The lymph node in the mammary gland hurts. Causes of axillary lymphadenopathy. How to examine yourself

In the human body, there are many lymph nodes, which are located in different parts of the body, according to anatomical features, and together they make up the lymphatic system. They are combined into special groups, and a special lymphatic fluid enters them from internal organs... Lymph nodes with menopause can become inflamed, indicating the onset of the development of a pathological process in a woman's reproductive system, which requires urgent treatment.

A small bump on the skin in the groin or underarms is an inflammation of the lymph node.

A colorless liquid-like substance that circulates through certain arteries and tissues and cleans them throughout the body is called lymph, or lymphatic fluid. And lymph nodes are special filters located around the perimeter of the lymphatic system. They perform a protective function in the body, such as trapping bacteria, viruses, atypical cancer cells and other pathological substances. Having caught a pathological microorganism, these same filters expose them to the processes of splitting, and then excretion from the body.

The main reason under the influence of which the lymph nodes can become inflamed is infection. Basically, the inflamed lymph nodes are restored to their previous size immediately after the body's immune defense system defeats the infection.

Particular danger currents may have inflamed lymph nodes in the armpits, as this may be evidence of the development of a cancerous tumor in the area of ​​the mammary glands.

The only right decision on the way to establish true reason inflammation of the lymph nodes is a consultation with a qualified specialist. To make an accurate diagnosis, you may need diagnostic methods such as:

  1. general blood analysis;
  2. radiography;
  3. biopsy study.

In most cases, the cause of inflammation lies in the penetration of an ordinary infection, for example, with a cold.

Most of the representatives of the beautiful half of humanity prefer not to apply for medical help with the development of such an insignificant pathological process. In this case, it should be remembered that if the inflamed lymph node does not cause unpleasant pain symptoms and within two weeks begins to decrease in size until it disappears completely, then the alarm can not be beaten. But if the inflamed lymph node does not go away, but on the contrary begins to increase, then a visit to the doctor should be urgent.

Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes

If pathological changes in the genitals begin to develop, then this can lead to inflammation of the lymph nodes located in the groin area. With the development of an inflammatory process in the genital area of ​​a woman, the following symptoms may be observed:

  • Increased bulge in the groin area.
  • The appearance of pain on palpation.
  • Change in the color scale of the skin over the inflamed lymph node, with the acquisition of a purple-cyanotic hue, which is evidence of the deposition of purulent masses.
  • When the color of the epidermis changes, fluctuations in the thermoregulation of the body with an increase in temperature to subfebrile boundaries can be observed.
  • A state of lethargy and adynamism may be observed.
  • Decreased appetite.
  • Disruption of healthy sleep with regular insomnia.

Acute forms of lymphadenitis can occur with a vivid clinical picture, the symptoms of which are similar to the manifestation of a severe form of infection. This is a reason for urgent adoption of the necessary measures.

Most often, women themselves find round-shaped neoplasms on their bodies: either in the groin area or in the armpits. At the initial stage of the development of the pathological process in premenopausal women, the inflamed lymph node does not cause a feeling of soreness, and during the examination it is quite mobile and is not associated with the nearby tissue. It can easily move under the skin by a certain degree. But while walking, symptoms such as discomfort and burning may appear.

With the progression of the pathology, the symptoms of the inflammatory process become more vivid and pronounced. Painful sensations of a pulsating nature may appear, indicating the development of a purulent process in the lymph node.

What to do with premenopausal lymph node inflammation?

When the lymph nodes increase in size in premenopausal women, this indicates that some kind of pathology develops in the body. And the lymph nodes, being one of the components of the body's immune defense system, try to develop the necessary level of antibodies to achieve a speedy recovery. Inflammatory processes, together with the symptoms characteristic of the climacteric period, significantly reduce the level and quality of a woman's life.

What should be done when the lymph nodes become inflamed? To alleviate your condition and improve the quality of life, you need:

  • Initially, contact a qualified specialist and go through the necessary diagnostic methods for examining your body in order to exclude the development of a dangerous pathological process in premenopause. Based on the results obtained, the doctor will be able to prescribe adequate treatment in accordance with the individual characteristics of the woman. Antibiotic medications may also be prescribed.
  • In the absence of serious pathologies in the body, you can fight inflamed lymph nodes with the help echinacea in a tablet form of release. It will help to strengthen the immune defense system of the female body and increase its ability to resist the effects of pathological microorganisms and infection.
  • In order to stop the enlargement of lymph nodes in premenopausal women, it is recommended to take one tablespoon daily. aloe juice, having previously prepared a spoon with natural honey for a snack.
  • Applying compresses using an ointment Levomekol.
  • As a complementary treatment to improve overall well-being, it is recommended physiotherapy, among which the most effective is electrophoresis with the use of an antibiotic drug. But such a procedure cannot be carried out with the development of a purulent form of lymphadenitis.
  • To eliminate purulent contents from inflamed lymph nodes, surgical drainage is performed.
  • If the lymph nodes increase in size, accompanied by painful symptoms in the throat, then the pain can be eliminated with the help of conventional painkillers. Such as Acetaminophen, Paracetamol or Ibuprofen.

Whichever method of treatment is chosen, it is important to remember that self-medication of inflamed lymph nodes during menopause or another stage of menopause is not recommended. This can lead to the fact that the lymph nodes may enlarge even more, and the concomitant disease turn into a more acute form of the course.

Moreover, when the lymph node enlarges in size, especially in the armpits or groin, this may be the first indication of the development of an early stage cancer. That is why it is so important to pass all the necessary tests in a timely manner, to undergo additional diagnostic methods and, if cancer develops, to begin treatment aimed at eliminating it.

