Rules for wiring pipes of the water supply system. Tee and collector piping in the apartment - installation diagrams. A special tool is used for the installation of pipes

The layout of water supply pipes in modern houses and apartments is considered in detail, an open and closed method of installing pipes is described. Requirements for the pipeline are presented, the application of the collector and its types are considered.

Renovation of a bathroom in a private house, apartment or cottage begins with installing pipes and connecting plumbing. Plumbing water supply and sewerage pipes is a very important and responsible task for every home owner. The interaction of various plumbing elements and devices form the water supply and sewerage system of a house or apartment. (See also: How to connect the boiler correctly)

For the installation of the pipeline, the exact dimensions and parameters of all plumbing fixtures are required. This is necessary in order to prevent errors with the exit of the mounting angles when installing the sink, bathtub and toilet. After the location of all devices has been determined, one should proceed to the process of striking the walls, during which it should be borne in mind that the striking must be carried out at a sufficient depth so that the pipes can easily fit in it. Example: with a pipe diameter of 20 mm, the required pipe diameter is 25 mm. It is worth noting that the collector wiring provides for a wider line.

Figure 1: Layout of water pipes

The distribution of water supply pipes can be done both in an open and in a closed way. Each of the methods has both pros and some cons. Both installation schemes are reliable, but given the nuances and features of maintenance and operation, they are different. Reliable performance of communications is ensured by the strength of modern pipes and fittings. Externally mounted pipes can be neatly hidden, while leaving access to them (if necessary) without unnecessary destruction.

Hidden method of installing water supply pipes

The advantage of this type of installation is that it looks more aesthetically pleasing. But when the need for repairs arises, opening the walls will be inevitable. The coating will be destroyed with the subsequent repair of the walls, regardless of whether it is tiles or other finishing materials. It is quite convenient to install sensors responsible for leaks, since information about possible problems will arrive on time. (See also: Open Water Supply System)

Figure 2: Concealed pipe installation

Open way of installing water pipes

This method is more unpretentious from the side of maintenance. All additional connections are done quickly enough. If it is necessary to rearrange the plumbing fixtures in the bathroom or redevelop the premises, you should use the external method of installing water supply pipes. In addition, this type of installation makes it clear in a timely manner about the occurrence of a leak, which will contribute to its urgent elimination.

Figure 3: Open pipe installation

Difficulties in choosing pipes

Polypropylene pipes, as well as metal-plastic pipes are the most common at the present time. All of them are distinguished by their external design and operational reliability. The advantage of metal plastic pipes is that they can be laid in the most inaccessible places, since they are light enough. The layout of polypropylene water supply pipes has its advantages: they are even and look quite restrained and aesthetically pleasing when laid in an open way. But, given the already existing infrastructure of the premises, polypropylene pipes cannot be used in hard-to-reach places.

In difficult places, entry into the existing water supply system can be carried out using metal-plastic pipes, while it is almost impossible to do this with polypropylene pipes due to the oversized equipment that is used during their installation. The distribution of water supply pipes made of polypropylene is more expensive than from metal-plastic, since the labor costs for the installation of polypropylene pipes are much higher. (See also: Apartment water supply)

Figure 4: Polypropylene pipes

Advice! It is easier to connect new branches to the reinforced-plastic pipe.

Collectors

IN recent times collectors began to be used en masse, which distribute water from the main pipeline to plumbing fixtures (shower cubicles, faucets, to the toilet). This type of device is available with four, three and two outputs. If there are more than four consumer points, then collectors are used, while the required number of drainage systems are intertwined.

Figure 5: Collector

The collector is easy to use for minor repairs in the kitchen or in the bathroom, when you only need to disconnect one plumbing fixture from the system. In addition, it reduces stress on main joints and pipes during water distribution. Also, when using a collector, there is no need to install additional tees that distribute the movement of the water flow in the system.

Important! Collectors are installed on cold and hot water pipes only after pressure reducers and filters for water purification are connected. (See also: How to make a water heater yourself)

Differences in pipe routing from different materials

As a rule, the switchgear is made of chrome-plated brass of a sufficiently high quality: Italian, German or Czech manufacturers. The distribution of water supply pipes in the apartment using a metal-plastic pipeline and the distribution of galvanized (steel) pipes differ not only in the quality of the material used, but also in better cross-country ability, resistance to corrosion, and durability in operation.

Figure 6: Layout of water pipes in an apartment

The advantage of collector mounting is the ability to disconnect each consumer separately, while obtaining a much lower pressure drop. In practice, this can be traced when the pressure of hot water in the shower drops sharply, as a consequence of the fact that a washing machine or other plumbing fixture has turned on.

Pipeline requirements

There are several basic requirements for a pipeline:

1. Pipes should be made of a material that does not corrode;
2. The durability of the pipeline must be high;
3. The pipes should not have threaded connections that are hidden in the wall.

Features of pipe installation

Installation of pipes should be carried out following the sequence of actions. In order to replace old metal pipes with new plastic analogs, when wiring, you must first turn off the water supply. Then you should start the process of dismantling old pipes, and using special fittings of appropriate sizes, install new plastic pipes, and then connect the necessary plumbing fixtures.

Figure 7: Piping diagram

It is also possible to lay out water supply pipes with your own hands, but as practice shows, the plumbing services of the master are much cheaper than the process of correcting their mistakes. Pay attention to useful tips for those who began to do everything with their own hands:

• the pipe that enters the apartment must be of a larger diameter than the one inside the apartment;
• using filters will help keep faucets free of debris and rust in the water;
• shut-off valves should be used by renowned manufacturers;
• do not save on pipes;
• it is necessary to check the water pressure and, if necessary, increase the pressure.

For concealed installation, pipes and fittings of a certain type are used. Today, the collector type of pipe installation is becoming more and more common. This installation provides for the process of individual laying of water pipes made of polypropylene or metal-plastic. Such a system is relevant for large apartments, where there are more than two bathrooms and one riser, as well as in cases where there are many consumers at the same time.

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There are two types of tubular collectors and parallel ones.

Before you start drawing up the layout of the pipeline and the position of the water distribution points, you must determine what equipment is intended for installation:

Kitchen - mixer for cold and hot water, dishwasher, boiler, gas boiler, gas columns

Bathroom - shower, bath, washbasin, bidet, toilet, washing machine, water heater.

Even if at the moment there is no money, for example, a shower stall, it is better to think about the conclusions for its connection in advance.

Consistent water distribution.

Serial wiring is also called tee cables. mounted with one line, and wiring from the common pipe to the plumbing fixtures is done with boots and corners.

The downside of this wiring is that you cannot block individual connections and the chances are that the total water pressure will decrease if several plumbing devices are in operation.

The pros are easy and quick installation, and not much of the component cost versus manifold wiring.



Consistent distribution of water pipes

(red shows hot water distribution, blue is cold).



Installation of polypropylene pipes and installation of seaweed.

Distribution of pipelines for distribution to collectors

Most often, such wiring is installed where it is planned to hide pipes for plaster or decorative plates, pipes underground or punch it in a concrete screed.

The advantage of collector wiring is that each consumer (plumbing device) is a separate line separating it from the regular collector.

Water distribution in the home - comparison of tee and collector schemes

With this separation, you can lock one point at any time without damaging other devices. With this separation, there is a constant distribution of water, so that the pressure (head) is equal at all points.

The only drawback of such a system is the price, which includes a large number of pipes and fittings and collectors (distributor ridges) with isolation valves.



Water supply - bicycle.



Collection of hot and cold water with shut-off valves,water filters, pipes with copper tube.

