Make winder steps. Drawings and diagrams of winder stairs. Winder calculation methods

If during the construction of your house you are thinking about which version of the bundle of floors to prefer, then, considering the numerous structures, do not forget about the stairs with winder steps.

Advantages and disadvantages

In stairs with winder steps, all or individual steps are arranged in a spiral. On turns between marches, winder steps act as platforms.

There are two types of stairs with winder steps:

rotated 180 degrees;
with a 90 degree turn.

The main advantage of stairs with turns is that they take up little space, but at the same time they have an attractive appearance.

At the same time, winder stairs have many disadvantages:

the design does not look reliable enough, especially for people with a large body weight;
narrow steps cause inconvenience. It seems that the leg is cramped, there is nowhere to put it;
projects of such stairs have to be ordered from specialists, as complex calculations are required;
projects must be carried out very carefully, as if the ladder is not designed correctly, there is a risk of falling from it. In this case, you can get serious injuries.

To increase the safety of the structure and reduce the possibility of injury, the following rules must be taken into account during the design:

the length of the outer edge of the step should not be less than 40 centimeters, and the inner edge should not be less than 10 centimeters;
the height of the steps should be in the range from 12 to 22 centimeters;
the protrusion of the step surface should not exceed 4 centimeters.

The L-shaped staircase is calculated using the following formulas:

the width of the winder step should be 12 centimeters greater than its height;
the sum of the height and depth of the winder must be at least 46 centimeters;
the optimal length of each march is not less than 2 meters.

Empirically, it has been established that it is convenient to climb the stairs if the double height of the step, folded with its width, is equal to the length of a person's step.

The average stride length on a flat surface is 60 to 65 centimeters. Thus, the height and width of the steps are determined by the formula: two heights plus width are equal to 60 - 65 centimeters

These rules are valid for stairs with winders made of any material, no matter if it is L- or U-shaped.

Built in accordance with these rules, wooden, concrete or metal staircase will be comfortable and safe to use.

Stair calculation

The calculation of a staircase with winder steps of a U-shaped structure is done as follows: first, a preliminary drawing is made, then the bending radius is found on the drawing and it is calculated how many winder steps fit in this gap, focusing on the above rules and formulas.

The drawing, the photo of which is presented below, shows that the winders will be parts from the 1st to the 8th inclusive. A straight line is drawn through the 8th step.

Looking at the drawing, you can see that in total you need to draw 3 lines:

an AC curve showing the direction of movement up the stairs;
straight DE, cutting off the part of the stairs in which winder steps will be located;
straight line AB, which divides the structure into symmetrical halves - right and left.

Mark this place as 2. In the same way, find and mark the rest of the marks, up to the 7th.

Pass through marks A and 1 line. Mark 1 on DE. Do the same with marks A and 2, put mark 2.

Repeat the previous operation, marking marks on the drawing up to and including the 7th. Connect both marks with numbers 3, 4 and so on (see drawing). Similarly, the second half of the stairs is calculated.

The drawing of the L-shaped staircase is calculated in the same way.

The steps here can be located in two ways:

the winder in the corner is divided by the AC line in half;
the line AC runs between the two corner steps.

In the second variant, an AC arc is drawn, on which the width of a regular step is marked (segment B). Calculate the number of winder steps using the step formula.

The drawing below shows that these turned out to be steps numbered 1 - 4. Line EB is drawn through the intersection point of lines CA and EB and the end line of the fourth step.

Then the line AD is randomly chosen and marks 2,3 and 4 are placed on it. The distance from A to 2 is two parts, from 2 to 3 - three parts, from 3 to 4 - four parts. A part means a distance equal to any conventional unit.

The last segment to be drawn on the drawing is 4B. Parallel to it, a line is drawn from mark 2 and mark 3, crossing AB.

The marks on AB are connected to the marks on AC. It depends on these lines what shape the turning steps will take.

In the first variant, when the step in the corner is divided by the AC line in half, the drawing is built in a similar way. If the line AC divides the corner step into equal parts, then the calculation is made in the same way.

