How it's done. We reveal the secrets of the production of workwear. We produce and sell workwear Business for tailoring workwear

Vasily Kuznetsov

Specialist in the selection of workwear

Content:

Special clothing is designed to protect the health and life of an employee from all kinds of negative factors that arise in the work process. The technology of designing and tailoring such clothing is regulated by the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of personal protective equipment."

Particular attention is paid to the selection of fabric. Unlike everyday clothing, overalls are made from denser and more durable types of fabrics that are resistant to stretching, abrasion and tearing. Special treatment with chemicals gives this fabric additional properties: water resistance, fire resistance, resistance to chemicals, oil products and other aggressive environments.

The ideal fabric for workwear, in addition to protective qualities, has excellent hygienic properties. It is pleasant to the touch, does not cause allergic reactions and provides normal air exchange.

Three types of fabrics are used for tailoring workwear: synthetic, natural and mixed.

Synthetic fabrics for workwear

Synthetic fabrics are made from fibers obtained by chemical reactions from petroleum products, cellulose, natural gas, etc. Despite the variety of such fabrics, they all have similar advantages: they weigh little, are easy to wash, dry quickly and retain their original properties and properties for a long time. appearance. The disadvantages include the inability to "breathe", minimal hygroscopicity, the ability to accumulate static electricity. Nevertheless, it is synthetic fabrics that are suitable for the manufacture of the top and lining, if the main purpose of the product is protection from wind and moisture.

Most often, polyester fabric of the brand is used for tailoring workwear. Oxford. It consists of nylon and polyester fibers. A polyurethane coating is applied to the inner surface of the fabric. Using fibers of different thicknesses, a fabric of different density is obtained (from 210 to 600 Den).

As a warming lining for demi-season overalls, as well as the manufacture of thermal underwear, it is often used Fleece. This synthetic knitted fabric is made from polyester and is characterized by excellent heat-shielding and breathable properties.

For sewing raincoats and waterproof suits is used Nylon- woven fabric made of synthetic yarns. With its lightness, it has good water-repellent properties and prevents the penetration of cold air.

One of the high-tech types of synthetics can be called Membrane fabric. It consists of several layers. The top layer is the most durable and resistant to external influences. The bottom is soft and comfortable. Between them are membranes, the special structure of which ensures unhindered and natural removal of water vapor. The fabric is popular among manufacturers of sportswear, as well as clothing for hunting, fishing and tourism.

Natural fabrics for workwear

It is no secret that fabrics made from natural fibers have the highest hygienic properties, therefore they are relevant for overalls that are in direct contact with the body. These are medical gowns, chefs' jackets, masseurs' sets, etc.

Most popular type of fabric natural origin- this Coarse calico. It is made from cotton, so it perfectly absorbs moisture, "breathes" and does not cause allergies. Ideal for summer clothes for confectioners, cooks, bakers and sanitary wear.

natural Twill, made of 100% cotton, differs from coarse calico in the way of weaving threads and in a higher density. It is strong enough and can withstand significant loads.

Cloth is a woolen or semi-woolen fabric, the strength and heat-shielding properties of which are ensured due to the high surface density and the shedding of the fibers.

Tarpaulin or Canvas- a very dense and hardy natural fabric, drops of molten metal and sparks literally roll down from its surface. It is used for tailoring economical suits for welders and metallurgists. Previously, the fabric is subjected to a special refractory treatment.

Blended fabrics for workwear

The ideal combination of the positive characteristics of synthetic and natural fabrics is expressed in blended fabrics, since they include both. There are many varieties of mixed fabrics. They differ from each other in the percentage of synthetics and cotton, density, weave and structure of the threads.

The fabric consisting of cotton and polyester threads is very popular. So, medical and sanitary suits and gowns are most often sewn from fabric "T-C" density 120 g/m 2 . It is 35% cotton and 65% polyester and is water repellent.

By twill weaving cotton (65%) and polyester (35%), a fabric is obtained called sattori. Soft and comfortable, it is also used for sewing medical garments and kits for the service industry.

Almost the same ratio of cotton and polyester (49% x 51%) can be seen in the fabric Greta. The structure of the fabric is such that synthetic threads form the outer surface of the fabric, and the cotton remains on the wrong side. Greta with a density of 210 -321 g / m 2 is used for the manufacture of uniforms for law enforcement agencies, overalls for housing and communal services workers and Agriculture, clothing for hunting and fishing. Depending on the purpose, the fabric can have a special treatment (ASO, VO, MVO, MNVO, K20, K50), or a protective film coating (PlPU, PlPUM, PlZLAM).

What fabric to choose?