Choice of material for fit

The choice of materials depends on how the installation is installed, how the pipes will be laid - covered or hidden, ease of installation, for example.

ability of the work itself. Price is also an important factor.

Many sources still indicate that the plumbing could be made of metal, but it's worth saying that this was yesterday.

And there are many good durable materials on the market for plumbing, which are easy to install, durable, reliable, harmless, i.e. ideal for drinking water supply and have a very pleasant appearance.

Below is a table with the comparative characteristics of pipes used in the installation of water supply.

Installation of water pipes

Although there are two different connection schemes, in practice, a series scheme is used or combined in series mode.

The most simple materials in connection with the installation of plumbing are polypropylene, metal plastics, pipes of alternating polyethylene and copper.

Open plumbing - pipes move along the walls.

Polypropylene pipes are most often used with an open installation.

Concealed plumbing installation - pipes are laid in solid and hidden plaster, in a concrete screed, in the subway.

The water pipeline starts from the point of entry, for example, a water supply source - a pumping station, an accumulator, a pressure tank, a central water supply.

The entire supply pipe must be at least one inch in diameter in order to have the least pressure loss.

A water filter and shut-off valve are optional.

Then the pipeline is installed in accordance with the selected scheme, for example. pipes in the bathroom, kitchen, laundry. If the installation of the hose starts in the basement and the boiler is installed in the same place, a separate socket for the boiler is produced.

In the case of installing a series, if it is not planned to hide it with decorative plates and a channel, it is recommended that the tubes be placed above the plate from 15 to 30 cm.

Thus, the pipes will be barely visible, while in rooms hidden by sanitary equipment.

When laying walls and ceilings, pipes must be protected from damage.

For this purpose, a body or a special cuff is placed in the hole.

The pipes are fixed with special clamps, plastic and metal clamps.

Installation with polypropylene pipes

It will be necessary - nozzle soldering device; pipe cutter; calibrator; equipment - plugs, couplings, knees, transitions, locks; Clamps corresponding to the pipe diameter (necessary for fastening pipes along the walls); pipes with a diameter of 1 inch and ¾.

It is best to use pipe ¾ to supply water to sanitary equipment in a private home.

This is due to the fact that the marking of polypropylene pipes is the outer diameter. For example, if the tube is 1 inch, this does not mean that the inside diameter will be the outside diameter, so the inside passage will be significantly narrower due to the wall thickness.

The expansion joint is not needed for the plumbing system.

Installation is performed in series. The pipes are easy to cut and solder. The cutting section of the pipe must be calibrated and cleaned with the inner blades using a knife.

After soldering, it is necessary to form a kind of shoulder.

For couplings made of polypropylene with pipes made of other materials and for installing algae, a combined equipment with a metal thread is used.



Polypropylene pipes and fittings.



Installation with metal plastic pipes

Such pipes are made both in open and closed installations.

When it is open, you can use the hardware (do not pour) and the clamp (compact).

When you hide, just press accessories.

This is due to the fact that the clamping elements gradually expand, and the key must be twisted with the key.

For installation you need - pipes 1 inch and 3¾; accessories - corners, couplings, adapters, shoes, transitions; pipe cutter; calibrator; press presses (you can hire them); wrench for fastening fittings.

Metal plastic pipes are sold in long spools, so it is advisable to use only one pipe when laying pipes under screed or under plaster.



Installing Threaded Connectors.



Pipes and fittings for fastening.

Installation of copper pipes

It is necessary - pipes ¾ and ½ cm (copper pipes have thin walls); gas-burner; Wire for metal and metal brushes for disposal; flux paste; soldering; equipment - adapters, angles, transitions, shoes, couplings, seaweed.

Installation of soldered joints.

The end of the pipe and inside the mount is immersed in a thin layer of flow

The unit is installed on the hose until it stops

The connection heats up until the tube color changes

In the solder core, measure a length equal to the diameter of the pipe and make an incision.

When the joint heats up, the solder is drawn into the groove between the tube and the nozzle, cutting it above the notch.

Not everyone can handle food on their own.

To connect copper pipes, special pressing elements are also used, which are glued together using a special tool.

Pipes and fittings.

Attaching the press.

Brazing copper pipes.

An open pipe is not used for open pipe laying, for hidden pipes - annealed (easily bent).

Installation with alternating polyethylene pipes

These pipes are simple and easy to install, but it will be necessary - a special test tool for the installation of alternating polyethylene pipes that can be found; pipe cutter; calibrator; brass or PPSU (polyphenylsulfone) fittings - plugs, couplings, adapters, squares; pipes with a diameter of 3/4.

Install links.

The hose is mounted on a sliding sleeve

With the help of a pressure tool, the sleeve is stretched to the pipe connection - the connection as a whole is very strong.

Such connections can be inserted under the screed or plaster.

When choosing pipes made of alternating polyethylene, you should pay attention to their marking, i.e.

suitability for drinking water supply.

Pipes and fittings.

And one more very important point that must be noted after the water supply system is ready, the choice and purchase of material is quality!

There is no need to store and buy cheap pipes and accessories of dubious quality.

The water supply system must be reliable, durable, durable and sealed. And this applies not only to a sealed gasket, but also to an open installation.

Materials must be purchased from specialized stores that provide a warranty for the goods and provide a quality certificate for all products.

02/09/2013 at 21:02

Typical wiring diagram for a bathroom in an apartment

The performance of the equipment connected to the water supply system depends on the correct installation.

It is important to choose the right water supply scheme for the apartment, which will ensure timely water supply from the central water supply to all points of analysis.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure sufficient water pressure for the correct operation of all plumbing equipment and household appliances.

At the moment, there are two main wiring schemes for the water supply system. One of them is called series or tee, the second is collector.

In this article, we will consider the structure and principle of operation of these engineering structures.

Collector circuit - features and device

Collector wiring diagram

Recently, there has been an increase in the use of plumbing fixtures in various apartments.

It is necessary to ensure their normal functioning, therefore, more and more often, they choose a collector wiring diagram for water supply systems.

At the same time, the installation of water supply in an apartment according to this scheme is considered the most difficult and expensive.

However, such a scheme initially excludes pressure drops at individual points of water consumption. As a result, there are no problems with using plumbing fixtures for their intended purpose at the same time.

Why is this happening? An individual pipe is laid to each point of water consumption, if desired, you can shut it off and carry out maintenance or repair of a specific connected device.

The collector water supply circuit consists of the following components:

Cold water stand (SHV);
2. The crane used to overlap SHV;
3. Pressure reducers and filters SHV.
4. Distributor-collector SHV.
5. Shut-off valve used to cut off the cold water supply to the water heater.
6.

Water heating component.
7. Shut-off valve for stopping hot water supply to the water heater;
8. Hot water stand (DHW).
9. Main valve SGV.
10. Pressure reducers and SGV filters.
11. Distributor-collector SGV.
12.

Shut-off valves that cut off the hot water supply to the towel dryer in the bathroom;
13. All kinds of plumbing fixtures.

From the above, you can easily make an idea about the basic principle of the collector wiring device of the water supply system.

In it, each individual water consumer is connected directly to the collectors of cold water risers and valves through a separate pipe.

At the same time, such pipes do not have branches and any other connections throughout their entire section, and this reduces the likelihood of leaks to zero.

This system has two connections available for repair and maintenance: a pipe - a collector and a pipe - a water consumer.

Collector system advantages

Among the advantages are the following:

• Concealed installation of pipes generally improves the appearance in the apartment;
• A small number of connections ensures reliability;
• Taking into account the features of a separate plumbing fixture when protecting it - installing filters and reducers, which ensure timely uninterrupted supply of the required volume of water and the level of pressure in the risers necessary for normal operation;
• Complete shutdown or regulation of a separate device using a valve installed at the outlet from the manifold to the supply pipe;
• Easy to repair and maintain.

