periduodenitis (inflammation of the serous membranes of the duodenum);
mesenteritis, mesenteritis (inflammation of the fatty tissue of the mesentery - the organ through which the hollow organs of the peritoneum are attached to the back wall of the abdomen).

The primary form of the disease, when detected early, responds well to treatment and rarely leads to significant morphological changes in the mucous membrane, but with a long course of pathology and the absence of adequate therapy, it can provoke negative consequences for the body. The most dangerous species the disease is phlegmonous, which leads to complications such as:

liver abscess;
subphrenic abscess;
pyothorax (purulent pleurisy);
splenic vein thrombosis;
sepsis (blood poisoning by microbes);
pyloric stenosis (narrowing of the sphincter that separates the stomach and small intestine);
intestinal bleeding.

Diagnostics

If there is a suspicion about the presence of duodenitis in a patient who has applied with characteristic complaints, the gastroenterologist conducts a visual examination and palpation in the area of \u200b\u200bthe bowel projection. To confirm the preliminary diagnosis before prescribing treatment, additional studies are carried out:

coprogram (feces analysis) - carried out to assess the state and functioning of the digestive system;
blood test (general and biochemical tests) - is carried out to detect the presence and determine the type of pathogens;
analysis of gastric juice - helps to determine the pH level.

The variety and non-specificity of clinical manifestations of inflammatory disease of the duodenum require examination using instrumental methods. To differentiate pathology with other diseases, it is necessary to simultaneously diagnose the organs of the digestive system associated with the duodenum. In order to confirm a preliminary diagnosis, the following methods can be used:

fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS);
x-ray contrast examination of the abdominal organs;
ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the duodenum and other organs;
duodenal intubation (examination of bile obtained by aspiration with a probe);
retrograde cholangiopancreatography (endoscopic examination of the biliary tract);
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (examination with a gastroscope of the upper gastrointestinal tract);
floor manometry (study of the motility of the upper digestive tract);
impedance-pH-metry (examination of the esophagus by measuring the resistance between the electrodes introduced with a probe);
breath tests to determine the presence of the bacteria Helicobacter Pylori;
computed or magnetic resonance imaging.

Duodenitis treatment

The initial stage in the treatment of an inflammatory disease is to eliminate the cause of its occurrence, established by the results of diagnostics. The acute course of the pathology (catarrhal and ulcerative type) involves treatment in a hospital in compliance with bed rest and performing gastric lavage procedures. The phlegmonous type requires only surgical intervention by opening and draining the foci of suppuration.

Therapeutic measures for chronic duodenitis depend on the clinical variant of the disease. During an exacerbation, patients need hospitalization, after relief of acute symptoms, patients are shown anti-relapse therapy and dispensary observation. The basis for the treatment of all forms of the disease is dietary nutrition and medical therapy. To increase the effectiveness of the measures taken, it is recommended to supplement the treatment regimen with physiotherapeutic procedures (electrophoresis, paraffin applications, diathermy) and balneotherapy.

Medication treatment

Medicines are included in the duodenitis therapy regimen in order to achieve positive effect in several directions. The key tasks of drug treatment are to eliminate the cause of inflammation, restore the functionality of the duodenum, and normalize digestion. Due to the variety of clinical manifestations and disease-provoking factors, the spectrum of pharmacological drugs used in the treatment process is extensive and includes the following groups of drugs:

Purpose of treatment	Pharmacological group	Drugs
Antibiotic therapy (in case of infection with the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori)	Antibiotics of the group of penicillins, macrolides, tetracyclines	Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole
	Antiprotozoal, antihelminthic	Metronidazole, Vormil, Chloxin, Vermox, Decaris, Diethylcarbamazine
	Antimicrobial, Antibacterial	Furazolidone, Tinidazole,
PH normalization	Antacids	Almagel, Maalox, Phosphalugel
PH normalization	Proton pump inhibitors	Omez, Nexium, Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole
Protection of the mucous membrane from aggressive factors	Gastroprotectors	De-nol, Sukralfat
	Prostaglandins	Misoprostol, Cytotec,
	H2-histamine blockers	Ranitidine, Cimetidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine
Restoration of the mucosa and walls of the duodenum	Anti-inflammatory	Ventroxol, Caved-S
Relief of symptoms of the disease	Antispasmodics	No-shpa, Papaverine
	Prokinetics	Itomed, Ganaton, Itoprid, Cerucal
	Probiotics	Linex, Bifiform
	Sedatives	Tenoten, Valerian
Digestion normalization	Polyenzyme	Creon 10000
Elimination of intestinal obstruction	Bile acid sequestrants	Cholestyramine
	Antimicrobial	Intestopan
	Intestinal antiseptics	Enterosedive

One of the most effective drugs that block the secretion of hydrochloric acid, is a prodrug (a modified dosage form that becomes a drug only after exposure to an acidic environment) Omeprazole. The active substance easily penetrates the cells of the stomach and begins to act already after 0.5-1 hours after ingestion. The drug is included in the duodenitis treatment program for the purpose of eradication (complete destruction) of the Helicobacter Pylori bacteria and for the prevention of exacerbation of the symptoms of the disease:

Characteristics: the antiulcer drug has an antisecretory effect by inhibiting (suppressing) the exchange of hydrogen ions ("proton pump"), thereby reducing the production of hydrochloric acid. Maintaining the intragastric acidity level lasts at least 24 hours. The drug is contraindicated in the presence of tumor processes, individual intolerance of the constituent components.
Side effects: from negative actions, the most frequent are head and abdominal pains, nausea, vomiting, stool disturbances, in some cases visual impairments, bronchospasms, dizziness, sleep disturbances, skin rashes may occur.
Method of application: capsules are taken whole (the shell should not be damaged) before or during meals, the recommended daily dose is 20 mg (1 capsule), treatment lasts from 2 to 4 weeks. According to the indications, the dosage and duration of the course can be adjusted.
Benefits: long-term positive effect.
Disadvantages: many side effects.