Mounting Features

Those who need a concrete, wooden or metal staircase with winders can assemble it with their own hands if they have the appropriate tools and skills to work with these materials.

The easiest way to assemble with winder steps made of wood.

To perform the installation of this design, you will need the following tools:

electric jigsaw;
drill or screwdriver.

In addition, you will need the most common tool for working with wood: a hammer, a variety of screwdrivers, a tape measure.

Wood for stairs with winder steps must be strong, without knots. The best wood for stairs is oak, but such material costs a lot and not everyone can afford it.

As a budget option, you can use ash - this inexpensive tree has a fairly strong wood with good decorative properties.

First, they calculate how many cubic meters of wood will be required to build the entire wooden structure. How to do it in practice?

It is most convenient to use one of the online calculators that can be found on the websites of organizations that sell lumber.

You can also ask for help from the manager of the enterprise where you are going to purchase the material by showing the drawing to the specialist.

And, of course, you can take a pencil, paper and a regular calculator, calculating how much this or that wood and fasteners will be needed.

In construction hypermarkets, you can buy ready-made parts for stairs with a turn, all that remains is to complete the installation. Consider, for example, the installation of one of these structures.

Assembling an L-shaped staircase with winder steps

The structure has an opening length of 2 meters, a width of 90 centimeters, and a ceiling height of 2 meters. It also has 2 marches - in the first there are 8 steps, in the second - 2. There are 3 turning steps, the angle of rotation is 35 degrees.

It will be necessary to make two kosour sidewalls from wood. One sidewall is fixed on the wall. The second kosour will rest on a pillar two and a half meters high.

The cross-sectional area of the column is 10x10 centimeters. You will need steps, a turntable and balusters.

The construction of the stairs is carried out in stages:

stringers;
winder steps;
installation of flights of stairs;
railing installation.

For the manufacture of stringers from a wooden slat, a stencil is made in the form of a right-angled triangle with sides equal to the height and width of the step.

Using a stencil, mark the sidewalls and cut them out. The thickness of the sidewalls must be at least 1.5 centimeters. V support post hollow out a groove for a kosour.

Fix the pole in a vertical position. In the corner on the wall, bars are fixed, on which the outer edges of the turning steps will abut.

Fix both stringers. This will require a metal plate or corner. The sidewalls should be opposite each other - this is necessary so that the steps are horizontal.

When fixing the stringers, their parallelism is checked with a level, not taking into account the floor surface, since it can be inclined.

Assemble the structure, fixing the rotary steps in the grooves of the column and on a beam fixed to the wall.

The grooves in the column, before placing the edges of the steps in them, are smeared with glue. The outer edges of the steps are screwed with self-tapping screws.

Simple steps are fixed on the sidewalls with self-tapping screws. Install railings on stairs.

They can be fixed with screws, but it is better to use dowels. A string is stretched between the lower and upper balusters, and along it on the remaining balusters mark the slope with which the railing will be fixed.

Along this line, the racks are cut off from above and handrails are installed, fixing them with self-tapping screws with a hidden head.

A few last tips: the design of stairs with winder steps can be combined.

Twisted stairs with wooden winders on a metal frame and other design methods look great.

Those who settled on the concrete option should still finish the steps with wood so that they do not slip and are less traumatic.

Special stair steps, placed in a circle, are usually called "oblique" or winder. Due to their rather unusual shape, these elements can be used to rotate structures in different sections of marches. Basically, the masters install them at the bottom, in the middle, and also at the top. Although most often winder steps are used specifically for wooden stairs with a 90-degree turn.

What are the standard "oblique" steps?

Considering the installation features of winder elements, it can be understood that one of their ends, located on the inside, is narrower than the other, external. Steps of a similar plan successfully replace more bulky intermediate platforms. But when using them for turning stairs, you need to remember some important nuances:

After watching various specialized videos, it becomes clear that the above steps are best used where there is a shortage of free space for future stair structures. In addition, these elements allow you to visually expand the existing premises.

Important points that are recommended to be taken into account in the manufacture of stairs with running elements

In addition to obvious advantages, "oblique" steps have a couple of significant disadvantages. For example, the narrow edge of these elements sometimes causes psychological discomfort for people climbing the finished stairs. They feel like they have nowhere to put their feet. And to make rotary structures as a whole is quite difficult. This is especially true for basic calculations.