Lymph nodes in the groin area

If the lymph nodes in the groin area increase before the onset of the menstrual cycle, thickening in its texture and becoming available for self-diagnosis, then there may not be anything pathogenic in this, but a simple reaction to a change in hormonal levels before menstruation. Such symptomatology depends on purely individual characteristics and, in the absence of diseases of the reproductive system, passes without a trace and does not entail negative consequences.

The same enlargement of lymph nodes in the groin area accompanied by painful sensations may appear after intense sports training. This is due to the fact that the excess physical activity on the body can lead to stretching of the groin muscles and further enlargement of the lymph nodes in size and the appearance of painful sensations. Such manifestations are capable of resolving by themselves, without the use of special treatment methods.

But there are cases when, with the development of inflammation of the lymph node in the groin area with accompanying painful sensations, they may indicate the presence of such pathologies as:

  1. the development of cystic ovarian lesions;
  2. the development of neoplasms with a cancerous etiology;
  3. infection of the organs of the reproductive system of the female body with sexually transmitted diseases;
  4. the development of an inflammatory process in the uterine cavity or in the vaginal area.

Some of the pathologies presented can turn into a chronic form of the course, especially if the wrong way of treatment was chosen. In addition to inflammation of the lymph nodes, other symptomatic manifestations may appear as a notification of the development of pathology in the organs of the woman's reproductive system, but they may be less pronounced.

To prevent the development of this pathology, it is recommended to perform the following preventive procedures:

  • Timely get rid of diseases of the organs of the reproductive system of the body.
  • On early stages prevent the development of the inflammatory process in the area of ​​internal organs.
  • Compliance with contraception during sexual intercourse.
  • Regular visits to the gynecological office.

In addition to the implementation of the simple preventive measures presented, women must change their attitude towards themselves and their health. If the slightest sensitivity, discomfort in the area of ​​the lymph nodes appears, it is necessary not to pull until the last, until a serious pathology develops, but immediately go to the doctor and begin timely treatment. A particular danger is purulent lymphadenitis, the treatment of which, in most cases, is carried out in a hospital setting.

Informative video on this topic:

Fibrocystic disease (FCD), also called mastopathy or fibroadenomatosis, is a breast pathology that many women face. Most often, patients of reproductive age suffer from the disease, but sometimes fibroadenomatosis is recorded in adolescence and in women during menopause. Many patients are faced with the problem of enlarged lymph nodes with mastopathy. Consider what circumstances can lead to lymphadenopathy, and whether they are always associated with fibroadenomatosis.

Briefly about mastopathy and mammary glands in women

The essence of fibrocystic pathology (FCM) is the restructuring of the mammary gland with a change in the normal proportions of the glandular and connective tissue with a predominance of one or another component. Pathology can acquire nodular or diffuse form... More common diffuse changes when all breast tissue is involved in the process. Nodular fibroadenomatosis, as a rule, develops against the background diffuse mastopathy and manifests itself in the formation of more or less large nodular seals in the chest.

The main role in the development of fibrocystic pathology belongs to hormonal disorders occurring in the body as a result of various endocrine and gynecological diseases... It can be pathologies of the ovaries, uterus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, etc. Directly to the occurrence of fibroadenomatous changes in the mammary glands is an imbalance of sex steroids with a predominance of estrogen over progesterone, as well as hyperprolactinemia, characterized by excessive production of prolactin in the pituitary gland.


The main symptoms of mastopathy are soreness and swelling of the breasts before menstruation and discharge from the nipples of a different nature (this symptom is not always present). On palpation, fine-grained and stringy seals are often found in the tissue of the mammary glands.

The main causes of lymph node changes in fibrocystic breast pathology

Axillary, sub- and supraclavicular lymph nodes in mastopathy can increase as a result of pathologies of the glands themselves or in general diseases accompanied by lymphadenopathy. The first group includes the following pathologies and conditions:

· Violation of the outflow of lymph as a result of the development of fibrous tissue;

· Malignant breast tumors (as a complication of mastopathy or an independent disease);

· Mastitis;

· Inflammation of the breast cyst.

The second group of reasons includes:

· Non-observance of personal hygiene;

· The use of low-quality cosmetics;

· Changes in the hormonal status characteristic of mastopathy;

· Purulent inflammation in the shoulder, axillary region and other closely located anatomical areas;

· Infectious diseases (measles, shingles, tuberculosis, syphilis, tularemia, brucellosis, plague);

Systemic pathologies of connective tissue (rheumatism, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, etc.);

· Oncological diseases (lymphoma, lymphogranulomatosis);

Local lymphadenitis and lymphangitis (inflammation of the lymphatic vessels and nodes).

Lymphadenopathy for breast pathologies

Lymphatic drainage from the mammary glands passes through several groups of lymph nodes, the main importance among which are supraclavicular and subclavian, as well as axillary. Lymph nodes with mastopathy can increase as a result of a change in the hormonal status of a woman, which is characteristic of this disease. Typically, lymph node symptoms are observed in about 10% of women diagnosed with fibroadenomatosis. Swollen lymph nodes are most noticeable shortly before menstruation. They acquire a rounded shape (normally bean-shaped), slightly increase and have a dense consistency, and are mobile on palpation.

Lymphadenopathy may be associated with impaired lymph outflow from the mammary glands due to compression of the lymphatic vessels by fibrous cords and overgrown glandular tissue. It should be remembered that enlarged lymph nodes are far from the main and not an obligatory sign of mastopathy. Therefore, when detecting the phenomena of lymphadenopathy, it is necessary to exclude other diseases and complications of fibroadenomatosis.