Maalox is an effective and safe remedy for reducing the severity of unpleasant symptoms and protecting the mucous membrane from the aggressive action of pathogens. The drug is available in the form of tablets and suspensions in vials or sachets. The indication for the inclusion of Maalox in the treatment protocol is chronic duodenitis at the stage of exacerbation:

Characteristics: the drug provides a pronounced neutralizing and protective effect due to the balanced action of the constituent components - magnesium and aluminum hydroxides. Active substances drugs have acid-neutralizing activity, adsorbing ability. The enveloping effect lasts for several hours after ingestion, which helps to eliminate pain symptoms in the upper esophagus. An antacid (acidity-lowering) agent is contraindicated in severe renal dysfunction.
Side effects: rare negative phenomena associated with taking the drug include constipation, nausea, dysgeusia (impaired taste), with prolonged use or exceeding the dosage, hypophosphatemia (phosphate deficiency) may develop.
Method of application: for the treatment of duodenitis, 15 ml of suspension or 1 table is prescribed. 3-4 times a day, 1.5-2 hours after a meal. In order to eliminate discomfort in the stomach (occasional use) 1 tbsp. or 1 table. is taken once. The time interval between taking Maalox and other drugs should be at least 2 hours.
Advantages: good tolerance, fast action.
Disadvantages: not suitable for long-term treatment.

Food

The key point in the treatment of inflammatory duodenal disease is diet therapy. Without adherence to the rules of medical nutrition, other therapeutic measures will be ineffective. The acute form of the disease requires two days of fasting, combined with gastric lavage, after which the patient is assigned a diet aimed at normalizing gastric secretion (table number 1). When the pathology enters the latent phase, the patient is transferred to dietary table No. 5 (good nutrition with a slight cut in proteins and carbohydrates) or No. 1 (with cut fat).

The general rules of diet therapy are a gentle cooking regimen (boiling, rubbing, baking), fractional meals (4-5 times a day in small portions), maintaining water balance (daily consumption of at least 1.5 liters of water). The list of permitted and prohibited foods for dietary nutrition includes the following items:

Prohibited foods	Allowed Products
Fiber-rich foods (legumes, cabbage, turnips, radishes, hard fruits, pickled and raw vegetables)	Vegetables (boiled or pureed) - beets, carrots, pumpkin, zucchini, potatoes
Wholemeal bread	Wheat bread
Fatty meat, cartilage, poultry and fish skin	Lean meat without skin (chicken, turkey, veal)
Fatty dairy products with high acidity ( butter, spicy cheeses)	Dairy products with a low percentage of fat (yogurt, kefir, cottage cheese)
Sour fruits, berries	Mashed sweet fruits (puree)
	Herbal teas, jelly, rosehip decoction
Sauces, mayonnaise, mustard, hot spices	Eggs (boiled soft-boiled)
Strong broths, hot liquid dishes, okroshka	Cereal liquid porridge
Smoked meats, pickles	Jelly, mousse, marshmallow
Chocolate, ice cream, honey	Vegetable oils

Folk remedies

Traditional methods of treating duodenitis can be supplemented with traditional medicine. Herbal remedies recommended to reduce the severity of symptoms of the disease and speed up the healing process contain plant componentswith healing properties. Before starting to use any folk remedies, you must agree with your doctor about their composition. Prescriptions should be selected based on the form and stage of the disease. The most popular herbal remedies that have a healing effect on the mucous membrane of the duodenum are:

Nettle-oatmeal broth. The product should be taken 100 ml three times a day before meals. For cooking, you must use unpeeled oats. Pour 200 g of raw materials into 1 liter of water and cook over low heat until the decoction acquires a slimy consistency, then strain and pour into a glass container. Separately prepare nettle leaves - pour 1 cup 3 cups of boiling water and leave for 40 minutes, then strain. Nettle leaves are added to the oat broth, and the liquid is used in the form of tea.
Rosehip jelly. With duodenitis of an erosive and superficial appearance, it is effective to include rosehip jelly in the treatment regimen, for the preparation of which 1 tbsp. fruit pour 5 tbsp. water and bring to a boil over high heat. Insist the finished broth for 1 hour, then strain and pour the liquid into another container, and knead the fruits, pour 500 ml of water and cook for 10-15 minutes. After straining, combine the broth, infusion and rose hips, and bring to a boil for the third time, adding potato starch. Kissel should be taken three times a day for 1 glass.
A decoction of St. John's wort. A decrease in the severity of symptoms occurs with the regular use of 100 ml of the drink half an hour before meals three times a day. To prepare the broth, it is necessary to combine 2 tablespoons in a glass container. dried herbs and 1 glass of water, place it in a larger container filled with water and put on fire. After 30 min. remove the broth from the stove, cool and strain.

Prevention

Measures aimed at preventing disease are divided into primary and secondary. The first group of preventive measures aims to reduce the risk of developing the disease in healthy people, the second - to prevent relapse after a course of treatment in patients with a chronic form of the disease. In order to avoid inflammation of the duodenum, you must adhere to the following rules:

adherence to the principles of proper nutrition (a balanced diet with a predominance of products containing vital vitamins and minerals);
refusal to use potentially unsafe products and substances (tobacco, alcohol, drugs, etc.);
controlled intake of medications;
strengthening of immunity;
timely access to a doctor when disturbing symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract appear;
observance of the rules of personal hygiene to prevent the penetration of pathogenic bacteria, helminths and other microorganisms into the body;
timely treatment of infectious pathologies;
ensuring a sufficient level of physical activity for their age group;
decrease in the level of psycho-emotional stress.

Prevention of exacerbation of chronic duodenitis consists in performing all of the above measures and regularly visiting a doctor for an outpatient examination. Patients can be prescribed preventive visits to resort areas and specialized sanatoriums to increase the duration of the period of remission of the disease.

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Content

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the duodenum (duodenitis) is the most common disease of the initial part of the small intestine. According to statistics, 10% of the world's population have experienced symptoms of this disease at least once in their life. Duodenitis equally affects representatives of different age groups, but in men it is diagnosed 2 times more often.

What is duodenitis

The initial part of the small intestine is the duodenum, which plays an important role in digestion. The organ is located next to the stomach at the level of 1-3 lumbar vertebrae. Sometimes the pathology of this part of the small intestine develops on its own, but more often it is a consequence of chronic inflammation in other parts of the digestive system. The chronic course of the disease is characterized by a variety of symptoms that make it difficult to make a correct diagnosis.