In addition, sometimes it makes sense to install purifiers and filters.

We suggest you familiarize yourself with the installation diagram:

Integrated water purification for home

Serial (tee) circuit - features and device

Serial wiring diagram

Made according to the tee scheme, the water supply system in the apartment is the simplest, cheapest and most unpretentious option for carrying out engineering communications.

In the houses of the old housing stock, you most often find it.

However, today's builders often do not forget about it today.

The installation of main pipelines in accordance with the tee wiring diagram, through which both hot and cold water supply to the apartment is carried out, is carried out in a parallel way.

In this case, with the help of tees, any plumbing fixture is connected to the pipes.

That is why this scheme is called tee.

The provided scheme assumes the presence for several water consumers of a common part of the highways, from which there are multiple branches connected using tees.

The main pipe acts as an elongated manifold. It, in comparison with others that depart from it and go directly to each plumbing fixture, must have a larger diameter.

By the way: Serial - ideal for distributing water in an ordinary apartment with one bathroom and a small number of installed plumbing fixtures.

Advantages and disadvantages of a sequential circuit

The advantages of being consistent include:

• Saving pipes;
• Low material costs associated with laying;
• Ease of installation and simplicity of the project.

However, it also has many disadvantages:

• The difficulty of finding places for leaks, because there are many branches, moreover, they are scattered throughout the entire system;
• In the case of a large number of plumbing fixtures, a decrease in pressure at points of consumption and a drop in total pressure are possible;
• The inability to selectively turn off the water supply to a separate device, for this you need to shut off the entire riser at the inlet;
• It is impossible to provide a convenient and quick approach to all pipes and connections, because they are mostly hidden in the wall or under the floor;
• In the event of an impulse to eliminate the accident, it will be necessary to disrupt the decoration of the room, which means that there are additional costs for subsequent repairs.

Remember: If the piping in the apartment is carried out by professionals who pay attention to the quality of the materials used, who comply with the procedure and technology for carrying out plumbing work, then the probability of accidents and leaks is minimal.

In a serial wiring that is professionally installed, the likelihood of pressure drops is excluded.

We also suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video in which the author tells in all details about the distribution of water in the apartment and gives useful tips.

When developing a water supply project for an apartment, you first need to determine according to what scheme the pipes will be laid.

The decision should be made taking into account the most optimal operating conditions for plumbing equipment at this facility.

The device of engineering communications should be calculated and designed by specialists.

It is important here to carry out the installation correctly, which must be carried out in accordance with the developed technical documentation and the corresponding construction technologies.

Compliance with all requirements, norms and rules when laying engineering systems will ensure reliable operation of both individual plumbing fixtures and the entire water supply system as a whole.

Metal pipes
Plastic pipes for water supply
Polyethylene pipes
Polypropylene pipes
Reinforced-plastic pipes - which is better
Diameter of pipes for water supply in the apartment
The nuances of installing a water supply

The choice of pipes for a water supply system is a very important issue that must be addressed when arranging a system in an apartment or a private house. There are a lot of requirements for pipes: they must be durable, reliable, affordable and easy to install.

Metal and plastic pipes meet these requirements. Both options differ in a fairly wide assortment, so the choice of the optimal material suitable for a particular situation is quite possible. This article will discuss which pipes are best for plumbing in an apartment.

Metal pipes

One of the main disadvantages of metal pipes is their excessive weight, which causes the difficulties that arise during the transportation and installation of products. Installation of pipes is carried out using one-piece (welding or soldering) and detachable threaded connections. The use of a detachable connection simplifies further repair of the system due to the ease of replacing damaged parts of the structure.

It is extremely unprofitable to use ordinary steel pipes in the water supply system - this material has practically no resistance to corrosion, so the pipeline begins to rust.

In addition to the fact that because of this, the system will begin to collapse at an accelerated rate, the water in the tap will also have a characteristic color and taste of rust.

When transporting water, steel pipes begin to leak quickly enough and lose their tightness, so they have to be changed.

Another negative factor associated with rust is deposits on the inner surface of the pipeline, due to which its throughput decreases.

So it turns out that with high mechanical strength and heat resistance, it is undesirable to use steel pipes for arranging a water supply system.

A completely different matter is galvanized pipes for water supply. The cost of such pipes is an order of magnitude higher than the cost of steel products, but it is clearly justified.

The most important advantage of galvanized steel is corrosion resistance, which eliminates most of the disadvantages associated with this factor. However, a large weight is inherent in this type of pipes, so their installation cannot be called simple.

The best option for metal pipes for plumbing are copper products.

They are distinguished by a very high cost and a considerable number of advantages. The service life of copper pipes is quite high, as is safety (however, there is a nuance associated with the appearance of copper oxides, but this phenomenon is not found in every case). Also, this material is inherent in the complexity of installation traditional for metal pipes - brazing of copper pipes cannot be attributed to simple processes.

Plastic pipes for water supply

The modern alternative to metal products is plastic pipes, which have many advantages and benefits over their more traditional steel counterparts.

In particular, polymer products are lightweight, which simplifies transportation and installation, and are characterized by good performance characteristics and low cost.

There are two main types of plastic pipes used in plumbing:

• Polyethylene;
• Polypropylene.

It is worth considering both types in more detail.

Polyethylene pipes

One of the materials used for the manufacture of plastic pipes is cross-linked polyethylene, which, due to a special production technology, has increased strength characteristics without loss of flexibility and elasticity.

There are also low pressure HDPE pipes, but they are not very suitable for use in an apartment.

Cross-linked polyethylene pipes are an excellent material for arranging cold and hot water supply in an apartment.

This material can work at a temperature of the transported medium up to +95 degrees, which is quite enough for a water supply system. Read also: "Which pipes are better for a water supply system - we make the right choice."

In addition, this value is not the limit - the destruction of polyethylene pipes begins only if the water temperature exceeds +110 degrees.

An important quality of polyethylene pipes is their plasticity. The water supply system assembled from such pipes does not collapse even during freezing, which is especially important for private houses. In apartments, however, flexibility is more relevant, which allows you to give the pipeline the necessary shape.

Layout of water supply pipes in the apartment - what are the schemes?

Polypropylene pipes

If the budget allocated for construction is not too large, then polypropylene pipes will be a good option for arranging a water supply system. They are cheaper than other polymer products, and even surpass them in some places in terms of their characteristics: the operating temperature of polypropylene is +95 degrees, and the pressure is up to 20 atmospheres.

In addition, it is worth noting the service life, which on average is about 50 years.

Disadvantage polypropylene products is the lack of plasticity, therefore, installation of the pipeline at an angle is possible only with the help of appropriate fittings. Permanent connections of such pipes are carried out using a special soldering iron.

In any case, before purchasing, you need to carefully figure out which propylene pipes are best for water supply, and prepare the equipment necessary for installation.

Reinforced-plastic pipes - which is better

A rather modern and interesting material used for laying water lines is metal-plastic pipes, which combine the main advantages of metal and plastic products.

High performance is provided by the multilayer structure of the material, which includes a polymer and a reinforcing layer of aluminum foil. See also: "Reinforced plastic or polypropylene pipes - which is better, the advantages and disadvantages of materials."

Heat resistance of metal-plastic pipes varies depending on the technology of their production. Pipes marked in blue are suitable for transporting water whose temperature does not exceed 30 degrees, and white pipes are designed for use in hot water systems.