In order to get rid of the alleged troubles that winders used for wooden stairs can deliver, the following points must be taken into account:

the depth of the outer edge of the "oblique" elements should be a maximum of 400 mm, and the inner - at least 100 mm;
the height of the steps must range from 120 to 220 mm;
the existing protrusion of the edge of the tread cannot exceed the mark of 40 mm.

Having studied in detail the features of the installation of rotary structures, you can find out that the middle of each do-it-yourself winder element must be at least 200 mm, this is really important. In addition, when calculating ladder structures, it is recommended to use certain formulas.

If we are talking about L-shaped products, then the level of their comfort is calculated as follows: a - b \u003d 120 mm. Here "a" is the depth of the indicated steps, and "c" is optimal height riser. There is also a special formula for determining the maximum safety of these structures: a + b \u003d 460 mm.

However, if the craftsmen plan to install U-shaped stairs, they need to remember that all mid-flight intervals should be equal to a quarter of the width of the "oblique" elements. Otherwise, the inner edges of the finished winder steps, the photos of which are in the article, will turn out to be extremely narrow.

Creating a simple L-shaped product: preparing basic tools and materials

From the videos posted on the open spaces of the network, you can find out that dark oak wood is ideal for the manufacture of L-shaped stairs with “oblique” steps. But it is very expensive. Therefore, many experienced professionals give their preference to maple. This material looks really attractive, and its price is quite acceptable.

In addition to wood, craftsmen involved in creating a structure with a 90-degree turn will need to prepare in advance:

Useful additional information about the future construction

In order to clearly understand how to make high-quality winder steps for wooden stairs, it is necessary to consider in detail the sequence of creating an L-shaped product with a width of 93 cm. The length of the opening of this design is exactly 2.29 m, and its ceiling height is 2.68 m.

The staircase includes a couple of marches. The first one consists of eight steps, the last of which exactly coincides with the existing platform on the top floor of the building, and the second march is made of only two elements. As for the "oblique" steps, there are exactly three of them. The angle of rotation of these parts does not exceed 30 degrees.

For this product, craftsmen will have to make two stringers with their own hands. Their dimensions should be 5x30x300 cm. One part will be securely attached to the nearest wall, and the other will rest on a pillar with dimensions of 10x10x250 cm. The steps of the structure must have dimensions of 90x30x4 cm. 90x90x4 cm.

Key features of the assembly structure

The whole process of manufacturing an L-shaped staircase, the photo of which is striking in its beauty, is usually divided into several stages:

First, the masters make a template resembling a right triangle, attaching it to the guide rail.
Then they mark the stringers and cut out these details.
The third stage is the installation of the support column.
Further, it is allowed to mount the basis for the "oblique" steps.
After that, experts attach stringers using metal corners.
Then they cut out the running elements, adjusting them to length.
At the end, the steps are varnished and finally fixed with long self-tapping screws.

The lower flight of stairs is made on a bowstring, the edge of which is cut at an angle of 90 degrees (to the floor). Then the masters install balusters and handrails. The last specified parts are fixed by self-tapping screws with countersunk heads. Well, this video will allow you to get acquainted with the manufacture of winder stairs in more detail.

Aesthetically pleasing stairs at reasonable prices

It is quite possible to create durable winder steps for wooden stairs on your own. But for those people who want to save time, effort and money, it will be much more profitable to contact our experienced specialists. With their help, customers can easily purchase ready-made structures in Moscow at the lowest prices.

For example, the Prestige double-page product has a unique, incredibly stylish design. And it costs only 47,160 rubles.

The same can be said about the modern staircase "Evoles Book". This design will complement any interior. And its current price is 65,000 rubles.

The reversal product "Modern" is created from the most exclusive materials. It is distinguished by the highest quality, elegance and increased reliability. The cost of such a ladder is quite acceptable - 125,262 rubles.