The properties and characteristics of overalls depend on what fabric is used for tailoring. Before placing an order, you should make sure that the selected models are made from the “correct” fabric and have the necessary protective properties.

The Fabrikant company is a large Ivanovo manufacturer of special-purpose clothing. An important advantage of our products is that with a high, competitive level of quality, we offer low wholesale prices for Ivanovo workwear. This optimal combination became possible due to the fact that:

• The Fabrikant company is an experienced manufacturer and importer of fabrics for workwear, which minimizes the cost of production without losing its quality.
• The quality of products is constantly monitored throughout the entire production process, meets all the necessary requirements and standards.
• The company has high production capacities and spacious warehouse space, thanks to which you can buy overalls from the manufacturer from Ivanovo in bulk.
• Today, the Fabrikant company sells workwear not only in Ivanovo, but also through the official online store, which helps save money and time.

Another important advantage of cooperation with us is the possibility of choosing the necessary model from the widest range, as well as ordering workwear according to the individual requirements of the client.

Wholesale production of workwear for a wide range of purposes

The modern wholesale production of workwear in Ivanovo, extensive experience, excellent knowledge of technologies and customer needs allowed us to select the optimal range of workwear that meets international requirements. In the Fabrikant company, you can wholesale the following types of Ivanovo workwear:

• Working clothes
• Winter and summer overalls
• medical clothing
• Waterproof overalls
• Hand PPE
• Aprons and sleeves
• Hats
• Home textiles

Overalls produced by "Fabrikant" are of decent quality and stylish look, variety of models and materials, a wide range of sizes and low wholesale prices. The assortment also includes mattresses and waterproof mattress covers, oilcloth cuts and much more.

Overalls wholesale - buy in Ivanovo and in the online store

Ivanovo is not only a wholesale production of workwear. In addition to sewing workshops, Fabrikant has a spacious warehouse with convenient access roads and parking. You can come here in order to buy wholesale workwear in Ivanovo with profit and comfort. Your drivers, if necessary, can spend the night on our territory. For entrepreneurs trading companies, large industrial enterprises, small plants and factories, it is profitable and reliable to purchase overalls from the manufacturer in bulk. You get low wholesale prices and a quality guarantee, an individual approach and competent assistance in the selection of workwear that meets your needs. It is possible to buy overalls in bulk from the catalog or by individual order. For our out-of-town wholesale customers, the official online store of workwear from the Fabrikant manufacturer works around the clock, which will help you purchase the right products without coming to Ivanovo.

"Fabrikant" is high-quality and inexpensive overalls from the manufacturer, which you can buy in Ivanovo and through the online store.

Overalls for employees. - it's not only distinctive features specific to a certain profession, but also safety and hygiene. The use of uniforms is very common in different industries, so the workwear business is a profitable business.

Before opening a workwear business, study the provisions, they will help you set up production.

Varieties of workwear

The purpose of the working form determines its appearance, the necessary properties, the choice of raw materials, the method of production. Familiarize yourself with the main types of workwear and determine the one that suits your business.

Medical- clothes for medical staff. Includes:

• bathrobes;
• suits;
• hats;
• bandages.

Protective– Designed for welders, builders, industrial workers, and other professions working in hazardous environments. Includes:

• suits:
• overalls;
• sleeves.

Complete with protective accessories:

• respirators;
• gloves
• glasses;
• signal vests;
• half masks;
• helmets.

Corporate– is purchased by organizations for all staff. The main requirement is an aesthetic appearance, corresponding to this specialty. Widespread in areas such as:

• hotel and restaurant business;
• transport service;
• trade;
• entertainment organizations;
• various enterprises.

Protective from high temperatures– overalls of fire services, rescuers, oil industry workers. It features increased fire resistance, includes special shoes and gloves.

For work at height– characterized by strong equipment, ease of use, which allows you to work with maximum safety. The equipment includes:

• belts;
• slings;
• carbines;
• claws;
• leashes;
• other special items.

Materials and equipment

Depending on the type of workwear, different materials are used. Medical clothing requires highly hygienic, antistatic fabric that can withstand washing with disinfectants and does not let blood through. These criteria are met:

• cotton- natural, light, but strongly wrinkled;
• mixture cotton and polyester- more modern fabric, light, less wrinkled.