The main disadvantage of metal-plastic products is the difference in thermal expansion of different layers of the pipe. When operating in conditions of temperature extremes, such pipes can deform, therefore they require stability.

This factor must be taken into account when choosing water pipes for hot water supply. See also: "Advantages of metal-plastic pipes for water supply and installation rules."

Compression fittings of various types are used for the installation of a metal-plastic pipeline.

Ferrule ferrule fittings should only be made open to provide access to the area for regular tightening of the fitting.

The diameter of the pipes for the water supply in the apartment

The choice of pipes for water supply in an apartment is not limited to the choice of material for their manufacture - you also need to choose the right diameter of the products. The correct choice of the pipe diameter will allow you to create a reliable and functional system (for more details: "How to choose a pipe diameter for a water supply system, depending on the length of the system and its characteristics").

Of course, an increase in the diameter of the pipes also entails an increase in the cost of the system, while a pipeline that is too narrow will not have sufficient throughput.

It would be best to find a "golden mean" and select pipes of the optimal diameter for a specific situation.

It is necessary to calculate the diameter of the plumbing in the apartment taking into account the initial pressure and the degree of its decrease along the entire length of the system.

A conventional pressure gauge is suitable for measuring inlet pressure, but even if it is not available, approximate values \u200b\u200bcan be obtained. For example, if the pressure in apartments three floors higher is normal, then the inlet pressure is at least two atmospheres.

The pressure change in the pipeline is influenced by:

1. Number of different connections and fittings.
2. The total length of the system.
3. The presence and number of turns.

The pressure in the pipeline cannot be lower than 0.6 atmospheres, and the head, taking into account the normal delivery to the distant point of the system, must have a double reserve.

If, taking these factors into account, install 12 mm plastic pipes, then the only result will be a guaranteed decrease in the performance of the system.

Pipes with a diameter of 16 mm are much better suited - they will be enough for the normal operation of the water supply without loss of characteristics. To accurately calculate metal or sintered pipes for water supply, special formulas are used, but they are quite complex, so they are used only by specialists in this industry.

The piping in the apartment may well be carried out according to the standard scheme:

1. The most commonly used risers are pipes with a diameter of 1 or ¾ inch (25 and 20 mm).
2. Direct piping is carried out using ½ or 3/8 inches (15 and 10 mm).

When choosing the diameter of water pipes for an apartment, the following points should be considered:

• The inner diameter of polypropylene pipes is not directly related to the outer diameter (a half-inch pipe can have a clearance of 11 to 13 mm);
• The dimensions indicated in inches do not reflect the throughput of the pipes, which is especially important when arranging a pipeline that includes both metal and plastic elements;
• Before installing polypropylene pipes, you need to study the technology of their welding, for which you will need appropriate instructions.

The nuances of installing a water supply system

Knowing what the water pipes are made of, you can get an idea about the installation features of each material:

1. Plastic pipes are much more convenient and profitable.

   For them, there is a considerable number of fittings, so the choice is quite extensive. Tightening the threaded connections in this case does not require serious effort, which greatly simplifies the work. The one-piece method of connecting pipes will ensure the tightness of the structure with minimal labor costs for installation.

2. To mount a pipeline from metal parts, you need special equipment: steel pipes are connected by welding, and for copper products, soldering kits are needed.

   If the connection is threaded, then it is imperative to use seals.

Conclusion

For water supply systems, you can use a variety of pipes, the choice of which directly depends on the operating conditions of the system and its features. There are metal and plastic pipes, the characteristics of which make it possible to assemble any pipeline. When the question of which pipe is needed for the water supply system is closed, it remains only to choose the optimal pipe diameter for a particular situation.

We do the installation of a water supply system in a private house on our own

The water supply system is necessary to create normal living conditions. Therefore, when building a house, even at the design stage, they provide for the installation of water supply and sewerage.

If, for some reason, there is no running water in a private house, you can do it yourself without resorting to the expensive services of professional specialists. Today, you can easily purchase all the necessary components for the water supply system.

If there is a centralized water supply in the village where you live, then connecting your house to it will not be difficult.

But if there is no central water supply, then you will have to find another source of water. The source of water supply can be a well, a well, a river or a spring.

Water supply in the country

Water supply scheme for a private house

A typical water supply scheme for a private house includes the following elements:

1. Water intake source (well or well).
2. A pumping station, to which a pipe is laid underground from a water source.

   The pipeline must have a check valve that prevents water from returning back.

3. A hydraulic accumulator or a container into which water will be pumped.
4. On the outlet pipe from the accumulator, there must be a tee provided with a shut-off valve.

   Here the pipeline forks and one pipe supplies water for household needs, from the other pipe the water is taken for technical needs (watering the garden, washing a car, etc.).

5. Domestic piping must be connected to a water treatment and purification system. Water from a well or well needs to be cleaned from harmful impurities that are contained in underground sources
6. After the water treatment system, a tee is installed, which sends part of the water to the cold water supply system, and the other part to the hot water system
7. The cold water pipe is connected to a cold water manifold.

   On each line, which is intended for a specific consumer, shut-off valves are installed

8. The hot water pipe is connected to the water heater.
9. After the water heater, the pipe is connected to a manifold, from which pipes diverge throughout the house.

The water supply system may have other elements, but the general scheme, as well as the connection sequence, do not change.

Water supply scheme in the country

Pumping station: installation, functions and components

A private house is connected to the water supply using a pumping station, which pumps water into the system from a source (well, well).

The pumping station should be located in a house, basement or any heated utility room in order to prevent it from freezing and to be able to use the plumbing in winter.

The pumping station will provide uninterrupted water supply for a family of several people.

The cost of the pumping station today is about three hundred US dollars. And in order to fully equip a water supply system in a private house, taking into account the cost of both the pumping station and other necessary equipment, including treatment facilities, you will have to spend $ 500-800.

Pumping station

An electrical connection is required to operate the pumping station.

Manufacturers attach diagrams to pumping stations, which show how to organize a water supply system in a private house from start to finish.

For example, if water is taken from a nearby well, then the outlet pipe must be laid below the level of soil freezing.

The entrance of the pipe into the well should be securely secured with silicone and covered with bitumen mastic. It is better to install the pumping station itself in the basement or on the basement floor, since its operation is accompanied by noise.

In cheap pumping stations, the noise level is higher. When buying this device, you should pay attention to its technical characteristics and buy units with only low noise levels.

A pipe is laid to the pumping station from the water source, which ends with a brass fitting with an adapter for a diameter of 32 mm.

A tee equipped with a drain valve is connected to the fitting to turn off the water supply in case of repair.

Then a check valve is connected, which prevents the water from returning back. To turn the pipe (if necessary) towards the station, a 90 ° angle is used.

Pumping station device

After that, all the elements are connected using the "American" connection in the following sequence:

• The ball valve is connected to turn on or off the water supply.
• A coarse mesh filter is installed.
• The finished pumping station must have a damper tank or a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch.

  If you immerse the pump in a water intake (well, well), and all other equipment is placed in the house, then the pressure switch must be connected on top of the pipe, and a hydraulic accumulator or a damper tank must be installed from below.

• The function of the sensor is to protect the pump from dry running.
• The fine filter is connected to the remaining connection.
• Next, a fitting is installed with a transition to a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm.

Before starting further work, you need to check the operation of the pump.

Why do you need a hydraulic accumulator and water treatment devices

The accumulator is a sealed tank with two sections.

One section is for water, and the other is for pressurized air. This unit provides a stable pressure in the water supply system and can, when necessary, turn on or off the pump.