With a lack of space in the living room, finding a place to place the stairs is a lot of trouble. And the solution to this issue can be stairs made of wood with winder steps. Such designs do not lose their practicality in operation and significantly save precious square meters. But before proceeding with the installation work, you should be aware of the important nuances described in this article.

The shape and types of stairs

First you need to decide on the design - the shape of the frame of the future stairs:

If necessary, all three options can be combined based on the layout of the room, the shape of the stairs and the presence of adjacent load-bearing walls.

Combined design: stringers + bowstring

Safety requirements for winder stairs

Do not forget that walking on a wooden staircase should be as safe as possible, since both adults and children can move along it. Therefore, the following recommendations are imperative:

the number of steps in one flight of stairs must be made at least 3 and it is desirable that their total number be odd - it is psychologically more convenient to start and end the ascent with the same foot;
the height of the fence should exceed the level of the center of gravity of a person, on average this parameter ranges from 90 to 120 cm;
fastening of the structure should be carried out directly to the load-bearing elements of the floor.

Manual calculation of stair parameters

Despite the many nuances and pitfalls that occur in the workflow, a winder made of wood can not only be built on its own, but also be designed without the involvement of specialists. This does not require any special knowledge, everything you need to know is written in our article.

Ladder height

This parameter is the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor, that is, the thickness of the floor is also taken into account. Many forget about this, in a hurry to calculate the structure along the walls of the living quarters.

When choosing a slope, the minimum distance to the ceiling is taken into account

The distance from the steps to the ceiling is calculated according to the height of the person, on average this figure should not be lower than 190 cm, another 10 cm is added for ease of movement. Now this value can change up, but not down.

March length

The length of the future design consists of several points:

tilt angle;
step width;
number of steps;
the size of the landing.

And it’s worth starting with taking measurements from the space available under the stairs and later adjusting the project to the standards and norms.

Ladder width

The basis of all calculations is the convenience and safety of movement, a person should walk without clinging to the railing due to crowding and not being afraid to put his foot past the steps.

Regarding the width of the stairs, there are several recommendations:

the minimum size between handrails or other fences is 80-90 cm, in which case only one person can move. It is not possible to drag furniture along such a design;
the optimal size for stairs with winder steps is 100-125 cm. Two people can easily disperse, moving towards each other;
zones of comfortable movement are considered to be sizes from 125 m to 150 cm, when oncoming traffic is not hindered in any way.

Tilt angle

Another parameter responsible for the ease of use of the stairs, and there are criteria here:
1. If the design is too steep, then more living space is saved.
2. If the structure is flat, then the movement is more comfortable and safer.

For residential premises is in the range from 26 to 45 degrees. A steeper slope is considered traumatic and is used only for household and industrial purposes.

Number of steps

This indicator cannot be any specific and depends on the overall height of the structure and the height of the step. For example, if the floor height is 3 m, then dividing it by 15 cm - the average size of the riser - we get 20 steps.

Stair step (step depth)

The most important rule to remember is that the foot must be in full contact with the step, however, an error of a few centimeters is allowed to clarify the dimensions of the structure.

the minimum value is 100 mm, however, if you quickly climb or descend such a ladder, you can be injured;
the most suitable dimensions are from 200 to 300 mm, the movement does not make you tense up and look every time you put your foot down.

If you want to increase the width of the step, you can fix them with a small extension, but not more than 40 mm, so that you do not accidentally catch on when moving.

Online calculators

If there are difficulties with the self-calculation of winders for a wooden staircase, you can use these calculators for turns on and. The advantages of this design approach:

just specify the required dimensions, and you get a diagram with all the parameters without unnecessary divisions and multiplications;
the result can also be prepared in 3D, which will allow you to visually evaluate the design and simplify its manufacture.
specifying the materials, you will also receive a construction estimate.

materials

After the calculations have been completed, the project has been prepared, you should decide on the type of wood from which the staircase will be built. For such structures, it is best to use hardwoods that can withstand heavy loads, such as oak, ash, walnut and beech.

They are all roughly in the same density category, but differ in price and susceptibility to decay. So, the walnut does not have sufficient durability and has an average cost. Ash, on the other hand, is resistant to destruction, but also an order of magnitude higher in price. Pine is also suitable, but requires more careful processing.