The protective form is made from:

• twill- a special type of weaving contributes to strength, wear resistance, is produced from yarn of different composition;
• moleskin– cotton material, protects from dust, convective heat;
• tarpaulin- a dense fabric based on hemp, linen, semi-linen yarn, impregnated with special compounds that provide water-repellent and fire-resistant properties;
• coarse calico- ecological, highly hygienic, suitable for workers' underwear;
• ripstop- strong, durable, weaving using an army thread, used in the production of firefighters' clothing;
• cloth- a very dense, knocked down fabric made from wool or cotton;
• kondura– abrasion-resistant nylon material, impregnated with water-repellent agents, coated with polyurethane; disadvantages - high weight and high cost.

Corporate overalls are aimed at appearance, convenience, compliance with the idea of ​​a corporation, therefore, a variety of fabrics are used in the production.

- a promising business with a quick payback, does not require large investments and complex skills. Profitability - 30%.

- an actual business, with the proper approach, the monthly income will be 200,000 - 300,000 rubles.

Sewing business involves tailoring clothes and household accessories. Business in the clothing industry is sure to bring profit, subject to creativity. You can open a designer clothes salon, a soft toy factory, or a workwear shop. The possibilities are only limited by the imagination.

When opening a sewing enterprise, determine the direction of production:

• clothing - household, special, everyday, children's, adult;
• fabric toys;
• home textiles;
• other accessories.

Plan production volumes - starting investments in the business, the size of the premises and the number of staff will depend on the chosen figure.

Industrial workshop for mass tailoring

Having chosen the direction of work, register a commercial structure - LLC or IP. The list of documents for registration is presented in the table.

Table: lists of documents for registration of LLC and IP

Applications are considered up to five working days. Based on the results, you will be invited to the local tax office and issued a package of documents legal entity or an entrepreneur. After registration, open a bank account and order a company seal.

Today, hundreds of enterprises sew special-purpose clothing for various industries. At the same time, there is not so much reliable information about the process of its production and the technologies used. We reveal all the secrets of production together with the largest domestic company of this profile — SOOO "Stetskevich-Overalls".

The creation of any workwear begins with an analysis of the market and the needs of a potential buyer. Then a sketch is created, it is “born” in the head of a marketer or designer, sometimes taking into account the requirements of a particular client. In any case, the initial sketch turns into patterns that are sent to the experimental workshop of the enterprise - here the first sample of the future pilot batch of overalls is sewn.

When the prototype is ready, it goes to the artistic and technical council for approval. Here the model is approved or rejected, or changes are made to the sketch. After the model receives final approval, the process of making patterns for the production of a pilot batch begins.

At the first stage, the technologist-designer, using a special graphic editor, makes patterns, including gradations of all sizes. At the same time, a technical sketch of the model is created, which displays all its elements: pockets, cuffs, buttons, stitches, buttons, a layer of insulation, etc.

Next, the spreader comes into play. He takes the patterns created by the designer and makes them a working layout. The layout process is remotely reminiscent of the game "Tetris": on a rectangular piece of fabric with given dimensions, it is necessary to accommodate the maximum number of elements of future overalls so that as little waste as possible remains. A layout using a usable area of ​​less than 75% is considered inefficient and is not put into operation; only those where this indicator reaches 85-90% are accepted (i.e., only 10-15% of the fabric from each specific piece goes to waste). The work of the layer is very important: if there are many large parts in the model (for example, “halfs” of the vest), the specialist must find a match among dozens of other models and fill the free areas of the fabric with smaller elements, say, collars or cuffs. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the direction of weaving of the fabric and the “boundary” space between the elements - the gap necessary for the normal operation of the cutting knife. In the case of using an auto-cutting complex, the layout is performed by a computer.

When the layout is fully formed, it is sent to print, where a high-precision plotter prints all the details on a wide paper roll in full size (1: 1 ratio). The layout can also be transferred to in electronic format on the auto-cutting complex (more on this later).

The layout printed on paper for hand-cutting is sent to the factory, where patterns are cut out of it, with which they then work on the fabric - they are applied, outlined with chalk and manually cut out with a special automatic knife. As a rule, manual layouts are used to work with a flap or when cutting small batches of clothing. In most cases, automatic cutting is used. Before submitting the fabric to the auto-cutting complex, it is necessary to check its quality.

For this purpose, a measuring and sorting machine manufactured by Sirkon is used. The first function of the machine is to measure the fabric. A coil is placed on the shafts; when winding, an automatic sensor records its length, the width is measured manually. The actual length of the roll of fabric sometimes does not correspond to the one declared by the manufacturer, so measurement is extremely important. The width is no less important: if it is different, this complicates the work of the auto-cutting complex, the fabric flooring has to be done according to the smallest width, respectively, the largest width falls into the flap or goes to waste. As a rule, cheap Chinese-made fabrics are distinguished by unstable width, but they are rarely used here, preferring high-quality products of domestic production (the same Mogotex OJSC), Russian or foreign.