Let's consider an example. If the accumulator is filled with water, the pressure in the water supply is 3 bar. With a flow of water, the pressure in the accumulator drops, then the relay is activated and the pump turns on.

The unit is filled with water again and the pressure returns to 3 bar.

(The volume of the tank can be selected from 25 liters to 500 liters, depending on the needs of consumers.)

But the accumulator does not have to be installed in the water supply system; you can use a storage tank for the same purposes. You need to install the storage tank on the top floor of the house or in the attic. Then the water creates pressure in the system with its own weight when it flows to consumers.

Water treatment system

After the accumulator, the water enters the water treatment system, where it goes through several stages of cleaning and is freed from various harmful impurities.

Filtering devices, water treatment units and other devices should be located from the accumulator at a distance of one meter.

The water obtained from the source must be checked in the laboratory, where the presence of soluble salts and various impurities in it will be determined.

Depending on the results obtained, you can choose filter systems and water treatment devices, iron removers, etc.

The cleaning system is of great importance when organizing a water supply system in a private house.

Since the water that is pumped out of a well or from a well does not meet sanitary requirements. It may contain impurities that preclude the use of such water not only for drinking, but even for washing or washing hands.

The purification system efficiently purifies the water and at the same time preserves in it all the microelements useful for the human body.

How collectors and boilers are installed

After the filtration system, the water is divided into two streams in the system.

One pipe leads to a cold water collector, and the other transports the water to the water heater.

The collector distributes water to all consumers in the house.

In front of the collector and on each pipe that leaves the collector and transports water to the consumer, stop valves and a drain valve are installed.

The pipe that supplies water to the water heater must be provided safety valve, and also there should be an expansion tank, and under the boiler - a ball drain valve.

The ball valve is also installed at the outlet of the water heater. The pipe that removes water from the water heater is connected to the collector, where it is distributed throughout the house. In principle, this is where the installation of the water supply ends. But we still need to highlight the issue of choosing a material for a water supply system in a private house and about laying pipes inside the house.

Selection of pipes for water supply

If you do not have experience in installing a water supply system, but want to make a water supply system with your own hands, then you should choose pipes for your system that will not only have high performance characteristics, but will also be easy to install.

Since you are not professional plumbers, it is better to choose a material for the pipeline that you can work with without complicated equipment and without professional skills.

For some time, metal-plastic pipes were very popular. They were used almost everywhere for the installation of plumbing in a private house, since they have a number of positive properties.

1. Do not rust.
2. Deposits do not accumulate on the inner surface.
3. Long service life (35 years)
4. They are not afraid of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

But along with the indisputable advantages, metal-plastic pipes also have significant disadvantages.

1. High cost of additional elements (fittings)
2. Be afraid of freezing water and deform at temperatures above 95 degrees.
3. Loose connections, when the pressure changes, the rubber O-rings on the fittings can leak water.
4. Do not bend pipes with fittings.

Polypropylene is now a more reliable material for pipelines.

Polypropylene plumbing is cheaper than reinforced plastic piping.

Polypropylene pipes have a longer service life (up to 50 years in a system with cold water and 25 years in systems with hot water supply), they do not lend themselves to oxidation, they are easy to install, their connections are strong and reliable, which allows hidden pipe routing.

When choosing PP pipes for hot water supply, it is better to give preference to reinforced products that can withstand high temperatures well.

Polypropylene pipes can be reinforced with aluminum, fiberglass or other material.

How to choose the right pipe diameter for internal water supply

For plumbing, it is very important to choose the correct pipe diameter.

If you buy pipes with a very small diameter, this will lead to turbulence in the flow, that is, the water in the system will move with noise and leave lime deposits on the inner walls. The speed of water advance should be no more than two meters per second, taking this into account, it is necessary to select the diameter of the pipes.

The diameter of the pipes depends on the length of the water supply:

• For a pipeline with a length of 10 to 30 m, pipes with a diameter of 25 mm are required, and less than 10 m - with a diameter of 20 mm.
• For a long pipeline over 30 m in length, it is better to take pipes with a diameter of 32 mm.

In order for the water supply system to work effectively in a private house, it is necessary to correctly select the diameter of the collector pipe, since it must provide several consumers with water at the same time.

For this, we will make simple calculations.

One tap passes 5 - 6 liters of water per minute. With this in mind, you need to calculate the number of consumers in the house that can be turned on at the same time.

• The 25 mm (1 inch) pipe can pass 30 liters of water per minute;
• pipe 32 mm (1.25 inches) - 50 liters;
• pipe 38 mm (1.5 inches) - 75 liters.

If several people live in the house, they can simultaneously use the bathroom, toilet, sink in the kitchen.

It is necessary to summarize the water consumption of these devices, and then we can easily determine the diameter of the collector pipe. To do this, we calculate the amount of water that is consumed at all points of water intake, and reduce it by 25%. So we will find the approximate water consumption, and already based on the obtained value, we determine what diameter of the collector pipe we need.

Connection of polypropylene pipes by welding

Let's consider how polypropylene pipes are interconnected.

Plumbing in the bathroom. Methods of laying communications and types of components used

Take pipes for cold water with a diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 2.8 mm. For a hot water system, we will use reinforced pipes with a diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 3.2 mm.

The technology of welding PP pipes is not a complicated process.

But here, most importantly, you need to know the basic rules and be extremely careful. For work, we need special scissors for cutting PP pipes and a welding machine.

All our further actions should take place in the following sequence:

1. Armed with scissors for cutting pipes, we cut the PP pipes into pieces of the size we need.

   The scissors blade should be kept strictly perpendicular.

2. We mark the welding depth on the pipe segments with a pipe marker, in order to determine this value, it is necessary to insert the pipe into the fitting, but not to the stop (there should be a distance to the protrusion of about 1 - 2 mm)
3. The welding place must be cleaned of dirt and dust with wet alcohol wipes.
4. We select nozzles of the required size and install them on the welding machine.
5. We turn on the welding machine, setting the welding temperature to 260 ° C.

   The readiness of the tool for work can be determined by the indicator. When the weld heats up, the lights go out.

6. The elements of the pipeline, which we will connect, push on the nozzles to the drawn mark.

   The main thing is not to turn the pipes and not to make twisting movements.

7. Once the pipes and fittings are installed on the nozzles, count down 7 seconds and remove. In this action, you will need an assistant who will hold the welding machine.
8. We connect the elements of the pipeline to each other without making rotational movements, and hold for several seconds.

As a result, you should have an even and strictly perpendicular connection.

If the result of your work is unsatisfactory, you will have to cut off the section with the connection and repeat everything from the very beginning.

Plumbing in a private house

Once the pipes are connected, you can start laying the piping inside the house. It is better to start working, starting from water consumers. We connect the pipe with the consumer device with an adapter with a threaded connection. A ball valve must be installed between the hose and the adapter, with which, if necessary, you can turn off the water.

After that, we lay the pipe towards the collector.

In this case, several rules must be observed:

• It is advisable not to run pipes through walls and other building structures. If there are no other options, then when laying the pipeline, a special glass must be made in the wall through which the pipe will pass to another room. This is necessary so that the building structure does not create additional stress on the pipe.
• To facilitate repairs, it is better to place the pipes from the wall at a distance of 25 mm
• When installing drain taps in the water supply system, make a slight slope of the pipeline towards the tap.
• When the pipe bypasses the outer corner, it should be positioned at a distance of 15 mm, and when bypassing the inner corner, the pipeline should be placed at a distance of 30 mm.
• The pipe is attached to the walls with special clips.

  It is necessary to fix the pipeline in corner joints, and on straight sections the clips should be placed at a distance of 1.5 m.

• When installing a polypropylene pipeline in corner joints, polypropylene fittings with the same or transitional diameters are used.
• It must be remembered that the less we make corners and turns in the pipeline, the less pressure we lose.

When the pipes are connected to the manifold, shut-off valves are installed.

to disconnect the consumer from the water supply if necessary or for the purpose of repair.

The layout of water supply pipes in an apartment is a problem that has to be solved during a major overhaul. Sooner or later the time comes when the water supply system becomes unusable. There can be many reasons for repairing and replacing a water supply system, we will list the main ones - the formation of fistulas, condensation on pipes, the appearance of rusty water from the tap, etc.

Is it possible to replace the water supply system in an apartment or private house on your own? After all, the work of plumbers is not cheap. And in this question, the answer is yes - yes, this is possible.

At the same time, special permits and registrations are not required for work. All that is needed is to shut off the water supply to the riser for an hour.

All work on the installation of the water supply system will have to be carried out in strict sequence, otherwise the constructed structure will not work trouble-free.

Selection of pipe assortment

The arrangement of the water supply network begins with the selection of pipe-rolling materials. Recently, domestic steel lines have not been installed often. This material has already lost its popularity.

His place was taken cheaper and more practical structures made of plastic and metal-plastic. You can also use copper water supply systems, but their too high cost in this option becomes the reason for the rejection of this material.

• Copper... Despite numerous positive properties, this highway is not devoid of some disadvantages. The first is the harmful copper oxide that forms upon contact with an aqueous medium. Second, tin is used in the composition of the solder during soldering. This material turns into powder over time, which leads to joint leakage.
• Metal-plastic... This material does not belong to the line of cheap materials, but it can be connected without the use of special tools. The laying of such a pipeline is permitted in an open area, where at any time you can quickly sort out the joint.
• Plastic... These systems are referred to as the plumbing standard. But plastic is different. And in order to make the right choice, you need to know the properties and characteristics of these materials. For example, a material such as polybutylene (PB) is distinguished by its optimal thermal conductivity. Joints made of this type of plastic are absolutely reliable.

Polyethylene (PE) not expensive material, but for hot water supply (DHW) you will have to install reinforced products. With significant drawbacks, this material has a very significant advantage of not bursting after freezing. Therefore, such a line successfully works indoors without heating or outdoors. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is chemically resistant, but fragile and degrades when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

Polypropylene piping for arranging water supply in an apartment will not be very expensive. Such a water supply main is currently used more often than others. This material stands out for its strength and durability.

The brazed polypropylene joint on the wiring reliably withstands pressure loads up to 12 atmospheres, and is not much different from the base material. The city pipeline can be up to 6 atm, so this assortment is ideal for polypropylene wiring in an apartment. The routing of pipes for wiring water supply in an apartment, where polypropylene is used, is distinguished by a higher hydraulic resistance than previous analogues, and increased thermal resistance.

When describing the characteristics of polypropylene wiring, it is necessary to remember their shortcomings. Polypropylene has only two of them. First, polypropylene cannot be glued, and when welding, you need to use special equipment, and precisely follow the entire technology of plumbing work. Second, polypropylene has a significant coefficient of thermal expansion, which must be taken into account when performing installation.

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The routing of water supply pipes in an apartment where polypropylene is used is recommended by masters as the only system at this time that, after correct installation does not require constant care. It is also necessary to add to the above that polypropylene is soldered at a lower temperature than other types of plastic.

Choosing a method for distributing water in an apartment

The wiring of the water main can be performed by the tee method (it is considered to be the classic options). Or it can be produced by a modern collector method.

The first method is a sequential conduction of the line from the common riser to the parsing points. First, the main branches with different water are diverted, and then, through the tee, the water moves along the branches.

The classical scheme has the following advantages.

• Low price.
• Compact dimensions.
• Simple gasket.

And her shortcomings are as follows.

• Constant pressure drops.
• The impossibility of overlapping one consumption point.
• Tees are not always convenient to place in a bathroom or toilet.
• For a small apartment, such a layout is acceptable, but in a large country house it will cause a lot of inconvenience.

Collector wiring for water supply in an apartment or a private house is a method in which an individual pipe is brought out to each point of the fence. With a collector structure in the apartment, a sink, toilet, shower stall and all other plumbing fixtures supply water in the required amount independently of one another.

All pipes lead to a collector, which is located at the entrance of the main line to the housing. The manifold design is a system with one input and multiple outputs. When connecting to it, not only the number of valves is taken into account, but also the number of all plumbing fixtures.

ADVICE. The connection of the collector structure to the housing can be made after connecting the filtering mechanisms for water purification and pressure reducers.

Collector wiring of water supply pipes in an apartment has numerous advantages:

• The first is the ability to turn off water at one of the points, without damaging other water intake points.
• The control valves for this system are located in one area, and there is always free access to them.
• Constant stability.
• Breakdown risks are minimized. And if you need to carry out repairs, then it can be done easily and quickly.
• All intake points have the same water temperature level.
• If necessary, you can quickly connect a new valve or plumbing. To do this, you first need to install a collector structure with several emergency exits.

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Perhaps the only drawback in this case is the need for a large amount of building materials. After all, a "couple" of pipes in such a situation is indispensable. Accordingly, such a scheme will require tangible financial costs. In addition, this design will require a lot of space.

Water supply wiring diagram

The layout of the water supply pipes is most necessary for the owner of the apartment. A detailed plan helps to accurately navigate the location of the various elements of the highway. No special permits are required to draw up a detailed plan. Only when the meter is registered, the employees of the city water utility can ask for this scheme.

It is a serious job to create a complete scheme according to all standards, even for a professional craftsman. Because such a scheme for a country house with a summer kitchen is necessary for project approval. For an apartment, it is enough to draw a diagram where everything will be simple and clear. Such a plan should include:

• Water supply pipes.
• Accounting mechanisms.
• Drains and valves for emergency.
• Shut-off valves.
• Draw-off points.
• Branches for cutting use.
• Direction of water movement.

Collector and any other wiring of water supply pipes should be carried out according to a scheme that will be understandable not only to the owner of the apartment. Therefore, for the drawing of the collector and other schemes, there are certain rules and regulations. They recommend:

• do not use isometric views, otherwise pipe intersections will confuse the entire manifold or tee circuit.
• Do not overuse arrows - pointers, so as not to confuse the plan.
• Shut-off valves and metering devices should be indicated according to the rules and clearly.
• The diameter and type of rolled pipes must be specified.

As a result, it turns out that the collector or tee circuit should be drawn up according to strictly defined standards and should be no frills.

How to calculate the diameter of the pipe assortment

The diameter of the distribution of water pipes should be calculated correctly. And such a calculation is needed for a reason. After all, the smaller the diameter of the pipe, the less it costs. And on the reverse side, an excessively small diameter of the pipeline causes turbulization of the liquid. At the same time, the throughput function of the line decreases, and at a normal pressure level from the tap, water will flow very weakly.

For a pipeline in an apartment, you can correctly calculate the diameter yourself. The initial parameters are as follows:

1. The smallest pressure is 0.3 atm.
2. For 1 meter of a pipe product for 16 mm, pressure losses can be 0.05 atm.
3. Pressure loss per one fitting connection is possible by 0.15 atm.
4. At the point of water intake, losses are 0.25 atm.
5. The headroom for the most distant point can be at least two times.

Now, it is necessary to find out whether the sequential distribution of water pipes in the apartment will be supplied with the necessary pressure at the most distant point. Will there be enough for a consistent design of the running assortment, or will it be necessary to purchase larger pipes.

The pressure level at the bottom of the risers is determined using a manometer, then 0.6 atm is taken away for each floor. But in multi-storey buildings, such a calculation is not acceptable. In order not to increase the cost of the structure in housing, risers are separately removed from the structure. First, this is done on the lower, and then on the upper and middle floors.

Horizontal wiring of water supply pipes is characterized by a nonlinear dependence of heat loss in the pipeline. Such losses depend on the flow rate, which in turn depends on the section of the pipe structure.

A slightly increased diameter of the assortment significantly reduces heat loss. For these reasons, a simple design in an apartment of 20 mm, having 16 mm bends, functions properly.

What tools and materials will be needed when working

To work on the assembly of the line, you will need a standard set of tools. These are: a welding machine, tape measure, devices for cutting and bending pipes. Before purchasing materials, you need to carefully approach the calculation of the footage.

Also, before installing it yourself, you will have to dismantle the old pipeline. This replacement is done using traditional methods. In an apartment, it is better to do this after turning off the water measuring device, so as not to turn off the water supply to other floors for a long time.

Another tip that comes in handy in this situation is not to take a valve with a lever. It is made of plastic, which tends to break at the most inopportune moment. It is better to use a ball device with a butterfly-shaped handle to shut off the water supply.

DIY wiring installation

So, it's time to build the system. Directly. This is absolutely not a complicated process that even a novice master can handle. If you adhere to the technology of this work, then in the end you can get a structure that will function reliably and for a long time.

Just as attentively should be taken to the chipping and arrangement of channels in the screed. They should not extend no further than 150 mm from the wall and no less than 20 cm to the furniture. All plumbing must be removed and removed from the premises before starting work.

At the initial stage of actions, arcs are installed. These are plastic slats with mixer corners. They are fixed to the main wall with self-tapping screws. When performing this fastening, the dimensions of the finish should be taken into account. It can be plaster, tile or any other decoration.

If the home craftsman does not have significant skills, then it is difficult to accurately position the output blanks flush. It is recommended to preliminarily perform them with a protrusion at a distance equal to half the width of the bead caps on the mixer. If these caps are not adjustable, then it is not recommended to "fit" them with an emery wheel.

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The next stage is the connection of sections of the highway. It is more convenient to collect the water supply on the table, and the broach into the recesses in one piece. But now the question naturally arises, how to stretch the structure through the walls?

In the case of metal-plastic, this is not a problem, such a line is carried out on detachable fitting parts. And brazed pipe products are carried out using adapters and metal-plastic inserts. The second more reliable way is to install the network on site. Only for such actions will you have to purchase a compact welding machine.

It is also necessary remember that for cold and hot water, individual units for metering devices will be needed. At the same time, it is recommended that the counters and valve knobs stand out in color.

The readings on metering devices must be viewed conveniently. For this reason, this area of \u200b\u200bthe highway is often performed in a very fancy form. ... This seal should be kept, without it the device is considered unusable.

After installing the meter, you should call the inspector from the water utility. He records the data on the device, and seals the meter and the filter drain with his own seal.

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It is best to use a pipe cutter to cut pipes. By working on this tool, you can not only save time, but also better prepare pipe-rolling materials for brazing.

Also, special attention should be paid to bending pipe assortment. When working with metal-plastic products, it must be remembered that the minimum acceptable level bend is equal to five external volumes of the tubular product.

And at the final stage, the boiler is installed. These actions were included in a separate cycle of installation work. This work is done after the pipeline is put into operation. The pipes for the boiler are prepared in advance. Valves are placed near both nozzles, and at this stage they are immediately closed and additionally muffled.

The distribution of water supply pipes is not a super difficult job, and it is quite possible to create such a system with your own hands. Only, it is necessary to take into account that this work will not tolerate a careless and careless attitude.

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When building a new house or carrying out repair work, it becomes necessary to design the distribution of water supply pipes.

When performing the entire complex of operations, it is necessary to take into account many factors: the wiring diagram, the pipe material, the installation of control devices, the planned changes made during the work. A program to replace steel pipes with plastic pipes is being carried out in the residential sector during the overhaul of buildings.

Planning

The entire range of planned works should be carried out in stages, observing the order of work.

List and sequence of work:

1. We select the material of pipes that will be mounted indoors.
2. We draw up a pipe layout in the premises, taking into account the layout of hot and cold water supply.
3. We calculate the diameter of new pipes, taking into account the wiring.
4. We select the necessary tool for the work.
5. We purchase pipes, connecting elements and other materials that will be needed for repairs.
6. We carry out preliminary installation of all nodes and pipelines for the distribution of water supply.
7. We remove plumbing fixtures and old pipes.
8. We install the HMS and aquastop (according to the connection diagram).
9. We mount the flask filter.
10. We carry out work on the installation of the pipeline.
11. We mount and connect plumbing fixtures.
12. We carry out a trial run of water into the system and eliminate possible defects.
13. We carry out the installation of the boiler (if necessary).

Water quality devices

HMS for water purification To normalize the quality of drinking water in apartments and individual residential buildings, special devices are installed to improve the quality of water.

IN this group devices include:

• special hydromagnetic device (HMS);
• universal flask filter;
• pressure stabilizer - aquastop.

HMS is a special hydromagnetic device that converts foreign small impurities contained in water - a suspension deposited on a filter, which is cleaned on certain days. The installation of the HMS requires the use of a control water flow meter, which has protection against magnetization.

Together with HMS, a flask filter is used, made in a single housing, divided into three parts: sections: for the accumulation of impurities, a section for removing chlorine-containing substances and the third chamber, where the final purification of tap water is carried out with an increase in the "softness" index.

Aquastop is a device used for emergency shutdown of the water supply in the event of a pressure drop in the water supply system.

Selection of material

In the construction or renovation of buildings, metal (cast iron) water pipes are used less and less.

Preference is given to innovative, superior performance materials that provide more high quality water and long-term use of the plumbing system.

Specialized companies offer pipes made of materials:

• copper;
• metal-plastic;
• artificial components.

The use of copper pipes, first of all, requires large financial costs associated with the high cost of the product.

Many experts point to two factors that negatively affect water quality:

• when interacting over a certain period of copper with water, copper oxide is formed, which is a poison;
• the negative effect of the solder used in brazing copper pipes on the state of water, white tin during the long-term operation of the pipeline gradually turns into another state - gray tin, which is a gray fine-grained powder that gets into drinking water and deteriorates its quality.

Pipes made of metal-plastic are widespread, which are assembled using special connecting elements equipped with threads or by crimping fittings.

Pipes have plasticity; they can be bent depending on the direction of the water supply. The loss of water pressure in the network and hydrodynamic resistance are negligible values.

For the installation of pipes, a special tool is used:

• crimping pliers;
• pipe cutter;
• set of reamers corresponding to the diameter of the pipes used.

Installation of pipes should be carried out taking into account the provision of open access to the pipeline for possible repair work.

Plastic pipes are manufactured using:

• polyethylene (PE);
• polybutylene (PB);
• polypropylene (PP);
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

For the installation of a pipeline using polyethylene when installing HMS, it is necessary to modify polyethylene pipes with reinforcement, which allows pumping water with a temperature above 60 ° C.

Polyethylene pipes cannot be arbitrarily bent and glued, and their connection is carried out during the soldering process with the formation of a strong seam, which allows you to withstand the impact on the rupture of the water supply network at a pressure of up to 3.5 atm.

In the city water supply network, water pressure drops occur, reaching 4.5 atm when hot water is supplied, and 6 atm for cold water. Polyethylene pipes with a low value of hydraulic resistance do not collapse when exposed to negative temperatures.

To prevent the occurrence of a destructive water pressure in the system, an aquastop must be installed, which, if necessary, blocks the water supply.

Polybutylene pipes are able to maintain their characteristics up to 90 ° C.

To connect the ends of the pipes, brazing is used, which forms a strong seam that can withstand the high pressure of water in the network.

This type of pipes is used for the installation of "warm floors".

Pipes made of polypropylene have high tensile strength, can be soldered together and withstand temperature regime up to 130 ° С, water pressure up to 12 atm. For connection, fittings are used, followed by soldering at 250 ° C using a special soldering iron.

Polyvinyl chloride pipes are also widely used for pipelines for internal wiring, mainly for cold water, since they can withstand temperatures up to 80 ° C.

The pipes are connected by gluing, and the pipeline has limited strength and is installed in conjunction with the aquastop.

Layout scheme

Indoors use 2 types of pipe routing:

• consistent;
• parallel.

The series connection is carried out at one point with a branch from the main pipe, using tees for the branches of the pipeline. This is the most economical system, but with the simultaneous connection of several consumers, a sharp decrease in the water pressure in the network is possible.

Parallel piping scheme To maintain the standard pressure in the pipeline, it is possible to connect using a parallel, more efficient and capacious scheme from a manifold manifold, which is a series of valves that regulate the flow to individual branches. Usually for the manufacture of "combs" use metal-plastic or polyethylene.

The wiring diagram is drawn up taking into account all changes made during the work, and must contain accurate information about the pipeline. During the construction of a residential building, the water pipe distribution scheme is included in the general design of the building.

The diagram displays:

Calculation of the section of the pipeline

To maintain a constant water pressure in the water supply system, a calculation is made of the diameter of the pipes to be installed, at which the water supply would be observed without noticeable drops.

Initial data are used for calculations:

• value of water pressure (minimum) in the system - 0.3 atm;
• pressure loss for 1 run. m of pipe (propylene) d \u003d 16 mm - 0.05 atm .;
• pressure loss indicators in the connecting unit - 0.15 atm;
• decrease in water pressure when water passes through the control device - 0.25 atm;
• the pressure reserve that must be maintained in the system is 2 times.

All work is carried out taking into account the norms and regulations in accordance with SNiP 2.04.61-85.

Installation of metering devices

To account for the consumption of hot and cold water, control devices for recording water consumption are used, which consist of:

• housing;
• special shut-off valve;
• pre-filter;
• control counter;
• safety check valve.

When installing the device, the correct connection must be observed. The control devices are delivered to the implementation sealed, and after mandatory installation are subject to mandatory registration with the call of the water utility inspector.

The installation of the pipeline must be carried out in compliance with the technology of work, which allows the system to be operated for a long period without accidents.

Watch the video in which the specialist explains in detail how to correctly lay out the water supply pipes in a house or apartment:

The question of replacing and adjusting the water supply system in a home often arises before people who decide to repair. The reason may be redevelopment of the bathroom, replacement of old pipes, etc. For such work, you do not need to certify the documentation with the regulatory authorities and you can even do without the services of professional plumbers. The owner can do the plumbing in the house or apartment with his own hands. It is important to have the necessary tools, a minimum set of skills, as well as draw up a clear action plan and prepare a water supply diagram.

Plumbing in the apartment: what you need to know before installation

First of all, analyze your goals and objectives: what should be the rooms with plumbing, how and where the pipes will pass approximately, how much time, effort and money you are willing to spend on updating the wiring. The system can be of two types:

Attention! You only run the risk of finding out about a leak from a water supply system embedded in the wall from your neighbors.

For self-wiring of water supply at home, pipes made of plastic or metal-plastic are usually chosen. Cast iron, copper are not used because of the difficulties with their cutting, welding and other manipulations. Reinforced plastic pipes are the best option for plumbing. But more often they choose plastic. They are no less reliable and easy to install, and their low thermal conductivity is excellent for hot water supply (DHW).

Council. Among plastic, experts call polypropylene the most successful option. True, a special welding device is needed for the connection.

How to make a diagram

The water distribution scheme determines where, how and through the pipes of what diameter water will flow in your house. Compliance with standard installation methods will ensure a correct and safe water supply. A sequential or tee scheme - one pipe is diverted from the main, and all water consumers in the house are successively connected to it. For cold water supply (HVS), experts recommend doing this:

• 1st tee-outlet is directed to the mixer or shower with a tap in the bathroom;
• 2nd - on the sink, dishwasher and (if the second unit is located in the kitchen);
• 3rd - to drain the toilet;
• then - to the boiler and to the washing machine in the bathroom.

Attention! Hot water is diluted in approximately the same way: the bathroom, and then the kitchen. Toilet bowl, boiler, washing machine do not need hot water. Do not forget to install a non-return valve on the main cold water pipe. Otherwise hot water will follow the path for cold water.

The scheme is easy to install: each consumer is connected to the supply pipe using a tee. A significant disadvantage of this method is the different level of pressure. If several water consumption points are operating simultaneously, the last one will have the lowest head. But it can be solved. Another drawback: during the repair of one of the system elements, you will have to turn off the water supply for everyone.

Comparison of tee and collector circuits

The collector scheme assumes that the intermediary supplies water from the main water pipe to the collector. All water consumers are connected to it. The device provides equal head for everyone. A ball valve is mounted on each outlet pipe, which allows you to repair part of the system without affecting the performance of the rest. Wiring according to this scheme requires more space, as well as an increase in the number of pipes, taps and various connections and connectors. As a result, the option will cost the home owner more.

Attention! It is problematic to hide the collector wiring of the water supply in the wall. You can disguise it in the floor, but at the same time the collector itself must remain open and have easy access.

Installation of domestic plumbing made of metal-plastic

After preparing the diagram, calculate how much and what materials you need. Better to buy everything with a small margin. A metal-plastic pipe bends. However, up to the junction, it must have a flat area of \u200b\u200bat least 5-7 cm. They are switched by the press method or using crimp fittings.

The second option is suitable exclusively for an open type of water supply:

• measure and cut the pipe;
• chamfer it with a special calibrator;
• slide the fitting nut onto the pipe;
• insert the ring, and then the fitting itself;
• crimp with a pair of open-end wrenches.

The weak point of this type of connection is leaks. Pipes must be inspected, the fitting must be tightened at least once a year.

Press clutch is performed as follows:

• cut the pipes to the required length;
• calibrate;
• slide on the fitting and crimp it with a hand press. This connection is considered more reliable, but not collapsible.

How to make a plumbing from plastic pipes

For connection using polypropylene pipes, it is best to take samples with a cross-sectional diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 2.8 cm (for hot water supply - 3.2 cm). Perform the work in the following sequence:

• cut strictly perpendicularly using special scissors;
• mark on the edges the welding depth, which depends on the fitting;
• remove the middle layer of the pipe using a 1-2 mm facing tool;
• prepare the welding machine with the appropriate attachment;
• cooking takes about 7 seconds. at a temperature of about 250 ° C;
• welding should be started when the machine heats up (the indicator goes out);
• push the desired places on the pipes and the fitting onto the nozzle of the device, do not scroll;
• also, without scrolling, carefully and quickly connect the pipes or pipe with the fitting to each other, pushing on top of each other.

Wait a minute for cooling. If the weld is not perpendicular or unreliable, you can cut it and repeat the procedure again.

Installation of water supply wiring at any stage of the process is best done with an assistant. The result depends on the accuracy of the calculations and the accuracy of the work.

Plumbing installation: video