Tools

The next step is preparation necessary tool for installation work:

electric drill;
electric jigsaw (you can get by with a hacksaw, but you will spend many times more time on the construction of the structure);
screwdriver;
hammer;
roulette;
building level or plumb.

As fasteners, you can use nails, stainless steel screws and metal corners.

Fabrication and installation of the structure

Even at the stage of creating a drawing, you are faced with the question of what frame will underlie the stairs? In practice, products on stringers and bowstrings are considered the most popular - they are easy to install and practical to use.

Device diagram

Knots for connecting structural elements

Attaching the kosour to the floor

Design features:

when the running part is located directly at the base of the structure, the steps are mounted on the risers (if any) and on the support pillars;
if the running part is located in the middle and the transition angle is straight (90 or 180 degrees), the rotary treads are laid on the supporting beams. The beams themselves are installed at right angles. At the bend of the stairs, you can make a rounding with plywood, giving it a curved shape.

Consider both options for building a wooden staircase with winder steps with your own hands:

The assembly with the location of the steps on the bowstrings differs only in that they will be mounted between the base beams, and not on them, otherwise the sequence of actions is similar.

Marking stairs with a template

Winder steps make the stairs more elegant, although they reduce ease of use.

No matter how perfect the interior of the corridor, hall or living room is, the staircase in these rooms always catches the eye and arouses genuine interest. A staircase with a turn (or winder staircase) is doubly endowed with this gift. Understanding the turns of the stairs and winder steps is not so difficult. After spending a little time and delving into the essence of the issue, you can independently make a staircase with turns or, in extreme cases, control the process of its construction.

Like two and two

It's good when the ladder is stretched like a string and nothing prevents you from flying from floor to floor in a straight line. The only inconvenience is that you need to free up a lot of space along one of the walls. In order for the staircase to be as convenient and safe as possible, certain parameters must be followed. So, for example, a step with about 15 cm and a tread depth of 30 cm is considered convenient. If you plan to take off the tread, then its size should be no more than 5 cm. The area in front of the flight of stairs should have an area of at least 90 square centimeters. The average ceiling height is 2.5 meters. For a straight staircase with such parameters, it is necessary to leave more than five linear meters of free space along one wall.

The straight flight staircase is by far the easiest to design and the most comfortable.

If there is not so much free space in the room, you have to make a staircase with several flights and turntables. Turning the stairs 90 or 180 degrees can be equipped with winders. For such steps, the inner side is smaller than the outer one, so the transition along them is less comfortable than along the stairs with a turntable.

Winder steps can be installed as on a two-flight ladder ...

... and on a three-march design.

The staircase with rotary steps has a rather original, elegant appearance. At the same time, it takes up very little space: 2.5 meters along one wall and 1.5 meters along the other. These dimensions are average for stairs with 90 degree turning steps.

Design features

Despite the apparent fragility of the structure, the turntable is quite durable. On the one hand, the kosour is attached to the wall, and on the other, it rests on the central support. If the height of the room and the area allotted for the stairs allow the designer's imagination to unfold, then you can design a staircase with three flights and turn it ninety degrees twice. In this case, the central outer stringer will be attached between two supporting columns, and the upper and lower outer stringers will burst the entire structure. With or without risers, wood or metal, the curved staircase organizes the space around it. One more moment. During the descent and ascent of any stairs, it is common for a person to step on the central part of the tread. This is dictated by the internal instinct of self-preservation. Winder steps have a triangular shape or the shape of a truncated triangle. When moving on such surfaces, one must move closer to the edge of the tread, which rests on the wall as the widest (deepest) part of the tread.

For example, in this case, it is almost impossible to move along the narrow part of the steps.

Traffic safety rules

GOST and SNiP - examples of the bible for builders - fixed the minimum dimensions, subject to which, a staircase with winder steps will be safe:

Winder stairs are a durable and safe construction. But only compliance with the provisions of GOST and SNiP makes it so. If the basic parameters and dimensions are not observed, the risks of falling and slipping on the steps increase sharply. No handrails and railings can minimize the risk of injury due to the incorrect design of the "g" or "p" shaped stairs.