The second component of the machine is a translucent stand. During the measurement, the fabric passes through it and the specialist visually determines the presence of a marriage. If there are any holes or defects in weaving, the run of the fabric is stopped and a mark is made in the margins with chalk. In the future, when using this roll of fabric in the layout, the defect site is either bypassed or cut out. Thus, thanks to the measuring and sorting complex, the fabric undergoes double quality control: at the fabric production - the first time, and the second - before cutting.

After rejection and measurement, the prepared fabric is lifted to the production site and fed to the automatic cutting and spreading complex. He does the same as the cutters (lays the fabric in layers and cuts out details from it), only several times faster and more accurately.

First of all, a certain number of fabric cuts of a given length is loaded into the flooring complex. After that, the mechanism automatically lays it in even layers. It moves around the stand like a carriage, while laying the fabric more precisely and faster than a person. After the fabric is laid, the stand is blown from below with air, an air cushion is created, which reduces the friction of the fabric on the table and facilitates its transportation to the cutting part of the complex.

A cutting map is loaded into the computer memory of the cutting part of the complex, which contains the exact coordinates of all the blanks that the knife will cut.

A paper layout printed on a plotter is placed on a fabric laid in several layers before cutting - for visual control by the operator of the accuracy of the knife. Then all this is covered with a film and compacted with a vacuum, which is created thanks to the built-in compressor.

The lower part of the stand is a breathable canvas made of brushes with small fibers, through which the air is taken by the compressor. In addition, the fibers allow the blade of the knife to freely penetrate the fabric without resting against the “bottom” of the stand when cutting.

After the flooring is fixed and compacted, a head with a knife, equipped with a separate clamping device, passes along the contour specified by the program. Before an incision is made, the area of ​​tissue along which the head is walking is additionally pressed. Thanks to the combination of vacuum and clamping device, the fabric is completely immobile during cutting, it does not slide on the stand, which eliminates the possibility of marriage.

The advantages of such equipment over manual labor are obvious: higher cutting accuracy, increased labor productivity (3-4 times higher compared to manual cutting) and gap-free (fabric area is used as efficiently as possible).

Finished cut parts are removed from the stand and put into boxes to be sent to the garment factory. Accompanying documents are also placed here: a technical sketch, a specification of the cut details for the model and a table of measurements of the finished product - what parameters it should correspond to (sleeve length, waist width, shoulder, etc.). The cut pieces of fabric are laid with paper, on which the encoding is indicated. This is done in order to make it easier to unpack them out of the box and compare the availability and quantity of all the details of the future product with the specification.

In the process of cutting the fabric, flaps may remain. Let's say, if a 10-meter roll was filled into the complex, and according to the layout, 7 meters were needed, a cut 3 meters long remains. It is no longer suitable for the subsequent 7-meter filling, so it is defined as a flap and stored on a rack for further processing. Basically, the patches come to the factory in a hand cut.

An important tool in the production of insulated clothing models is a quilting machine. With its help, so-called quilted packages are formed, in which the lining, spunbond and insulation are sewn together. Synthetic winterizer, fibertek and thinsulate are used as the main heaters. Spunbond is used as an additional wind protection, it also prevents the migration of insulation fibers through the outer layer to the surface of the clothing.

Previously, all these operations had to be carried out separately: insulation, lining, spunbond were cut. Then all this had to be folded, stitched, and only then the details of the clothes were sewn together. The use of a quilting machine has significantly increased labor productivity, with the exception of a number of operations.

The principle of operation of the device is simple. First, rolls of stitched materials are “loaded” into it. Synthetic threads in bobbins are installed on a special stand - they will be used for the top of the future seam. On the reverse side of the machine, small metal cocoons are placed in special holders, inside each of which there are spindle-shaped coils. This is the basis of the bottom of the future seam. During the operation of the device, the upper and lower threads are intertwined in the quilted fabric and a line is formed.

The output is a roll of stitched multilayer material, which can be immediately cut and sewn into pieces of the cut into the finished product.

Quilted bags vary in thickness and composition. The "recipe" of the layers is compiled by the technologist and varies depending on the tasks and the area of ​​application of the overalls.

Rolls of quilted bags turn out to be quite voluminous, especially if many layers are formed. For ease of transportation to garment factories, bags are packed under vacuum - their volume is reduced by half.

There is a category of special clothing, whose tasks include complete isolation of the wearer from moisture. The fabrics that are used in the production of such clothes are of the membrane type, they allow air to pass through, but do not let moisture in. Finished products are equipped with plastic buttons, zippers and buttons to prevent rusting. The result is fully waterproof suits that keep workers dry even in the heaviest of downpours.