Causes

Inflammation of the duodenum can be the result of an improper lifestyle.This form of the disease is called primary. Secondary duodenitis develops as a result of inadequate treatment of gastritis, ulcerative lesions of the duodenum and stomach. As a rule, the primary form of the disease is due to:

There are factors that can provoke chronic duodenitis. The disease can form against the background:

pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas);
liver pathology;
intestinal diseases;
diseases of the biliary tract;
immunodeficiency;
renal failure;
cardiovascular disease.

Classification

Chronic duodenitis is divided according to several characteristics: localization, clinical picture, etiology, morphological (tissue) signs, phase of the disease. In terms of prevalence, inflammation of the duodenum is total (the entire organ is involved) or local (limited). In addition, the following forms are distinguished:

diffuse (the mucous membrane of the entire organ is inflamed);
focal (a small area is inflamed);
interstitial (there is no atrophy of the intestinal digestive glands);
erosive and ulcerative (there are wounds on the mucous membrane).

Morphological signs are the same for all types of pathology, the difference is only the prevalence of the process. A special type of chronic form of duodenitis is superficial, which is characterized by thickening of the mucous membrane and organ and is the most common form of the disease. According to visual data during endoscopic examination, the following types of disease are established:

erythematous (the mucous membrane turns red and swells);
hemorrhagic (hemorrhages are found);
atrophic (signs of thinning of the mucous membrane, translucent vessels, etc.);
nodular (in the presence of small formations that resemble nodules in structure);
erosive (with partial or complete destruction of the surface of the mucous membrane).

The clinical picture of chronic duodenitis differs in variety. If the inflammatory process occurs in the area of \u200b\u200bthe duodenal bulb (proximal form), then it is called bulbit. Sometimes the pathology is localized in the bulbous sections (distal, or postbulbar form of duodenitis). Rarely, the inflammation spreads to the large duodenal papilla (papillitis), even less often it covers the entire organ (diffuse duodenitis).

Frequent signs of a chronic illness are pain in the stomach, dyspeptic disorders (difficulty in digestion, heaviness in the stomach), vomiting, and nausea. During the period of exacerbation, there are:

headaches;
cramping soreness in the epigastrium (upper abdomen);
feeling of heaviness in the stomach;
vegetative disorders (sweating, heart palpitations, dilated pupils and others);
general malaise.

Duodenitis symptoms

Duodenitis pain can appear suddenly or increase gradually. Often, the disease manifests itself after eating fatty foods, excess alcohol. In chronic duodenitis, the symptoms are less pronounced than in the acute phase of the disease. Inflammation of the duodenum in a sluggish stage is difficult to distinguish from other pathologies of the digestive system, because it is characterized by similar clinical signs:

pains of varying intensity arising in the upper abdomen, hypochondrium, behind the breastbone during meals;
stool problems (alternating constipation and diarrhea);
signs of gastric dyspepsia (burning, heaviness, discomfort in the epigastric and epigastric region, bloating, distention of the abdomen, nausea, belching, heartburn, coated tongue, bitterness in the mouth);
psychoemotional disorders (tearfulness, unmotivated irritability).

Diagnostics

The specialist may suspect chronic duodenitis after the first conversation and examination of the patient. Taking into account the patient's complaints, anamnesis (history of development) of pathology. For the final verification of the diagnosis, a comprehensive examination will be required. Depending on the clinical situation, the doctor may recommend several of the following tests:

Treatment of chronic duodenitis

The therapeutic scheme includes a comprehensive treatment of duodenitis.It consists of several activities:

elimination of symptoms with the help of medicines of different groups;
a diet aimed at enriching the body with proteins and vitamins;
with prolonged exacerbation and ineffectiveness of pain relief, the appointment of antidepressants;
auxiliary treatment with folk remedies.

All activities are carried out at home. For a speedy recovery, the patient should stop smoking and take alcoholic beverages, avoid stressful situations. The patient needs good sleep, rest, lungs physical exercise and regular walks in the fresh air. In the period of remission (weakening or absence of signs of the disease), sanatorium treatment is indicated.

Diet

Even pronounced duodenitis can be cured by correcting the diet. An important role is given not only to the correct choice of products, but also to the method of their preparation, the mode of eating. It is necessary to eat 5-6 times / day. Foods should be steamed, boiled, or baked. Fried, spicy, smoked foods are strictly prohibited. The diet limits the daily consumption of table salt to 10 g. Prohibited foods:

cream, biscuit confectionery;
coarse fiber: peas, lentils, beans and other legumes;
fatty meats: pork, lamb, beef;
acidic foods; sauerkraut, lemons, vinegar, currants;
fresh bakery;
strong coffee, tea;
sauces, incl. mayonnaise, ketchup;
horseradish, radish, ginger.

The diet for chronic duodenitis implies an increased content of healthy food in the diet. A varied and delicious menu can be composed of the following products:

Porridge, cereal soups. Rice and oatmeal are especially beneficial. Oatmeal jelly has an enveloping effect. It is recommended to cook porridge and soups in diluted milk.
Mashed vegetables. For lunch, it is allowed to eat carrots, pumpkin, cabbage, potatoes.
Fish, meat with low fat content. Veal, chicken, rabbit, river fish are allowed.
Bread. Crackers are allowed.
Eggs. You can boil them soft-boiled or make omelets.
Dairy products. Cottage cheese and fat-free kefir are especially useful.

Drug therapy

Treatment of duodenitis with medicines includes the appointment of different groups of drugs.In most cases, an integrated approach is carried out by the simultaneous administration of several drugs. For the treatment of inflammation of the duodenum, the following groups of medicines are used:

Antibiotics. It is used when Helicobacter pylori is detected. The antibacterial course includes oral administration of 2-3 drugs for 10 days. Among them are Metronidazole, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline.
Antispasmodics. Applied with severe pain and pronounced discomfort. Medicines reduce the intensity of pain, and the inflammation is eliminated. It is taken orally or intramuscularly for 1-3 weeks. Doctors prefer myotropic antispasmodics, which, as a result of a direct relaxing effect on the smooth muscles of the organ, alleviate pain and discomfort. No-shpa, Papaverin, Drotaverin.
Antacids. Drugs that effectively fight acidity in the digestive tract. Medicines are produced in the form of tablets, emulsions, gels, solutions. The average course of treatment is 2-4 weeks. The most effective drugs: Maalox, Fosfalugel, Gaviscon.
Histamine blockers. These are drugs that reduce secretion (production of hydrochloric acid). The course of treatment with tablets is 3-4 weeks. Popular antisecretory agents: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Ranitidine.
Prokinetics. Medicines that regulate intestinal motor activity. Accelerate the passage of feces through the gastrointestinal tract, improve peristalsis, and stimulate smooth muscles. The course of treatment with pills is from several days to several months. Among them are: Itomed, Tserukal, Motilium.
Enzymes for digestion. They normalize the process of breaking down proteins, fats, carbohydrates. After ingestion, the process of food digestion is normalized. The course of treatment is 10-14 days. The best polyenzyme drugs: Creon, Pancreatin, Mezim.
Proton pump inhibitors. The action of the tablets is aimed at reducing the production of gastric juice. They are always used in combination therapy with antibacterial drugs. The course of treatment is from several days to several months. The best medicines: Acrilanz, Gastrozole, Omez.

Folk remedies

Chronic duodenitis after consultation with a doctor, you can additionally treat medicinal herbs... The restoration of the functions of the duodenum and the normalization of digestion will occur quickly if you use the following recipes:

Herbal decoction number 1. Take one part of common tansy, calamus and valerian roots, anise fruits. Pour 5 g of the collection with 0.5 liters of water, simmer for 15 minutes over low heat. Let the broth brew for 2 hours, then strain and take 0.5 cups 3 times a day 1 hour before meals for 14 days.
Herbal decoction No. 2. Mix in equal amounts the herb centaury, the roots of calamus and dandelion, wormwood. One Art. l. collection, boil in 200 ml of water, then let it brew for 20 minutes, strain, use 1/3 cup 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 2 weeks.
Sea buckthorn oil. Take 500 g of fresh sea buckthorn, wash, dry, mash. Pour the crumpled berries with 0.5 liters of any vegetable oil, let it brew for a week. Then strain the product, wipe the cake through a sieve, use 1 tbsp on an empty stomach 1 time per day. l. Treat with sea buckthorn for 2 weeks. The therapy can be repeated after 7 days.

Prevention

It is necessary to follow a number of rules to prevent the occurrence of chronic duodenitis.Every potential patient needs:

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The digestive system is a very complex mechanism, the work of which depends on many factors. Almost everyone has encountered any gastrointestinal diseases. Very often various parts of the intestine are affected, especially the duodenum. The most common violation in her work is duodenitis. After the diagnosis is made, the doctor prescribes a set of procedures for the treatment of this pathology.

Description of the disease

The duodenum (Duodenum) is the initial section of the small intestine. Its length is approximately 25 centimeters. The common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct opens into the intestinal lumen. In this place, a special vater papilla is formed, which, with the help of a sphincter, regulates the flow of bile and secretions.

KDP performs very important functions:

Alkalization of gastric juice. When leaving the stomach, food is extremely acidic, and in the duodenum it becomes alkaline and does not irritate the subsequent parts of the intestine.
Analysis of the incoming food and regulation of the secretion of the necessary digestive enzymes, bile and pancreatic juice.
Implementation of the reflex opening and closing of the pylorus of the stomach (responsible for the entry of food into the small intestine).

The walls of the intestine have a special structure, as it must withstand the influence of acid, bile and digestive enzymes. The cells have a very thick membrane that is resistant to external influences. In deeper layers, there are Brunner's glands, which secrete a large amount of mucous secretion that neutralizes the effect of aggressive reagents.

Various inflammatory processes can develop in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but most often the duodenum is affected, since it is located between the stomach and the small intestine - it can be exposed to harmful substances and infections from both sides at once. This is how duodenitis develops.

This disease can develop in all age groups, including children. Many people have experienced various unpleasant symptoms at least once in their lives. Most often, duodenitis occurs in men due to bad habits and non-compliance with a healthy lifestyle. The cause of the disease can be:

intestinal atony;
poisoning;
food with irritating mucous membranes;
foreign bodies;
ulcers;
hepatitis.

Also, frequent stress and taking certain medications affect the work of the entire gastrointestinal tract.

Video: about duodenitis in Elena Malysheva's program "It's great to live!"

Classification

Depending on the form of flow, two types of duodenitis are distinguished:

Acute. It has a very fast onset and pronounced symptoms. Inflammation of the mucous membrane occurs and ulcers, erosion and phlegmon can form. This type, with the right approach, can be cured within a few weeks. Repeated attacks almost always lead to chronicity of the process. This occurs in about 90% of patients with recurrent duodenitis (catarrhal, erosive-ulcerative, phlegmonous). The acute stage lasts for about a month. In the process, patients often complain of acute pain in the upper abdomen, in the hypochondrium. Sometimes the disease is accompanied by fever and even vomiting of bile.
Chronic. the most difficult to treat, requires a strict diet and long-term drug treatment. The disease is very long lasting and has mild symptoms. It can occur as a separate disease, or become a consequence of concomitant pathologies. There is a risk of developing deep ulcerative lesions and degeneration of the upper layers of the intestine.

According to the prevalence of the inflammatory process, duodenitis can be local, in which a certain part of the intestine is affected, or diffuse (widespread). Local can be proximal (bulbitis), distal (postbulbar), and inflamed papilla (papillitis).

There is a classification according to the severity of mucosal lesions:

superficial, affecting the uppermost intestinal tissues, accompanied by edema and hyperemia;
atrophic, leading to thinning or complete absence of the mucous membrane;
interstitial, in which the inflammatory process penetrates into the deeper layers of tissues;
erosive (accompanied by the formation of ulcerative lesions).

There are also special forms of specific duodenitis: tuberculous, fungal, immunodeficient, with Whipple's disease, Crohn's disease, etc.

If you experience symptoms of a disease of the gastrointestinal tract, you should contact a gastroenterologist. In most cases, treatment can be done at home. The therapy regimen depends on the severity of the inflammatory process and concomitant diseases.

Hospitalization is prescribed for such indications as:

severe exacerbation of duodenitis;
suspicion of tumor diseases;
severe stages of the disease requiring emergency treatment;
periduodenitis;
internal bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract.

It is extremely important for the patient to create a calm environment and eliminate stressful effects on the psyche. You also need to observe a sleep regimen, fully rest, take walks in the fresh air. It is worth giving up all bad habits, not only during treatment, but also after recovery.

Drug therapy

Depending on the cause of duodenitis, the doctor prescribes drugs from the following list:

Mezim is an enzyme preparation that promotes the digestion process Papaverine has a pronounced antispasmodic Ranitidine is an antiulcer drug that blocks H2-histamine receptors
Omeprazole is a drug that inhibits gastric acid secretion Maalox is an antacid drug for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract Clarithromycin is a semi-synthetic antibacterial agent used to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases
Itomed is a drug that has an antiemetic and stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract Flagil has antiprotozoal and antibacterial effects

During pregnancy, the doctor prescribes medications only in cases where the benefits to the mother outweigh the potential health risks to the baby. The above means may be prescribed after examination and the decision of a specialist. Mostly they try to limit themselves to a diet.

Children, as well as adults, can be prescribed drugs in appropriate dosages.

Surgical intervention

Surgical measures are prescribed for severe intestinal blockages, violation of its patency. This can be due to adhesions, mechanical barriers, functional obstruction. Also, operations are prescribed for bleeding and perforation of the walls of the duodenum.

With spasms of the sphincter of the bile duct, an operation called papillosphincterotomy is prescribed. It is performed using an endoscope. The surgeon makes small incisions in the sphincter, which helps reduce congestion and bile outflow.
In the case of the formation of adhesions, they are excised, which makes it possible to improve intestinal permeability and normalize its work.
If intestinal atony has not been eliminated with medication, then the surgeon performs an operation to create intestinal anostamosis. This is a very serious procedure in which a part of an inoperative organ can be removed and connected to adjacent parts of the intestine. Thus, food begins to flow into the lower parts of the digestive system, bypassing the atrophied area.
If there is an additional loop that leads to increased mobility of the organ, it is fixed to the mesentery.

How to properly treat duodenitis with a diet

Proper nutrition is the mainstay of treatment for duodenitis. With its help, you can lower the acidity of gastric juice, reduce inflammation, and accelerate tissue regeneration. Strict diet in the first five days after the onset of the disease. All products that can irritate the mucous membrane, are poorly digested, accelerate the secretion of gastric juice, and cause bloating are completely excluded.

At the stage of treatment, the following dishes and products are allowed:

Soups and low-fat broths. All ingredients must be wiped clean. You can add rice, semolina, cream. The most optimal is the consistency of cream soup, when all the ingredients are crushed to a uniform consistency.
Dairy products are not acidic. The use of low-fat milk, cream, yoghurts is allowed.
Meat and fish should initially be passed through a meat grinder. Steam cooking is the most useful. Veal, beef, rabbit and turkey are most suitable.
Porridge made from buckwheat, oatmeal, semolina and rice. Can be cooked in water or milk.
Lightly brewed tea, with the addition of milk. Also useful will be chamomile infusion, a decoction of rose hips, jelly.

Various cream soups are great for treating duodenitis

Observe the following rules for eating:

Eliminate complex recipes, use a small amount of ingredients.
All food at first should be soft, liquid consistency. Meat or fish can only be crushed if they are very soft and free of hard inclusions.
Dishes should not be very hot or cold. The temperature should be neutral.
Food intake should be according to a certain schedule, with a break of no more than four hours. Meals must be fractional, in small portions 4-6 times a day.
Food must be chewed thoroughly to reduce the strain on the digestive system.
The last meal should be taken at least one and a half hours before bedtime.
The period of adherence to the diet is from two weeks to several months.

Photo gallery: prohibited foods

Products that contain coarse fiber remain in the stomach for a long time and adversely affect the course of duodenitis The limitation for duodenitis includes wheat bran and fresh bread According to the treatment table No. 1, all dishes are served boiled or steamed, in rare cases baking is allowed, but without a crust In the presence of duodenitis, you need to refuse any food and drinks that irritate the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum During duodenitis, the patient needs a measured diet of warm, shabby or liquid food: lean baked meat, boiled potatoes, unsalted meat broth If there is a gastritis or dyodenitis, it is necessary to exclude onion, chernok, redis, since the essential oils contained in them irritate the mucus of the digestive tract. All sweets are also removed from the menu (at least for the period of exacerbations)

ethnoscience

Treatment of duodenitis with folk remedies is possible in combination with other medical procedures and only after consulting a doctor. They are not a substitute for medication, but they can be great additions. First of all, funds should be selected that have anti-inflammatory, soothing and regenerating properties.

Before starting phytotherapy, you should consult your doctor, as with other methods.

Herbs suppress gastric acid secretion

Mix equal amounts of chamomile flowers, mint leaves and oregano, you can grind them with a blender.
Pour 250 ml of boiling water over three tablespoons of the mixture and leave for an hour, covered with a lid.
Strain the resulting infusion and take it in the morning and evening.

If desired, you can drink it every time instead of tea. The minimum course of admission is two weeks.

Decoction for ulcers and erosion

Nettles and oats are considered excellent remedies for duodenitis.

Nettle is famous for its ability to stop bleeding and is often used in various herbal preparations.

Take a tablespoon each of nettle leaves, yarrow, and buckthorn bark.
Place the mixture in a saucepan, add half a liter of water and simmer for five minutes.
After cooling, strain the broth.

Drink the finished product in a glass in the morning and before bedtime. The optimal course is two to three weeks.

Aloe & Oatmeal Regenerating Blend

Aloe vera drink is good for treating chronic duodenitis

Aloe is an extremely beneficial herb that can reduce inflammation, speed up the healing process of mucous membranes, and serves as an antibacterial agent. It is very important to collect the juice correctly in order to extract the maximum of useful substances from it. Do not water the aloe for about three days before cutting the leaves. Wash the cut leaves, blot with a napkin and put in the refrigerator for a week. If treatment is required very urgently, then fresh juice can be used.

Take aloe leaves, squeeze the juice out of them.
Pour three tablespoons of oatmeal with a glass of boiling water and leave for 30 minutes, and then cook for about twenty minutes.
Strain the porridge and use only a slimy liquid, cool.
Mix 50 ml of juice and the resulting oatmeal broth.

Take the finished product in 100-150 ml half an hour before meals three times a day. You can store in the refrigerator for no more than one day.

Propolis with honey

This remedy is very simple to prepare and is very common in the treatment different types duodenitis. Propolis with honey has an antibacterial effect and reduces the likelihood of ulceration.