Breast cancer

Lymphadenopathy is a characteristic symptom of malignant neoplasms in the breast. Lymph nodes are peripheral organs of the immune system that respond to foreign cells and substances that enter the body from the outside or are formed in it. Tumor cells are atypical and contain DNA that is different from that of healthy cells. If there is a "breakthrough" of cancer cells into the blood and lymph, they are retained by the lymph nodes and accumulate in them. Sometimes they divide in the area of ​​these nodes, so tumor metastases are formed. Lymph nodes usually enlarge only on the side where the breast affected by the tumor is located.

There is a special node, the change in which is characteristic of breast cancer. It is called the Zorgius node, it is located at the intersection of the third rib with the lower edge of the pectoralis major muscle. In breast cancer, the nodes can merge with each other, have a rather dense texture to the touch and are often soldered to the skin and adjacent tissues. In the later stages of the disease, exhaustion, weakness, and headaches may occur.

Mastitis and inflammation of the mammary cyst

Enlarged lymph nodes with mastopathy can be a sign of inflammation of the lobules of the mammary gland (mastitis) or a mastopathic cyst. The infection enters the breast tissue with blood flow from distant inflammatory foci or enters the milk ducts through the nipple, especially in the presence of cracks. Usually, the lymph nodes enlarge on the side of the inflammation. Other symptoms of these diseases include redness of the skin over the focus, an increase in local temperature. The disease is accompanied by severe pain in the inflamed gland, swelling, general symptoms of intoxication, such as:

General weakness;

· Increased temperature;

· headache;

• malaise;

· cardiopalmus.

Other causes of lymphadenopathy in mastopathy

Bacterial and viral infections

The causes of lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes) can be the use of low-quality deodorants or poor personal hygiene, excessive sweating. The consequence of these factors often becomes a blockage of the sweat glands, which leads to inflammation and involvement of the nodes of the lymphatic system in the process. They become inflamed in response to irritation by infectious agents and toxic waste products.

Some viruses and bacteria, entering the body, cause lymphadenopathy in different groups of lymph nodes, including axillary ones. This is observed in tuberculosis, syphilis, brucellosis, mononucleosis and some other infectious diseases. Most often, the axillary, supra- and subclavian nodes in these cases are not the only localization of the process; at the same time, altered nodes are found in other anatomical areas. In syphilis, for example, the inguinal lymphatic vessels and nodes are first affected, then the process generalizes (spreads) throughout the body.

Systemic collagenoses (systemic connective tissue pathologies)

The enlargement of lymph nodes in mastopathy sometimes occurs as a result of exacerbation of systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatism, lupus erythematosus, etc. Systemic connective tissue diseases are autoimmune processes characterized by the production of antibodies against the body's own cells. Among other things, antibodies are formed against the lymphoid cells that make up the lymph nodes. As a result, aseptic inflammation develops in them, i.e. unrelated to infection. In addition to lymphadenopathy, these diseases are often accompanied by joint damage, which is manifested by their soreness and deformation, as well as damage to other organs - the heart, kidneys, lungs, liver with corresponding symptoms.

Oncology

In the pathological process, lymph nodes are also involved in various pathologies that are not associated with damage to the mammary glands. For example, with various forms of leukemia (blood cancer) and tumors of lymphoid tissue - lymphomas, lymphosarcoma, lymphogranulomatosis. The nodes can increase significantly in size, solder with each other, the skin and surrounding tissues. There are so-called conglomerates consisting of tumor cells of the lymphoid system.

Additional milk wedge

A rather rare occurrence is an additional milk lobule. This is rather not even the cause of lymphadenopathy, but a formation that can be confused with an enlarged lymph node during examination. It can be located next to the mammary gland near the armpit. The structure of the accessory lobule is similar to that of normal mammary lobules. On its surface, there is sometimes a noticeable small formation in the form of a mole or papilloma, which, in fact, is the rudiment of the nipple. The extra lobule also reacts to changes in hormonal levels, as does the breast. Over the course of your menstrual cycle, it can grow in size and become tender and painful. The correct diagnosis can only be carried out by a doctor.

Diagnostics and treatment

Before moving on to medical diagnostic methods, it is necessary to note the importance of self-examination. Every woman should check and feel her breasts monthly after her next period. In this case, it is necessary to examine not only the mammary glands themselves, but also the axillary, supraclavicular and subclavian regions for the detection of enlarged lymph nodes. In thin women, they can also be palpated in the norm in the form of small elastic mobile formations, resembling a pea in size. If the nodes are large, are determined only on one side, are soldered to the skin or to each other, have a solid consistency, you should contact a specialist for examination as soon as possible. Early diagnosis makes it possible to successfully treat even such dangerous diseases as malignant tumors of the breast and other organs and tissues. In prognostic terms, breast cancer is one of the most favorable in comparison with other oncological processes.

Instrumental and laboratory methods

Considering the above, enlarged lymph nodes in mastopathy can be not only a symptom of this disease, but also a sign of other pathologies, up to the development of an oncological process. Taking into account the clinical picture, the examination includes:

· Mammography and ultrasound examination of the mammary glands;

· Radionuclide diagnostics;

· Determination of LE-blood cells (a sign of systemic collagenosis);

· Determination of antibodies to their own cells and their nuclei by enzyme immunoassay;

· General clinical blood and urine tests;

· Puncture biopsy of the changed nodes with subsequent cytological and histological analysis.

If any infectious process is suspected, microscopic diagnostic methods can be used, inoculation of puncture material on various media to identify the causative agent of the infection. Viral and bacterial infections can be diagnosed by detecting antibodies in the blood to various pathogens or the pathogen's DNA.

Treatment

Treatment of lymphadenopathy in fibroadenomatosis should be directed to the underlying cause of its development. It may include hormonal agents for the treatment of mastopathy, surgery (mastectomy, breast resection, lymph node excision, etc.), radiation and chemotherapy for cancer, corticosteroids to suppress systemic inflammation, antibiotics, and antiviral agents with infectious diseases, etc.That is, the method of treatment is selected exclusively on an individual basis.

) Is a disease of the mammary glands in women of reproductive age. The impetus for the formation of pathology, in most cases, is a violation of the hormonal background. Mastopathy manifests itself as a cystic neoplasm or induration in the tissues of the glands. Painful lymph nodes with mastopathy in the armpits will also become a sign.

Hyperplasia of the nodes is an indicator of inflammatory processes in the body. The lymphatic areas close to the focus of pathology are affected, in the case of mastopathy, this is the axillary zone. This is where the outflow of lymph from the mammary glands goes. Fibrocystic disease refers to benign changes, but a woman with this diagnosis is at risk of developing oncology.

Stages of hyperplasia of the lymphatic system

The enlargement of the lymph nodes under the armpits with mastopathy can be divided into three stages, referring to the clinical picture of the inflammatory process. Typically, a lump is found a few days before the menstrual cycle. It is associated with a violation of hormonal levels in a woman's body. If there are no changes in breast tissue, the increase will subside with the end of menstruation.

In the case when the presence of mastopathy provoked inflammatory processes in the lymphatic system of the armpits, the latter can be divided into three stages.

First stage

At the initial stage, hyperplasia does not manifest itself as a bright symptomatology. Swelling of the mammary glands begins a week before the cycle and leads to unpleasant discomfort. Against this background, a woman sometimes does not notice changes in the lymph nodes. The first stage is characteristic of the age group of women from 25 to 30 years old and often goes unnoticed. If treatment is not applied, mastopathy, like lymph node hyperplasia, acquire a more complex form.

Second stage

It is more common in women in adulthood from 40 to 45 years. The mammary glands two weeks before the onset of menstruation painfully increase, become stiff, this directly affects the hyperplasia of the lymph nodes. At the second stage, their increase is painful, which does not go unnoticed. The menstrual cycle itself is shortened to 20 days.

Third stage

At this stage, the tissues of the mammary glands are affected by cystic formations, puffiness and redness are visually observed in the area of ​​the mastopathy location. The third stage is characterized by light brown nipple discharge. The inflammatory process affects the lymphatic system.

The enlargement of the lymph nodes under the armpits is accompanied by a sharp pain, often radiating to the region of the collarbone or neck. The third stage is typical for older women, if at the first stages of mastopathy, medical assistance was not provided.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the armpit can take place for many reasons, but the main indicator is the presence of mastopathy to one degree or another. In order to stop hyperplasia, it is necessary to exclude the disease that preceded it.

Etiology of mastopathy and hyperplasia

Fibroadenomatosis can occur in men and children, but this is an exception to the rule. In most cases, mastopathy and the associated hyperplasia of the lymph nodes, a female disease that develops against the background of hormonal imbalance in reproductive age. When the relationship between the hormones estradiol and progesterone is disrupted.

The hormone estradiol is responsible for. Progesterone controls this process by inhibiting tissue overgrowth. In the case of mastopathy, there is an increase in estrogen and a decrease in progesterone. To influence the normal ratio between hormones and enlargement of lymph nodes with mastopathy, can:

  • Deviation from accepted norms in puberty and behavior. Early puberty (9-11 years), late-onset menopause (after 55 years). Early or late intercourse. Absence of children, interrupted pregnancies, unwillingness or impossibility after the birth of a child (especially the first).
  • Problems in intimate life, lack of a sexual partner, sexual relations of insufficient quality. Decreased libido will cause an imbalance in sex hormones.
  • Inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs (endometriosis, fibroids, polycystic ovaries) will lead to hormonal disruption and an increase in estrogen in the blood and the risk of mastopathy.
  • An increase in estrogen will lead to a violation of the liver, it is an organ that produces steroid hormones. And also a violation in the endocrine system, the thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland, is involved in the metabolism of estrogen.
  • Violation in the work of the organs that make up endocrine system, will affect the work of the ovaries (diabetes mellitus, pathological processes in the thyroid gland).
  • Frequent stress, psychological overload, dissatisfaction with lifestyle or wrong lifestyle (alcohol, drug and smoking). Low material standard of living, poor quality food.
  • Genetic predisposition, heredity.

The cause of the development of mastopathy and an increase in lymph nodes may be one or several factors at the same time. You can examine yourself on your own and if the suspicions are confirmed, a consultation with a mammologist is necessary.

Self-diagnosis

To prevent the appearance of mastopathy and the consequences associated with it, every woman who has reached the age of majority should undergo a preventive examination. If such an opportunity is not provided, then once a month you can make a self-diagnosis of the mammary glands and armpits for the development of mastopathy and associated inflammatory processes in the lymph nodes.

Self-examination is recommended for 4-5 days of the menstrual cycle. With the help of palpation, the surface of the chest is examined. It should be soft without seals. The skin is elastic, the color does not differ from the color of the skin of the whole body. During the examination, the absence of painful discomfort is mandatory. In this case, mastopathy is absent and there will be no changes in the lymph nodes.

The examination under the armpits must be carried out with the arm raised. The site is examined by palpation. It should not have seals, skin tightness with visually defined redness. The pressure on the surface of the armpits is painless. The inflammatory process of the lymph nodes is not observed, which is evidence of the absence of mastopathy. But, if such signs appear:

  • the periodic ability of the lymph nodes to increase in the armpit, during menstruation;
  • there were suspicions of changes in the area of ​​the mammary glands;
  • appeared when the nipples are compressed, a clear liquid or yellow-white color is released;
  • the asymmetry of the chest is visually noticeable;
  • sunken nipple relative to the other.

If signs are present, you need to seek advice and help from a specialist.

Diagnostics

The lymph nodes under the armpit can swell for a number of reasons. To make a diagnosis, the mammologist examines the anamnesis by questioning what the patient was sick with when the first signs of mastopathy appeared. Along with the palpation method, the doctor prescribes a number of measures to identify the cause of the inflammatory process in the lymph nodes. Diagnostics is based on a comprehensive study:

  • blood test for increased level hormone;
  • ultrasound examination of the problem area, carried out on the seventh day after menstruation, at this time the mammary glands are in a "calm" state, this makes it possible to accurately determine the presence of lymph nodes or is it an additional lobule of the mammary gland;
  • mammography of the mammary glands, will help determine the cause;
  • a biopsy will exclude or confirm oncology, the tissue affected by mastopathy is taken under local anesthesia;
  • cytological examination of a sample of secreted nipple fluid.

It is possible that the diagnosis is complex, a biopsy under the control of ultrasound. Joint techniques will give a clear picture of which neoplasm in the chest gave impetus to the inflammatory process under the armpits in mastopathy. After a comprehensive diagnosis and diagnosis, treatment is prescribed individually for each individual case.

Treatment methods

If diagnosed, conservative therapy is prescribed. If the mastopathy is cystic in nature and drug treatment did not give a result, they resort to surgical intervention.

In order to effectively treat lymph nodes with fibroadenomatosis, it is necessary to exclude the cause of their formation. Conservative treatment is aimed primarily at normalizing hormonal levels, taking into account the clinical course of mastopathy. Includes:

  • A, B6, E, C to normalize progestogen in the mammary glands and stop the formation of mastopathy and hyperplasia of the lymphatic system.
  • Use of iodine if there are no pathological changes in the thyroid gland.
  • Hepatoprotectors are prescribed if a disease of the liver or biliary system is diagnosed for mastopathy.
  • in the form of ointments on the problem area of ​​the location of mastopathy.
  • Prescribed means for the normalization of prolactin, hormonal drugs, oral contraceptives, gestagens in the form of tablets, antiestrogens. This group is prescribed by a doctor with an individual dosage, self-medication hormonal drugs mastopathy and lymph nodes are not recommended.

Surgical intervention is used in the case of cystic formations. When drug treatment will not give the desired effect, and time will be lost. Against the background of a benign course of the disease, there is a risk of developing cancer cells. If it hurts under the armpit, this symptom is mandatory, for contacting a doctor in order to exclude oncology.

Preventive measures

The following measures can be attributed to the prevention of mastopathy and inflammation of the lymph nodes:

  • the first birth before the age of twenty-five, followed by breastfeeding until the child reaches one year of age, the presence of two or more children in the family will reduce the risk of mastopathy and inflammation of the lymph nodes to a minimum;
  • regular sexual relations;
  • surgical termination of pregnancy (abortion) is not recommended;
  • the use of contraceptives as prescribed by the gynecologist and taking under his control;
  • the diet should be selected with the minimum use of products that contribute to the increased production of estrogens (salty, fatty foods) provoking the development of mastopathy and lymph nodes;
  • lead an active healthy lifestyle, avoid mechanical damage to the chest, choose non-squeezing underwear.

Avoid all kinds of stress and chronic depression. Take care of your health by periodically visiting a mammologist. A timely identified problem associated with mastopathy will exclude the possibility of oncology in the future.

Mastopathy is a pathological proliferation of benign tissues, the formation of nodes and cysts in the mammary gland. The disease can appear at any age, but 20-45-year-old women are most susceptible to it. The pathology can be determined by a number of specific symptoms, such as: chest pains, swelling, changes in the shape of the glands, discharge from the nipples, etc. The presence of specific characteristic signs depends on the degree of development of the disease, its type.

Many patients with mastopathy find enlargement of the axillary or, less commonly, supraclavicular lymph nodes. This is an alarming sign that requires a detailed examination to determine the cause of such changes.

The lymph nodes

Lymph nodes are an important part of everyone's immune system. In total, there are more than 500 such organs in the body, of which 12-45 can be under the arm. All of them form a system that acts as a mechanical and biological filter that prevents hostile elements from entering the circulatory system:

  • foreign particles,
  • bacterial infection
  • malignant cells,
  • toxic substances,
  • foreign proteins.

If the organs and systems function normally, pathological processes do not occur in them, the lymph nodes work unchanged. In a normal state, the size of the lymph node is about 0.5 cm. the main task consists in cleansing the body of infections, an attack by foreign objects force the nodes to work more actively - to become inflamed. An increase in volume, the appearance of painful sensations (signs of lymphadenopathy) when performing sudden movements or palpation indicate that a disease has appeared in the part of the body where this lymph node is located.

Having found any sign of inflammation of the lymph node, you should immediately see a specialist. Early diagnosis of the disease is the key to a successful cure.

Lymph nodes associated with breast health conditions

With mastopathy, inflammation of the lymph nodes located under the armpits occurs, since it is here that the outflow of lymph from the tissues of the mammary glands is directed. Axillary lymph nodes are also called axillary. They cleanse almost 75% of all lymph in the mammary glands, protecting the adjacent tissues and organs from foreign agents. Most often, these lymph nodes react with an increase in size, as well as an increase in sensitivity to inflammatory or oncological diseases of the mammary glands.

Sometimes the supraclavicular and subclavian elements of the defense system can be involved in the inflammatory process associated with a benign proliferation of breast tissue. These groups of lymph nodes are paired organs located on both sides of the clavicle (above and below).

Monitoring the condition of the breast and regional lymph nodes

An increase in the size of the lymph nodes under the armpit, as well as the supraclavicular / subclavian ones, is a serious criterion in the diagnosis of breast cancer. In order to detect signs of the disease in a timely manner at an early stage, experts strongly recommend that all women over 20 years of age:

  • conduct an independent monthly check of the mammary glands and armpits;
  • visit a mammologist at least once a year for a preventive examination.

Women of reproductive age should devote one of the days from the 5th to the 12th from the beginning of the menstrual cycle. Ladies who have already entered menopause can be examined / examined on any day of the month.

Unchanged nodes normally have an elastic consistency and seem soft to the touch. On visual inspection, the place of their localization is imperceptible.

You should pay attention to the condition of the skin under the armpits. If there is nothing unusual (soreness, swelling, redness), do not worry. Lymph nodes are small and not palpable, but when a danger is detected, their activity increases, an increase occurs. In this case, you must immediately undergo a medical examination.

Lymph node tissue changes

Diffuse and nodular mastopathy proceeds mainly without changes in the characteristics of the nearby lymph nodes. But in a small proportion of patients diagnosed with fibrocystic dysplasia (approximately in 10 cases out of 100), lymphadenopathy is observed, expressed to a greater or lesser extent.

The appearance of inflammation and painful sensations has a close relationship with the frequency of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms begin or worsen about a week before the onset of the discharge and go away with the end. Sometimes pathological changes in the lymph nodes take the following form:

  • The elongated oval shape is transformed into a round one.
  • They increase in size so much that they can be detected on palpation.
  • They become harder, lose mobility.

Self-diagnosis

Self-examination of lymph nodes located close to the chest should be performed as follows:

  1. Take off your clothes, exposing them above the waist.
  2. Raise your hand up, bend at the elbow, wrap your hand behind your head.
  3. Place the fingers of the other hand on the armpit area.
  4. Gradually lower the raised hand, at this time, gently feel the soft tissues, trying to find unusual seals.
  5. If, during self-examination, a woman found small, small-bean-like formations, these are normal lymph nodes. Overweight ladies without certain knowledge and skills will find them much more difficult.

The greatest attention should be paid to the so-called Zorgius node (or "watchdog" node). It is the first object of the lymphatic system on the main pathway of lymph drainage from the mammary gland. Located at the intersection of the third rib and the lower extreme line of the pectoralis major muscle.

The "sentinel" node takes the first blow in case of mastopathic changes in breast tissue and is most susceptible to the introduction of malignant cells when oncology appears.

If dense new formations are found in the chest, while the regional lymph nodes are immobile, connected to the tissues and have a size of 1 cm or more, you should immediately go to the doctor's office. Of particular concern should be caused by lymphadenopathic changes that have occurred on only one side.

Medical examination

To diagnose and decide on necessary treatment, the doctor should find out in detail:

  • Medical history. Establish when exactly the seals appeared under the armpit. Whether the severity of symptoms is related to the menstrual cycle.
  • Patient complaints. Places in which pain appeared or round dense formations were found.
  • The presence of discharge from the nipple (may be yellow, greenish, brown, mixed with blood).
  • Have you had any previous breast surgery?
  • The regularity of the menstrual cycle, its duration, the usual course.
  • Ovarian pathologies.
  • The regularity of sexual activity.
  • Taking contraceptives, what drugs. Age when it was first used.
  • The presence of diseases of the breast, endocrine system and cases of cancer in close female relatives.
  • Information about abortions, miscarriages, childbirth. What complications have arisen in connection with this.
  • Existing diseases of the reproductive system, other organs (acute, chronic).
  • Whether there has been a significant decrease / increase in body weight.

Visual examination and palpation of the mammary glands should include:

  • assessment of how much the axillary, supraclavicular, subclavian glands are enlarged;
  • the location of the palpable node;
  • the number of enlarged nodes;
  • characteristic of the shape of the nodes;
  • pain on palpation;
  • the knot is movable or soldered to nearby tissues;
  • what consistency it has (dense, soft, etc.);
  • sizes, boundaries of nodes;
  • surface characteristic.

The specialist will formulate a preliminary diagnosis and recommend a number of examinations, tests that can confirm / deny it.

  • An ultrasound scan (ultrasound) will show if there is a change in the tissues of the lymph node.
  • Women after 40 years of age need to have a mammogram every year - an X-ray of the mammary glands. This type of diagnosis is the most informative.
  • If the ultrasound reveals an increase and change in the structure of breast tissue and lymph nodes, a puncture biopsy is indicated. A small particle of material is taken for cytological examination. It will determine the stage, the nature of tissue changes.

Treatment

Pathologically altered lymph nodes with mastopathy can be treated only in the vein of the underlying disease. In no case should you make independent decisions when choosing a method. An effective treatment regimen should be selected only by a doctor and carried out under his supervision.

A set of therapeutic measures may include:

  • Correction of nutrition.
  • Taking vitamins of group B, C, A, E or special complexes.
  • Choosing a comfortable natural bra, minimizing the time of wearing it.
  • Taking sedatives.
  • Correction of hormonal status.
  • Strengthening immunity with herbal remedies or medicines.
  • With inflammation of the lymph nodes, it is necessary to take antibiotics (inside, compresses locally).
  • The course of electrophoresis, ultrasound procedures (if oncology is excluded).
  • Removal of lymph nodes (if necessary).
  • The course of chemotherapy and radiation therapy(with established oncopathologies).

According to the WHO, every fourth woman under 30 has signs of mastopathy, and after 40 - in 60% of those examined. The disease itself rarely degenerates into a malignant oncological pathology, but serves as a background for cancer. So, in 60 - 70% of women with this disappointing diagnosis, some signs of mastopathy were found. Self-examination of the mammary glands, regular preventive examinations and extended examination according to indications are the key to breast health. Can lymph nodes be enlarged with mastopathy? When is it worth sounding the alarm and running to the doctor? To answer, you need to understand the causes and symptoms of the disease.

Read in this article

Mastopathy includes a large group of benign breast diseases. All of them are united by the uneven growth of tissues - glandular, epithelial, stromal components. As a result, cysts of various sizes and even their groups, seals of various nature, etc. can form. All this is accompanied by certain clinical symptoms.

Such disorders are based on an imbalance of sex hormones: estrogens, progesterone and prolactin. Each of them affects the breast tissue in a certain way, and their non-physiological fluctuations during the cycle cause the clinic of mastopathy.

Prolactin stimulates the growth of mammary glands and their special transformation, aimed at further preparation for lactation. It increases the sensitivity of organ tissues to the effects of the main female sex hormone - estradiol. It is he from the group of estrogens that is responsible for the increased formation of ducts, cell division and the appearance of new acini - lobules, increases the blood supply to the breast and its ability to accumulate fluid. Progesterone, on the other hand, inhibits these processes to some extent, thereby establishing balance and ensuring the health of the breast.

The reasons for the development of pathology

An increase in the amount of estradiol and a decrease in progesterone - this is the ratio that is more often observed in women with mastopathy. And with overestimated values ​​of prolactin, breast tissue becomes even more sensitive to the action of estrogens.

You can also distinguish a number of reasons that lead to an imbalance of sex hormones, and therefore to the appearance of mastopathy. These include:

  • Psycho-emotional overload, stress, dissatisfaction with their own family and social status. This leads to disruption of the cyclic work of the endocrine organs and the nervous system, there is a disorder in the connections between the systems.
  • Features of a reproductive nature. This includes (before 10 - 11 years old), late (after 50 - 55 years), the onset of sexual activity after 30 years, termination of pregnancies, especially the first, a small number of children and the absence or insufficient breastfeeding (less than a year), as well as some others. ...
  • Inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs also contribute to the development of mastopathy.
  • Hormonal imbalance due to gynecological pathology. For example, with endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia, uterine myoma, polycystic ovary disease, etc. All these conditions are associated with an increase in the level of estrogens in the blood, which stimulate tissue proliferation and the formation of nodules, cystic changes, etc.
  • Problems in the sexual sphere (dissatisfaction, discomfort, decreased libido) are also a sign of both hormonal imbalance and some other pathology. As a result of all this, mastopathy develops.
  • All endocrine disorders lead to changes in the work of the ovaries. Mastopathy develops against the background diabetes mellitus, pathology of the thyroid gland, with metabolic syndrome and others. Most often, this pathology is associated with hypo- and hyperthyroidism. This is due to the fact that the regulation of the functions of the thyroid gland and the ovaries are carried out in similar areas of the pituitary gland. It is also influenced by the fact that thyroid hormones play an important role in the metabolic functions of the body, including the metabolism of estrogens and gestagens.
  • Disruption of the liver and biliary tract. The fact is that the production and level of estrogen largely depend on this. This is due to the fact that the liver is a "plant" for the processing and release of steroid (sex) hormones.
  • Hereditary predisposition to mastopathy.

All of the above shows that pathology develops under a combination of reasons. Today, it is rare to find a woman who would not have noted for herself several of the above points.

Characteristic signs and symptoms

Each form of mastopathy has its own characteristics of manifestation. But it is possible to single out the features common to all.

Pain (mastalgia)

Typically on initial stage the development of mastalgia in women either does not bother, or they do not pay attention to minor discomfort in the mammary glands. In the future, the pain has a brighter color and its appearance is clearly determined 7 to 10 days before the next menstruation.

The character can be aching, stabbing, sharp, pulling and others. Sometimes the chest cannot be touched due to unpleasant sensations... On days 1 - 2 of the cycle, the pain usually gradually disappears.

Mammalgia

In addition to mastalgia, mastodynia is characteristic - an increase and edema of both mammary glands. Sometimes women determine the axillary lymph nodes with mastopathy. In most cases, these are not them, but additional lobules. Such formations undergo the same cyclical changes as the mammary glands. Therefore, additional lobules are easy to distinguish from lymph nodes: the first always appear on the eve of menstruation, bring pain and discomfort, and disappear in the first days of the cycle.

Both processes, mastalgia and matodynia, are associated with excessive accumulation of the liquid part of the blood in the tissues of the mammary gland. This is due to an excess of estrogen.

Discharge from the nipples

Normally, discharge from the mammary glands can be present during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as within two years after the end of lactation. Everything else is signs of mastopathy.

As a rule, discharge appears only with pressure on the nipple. They can be transparent, milky, greenish or yellowish. An admixture of blood in the discharge is an alarm signal, if found, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Definition of entities

Often, with mastopathy, during palpation of the mammary glands, seals of various shapes and sizes will be determined. They are painless, motionless, not soldered to the surrounding tissues. If any seals are found, you should consult a doctor for examination and further examination, as it may also be a malignant tumor.

Can lymph nodes increase with mastopathy? If the pathology proceeds without any complications, then there should be no temperature or any formations in the armpit. An exception is an additional lobule of the mammary gland; in case of mastopathy, it sometimes looks like an enlarged and painful "lymph node".

Diagnostics

Identification of mastopathy is not difficult with careful questioning of a woman. Complaints of pain, swelling and enlargement of the mammary glands on the eve of menstruation are the main signs of pathology. Also, palpation can determine the heterogeneity of the tissue structure, seals. As a rule, they are small in size, sometimes resemble "graininess" in the chest, are not soldered to the surrounding tissues, often of irregular shape.

To clarify the diagnosis, it is necessary in all cases to conduct an additional examination, primarily to completely exclude the malignant process. For this purpose, carry out:

  • . This is the most informative procedure for girls of reproductive age. An ultrasound scan should be performed on the 5-7th day of the menstrual cycle, at which time the mammary glands are "calm" and the result will be the most reliable.
  • . This study is more often used for women in menopause. It is when the mammary glands are in the stage of involutive changes that mammography shows the true picture.
  • . This procedure it is not always used, but if a malignant process is suspected or to clarify the diagnosis. It is carried out both on an outpatient and inpatient basis, as a rule, under local anesthesia.
  • It is used for the diagnosis of intraductal papillomas. As a result of the study, it is possible to clarify any formation inside and confirm the diagnosis.

Often several methods are used simultaneously, for example, biopsy under the control of ultrasound of the mammary glands, etc.

If a woman has mastopathy and the lymph nodes under the armpit are determined for some time, then an ultrasound examination is also performed after the examination. It helps differentiate education. It can be either a lymph node or an additional breast lobule.

What will inflamed lymph nodes indicate?

The definition of rounded formations in the armpit does not always indicate that these are lymph nodes. Under the following conditions, these changes can be detected:

Symptom What's happening
Inflammation in the mammary gland Infectious pathology can develop both during lactation and outside of it. Sometimes there is suppuration of a cyst or hematoma in the mammary gland. In such situations, rounded formations in the armpit will be painful, several pieces are determined. Also, in most cases, the general state of health suffers: the body temperature rises, pain in the affected mammary gland, the skin over the pathological area on the chest becomes red. The fact that the lymph nodes are enlarged, with mastopathy, including, in such situations, speaks of inflammation in the nearby structures.
Inflammation in the upper limb Any infection of the hand or other part of the arm can lead to swollen lymph nodes in the armpit. This is due to the fact that blood from the fingertips flows through the veins into the subclavian and further into the upper cavity.
Lymphogranulomatosis Oncological pathology with damage to the lymph nodes. Moreover, often the first manifestations of the disease can be found precisely in the armpit. As a rule, the group of lymph nodes increases at once and then the "clusters" are determined.
Malignant neoplasm If during an oncological process something like that is found in the armpit, then most likely it is already metastases. Including when located in the upper-outer part of the organ, this group first of all increases.
Additional lobule of the mammary gland It is found in 5 - 10% of women, and often they believe that it hurts the lymph nodes with mastopathy. If such rounded formations appear on the eve of menstruation, their soreness appears, then first of all it is necessary to exclude the variant of the anatomical norm - an additional lobule of the mammary gland.

Pathology treatment

Therapy for mastopathy depends on its form. With diffuse, a conservative, including hormonal, method of treatment is used. With nodal, surgical intervention is preferred.

Conservative therapy

The basis of treatment in this case is based on the alleged theory of the development of pathology. The essence of the method is to apply different ways to increase the level of gestagens in the breast tissue.

Vitamin therapy is always prescribed - group A and E, B6, P, C. They can be used in the form of complexes or separately. Vitamin A reduces the effect of estrogen on breast tissue, and E enhances the effect of progesterone. Group P and C improve blood supply and fluid outflow during the premenstrual period. Vitamin B6 lowers blood prolactin levels to some extent. It is also helpful to use iodine. This trace element regulates the formation of estrogens and gestagens in the body. But iodine should be prescribed with caution in the pathology of the thyroid gland.

If a woman has liver and biliary tract diseases, hepatoprotectors are included in the complex therapy.

It is useful to prescribe herbal preparations to increase the adaptive properties of the body, for example, tincture of Eleutherococcus, radiola rosea and the like.

With pronounced engorgement of the mammary glands on the eve of menstruation, it is recommended to use light diuretics, including those on a plant basis.

Progestational drugs are also used, most often in the form of gels and ointments for topical use. The advantages of this form of drugs are that they enter the systemic circulation in minimal quantities, acting at the level of the mammary glands.

Hormonal drugs are also used in tablet form. It can be drugs of different groups: antiestrogens, gestagens, androgens, drugs to reduce the amount of prolactin and others. But their appointment is determined only by the doctor.

It is also possible to use different methods. traditional medicine: decoctions, infusions, etc. They are also available in the form of tablets, for example, the drug "Mastodinon" and others.

Operative treatment

Surgical intervention is preferable for all nodular forms. This is due to the fact that often in such situations, an unfavorable tumor is hidden behind a benign process.

There are frequent cases when mastopathy is found in such situations, an increase in lymph nodes, which is another proof of the possibility of a malignant formation.

The volume of surgery is determined after an additional examination. In most cases, this is a sectoral resection or even just removal of the tumor with an urgent histological examination, after which the operation can either be completed or its course can be changed.

When to sound the alarm

Sometimes the line between a benign and a malignant process is very thin. But there are clear signs of cancer, if found, you should immediately contact a specialist. These include:

  • asymmetry of the mammary glands, which was not there before;
  • nipple retraction symptom;
  • definition of tumor formation;
  • the symptom of "orange peel" on the skin of the breast due to its swelling;
  • discharge from the nipples, especially bloody;
  • discoloration of the skin and pain in the mammary gland.

But you should be aware that often breast cancer is asymptomatic, especially in the initial stages. Therefore, regular examination is extremely important, especially for women at risk.

Mastopathy is a dyshormonal disease of the mammary glands. The prevalence of pathology, the discomfort it brings, as well as the latent course of cancer against the background of it obliges doctors of all specialties to examine the breast at each appointment. If mastopathy is found, the lymph nodes are inflamed, you should immediately consult a doctor. Only he will be able to establish the cause and prescribe an effective treatment.




Recommended to read