But if there are no problems with the choice of material for such clothing, then the places where clothing parts are attached to each other need additional waterproofing. There are two types of sealed seams: with gluing the place of flashing with heat shrink tape and fully welded seams.

The seam gluing machine works according to the following principle: first, seams are sewn on a sewing machine, then a tape is laid on top, which heats up and “sticks” to the fabric. Thus, the holes are completely isolated from the needle, water cannot enter them. After gluing the seams, the finished product becomes completely waterproof, and the air passes without problems, allowing the human skin to breathe.

The second way to create sealed seams is to fasten clothing parts with high frequency current. Such seams are made on the appropriate equipment located in Chechersk.

In order to reduce transport costs, the material for waterproofing clothing is delivered directly here. The process of creating future clothes begins traditionally: a pattern cutter cuts blanks from the material. Cutting is carried out on a 6-meter stand, manually, using an electric cutting knife.

The cut blanks are delivered to HDTV (high frequency current) machines manufactured in Poland, where they are soldered in the places specified by the clothing model. The operator places the material, "aims", presses the pedal - the protective shield is lowered. Then, inside the chamber, a current passes through the contact electrode, soldering the details of the clothing. Machines allow you to adjust the frequency and current strength for a specific material so that high-quality soldering occurs, and the material itself does not burn through. In the same way, the attachment points of pockets and locks are soldered.

All of the above actions are only the first part of the process of creating clothes. Both the formed quilted bags and the finished cut details go further - to the sewing industry. In Rogachev, Borisov, Novogrudok and Lepel, there are sewing factories of JLLC Stetskevich-Spetsodezhda, equipped with a modern ETON transport system. These automated production lines from Sweden help to optimize technological process tailoring "from" and "to".

First, clothing details go through the preparation section - pockets, cuffs, collars are prepared. Almost all of these processes are automated. For example, a separate machine is responsible for the production of loops. A fabric blank is inserted into it, the pedal is pressed - the foot is lowered and the buttonhole is being sewn (at the same time, its right and left sides are sewn immediately). After that, bartacks are made here (strengthen the seams in places of greatest tension in the fabric), and the entrance to the loop is cut with a special knife.

Nearby, buttons are sewn on a button semi-automatic device. The algorithm of actions is similar: a button is tucked into a special holder, the pedal is pressed - one side of the button is sewn, then the other side is sewn in the same way, after which the threads are automatically cut.

After the preparatory section, all clothing parts are sent to the conveyor. The entire technological sequence of tailoring the product is set by the technologist, this program is entered into the computer, where each operation has its own time in seconds. Types of operations, in turn, are distributed by "stations" - jobs of seamstresses. One sews the cuffs to the sleeves, the other sews the sleeves to the top, etc. Thus, the process of sewing any sample of overalls becomes clearly regulated both in operations and in time.

At the beginning of the technological chain of the transport system, the master hangs the prepared parts on special hangers with clothespins. On each hanger, he forms a strictly defined set of parts for stitching - in accordance with the operations that this or that “station” performs. The master hangs one set - and he leaves for the “station”, while he is being processed there, the master hangs the second set, etc.

The hangers travel along the conveyor to the place determined by the program, where the seamstress removes them, sews them and sends them to the next station... In this way, the continuity of tailoring is achieved.

From 700 to 1000 parts are simultaneously “spinning” in the flow, and the average output from the conveyor is 500-700 suits per shift. All operations are evenly distributed between seamstresses. If one of them does not keep up (spends a little more time on the operation), hangers with details begin to accumulate around it. The technologist-operator sees this on the computer and immediately redirects the accumulated hangers to the “station” / seamstress who copes faster. This eliminates downtime, all seamstresses are loaded evenly. net savings time along the flow reaches 30%.

In addition, the use of the ETON system allows you to avoid unnecessary movement of workers: they are in one place and do not waste time transferring parts from the harvesting area to the workplace. In the end, by minimizing movements on the line, the optimal number of workers always works, there are simply no extra people here.

If at the “start” of the automated line the details of future clothes are hung, then at the “finish” a fully finished product comes off, which is loaded onto a trolley and taken to the packaging area. There, the clothes pass the final quality control, they are labeled, folded and sent to the warehouse of finished products.

As a result, the widest range of overalls for every taste and color, for every need and need, gets on the shelves of stores. Clothing, all elements of which are made of materials High Quality and stitched using the most modern equipment. Clothes that are nice to wear at work, whether you work as a pediatrician, a lumberjack or a construction worker. Clothes that protect you.