Grind the propolis very carefully, as coarse particles tend to injure an already irritated area.
Mix honey and propolis in a 2: 1 ratio.

It should be taken in a teaspoon in the morning or evening - either before meals or two hours after.

Video: treatment of duodenitis with folk remedies

Homeopathy

There are a number of homeopathic remedies that are prescribed for duodenitis: Nux Vomica, Antimonium Krudum, Briony, Pulsatilla, Kalium bichromicum, etc. Which drug is suitable for the patient, only a homeopath can determine, since each of the remedies has its own special indications.

Possible consequences

If you do not start treatment on time, very serious consequences and complications can develop:

intestinal obstruction, in which food ceases to fully move through the intestines and congestion is formed. Sometimes this is due to adhesions at the site of inflammation;
ulcerative diseases. Prolonged exposure to the duodenal mucosa can lead to gradual tissue degeneration and wound formation. Internal bleeding with this complication is very dangerous;
maldigestion syndrome, in which the absorption of nutrients is impaired. With a long course of the disease, depletion of the body, vitamin deficiency, anemia and many very dangerous conditions that threaten the health of the body appear.

For the prevention of such an unpleasant disease as duodenitis, it is worthwhile to start monitoring your health in time. It is extremely important to adhere to a healthy lifestyle and follow all dietary rules. A proper diet and a normalized food intake helps to improve the functioning of the digestive tract and reduce the risk of various pathologies. At the first symptoms, immediately contact a specialist to avoid the formation of a chronic form of duodenitis.

The inflammatory process of the duodenal mucosa leads to the development of a chronic disease - duodenitis. Treatment of duodenitis with folk remedies often helps to eliminate the disease.

Not a single digestive process is complete without the participation of the duodenum, which is anatomically a vessel or cavity with a channel for the drainage of digestive juices and enzymes. This organ is used for the digestion of food absorbed by the microvilli, the subsequent processing and distribution of nutrients throughout the body.

In addition, the duodenum produces up to 30 hormones necessary to maintain normal several important systems at once: endocrine, cardiovascular, digestive and nervous.

The defeat by viruses and bacteria leads to the development of inflammation in the duodenum, decreased functionality, atrophic changes in the walls of the cavity, the appearance of erosive areas. As the development progresses, the inflammatory process begins to go beyond the walls, affecting the muscular membrane and the entire intestine as a whole.

The reasons for the development of duodenitis

The main causes of duodenitis are directly related to nutrition. These include meals on the go, dry food, in large portions, or irregular with long intervals between meals. Duodenitis often develops as a result of the use of semi-finished products, fast food, canned food, coffee, salty, fried and spicy foods in large quantities.

The provoking factors can be:

persistent malnutrition;
alcohol and smoking;
taking hot food, carbonated drinks, spicy foods.

These are the reasons for the development of an initial duodenitis with an acute course.

If measures are not taken to revise the diet and lifestyle in general, the disease becomes secondary and chronic.

Duodenitis symptoms

The disease manifests itself in different ways. The main symptom in the development of an acute inflammatory process in the colon is acute pain in the stomach, attacks of nausea and vomiting. With the transition of the disease to a chronic form, the pain becomes dull, pressing under the stomach, bursting at the top of the abdomen, usually together with heartburn, vomiting after eating.

There is bloating and rumbling, the appearance of bitter belching and constipation. With inflammation of the upper intestines, the symptoms are similar to an ulcer, when the stomach begins to hurt about 0.5 hours after eating.

If pain occurs 2 hours after a meal, then a bowel ulcer can be suspected.

If the stomach hurts on an empty stomach or at night, weakness, headache, irritability and lack of appetite are observed, this indicates the development of a local form of duodenitis.

With chronic duodenitis:

hurts in the right hypochondrium;
the integuments of the skin turn yellow due to a violation of the outflow of bile;
there are hunger pains in the epigastric part of the stomach;
signs of dyspepsia, bowel disorders appear;
digestion is disturbed.

Symptoms and treatment for the development of inflammation in the duodenum are very reminiscent of an ulcer, gastritis, cholecystitis or pancreatitis. This often leads to difficulties in making a definitive diagnosis. A number of diagnostic procedures are carried out: X-ray of the stomach, endoscopy of the esophagus and duodenum, duodenal intubation, examination of intestinal and gastric secretions in case of suspected infection with Helicobacter pylori.

The disease is more common in men, and not many people rush to see a doctor when they have pain in the stomach. Nevertheless, most of the patients are interested in how to treat duodenitis folk ways... It is quite possible, but at the same time adherence to the diet, adjusting the diet, thoroughly chewing food, eating in small portions up to 5 times a day is mandatory.

Treatment with folk remedies

Duodenitis is treated with medicinal herbs sold in pharmacies in the form of tea bags in a wide range. Before starting the appointment, you first need to consult a doctor, undergo an examination.

The following herbs are used:

eucalyptus - suitable for eliminating existing symptoms, stimulating digestion, eliminating pain in the stomach;
cardamom (seeds) - to calm the nerves and stomach;
chamomile flowers - to relieve stomach upsets, improve blood circulation;
cinnamon, ground - to eliminate stomach pains, increase appetite;
fennel (seed) - to reduce pain and nausea;
ginger root - to relax the intestines;
kava-kava root - to improve mood, relieve stomach pain;
lemon mint - for the treatment of duodenitis;
sage (leaves and flowers) - for pain relief, relaxing effect;
valerian root - to improve digestion;
licorice root - to increase appetite;
yarrow - to improve digestion, stimulate the production of gastric juice.

Folk recipes

In the chronic stage of duodenitis, treatment with folk remedies can be carried out with the following compositions:

insist the fruits of fennel and centaury (50 g each), take 1 tbsp. in portions up to 4 times a day;
insist peppermint (40 g), eyebright herb (20 g) and drink 1/3 tbsp. 3-4 times daily before meals;
collection of sage, peppermint, lavender flowers (15 g each), brew with boiling water, insist and drink in portions before meals;
insist peppermint (15 g), chamomile flowers (50 g), fennel fruits (10 g), valerian root (10 g), drink 1 tbsp. for 1 reception, if colic and heaviness in the stomach appear;
insist peppermint (20 g), chamomile flowers (30 g), buckthorn (30 g), anise fruits (10 g), take 1 tbsp.;
insist on vodka for 7 days in a dark place juniper (10 g), chamomile and peppermint (25 g each), take 1/2 tbsp. 2 times during the day and at night.

Doctors advise at home to constantly drink tea from the above herbs, but in conjunction with a diet and established nutrition, to eliminate unpleasant symptoms in chronic duodenitis. Long-term treatment.

Drinking herbal teas daily should be at least 2 months.

As a result, it is possible to achieve healing of ulcers and erosion, reduce the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa, reduce the influence of irritating factors on the duodenum, and relieve the symptoms of inflammation in the epigastric region of the stomach.

To relieve inflammation, eliminate unpleasant symptoms along with a diet healing effect give the following fees:

Licorice, buckthorn root, marshmallow root, shepherd's purse, chamomile, lavender, lemon balm flowers, erect cinquefoil (10 g each), grind, pour boiling water (1 tbsp.), Insist. Then strain and drink 3-4 times a day in portions.
Prepare Potentilla tea (1 tablespoon of dry raw materials, brew 0.5 liters of boiling water), insist and drink 3-4 times a day before meals.
Sea buckthorn oil must be taken for its healing effect. Pour sea buckthorn with sunflower oil, insist in a dark place in a sealed container for 7 days. Then strain, squeeze the resulting cake, rub through a sieve. Take the resulting gruel on an empty stomach in 2 tablespoons. before every meal.
Plantain (dry leaves) boil with boiling water (0.5 l), leave for 30 minutes, strain and drink 0.5 tbsp. before meals 6-7 times a day.
To relieve inflammation and improve the activity of the duodenum, pour oatmeal cold water, insist taken in the form of a liquid porridge for breakfast.
Grind the aloe, squeeze the juice, mix with a decoction of oatmeal, take in the form of jelly, 0.5 cups 3-4 times a day (first intake in the morning on an empty stomach).
You can prepare aloe with May honey on natural grape wine. Squeeze the juice from the aloe, add liquid honey, heated to 60 ° C, mix, keep for up to 7 days in a cool place, shaking occasionally, then strain. Take a course for 3 months.
Propolis tincture. Pour propolis (150 g) with alcohol (100 g), insist for 10 days in the dark, shaking occasionally, take 15-20 drops of propolis with milk added 3 times a day. Flax seeds can be used instead of propolis.
Pour boiling water (0.5 l) calamus root, common tansy, valerian root, leave for 2 hours, take 0.5 cups 3-4 times a day.
Any ready-made product can be stored in the refrigerator for several days.
You can cure duodenitis by taking on an empty stomach. sea \u200b\u200bbuckthorn oil 1 tbsp. 2 times a day and within 2 weeks. Then you need to take a break for 2 weeks and repeat the course of treatment.

Proper nutrition

With duodenitis, the symptoms can be completely different, and only a doctor can establish the correct diagnosis based on the examination, prescribe a full-fledged complex treatment and develop a diet. Energy value the menu must be at least 3000 kcal per day. It is important that the diet is balanced, with a complete rejection of spicy, sour, fried, smoked foods, alcohol and salt restriction (no more than 2 tsp per day). You need to drink at least 1.5 liters of water per day.

You need to cook food exclusively for steam.

To alleviate the condition, eliminate pain in the stomach and other symptoms of inflammation, the diet should be varied. It is recommended to take dried bread, uncooked buns, dry biscuits or biscuits with the exclusion of fresh yeast products, pancakes, pies, muffins from the diet.

To give strength, you can cook any porridge from semolina, rice, buckwheat, rolled oats in the water. Make casseroles and puddings from cereals with the exception of legumes and pasta from the diet.

With duodenitis, a sufficient amount of protein is required to enter the body, so it is imperative to eat soft-boiled eggs, cook omelets, scrambled eggs. Low-fat meats, chicken, veal, rabbit, turkey are recommended to be boiled and taken in pureed form.

Beets, potatoes, carrots, cabbage, broccoli, boiled zucchini are useful in boiled or pureed form. Marinated and salty foods, chocolate, nuts, kvass, coffee, sour juices, alcohol and beer should be excluded from the diet.

Gradually, the diet can be expanded.

The main rule is to prevent exacerbations, to minimize any irritation by products of the gastric mucosa.

The inflamed intestines require recovery, so the treatment is long, the diet must be adhered to constantly. Overeating should not be allowed, eating 2 hours before bedtime, you need to monitor your health, cook steamed food, limit salt intake to 8 g per day, and drink more liquid.

Thanks to diet and constant intake of herbal teas, noticeable relief should come in a couple of weeks.

Duodenitis is an inflammatory process that occurs on the intestinal mucous membranes. The characteristic symptoms of the disease are general malaise, pain in the epigastric region, heartburn, belching, nausea, and vomiting. It takes place in 2 forms - acute and chronic. It is depending on the form of pathology that they determine how to treat duodenitis.

Treatment of acute duodenitis

Therapy for an acute disease should be started as soon as possible. This can be explained by the fact that duodenitis is often accompanied by negative consequences and often turns into a chronic course, which will require a different specific therapy. First of all, a patient with acute duodenitis must begin to adhere to a strict diet. Supplement the treatment with taking special medications.

Food

The main goal of the diet for such a disease is to achieve the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract, reduce the intensity of inflammation in the intestine and its further suppression.

It is important to exclude foods that irritate the mucous membranes from the daily diet. These include pickles, spicy food, marinade, which contain large amounts of purines. It is also recommended to exclude foods rich in preservatives, stabilizers, flavor enhancers - those chemical compounds, which are involved in enhancing gastric secretion.

In addition, limit the consumption of foods containing coarse fiber. The latter is retained for a long time in the gastric environment and negatively affects the development of the disease. Diet food should not include foods that increase gas formation, refractory fats that interfere with the normal absorption of nutrients.

In case of acute duodenitis, the use of the following products is prohibited:

rye and fresh bread, yeast and puff pastry, products from such;
meat, fish, mushroom broth;
rich vegetable soup (this can include borsch, okroshka, pickle, cabbage soup, etc.);
fatty meat, including poultry;
oily fish;
canned fish and meat;
pickles and marinade;
smoked meats;
seasonings and spices;
pasta;
legumes, white cabbage, radish, radish, sorrel;
groats: millet, pearl barley, barley;
sausages;
fast food;
soda, coffee and cocoa;
fermented milk products and ice cream;
alcoholic beverages;
sweets, sugar, chocolate, butter cream cakes;
raw fruit.

Despite such a large list of prohibited products, there are also useful ones for the gastrointestinal tract during the development of duodenitis. These help neutralize the hydrochloric acid that is produced by the stomach. Food is consumed only in a grated form, rolled or boiled to a puree state.

For both acute and chronic duodenitis, it is important to exclude legumes from the diet.

In acute duodenitis, the following products are allowed:

slightly stale bread, dried biscuits, dry biscuit;
vegetable cereal soup, milk and puree soup;
lean meat;
potato, carrot, beetroot garnish, boiled cauliflower;
rice, semolina, buckwheat porridge, pudding;
vermicelli;
steamed protein omelet, soft-boiled eggs;
low-fat milk, condensed milk, cream, yogurt and low-fat kefir;
boiled grated fruits and berries, jelly;
weak tea with milk, fruit juice diluted with water, rosehip decoction;
butter and vegetable oil;
salad made from pre-boiled vegetables.

Be sure to include in the diet foods that contain ascorbic acid (helps to accelerate the regeneration of the intestinal mucosa and strengthen general immunity).

Medications

To relax the smooth muscles of the intestinal walls, reduce the intensity of the pain syndrome, which in most cases accompanies the development of duodenitis, appoint myotropic antispasmodics. The representative of this group is the drug Platyphyllin, which is effective not only for duodenitis, but also for other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Another medicine - No-shpa, aimed at eliminating spasms.

Also, myotropic antispasmodics include such drugs as Papaverine, Duspatalin, Drotaverin. Such drugs are taken before meals or after three times a day. Despite their effectiveness, there are some contraindications for admission, the main of which are asthma and renal failure.

Treatment of the symptoms of duodenitis is carried out with the help of antacids. These have an enveloping and local anesthetic effect, help neutralize hydrochloric acid. Prescribe drugs for pain syndrome caused by duodenitis, as well as in violation of the diet. These include Maalox and Almagel, which are taken after meals three times a day.

If the disease is caused by an infection, which, in turn, develops due to exposure to the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, antibiotics should be used. It can be Tetracycline (four times a day for a week), Clarithromycin (twice a day for a week), Amoxicillin (twice a day for a week), Metronidazole (twice a day for a week).

Medicines-prokinetics are necessary for the treatment of duodenitis, which has a gastritis-like form. These contribute to the regulation of the gastrointestinal tract, the normalization of the process of moving food masses through the intestines. The drugs have antiemetic and local decongestant effects. Representatives of this group - Ganaton, Itomed, which are taken in a daily dosage - 3 tablets, divided into 3 doses.

You can reduce pain with No-shpa tablets

Polyenzyme preparations include pancreatic enzymes in their composition, which are involved in normalizing digestion, assimilating nutrients, and helping to eliminate unpleasant symptoms of the disease. For example, it can be Creon 1000, which is taken in a daily dosage equal to meals (the capsule is consumed with food).

Treatment of chronic duodenitis

Chronic duodenitis requires complex therapy with therapeutic measures in relation to the organs of the digestive tract adjacent to the intestines. In combination with adherence to a special diet and taking medications during an exacerbation, complete rest and bed rest are prescribed.

Food

If a person has been diagnosed with chronic duodenitis, he needs to follow a therapeutic diet, as in a peptic ulcer. The principles of nutrition depend on the stage of the pathology: during an exacerbation, this is table No. 1A and No. 1B, and in remission, it is table No. 1.

Diet # 1A helps to limit any adverse effects on the intestinal mucosa. It is observed from the first day of duodenitis therapy and continues to be adhered to for 5 to 14 days.

The basic principles of diet number 1A:

food should be liquid or mushy;
exclude the consumption of broth, legumes, mushrooms, tough meat, cold and hot dishes;
it is necessary to take food fractionally, that is, in small portions and often (up to 6 times a day);
it is allowed to use slimy soups, twisted beef and chicken, milk, soft-boiled eggs, steam omelet, liquid porridge cooked in water, jelly, weak tea.

As soon as the inflammatory process subsided, they switch from table number 1A to table number 1B. In such a diet there are no sharp restrictions that were provided for in the diet number 1A. Allowed foods include crackers, pureed soups, milk porridge, canned fruits and vegetables. Meat and fish are consumed in the form of mashed potatoes, soufflés, cutlets.

First courses are served only as mashed potatoes

Table number 1 is prescribed in the remission stage of the disease. As well as during an exacerbation, exclude products that irritate the gastrointestinal tract: legumes, grapes, currants, gooseberries, meat, wholemeal bread. The dishes are thicker, but still mushy. Sometimes it is allowed to eat baked fish and meat cooked in pieces.

Medications

Chronic duodenitis is treated in a stationary setting using the following drugs:

antibacterial, with which you can get rid of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (for example, Amoxicillin);
enveloping (for example, sulfate);
enzymatic (eg Creon);
drugs that reduce acidity (for example, Maalox);
drugs that help to reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid (for example, Ranitidine);
antispasmodic (for example, Papaverine, No-shpa).

An individual treatment regimen is established for each patient.

Physiotherapy

Bowel duodenitis can be treated with physiotherapy. It can be paraffin applications, ultra-high-frequency therapy, hydrotherapy using mineral waters. Such physiotherapy techniques are considered the most effective for duodenitis.

If physiotherapy in combination with taking medications does not bring the desired recovery, the person has intestinal obstruction, surgery is prescribed to prevent further complications.

Folk remedies

In combination with the main therapeutic treatment, you can use folk remedies that will enhance its effect and speed up recovery. It can be an infusion of fennel and centaury (100 g of raw materials per 1 l of water), of peppermint (40 g of raw materials for 500 ml of water), of mint, sage, lavender (60 g of collection per 200 ml of water), of juniper and vodka (10 g of raw materials per 200 ml of water). Any of the funds are taken orally three times a day for 2 tsp. Such folk remedies help to normalize the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, accelerate the healing of the intestinal mucosa.

Intestinal duodenitis is one of the most insidious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which can be accompanied by dangerous consequences. That is why you should not overlook the first symptoms of pathology, but you should immediately contact a specialist.