An example of a comfortable winder staircase.

winder steps

The meaning of the winder steps is to replace the horizontal platform between the marches with steps and use this turning point to continue the ascent / descent. Due to this effect, the space required for arranging the winder staircase is saved. It makes no sense to make winder steps with a depth of more than 40 centimeters against the wall. The deeper the tread at the wall, the deeper it is at the central support, and this leads to an increase in the radius of curvature and saving space somewhere. If the depth of the tread at the wall is more than 40 centimeters, and the depth at the central support is within the normal range, then orderly rows of treads are broken. In place of the three "burdocks" four steps could fit and the turn would retain its angle and dynamics of ascent / descent.

When turning 90 degrees, it is recommended to install 4-6 winders.

If the depth of the tread at the central support is less than ten centimeters, then in the center of the tread the depth will not “grow” to a minimum of twenty centimeters. The height of the riser directly depends on the angle of inclination of the entire structure.

Important! It is necessary to maintain the angle of inclination of the stairs in the places of winder steps.

Formulas for success

Before you pick up the tool and start assembling the stairs, you need to draw up a drawing. Next, you need to draw in detail all the moments: the height of the ceiling, the dimensions of the place for installing the stairs, the shape and place of attachment of the central support. Calculate the angle of inclination of the structure and the height of the risers, the depth of the straight tread and the number of winders. At the same time, take into account the minimum and maximum parameters and compare them with GOST and SNiP. Before putting the final point on the drawing, it will not be superfluous to check several formulas and understand how comfortable the future design will be in all respects.

Drawing of a staircase with winder steps in 3 projections.

“a” is responsible for the height of the riser, “b” is responsible for the depth of the tread, from which we have the following parameters of a convenient design:

Convenient formula: b - a = 12 cm.
Safe movement formula: b + a = 46 cm.
Light step formula: 2a + b = 62 (60-64) cm.

We make a detailed drawing of the winder stairs

If the calculations were correct, then your staircase will be comfortable and safe.

Advice! In order not to fill the bumps on the knees, elbows and chin, it is worth taking a responsible approach to the design of the winder stairs.

Metal or wooden, they differ only in terms of the design of the frames. The basic principles of building stairs with winder steps remain unchanged. Methods for constructing drawings and determining the shape of winders differ in the choice of starting points and the construction of rays. Whether you use the Proportion Method, Line Lift, Danish Method, or Sweep Method depends on your mathematical ability. We make a staircase with winder steps

If you have never held a tool in your hands, then the formulas and methods will not help you, and it would be better to entrust the manufacture of stairs with steps at a turn to a professional. He knows that a metal staircase can have one central stringer and it will be enough for the reliability of the entire structure. He will weld the steps from the corner, and he may not install the risers at all. The wooden staircase will be planted by him on stringers supported by racks and walls, with the help of cuts and glue with sawdust. He will arrange wooden steps that are always “running in” horizontally in level. Even the lower edge of the outer string will be cut vertically for its attachment to the first supporting baluster. In general, the question remains only in the budget and your desire! And the complexity of the design is a secondary matter.

It often happens that the insufficient area of \u200b\u200bthe premises in a private house simply does not allow the construction of an ordinary single-flight staircase to the second floor. We have to look for another solution - to divide the rise into two marches or fit a screw structure into the available space.

Or you can combine these approaches - the staircase will have two flights, but between them there is not a platform, but a section of the ascent of the spiral type, for the transition between straight segments. On this site, the so-called winder steps are mounted, which allow you to change the direction of the stairs. The design, of course, becomes more complicated, but the required compactness of the interfloor transition is achieved.

Can a winder staircase be built with your own hands? Yes, definitely. But in order to understand this issue, it is first necessary to consider what structures with winder steps are, learn how to calculate them.

Winder stairs

First of all, it must be said that steps are called winders, having the shape of a regular or irregular triangle and located almost always on the same support. Such steps can completely form the structure of the stairs or replace the platform between two flights in it.

Stairs with winder steps include several types of structures: