The real school (shelter) of Prince P.G. Oldenburgsky. Main building. The third generation of the Russian branch of the Oldenburg ducal house

SHELTER OF PRINCE PETER GEORGIEVICH OF OLDENBURGSKY

In 1842, Prince Peter Georgievich Oldenburgsky took under his patronage the night children's shelter opened in 1841 in the Christmas part, on 5th street. (now 5th Sovetskaya St.). In 1845, another shelter with an almshouse for 30 women was opened in the 2nd Admiralty unit, along Glukhoy Lane. (now Pirogov lane), in the house of Laktaev. In 1846, with the permission of Emperor Nicholas I, the prince acquired two adjacent stone houses with a courtyard and a garden at the corner of Glukhoy Lane. and Laundry lane. Both charitable institutions moved here, and on June 28, 1846 they were merged - this day was considered the date of the founding of the Orphanage of Prince PG Oldenburgsky.

Until 1848, the orphanage was headed by the collegiate councilor Lemson, under whom the first charter of the orphanage was approved (1847). The head of the Committee of the institution was appointed director of the St. Petersburg Commercial School No. owls. bar. von Von-Dering.

At first, there were 300 children of both sexes in the orphanage who were deprived of the opportunity to receive education in a family - most of them were orphans and half-orphans. They were given only elementary education, moreover, the main attention was paid to teaching various skills that would give the graduates of the orphanage the opportunity to earn their living by manual labor. New women were not accepted into the almshouse, and it ceased to exist when the last women who were nursed in it died.

In 1857, the new charter of the orphanage was approved, and on June 29, 1860, its new building was laid on the former Izmailovsky parade ground (corner of the 12th company of the Izmailovsky regiment and Drovyanoy street, now 12th Krasnoarmeyskaya street, 36-40). This site was transferred to the orphanage free of charge by the City General Duma. The old buildings were sold by the orphanage to a famous stake benefactor. owls. S. D. Voronin for 100,000 rubles. The new four-storey building of the orphanage, designed by the architect G. H. Stegeman, was consecrated October 22, 1861, and on December 5 of the same year in the presence of Prince P.G. Oldenburgsky and led. book Nikolai Nikolaevich the Elder and his wife consecrated the house church in the name of the icon of the Mother of God Soothe my sorrows. All expenses for the arrangement of the church were given by S. D. Voronin.

Male and female departments of the shelter curricula gradually approached the type of average educational institutions, with the only difference that, in addition to general education subjects, a lot of time was devoted to teaching skills and handicrafts. On December 31, 1890, by the highest will, the orphanage was granted the rights of state-owned real schools: the statute on the orphanage of Prince Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg was approved by law, equating its departments for rights with educational institutions of the Ministry of Public Education. Employees in the shelter, full members of the Board of Trustees, persons of teaching and educational personnel and administration received the rights public service, and graduates of the orphanage - the opportunity to continue their studies in higher educational institutions. The “Regulations” stated: “1. Shelter<…>aims at the upbringing and education of children of both sexes, mainly orphans, without distinction of their origin, status and religion. 2. The orphanage consists of male and female departments, and the first is subdivided into: a) real, b) lower mechanical and technical, and c) handicraft. 3. The shelter is under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior. The main management of this belongs to the trustee and the Board of Trustees attached to him, and direct management is entrusted to the director, with the assistance of the pedagogical and economic committees.<…>28. The trustee of the orphanage is appointed, with the highest permission, the eldest descendant of the deceased in Bose, Prince Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg.<…>32. The board of trustees of the shelter is made up of the chairman and members: full-time, honorary and benefactors. The director of the shelter, according to his position, is a full member of the council.<…>34. In favor of the shelter is made: the chairman of the board of trustees - at their discretion, the vice-chairman and full members - at least 500 rubles. annually, honorary - from 5,000 to 10,000 rubles. at a time or at least 300 rubles. annually. 35. An honorary member of the board of trustees who donated over 10,000 rubles to the shelter is entitled to transfer the title of honorary member to his eldest son. "

By the early 1900s, the orphanage, the trustee of which was the founder's second son, Prince Alexander Petrovich of Oldenburg, consisted of several educational institutions, both male and female. In his building, which is 1896 was built on the fifth floor by the architect V. V. Schaub and occupied an area of more than 3,500 sq. sazhen, there were: a female gymnasium with preparatory and 8th pedagogical classes and a female handicraft department; male departments - 7-grade real with a preparatory class, 4-grade mechanical and technical (lower) and 3-grade vocational school.

In 1900, a branch of the orphanage was opened in Luga, in a manor donated to him by the local City Administration. In 1904, in the same estate, the orphanage opened a department for minors of both sexes, starting from the age of 4. In 1901, the orphanage opened a female gymnasium department for incoming students in Lesnoye, on his own plot of land bequeathed to him by the late chairman of the Board of Trustees F.I.Bazilevsky (Bolshaya Spasskaya St., now Nepokorenykh Ave., opposite 6, on the territory of the Krasny October"),. A church in the name of the Great Martyr operated here. Fyodor Stratilat. In 1903, the orphanage founded a health school on the Black Sea coast, in Gagra, where children studied, who were forced to live in a warm climate due to their health. At the Gagra branch, a folk elementary school was founded with joint education of children of both sexes... As of 1913, only 1,837 children studied at the orphanage and its out-of-town departments, of which 967 are interns (i.e. paid), including: in the real department - 612 boys (including 424 interns), in mechanics -the technical department - 108 boys (including 76 interns), in the craft department - 20 boys (including 18 interns), in the women's gymnasium - 335 girls (including 183 interns), in the handicraft department - 10 girls (including 7 interns), in the Luga real department - 314 children (including 185 interns), in the Luga juvenile department - 22 children (all interns), in the Forest Women's Department - 150 children, in Gagra real department - 130 children (41 interns), in the Gagra public school - 136 children (including 11 interns). Some students were scholars of the august trustee, members of his family and other eminent persons, about 100 children were brought up on scholarships and funds from the Board of Trustees, about 30 were scholars of the City Duma, payments for many children were paid by various institutions and private benefactors.

The interns studying at their own expense paid from 250 to 350 rubles, depending on the department, and this fee was much less than that charged by other educational institutions of the same program. For incoming pupils in St. Petersburg and Luga, the tuition fee was 100 rubles, and in Gagra - 60 rubles. in a real office and 3-6 rubles. in primary school. The fees charged by the shelter for education did not cover the costs reaching (in all departments) 475,000 rubles. in year. The lack of funds was made up for by membership fees and private donations, the total amount of which ranged from 60,000 to 100,000 rubles. in year.

In the 1910s, the chairman of the Board of Trustees was the chamberlain L.V. Golubev, the vice-chairman was the chamberlain prince. A. D. Lvov; the direct management of the shelter was carried out by the director of the DS. F.F. Rosset. At the head of each department of the orphanage were the directors. The treasurer of the orphanage was d.s.s. A. L. Vekshin. The activity of the orphanage ceased after the revolution. Currently, the building of the shelter and educational departments, rebuilt after the war, is occupied by the Higher Naval School of Diving.

The selection is mine. I sent photos.

In the eighth year, he lost his mother and, at her request, expressed by the princess before her death, was taken to Oldenburg to his grandfather, Duke of Oldenburg Peter-Friedrich-Ludwig, where he received further education together with his older brother, Prince Friedrich-Paul-Alexander. ... Among other things, ancient and new languages, geometry, geography, and also the Russian language were included in the circle of sciences that the prince was supposed to pass. V Lately During his stay in Oldenburg, the prince studied law and logic with particular love under the guidance of Christian Runde. In 1829, according to the Peace of Adrianople, Greece gained political independence and some diplomats of that time named the Prince of Oldenburg as a candidate for the Greek throne. But at the end of 1830, Emperor Nicholas I summoned the prince (his nephew) to the Russian service.

In 1834 he left military service. The reason for the transition to civil service was the following case (known from the words of Polovtsov, to whom the prince himself told). During his service in the Preobrazhensky regiment, the prince had, by official duty, to be present at the corporal punishment of a woman, and the soldiers were struck with canes on her bare shoulders. Outraged by such a picture, the prince from the place of execution went to the then Minister of Internal Affairs, Count Bludov and told him that he would never again take part in the orders for the execution of such a punishment, which did not exist among any enlightened people, and therefore asked to report to the Emperor his request for resignation. The prince was appointed a member of the consultation with the Minister of Justice, and thereafter (April 23, 1834) by the senator.

Imperial School of Jurisprudence

In the new place, the prince quickly became convinced that Russia sorely lacks officials with a legal education, and that this requires a special legal institution of higher education. The prince worked out in detail the project of the new "School of Jurisprudence" and presented it to the sovereign's discretion, promising to donate the amount necessary for the purchase of a house and the initial establishment of the school. The prince's letter with the project, dated October 26, 1834, was handed over to M.M.Speransky by the Emperor, with the inscription:

On May 29, 1835, the State Council had already considered and approved the project and staff of the School of Jurisprudence worked out by the prince, together with Speransky, and on the third day followed by the Imperial Rescript, to which the prince was entrusted with the structure of the school. By the end of November of the same 1835, the building at the corner of Fontanka and Sergievskaya Street (now Tchaikovsky Street), bought at the expense of the prince, was altered and adapted to open a school in it (while the acquisition of the building and its adaptation and furnishing cost the prince more than 1 million rubles ). On December 5, 1835, a solemn, in the presence of the sovereign-emperor, the opening of the school followed. On the same day, by the Highest Rescript, the prince was approved as a trustee of the school and was awarded the Knight Commander of the Order of St. Vladimir of the 2nd degree. From the moment the school was founded until his death, for almost half a century, the prince did not abandon the most cordial concerns about this institution.

Social activity

There are references to the bust of the Prince of Oldenburg, located "at the Warsaw station". Probably, the bust was installed not at the station, but at the building of the Free Economic Society (4th Krasnoarmeiskaya, 1/33), whose president was Pyotr Georgievich.

An excerpt characterizing Oldenburgsky, Petr Georgievich

- Sell the horse! - Denisov shouted to the Cossack.
- Please, your honor ...
The officers stood up and surrounded the Cossacks and the captured Frenchman. The French dragoon was a young fellow, Alsatian, who spoke French with a German accent. He was gasping for breath with excitement, his face was red, and, hearing French, he quickly spoke to the officers, referring now to one or the other. He said that he would not have been taken; that it was not his fault that he was taken, but the fault of le caporal, who sent him to seize the blankets, that he told him that the Russians were already there. And to every word he added: mais qu "on ne fasse pas de mal a mon petit cheval [But do not offend my horse,] and caressed his horse. It was evident that he did not understand well where he was. He then apologized, that he was taken, then, assuming before him his superiors, he showed his soldier's serviceability and solicitude for the service. He brought with him to our rearguard in all the freshness of the atmosphere of the French army, which was so alien to us.
The Cossacks gave the horse for two ducats, and Rostov, now, having received the money, the richest of the officers, bought it.
"Mais qu" on ne fasse pas de mal a mon petit cheval, "the Alsatian said good-naturedly to Rostov when the horse was handed over to the hussar.
Rostov, smiling, calmed the dragoon and gave him money.
- Hello! Hello! - said the Cossack, touching the prisoner by the hand so that he went on.
- Sovereign! Sovereign! - was suddenly heard between the hussars.
Everything ran, in a hurry, and Rostov saw from behind on the road several riders approaching with white sultans on their hats. In one minute everyone was in their places and waiting. Rostov did not remember and did not feel how he ran to his place and got on the horse. Instantly passed his regret for not participating in the case, his everyday disposition in the circle of the people who looked closely, instantly disappeared all thought of himself: he was completely absorbed in the feeling of happiness arising from the proximity of the sovereign. He felt that this closeness alone was rewarded for the loss of this day. He was as happy as a lover waiting for the expected date. Not daring to look around at the front and not looking back, he felt his approach with an enthusiastic instinct. And he felt it not only from the sound of the horses' hooves of the approaching cavalcade, but he felt it because, as he approached, everything became brighter, more joyful and significant and festive around him. This sun was moving closer and closer for Rostov, spreading rays of gentle and majestic light around him, and now he already feels himself captured by these rays, he hears his voice - this gentle, calm, majestic and at the same time so simple voice. As it should have been according to Rostov's feelings, there was a dead silence, and in this silence the sounds of the sovereign's voice were heard.
- Les huzards de Pavlograd? [Pavlograd hussars?] - he said interrogatively.
- La reserve, sire! [Reserve, your majesty!] - answered someone else's voice, so human after that inhuman voice that said: Les huzards de Pavlograd?
The sovereign drew level with Rostov and stopped. Alexander's face was even more beautiful than it had been three days ago. It shone with such gaiety and youth, such innocent youth that it resembled a childish fourteen-year-old agility, and at the same time it was all the same the face of a majestic emperor. Accidentally looking around the squadron, the eyes of the sovereign met those of Rostov and stopped on them for no more than two seconds. Did the sovereign understand what was happening in Rostov's soul (it seemed to Rostov that he understood everything), but he looked for two seconds with his blue eyes in the face of Rostov. (Light poured softly and meekly from them.) Then suddenly he raised his eyebrows, with a sharp movement kicked the horse with his left foot, and galloped forward.
The young emperor could not refrain from wanting to be present at the battle and, despite all the representations of the courtiers, at 12 o'clock, having separated from the 3rd column, under which he followed, galloped to the vanguard. Before reaching the hussars, several adjutants greeted him with the news of a happy outcome of the case.
The battle, which consisted only in the fact that the squadron of the French was captured, was presented as a brilliant victory over the French, and therefore the sovereign and the entire army, especially after the powder smoke had not yet dispersed on the battlefield, believed that the French were defeated and were retreating against their will. A few minutes after the emperor had passed, the Pavlograd division was demanded to advance. In Wishau itself, a small German town, Rostov once again saw the sovereign. On the square of the city, on which there was a fairly strong firefight before the arrival of the sovereign, several people were killed and wounded, whom they did not have time to pick up. The Emperor, surrounded by a retinue of military and non-military, was on a red-haired, already different than on inspection, an englised mare and, leaning on his side, holding a golden lorgnette with a graceful gesture to his eye, looked into him at a soldier lying prone, without a shako, with a bloody head. The wounded soldier was so unclean, rude and nasty that Rostov was offended by his closeness to the sovereign. Rostov saw how the stooped shoulders of the sovereign shuddered, as if from the passing frost, how his left leg convulsively began to beat the horse's side with a spur, and how the trained horse looked around indifferently and did not move. The adjutant dismounted from the horse took the soldier by the arms and began to put him on the stretcher that appeared. The soldier groaned.
- Quiet, quieter, can't you quieter? - apparently, suffering more than the dying soldier, said the emperor and rode away.
Rostov saw the tears filling the sovereign's eyes, and heard him, driving away, say in French to Czartorizhsky:
“What a terrible thing is war, what a terrible thing! Quelle terrible chose que la guerre!
The vanguard troops were located in front of Vishau, in view of the enemy's chain, which gave way to us at the slightest skirmish throughout the day. The emperor's gratitude was announced to the vanguard, awards were promised, and people were given a double portion of vodka. Even more merrily than last night, campfires crackled and soldiers' songs were heard.
Denisov that night celebrated his promotion to major, and Rostov, already drunk enough at the end of the feast, proposed a toast to the health of the sovereign, but “not the sovereign of the emperor, as they say at official dinners,” he said, “but to the health of the sovereign, good, a charming and great person; we drink to his health and to a sure victory over the French! "
“If we fought before,” he said, “and did not give the French descent, as at Schöngraben, what will happen now when he is in front? We will all die, we will die with pleasure for him. So gentlemen? Maybe I'm not saying that, I drank a lot; yes, I feel that way, and so do you. To the health of Alexander the first! Urrah!
- Urrah! - the enthusiastic voices of the officers sounded.
And the old captain Kirsten shouted with enthusiasm and no less sincerely than the twenty-year-old Rostov.
When the officers drank and broke their glasses, Kirsten poured others and, in one shirt and leggings, with a glass in hand, walked to the soldiers' fires and in a stately pose, waving his hand up, with his long gray mustache and white chest, visible from behind the opened shirt, stopped in the light of the fire.
- Guys, for the health of the emperor, for the victory over enemies, urrah! - he shouted to his valiant, senile, hussar baritone.
The hussars crowded together and answered in unison with a loud cry.
Late at night, when everyone had dispersed, Denisov patted his favorite Rostov on the shoulder with his short hand.
“There’s no one to fall in love with on a hike, so he’s in love,” he said.
“Denisov, don’t joke with that,” shouted Rostov, “this is such a high, such a wonderful feeling, such ...
- Ve "yu, ve" yu, d "uzhok, and" share and approve "yay ...
- No, you don’t understand!
And Rostov got up and went to wander between the fires, dreaming of what happiness it would be to die without saving his life (he did not dare to dream about this), but simply to die in the eyes of the sovereign. He really was in love with the tsar, and with the glory of Russian arms, and with the hope of a future triumph. And he was not the only one who experienced this feeling in those memorable days preceding the Battle of Austerlitz: nine-tenths of the people of the Russian army at that time were in love, albeit less enthusiastically, with their tsar and the glory of Russian arms.

The next day the emperor stopped at Vishau. Leib medic Villiers was called to him several times. In the main apartment and in the nearest troops, the news spread that the emperor was unwell. He did not eat anything and slept badly that night, as his associates said. The reason for this ill health lay in the strong impression made on the sensitive soul of the sovereign by the sight of the wounded and killed.
At the dawn of the 17th, a French officer was escorted from the outposts to Vishau, who had arrived under the flag of parliament, demanding a meeting with the Russian emperor. This officer was Savary. The sovereign had just fallen asleep, and therefore Savary had to wait. At noon he was admitted to the sovereign and an hour later he went with Prince Dolgorukov to the outposts of the French army.
As was heard, the purpose of sending Savary was to offer a meeting between the Emperor Alexander and Napoleon. A personal meeting, to the joy and pride of the entire army, was refused, and instead of the sovereign, Prince Dolgorukov, the victor at Vishau, was sent along with Savary to negotiate with Napoleon, if these negotiations, against expectations, had a real desire for peace.
In the evening Dolgorukov returned, went straight to the emperor and spent a long time alone with him.
On November 18 and 19, the troops passed two more transitions forward, and the enemy outposts retreated after short skirmishes. In the higher spheres of the army, from noon on the 19th, a strong, busy, agitated movement began, which continued until the morning of the next day, 20th November, on which the so memorable Battle of Austerlitz was fought.
Until noon on the 19th, traffic, lively conversations, running around, sending adjutants were limited to one main apartment of the emperors; in the afternoon of the same day, the movement was transferred to the main apartment of Kutuzov and to the headquarters of the column commanders. In the evening, this movement spread through the adjutants to all ends and parts of the army, and on the night of 19-20 it got up from overnight stays, buzzed with talk and swayed and moved with a huge nine-verst canvas, the 80 thousandth mass of the allied army.
The concentrated movement, which began in the morning in the headquarters of the emperors and gave impetus to all further movement, was similar to the first movement of the middle wheel of a large tower clock. One wheel moved slowly, another turned, a third, and the wheels, blocks, gears began to turn faster and faster, chimes began to play, figures jumped out, and the arrows began to move steadily, showing the result of the movement.
As in the mechanism of the watch, and in the mechanism of military affairs, the once given movement is just as irrepressible to the last result, and just as indifferently motionless, at the moment before the transfer of the movement, the parts of the mechanism that have not yet reached the point. Wheels whistle on the axles, clinging to the teeth, spinning blocks hiss with speed, and the neighboring wheel is just as calm and motionless, as if it is ready to stand this motionlessness for hundreds of years; but the moment came - he hooked the lever, and, submitting to the movement, the wheel cracks, turning, and merges into one action, the result and purpose of which he does not understand.
As in a watch, the result of the complex movement of countless different wheels and blocks is only a slow and steady movement of the hand indicating the time, so is the result of all the complex human movements of these 1000 Russians and French - all passions, desires, remorse, humiliation, suffering, outbursts of pride, fear , the delight of these people - there was only the loss of the Battle of Austerlitz, the so-called battle of the three emperors, that is, the slow movement of the world-historical arrow on the dial of the history of mankind.
Prince Andrew was on duty that day and inseparable from the commander-in-chief.
At 6 o'clock in the evening, Kutuzov arrived at the main apartment of the emperors and, after spending a short time with the sovereign, went to the chief marshal, Count Tolstoy.
Bolkonsky took advantage of this time to visit Dolgorukov to find out about the details of the case. Prince Andrey felt that Kutuzov was upset and dissatisfied with something, and that they were dissatisfied with him in the main apartment, and that all the faces of the imperial headquarters had with him the tone of people who knew something that others did not know; and therefore he wanted to talk to Dolgorukov.
“Well, hello, mon cher,” said Dolgorukov, who was sitting with Bilibin at tea. - Holiday for tomorrow. What's your old man? out of sorts?
“I’m not saying that he was out of sorts, but he seems to want to be heard.
- Yes, they listened to him at the council of war, and they will listen when he talks about the matter; but to hesitate and wait for something now, when Bonaparte is most afraid of a general battle, is impossible.
- Have you seen him? - said Prince Andrey. - Well, what Bonaparte? What impression did he make on you?
“Yes, I saw and was convinced that he was afraid of a general battle more than anything else,” Dolgorukov repeated, apparently cherishing this general conclusion he had drawn from his meeting with Napoleon. - If he was not afraid of battle, why would he demand this meeting, negotiate and, most importantly, retreat, while retreat is so contrary to his entire method of warfare? Trust me: he is afraid, afraid of a general battle, his time has come. I'm telling you this.
- But tell me how is he, what? Prince Andrey also asked.
- He is a man in a gray frock coat who really wanted me to say "Your Majesty", but, to his chagrin, did not receive any title from me. That's what kind of person he is, and nothing more, 'answered Dolgorukov, looking around with a smile at Bilibin.
“Despite my complete respect for old Kutuzov,” he continued, “we would all be good, expecting something and thus giving him the opportunity to leave or deceive us, while now he is truly in our hands. No, one should not forget Suvorov and his rules: not to put yourself in the position of being attacked, but to attack yourself. Believe me, in war, the energy of young people often points the way more accurately than the entire experience of the old kunktators.
- But in what position are we attacking him? I was at the outposts today, and it is impossible to decide exactly where he stands with the main forces, ”said Prince Andrey.
He wanted to tell Dolgorukov his plan of attack, drawn up by him.
“Oh, it’s absolutely all the same,” Dolgorukov spoke quickly, getting up and opening the card on the table. - All cases are foreseen: if he is at Brunn's ...
And Prince Dolgorukov quickly and vaguely told Weyrother's flanking plan.
Prince Andrew began to object and prove his plan, which could be equally good with Weyrother's plan, but had the disadvantage that Weyrother's plan had already been approved. As soon as Prince Andrey began to prove the disadvantages of that and his own benefits, Prince Dolgorukov stopped listening to him and looked absentmindedly not at the map, but at the face of Prince Andrey.
“However, Kutuzov will have a military council today: you can express all this there,” Dolgorukov said.
“I’ll do that,” said Prince Andrey, moving away from the map.
- And what do you care about, gentlemen? - said Bilibin, still listening to their conversation with a cheerful smile and now, apparently, intending to joke. - Whether tomorrow there will be victory or defeat, the glory of Russian weapons is insured. Apart from your Kutuzov, there is not a single Russian leader of the columns. Chiefs: Herr general Wimpfen, le comte de Langeron, le prince de Lichtenstein, le prince de Hohenloe et enfin Prsch ... prsch ... et ainsi de suite, comme tous les noms polonais. [Wimpfen, Count Lanzheron, Prince of Liechtenstein, Hohenloe and also Prisprishiprsh, like all Polish names.]
- Taisez vous, mauvaise langue, [Restrain your malice.] - said Dolgorukov. - It’s not true, now there are two Russians: Miloradovich and Dokhturov, and he would have been 3rd, Count Arakcheev, but his nerves are weak.
- However, Mikhail Ilarionovich, I think, came out, - said Prince Andrey. “I wish you happiness and success, gentlemen,” he added and left, shaking hands with Dolgorukov and Bibilin.
Returning home, Prince Andrey could not resist asking Kutuzov, who was silently sitting beside him, what he thinks about tomorrow's battle.
Kutuzov looked sternly at his adjutant and, after a pause, answered:
- I think that the battle will be lost, and I told Count Tolstoy so and asked him to convey this to the Emperor. What do you think he answered me? Eh, mon cher general, je me mele de riz et des et cotelettes, melez vous des affaires de la guerre. [And, dear general! I'm busy with rice and cutlets, and you are engaged in military affairs.] Yes ... That's what they answered me!

At 10 o'clock in the evening, Weyrother, with his plans, moved to Kutuzov's apartment, where a military council was appointed. All the leaders of the columns were required to see the commander-in-chief, and, with the exception of Prince Bagration, who refused to come, all appeared at the appointed hour.
Weyrother, who was the complete master of the proposed battle, presented with his liveliness and haste a sharp contrast with the disgruntled and sleepy Kutuzov, who reluctantly played the role of chairman and leader of the military council. Weyrother evidently felt himself at the head of a movement that was already unstoppable. He was like a harnessed horse running downhill with a cart. Whether he was driving or was being driven, he did not know; but he rushed at all possible speed, having no time to discuss what this movement would lead to. Weyrother that evening was twice for a personal examination in the enemy's chain and twice with the sovereigns, Russian and Austrian, for a report and explanations, and in his chancellery, where he dictated the German disposition. Exhausted, he now came to Kutuzov.
He, apparently, was so busy that he even forgot to be respectful to the commander-in-chief: he interrupted him, spoke quickly, indistinctly, without looking at the interlocutor's face, without answering questions made to him, was stained with mud and looked miserable, exhausted, confused and at the same time arrogant and proud.
Kutuzov occupied a small noble castle near Ostralits. In the large living room, which became the office of the commander-in-chief, gathered: Kutuzov himself, Weyrother and the members of the military council. They drank tea. Only Prince Bagration was expected to begin a council of war. At 8 o'clock, the orderly of Bagration arrived with the news that the prince could not be. Prince Andrey came to report this to the commander-in-chief and, using the permission previously given to him by Kutuzov to be present at the council, remained in the room.
“Since Prince Bagration will not be here, we can begin,” Weyrother said, hastily getting up from his seat and approaching the table, on which was laid out a huge map of Brunn's surroundings.
Kutuzov, in an unbuttoned uniform, from which, as if freed, his fat neck swam onto the collar, sat in a Voltaire armchair, laying symmetrically plump senile hands on the armrests, and was almost asleep. At the sound of Weyrother's voice, he struggled to open one eye.
“Yes, yes, please, otherwise it's too late,” he said and, nodding his head, lowered it and closed his eyes again.
If at first the council members thought that Kutuzov was pretending to be asleep, then the sounds that he made with his nose during the subsequent reading proved that at that moment for the commander-in-chief it was about much more important than the desire to show his contempt for the disposition or for whatever be that as it may: it was for him about the irrepressible satisfaction of a human need - a dream. He was really asleep. Weyrother, with the movement of a man too busy to waste at least one minute of time, looked at Kutuzov and, making sure that he was asleep, took the paper and in a loud monotonous tone began to read the disposition of the future battle under the title, which he also read:
"Disposition to attack the enemy position behind Kobelnitsa and Sokolnitsa, November 20, 1805".
The disposition was very complex and difficult. The original disposition read:
Da der Feind mit seinerien linken Fluegel an die mit Wald bedeckten Berge lehnt und sich mit seinerien rechten Fluegel laengs Kobeinitz und Sokolienitz hinter die dort befindIichen Teiche zieht, wir im Gegentheil mit unserem deselren debluegel seinen isft Feindes zu attakiren, besondere wenn wir die Doerfer Sokolienitz und Kobelienitz im Besitze haben, wodurch wir dem Feind zugleich in die Flanke fallen und ihn auf der Flaeche zwischen Schlapanitz und dem Thuerassa Walde verfolgen koennit die feindliche Front decken. Zu dieserien Endzwecke ist es noethig ... Die erste Kolonne Marieschirt ... die zweite Kolonne Marieschirt ... die dritte Kolonne Marieschirt ... [Since the enemy leans with his left wing on the forest-covered mountains, and his right wing stretches along Kobelnitsa and Sokolnitsa, and behind the ponds we are there , on the contrary, we surpass his right wing with our left wing, then it is beneficial for us to attack this last enemy wing, especially if we occupy the villages of Sokolnits and Kobelnits, being put in the opportunity to attack the enemy flank and pursue him in the plain between Shlapanitsa and the Tyurasky forest, avoiding together with the defile between Shlapanits and Belovits, which covered the enemy front. For this purpose it is necessary ... The first column is marching ... the second column is marching ... the third column is marching ...] etc., Weyrother read. The generals seemed reluctant to listen to the difficult disposition. The tall, blond General Buxgewden stood with his back against the wall, and, fixing his eyes on the burning candle, did not seem to listen and did not even want to be thought of as listening. Directly opposite Weyrother, staring at him with his bright open eyes, in a warlike pose, resting his arms with outstretched elbows on his knees, sat a ruddy Miloradovich with raised mustache and shoulders. He stubbornly remained silent, looking into Weyrother's face, and took his eyes off him only when the Austrian chief of staff fell silent. At this time, Miloradovich looked significantly back at the other generals. But from the meaning of this significant glance, it was impossible to tell whether he agreed or disagreed, pleased or dissatisfied with the disposition. Count Langeron sat closest to Weyrother, and with a thin smile of a southern French face, which did not leave him throughout the reading, he looked at his thin fingers, which were quickly turning over the corners of the gold snuff-box with the portrait. In the middle of one of the longest periods, he stopped the rotating movement of the snuff-box, raised his head and interrupted Weyrother with unpleasant courtesy at the very ends of his thin lips and wanted to say something; but the Austrian general, without interrupting his reading, frowned angrily and waved his elbows, as if to say: then, then you will tell me your thoughts, now if you please look at the map and listen. Langeron raised his eyes upward with an expression of bewilderment, looked back at Miloradovich, as if looking for an explanation, but, meeting Miloradovich's significant, meaningless look, sadly lowered his eyes and again began to turn the snuffbox.
- Une lecon de geographie, [A lesson from geography,] - he said, as if to himself, but loud enough to be heard.
Przhebyshevsky, with respectful but dignified courtesy, bent his ear to Weyrother, looking like a man absorbed in attention. Dokhturov, small in stature, sat directly opposite Weyrother with a diligent and modest air, and, bending over the spread map, conscientiously studied the dispositions and the unknown area. Several times he asked Weyrother to repeat the words he had not heard well and the difficult names of the villages. Weyrother fulfilled his wish, and Dokhturov wrote it down.
When the reading, which lasted more than an hour, was over, Langeron, again stopping the snuffbox and not looking at Weyrother and at anyone in particular, began to talk about how difficult it was to execute such a disposition, where the enemy's position is supposed to be known, whereas this position can be we do not know, since the enemy is on the move. Langeron's objections were sound, but it was obvious that the purpose of these objections consisted mainly in the desire to make General Weyrother feel, as self-confident as the schoolchildren, who read his disposition, that he was dealing not with fools alone, but with people who could teach in military affairs. When the monotonous sound of Weyrother's voice fell silent, Kutuzov opened the chapter, like a miller who wakes up when the sleepy sound of mill wheels is interrupted, listened to what Langeron was saying, and, as if saying: "and you are still talking about this nonsense!" hurriedly closed his eyes and lowered his head even lower.

(1881-05-14 ) (68 years old)

In the eighth year, he lost his mother and, at her request, expressed by the princess before her death, was taken to Oldenburg to his grandfather, Duke of Oldenburg Peter-Friedrich-Ludwig, where he received further education together with his older brother, Prince Friedrich-Paul-Alexander. ... Among other things, ancient and new languages, geometry, geography, and also the Russian language were included in the circle of sciences that the prince was supposed to pass. During his recent stay in Oldenburg, the prince studied law and logic with particular love under the guidance of Christian Runde. In 1829, according to the Peace of Adrianople, Greece gained political independence and some diplomats of that time named the Prince of Oldenburg as a candidate for the Greek throne. But at the end of 1830, Emperor Nicholas I summoned the prince (his nephew) to the Russian service.

Military ranks

Colonel (08/14/1812)
Major General (06.08.1832)
Adjutant General (High pr. 01/25/1856)
Lieutenant General (06.12.1834)
General of Infantry (04/16/1841)

Awards

Order of Saint Andrew the First-Called (10.22.1812)
Order of St. Anne 1 st. (22.10.1812)
Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (22.10.1812)
Order of St. Vladimir 2 st. (06.12.1835)
Order of St. Vladimir 1 st. (14.04.1840)
Badge of distinction for 15 years of impeccable service (08.22.1850)
Badge of distinction for XX years of impeccable service (08/22/1854)
Gold medal in memory of the liberation of the peasants (05.12.1861)

The German Oldenburg House is one of the most powerful and ancient in Europe, whose representatives were on the thrones of Denmark, the Baltic States, Norway, Greece and were related to the Romanovs' house, the kings of Sweden, as well as the children and grandchildren of Queen Elizabeth II in Britain. Now, in 2016, it is headed by the Duke of Christian, who was born in 1955.

Oldenburg dynasty

Before moving on to Russian Empire, it is necessary to indicate the branches of this mighty house. The older branch of the dynasty ruled in Denmark from about 1426 to 1863, as well as in Livonia for 10 years in the 16th century. and Norway bore the title of Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein. The Oldenburg dynasty spawned the Glucksburg line from 1863, descending from the house of the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg, which rules Denmark from 1863 to the present. Members of this lineage are now on the Norwegian throne. Its representatives were the Basilians of Greece from 1863 to 1974.

Russian empire

After the death of Peter the Great's grandson from smallpox in 1730, the male generation of the Romanov family ended. But for some time Russia was ruled by the daughter of Peter the Great, Empress Elizabeth. She died without leaving offspring in 1761. After the coup of 1762, a German princess, the daughter of Prince Anhalt-Zerbst, ended up on the Russian throne. Her husband was Karl-Peter-Ulrich (Peter III), a representative of the Holstein-Gottorp branch, the younger line of the Oldenburgs. Thus, their son and his subsequent children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren were only nominally Romanovs. They all married princesses of German and Danish ancestry.

Oldenburgs in Russia

He invited a young, well-educated relative to serve in Russia. Georgy Petrovich Oldenburgsky (1784-1812), cousin Emperor, was appointed governor-general of Estonia in 1808. He set to work energetically. The prince paid special attention to the peasant question. In 1909 he married Grand Duchess Ekaterina Pavlovna, sister of Alexander and Nikolai Pavlovich. In the same year, Prince of Oldenburg was appointed governor-general of Tver, Novgorod and Yaroslavl.

He energetically took up the improvement of these places and actively visited the county towns, supervising the work of the administration. Simultaneously with this work, he was asked to take up shipping in Russia. In addition, work on overland communications has also joined. The place of permanent residence of the young couple was Tver. And already in 1909, the deepening of the Ladoga Canal began. Since there were not enough specialists, the prince proposed opening a new educational institution, which would graduate engineers. The emperor supported his endeavors, visited the prince in Tver, where he became acquainted with Karamzin's works on history. The prince was very energetic in rebuilding the old canals, which earned the emperor's gratitude. When the war began, Georgy Petrovich collected the militia, food, and placed the prisoners. But, suddenly ill, the young Prince of Oldenburg died in 1812, leaving behind young children.

Children and grandchildren

His son Peter was born in 1812, who became an orphan at the age of 8. At the request of his mother, his grandfather raised him. Prince Peter of Oldenburg lived in Germany and received a good education. Abroad, he studied Russian as well. Emperor Nicholas I called his nephew to serve in Russia. He was granted an estate in Peterhof, as well as enrollment in the elite Preobrazhensky regiment.

He quickly rose through the ranks and four years after arriving in Russia he was promoted to lieutenant general. Then he switched to civil service and became a senator. He studied law and, having made sure that there were not enough lawyers in Russia, he achieved the establishment of the School of Law. At the same time, he bought the building with his own money. Petr Georgievich was actively involved in social activities. For 20 years he has paid much attention to women's education. At his own expense, he opened an orphanage. His son, Alexander Petrovich, actively continued his noble work.

Childhood

Prince Alexander was born in 1844. As befits among the highest aristocracy, the Prince of Oldenburg was immediately accepted into the guard with the rank of ensign. In the same way, his three brothers prepared for the service for the good of the country. They were educated at home, they were all waiting for a career in the military.

Youth

Due to the fact that two brothers at different times committed and lost the favors of Emperor Alexander II and the titles of princes, Alexander Petrovich became the heir to the head of the house of the Grand Dukes of Oldenburg. He received at home the most versatile, one might say, encyclopedic education, read a lot, since the family had an excellent library, and eventually became a professional lawyer.

Marriage

The Prince of Oldenburg married the daughter of the Duke of Leuchtenberg. Evgenia Maksimilianovna was engaged in a wide range of social activities. Princess of Oldenburg patronized the Red Cross, the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, and the Mineralogical Society. Together with her husband, she took care of charitable, educational and medical institutions, which was supervised by the father of her husband. Princess Oldenburgskaya attracted prominent artists of her time to create art postcards with reproductions of paintings from the Hermitage and the Tretyakov Gallery. Her educational activities continued after the revolution. She also opened art schools in the provinces and St. Petersburg.

Activities of Alexander Petrovich

Both in the Life Guards in peacetime, and in the Prince of Oldenburg, he proved himself to be an energetic, demanding officer, first of all, to himself. During the war, he lived like a Spartan. I did not use any additional amenities in the form of a crew or a personal chef. His troops distinguished themselves when crossing the passes of the Balkan Mountains. He was awarded a golden sword and dirk "For Bravery". When he retired, he continued his father's activities.

He stood at the origins of the creation of the Institute of Experimental Medicine, in which I.P. Pavlov, conducting experiments in physiology. It also conducted research on the fight against tuberculosis. The plague that broke out in the Caspian was halted when Prince Alexander personally went to fight the epidemic. In addition, he created a climatic resort in Gagra, which is still used today.

Castle of the Prince of Oldenburg

It was built in Gagra. Around him on the coast was a park with citrus trees, slender cypresses and exotic agaves. The castle of the Prince of Oldenburg was built in the Art Nouveau style by the architect I.K. Lutseransky. The snow-white palace, covered with red tiles, with chimneys and a falconer tower, is strikingly beautiful. But neither time nor people spared him. Now the palace is in desolation and needs urgent restoration.

Despite the varied activities that Prince Alexander was engaged in, his merits are practically forgotten. He went to the fields of the World War and was the supreme chief of the sanitary and evacuation unit, supplied the army with food. After the February Revolution, he was fired. And in the fall of 1917 he left the country forever. The prince died in France at the age of 88, having survived both his wife and his only son.

Prince Peter Georgievich Oldenburgsky.

Prince Peter Georgyevich Oldenburgsky

Joseve-Désiré Cours (1797-1865) Portrait of Prince P.G. Oldenburgsky in the uniform of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky regiment (1842)

Oldenburgskie (German von Oldenburg) - a noble family, a branch of the Holstein-Gottorp line of the Oldenburg dynasty, who were the rulers of the duchy (later the grand duchy) of Oldenburg. They were closely related to the Romanov dynasty, which ruled in the Russian Empire. The younger line of the house, the descendants of Peter Friedrich George, bore the title of Princes of Oldenburg and Dukes of Romanovsky.

O. A. Kiprensky. Portrait of Prince G.P. Oldenburgsky, 1811.

Prince Pyotr Georgievich Oldenburgsky (1812, Yaroslavl - 1881, St. Petersburg) - His Imperial Highness (1845), Russian military and statesman, member of Russian Imperial House, grandson of Paul I, general of infantry (04/16/1841), chief of the Starodub cuirassier regiment named after him, senator, member of the State Council and chairman of the department of civil and spiritual affairs, chief manager of the IV Department of the E. I. V. Chancellery, honorary guardian and chairman St. Petersburg Board of Trustees, chief head of women's educational institutions of the department of Empress Mary, trustee of the Imperial School of Jurisprudence, St. Petersburg Commercial School, Imperial Alexander Lyceum, honorary member of various scientists and charitable societies, chairman of the Russian Society of International Law, trustee of the Kiev charity house for the poor, patron of the Eye Clinic.

early years

Grand Duchess Ekaterina Pavlovna Prince Georgy Petrovich of Oldenburgsky

A few days before the Battle of Borodino, Prince Georgy Petrovich of Oldenburg and his wife, Grand Duchess Ekaterina Pavlovna, had a son named at baptism Konstantin-Friedrich-Peter, later known in Russia under the name of Prince Peter Georgievich. Four months from birth, the prince lost his father and was transported to his grandmother, Empress Maria Feodorovna, wife of Emperor Paul I, and then, when Ekaterina Pavlovna entered into a new marriage with the Crown Prince of Württemberg, he followed his mother to Stuttgart.

Portrait of the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna (1759-1828) George Doe

In the eighth year, he lost his mother, and at her request, expressed by the princess before her death, was taken to Oldenburg to his grandfather, Duke of Oldenburg Peter-Friedrich-Ludwig, where he received further education together with his older brother, Prince Friedrich-Paul. Alexander.

Peter Friedrich Ludwig of Oldenburg (1755-1829)

Etzhorn bei Oldenburg

Eitinsky or Oytynsky castle(Castle facade)

Interior

Among other things, ancient and new languages, geometry, geography, and also the Russian language were included in the circle of sciences that the prince was supposed to pass. During his recent stay in Oldenburg, the prince studied law and logic with particular love under the guidance of Christian Runde. In 1829, according to the Peace of Adrianople, Greece gained political independence and some diplomats of that time named the Prince of Oldenburg as a candidate for the Greek throne. But at the end of 1830, Emperor Nicholas I summoned the prince (his nephew) to the Russian service.

In Petersburg

Painting "Arch of the General Staff" by Vasily Sadovnikov. Watercolor.

On December 1, 1830, the prince arrived in St. Petersburg, was greeted very warmly by the emperor, enlisted in active service in the Life Guards Preobrazhensky regiment and made the owner of the estate in Peterhof. During his five-year service in the regiment, the prince first commanded the 2nd battalion, and then (temporarily) the regiment, and for the difference in service on August 6, 1832 he was promoted to major general, and on December 6, 1834 to lieutenant general. On his initiative and under his control, a school was set up in the Preobrazhensky regiment; Along with teaching literacy in this school, attention was also paid to the moral side of the students.

Portrait of Emperor Nicholas I. Franz Krüger

Spaso-Preobrazhensky All Guard Cathedral in St. Petersburg, lithograph of the first half of the 19th century.

On March 12, 1835, he was appointed a member of the council of military educational institutions, and in May of the following year, he temporarily corrected the duties of the head of military educational institutions. On December 6 of the same year, he was appointed chief of the Starodub cuirassier regiment. At the same time, the prince did not stop his education and continued to study literature (he translated Pushkin's "Queen of Spades" into French in 1834), history, natural sciences and especially legal sciences (under the leadership of K. I. Arseniev).

works by [J. Kura. State Hermitage (St. Petersburg)

Palace of Prince P.G. Oldenburgsky in St. Petersburg.

Dacha of Prince P. Oldenburgsky in St. Petersburg.

In 1834 he left military service. The reason for the transition to civil service was the following case (known from the words of Polovtsov, to whom the prince himself told). During his service in the Preobrazhensky regiment, the prince had, according to his official duty, to be present at the corporal punishment of a woman, and the soldiers were struck with stick strikes on her bare shoulders. Outraged by such a picture, the prince from the place of execution went to the then Minister of Internal Affairs, Count Bludov and told him that he would never again take part in the orders for the execution of such a punishment, which did not exist among any enlightened people, and therefore asked to report to the Emperor his request for resignation. The prince was appointed a member of the consultation with the Minister of Justice, and thereafter (April 23, 1834) as a senator.

Kozlov, A. Portrait of Prince Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg: [Print]. - Late 1850s - early 1860s. - 1 sheet: Lithography;

Imperial School of Jurisprudence

Speransky, Mikhail Mikhailovich Varnek A.G.

On May 29, 1835, the State Council had already considered and approved the project and staff of the School of Jurisprudence worked out by the prince, together with Speransky, and on the third day followed by the Imperial Rescript, to which the prince was entrusted with the structure of the school. By the end of November of the same 1835, the building at the corner of Fontanka and Sergievskaya Street (now Tchaikovsky Street), bought at the expense of the prince, was altered and adapted to open a school in it (while the acquisition of the building and its adaptation and furnishing cost the prince more than 1 million rubles ). On December 5, 1835, a solemn, in the presence of the sovereign-emperor, the opening of the school followed. On the same day, by the Highest Rescript, the prince was approved as a trustee of the school and was awarded the Knight Commander of the Order of St. Vladimir II degree. From the moment the school was founded until his death, for almost half a century, the prince did not abandon the most cordial concerns about this institution.

Building of the School of Jurisprudence

S.K. Zaryanko. Hall of the School of Law with groups of teachers and pupils (1840)

Social activity

On December 6, 1836, he was ordered to be present in the State Council in the department of civil and spiritual affairs with the right to occupy the post of chairman in his absence. On February 25, 1842, the Highest was ordered to be the chairman of the said department, and in this title the prince took an active part in the reforms of the 1860s, namely in the peasant and judicial reform.

Portrait of Prince P.G. Oldenburgsky

In April 1837 he married the daughter of the Duke of Nassau Wilhelm - Princess Theresa-Wilhelmina-Charlotte.

In 1838, in view of numerous personal and professional activities, he asked for his dismissal from his presence in the Senate, and this request on February 17 of the same year was respected. On September 30, 1839, he was Imperially appointed as an honorary guardian in the St. Catherine. On October 14 of the same year, he was entrusted with the management of the St. Petersburg Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor.

Hospital for the poor (Mariinsky) in St. Petersburg. Lithography. 1820th

Pupils of the orphanage of Prince Peter of Oldenburg and sisters of mercy at the monument to P.G. Oldenburg in front of the Mariinsky hospital on the day of the 100th anniversary of his birth. Saint Petersburg. 1912. Photo of K. K. Bulla's studio

The prince's activities have taken on a broader scale since 1844, when he was assigned to serve as Chairman of the St. Petersburg Board of Trustees. The gradual increase in the number of women's educational institutions required new forms of government, and their very statutes needed revision. For this, in 1844, a committee was formed under the chairmanship of the Prince of Oldenburg, which developed the ranks, states and programs. At the same time (December 30, 1844) under the IV Div. The Teaching Committee was established by its own EIV Chancellery, as the central office for educational affairs in women's educational institutions; and from January 1, 1845 - a special Main Council chaired by the Prince of Oldenburg and for a long time played the role of a special ministry of women's education in Russia.

In 1851 he was appointed chairman of the Teaching Committee, and thus became the head of women's education and upbringing. In his activities, the prince took care of the further and wider development of educational affairs and always went to meet the needs of the educational institutions under his jurisdiction. From the works and notes of the prince, mention should be made of the note compiled by him in 1851 and soon implemented on the teaching of gymnastics; then "Instruction for the education of female students in educational institutions" (1852). In 1855. The Main Council, chaired by the prince, drew up the statutes of women's educational institutions, which were approved by the Highest on August 30, 1855. On April 19, 1858, at the thought and instructions of Empress Maria Alexandrovna and with his active assistance, the first seven-grade female school for incoming girls was opened in Russia, called the Mariinsky, whose trustee was appointed by the prince.

Pupils of the institute in the home church at the altar

In the same year, several more public schools were opened in St. Petersburg. On February 26, 1859, the prince approved the "Rules of the internal order of the Mariinsky Women's School", which fully reflected the humane ideas that the prince was the usual carrier of. On the model of the Mariinsky School, public educational institutions were soon opened in the provinces; by 1883 there were already up to thirty of them. On August 12, 1860, the Draft Statute on the Main Directorate of the Institutions of the Empress Maria was approved by the Highest; according to the Regulations, the main management of these institutions was concentrated in the IV department of His Majesty's Own Chancellery; the chief manager of the department was ex officio the chairman of the Main Council of Women's Educational Institutions and the St. Petersburg Board of Trustees.

Alexandro-Mariinsky School in Irkutsk

Mariinsky Women's School, Perm

Mariinsky Women's School, Shadrinsk

The sovereign appointed Prince P. G. Oldenburgsky as chief governor, approved the project, so that the position and decree read: "Tver, August 14, that is, the birthday of the Prince of Oldenburg." On May 5, 1864, on the occasion of the centenary of the educational society for noble maidens, the Imperial Rescript in his name was, among other things, said: "The title of chief administrator was only a fair recognition of your twenty years of service to the good of institutions that are under your direct patronage."

Atelier "Former Levitsky's Light Painting". Prince Peter Georgievich Oldenburgsky: [Photo]. - First floor. 1860s. -

In 1844, under his chairmanship, rules and regulations were developed for two-year pedagogical courses at the Aleksandrovskaya women's schools in St. Petersburg and Moscow; in addition, the theoretical and practical courses for candidates at both the capital's orphan institutes were transformed. Finally, in view of the rapid expansion of women's gymnasiums and the lack of well-trained female teachers, pedagogical courses were founded in 1863, and in 1871, to train female teachers French, according to the prince's thought and his initiative, a French class with a two-year course was established at the Nikolaev Orphan Institute for the students of the institute who graduated from the course with the first awards. In 1864, a teacher's seminary was established, at the St.

Foundling home and open 20 primary schools in its districts; the number of schools, as well as the number of shelters, gradually increased.

Courtyard of the Elizabethan orphanage. School named after Empress Maria Feodorovna

On March 10, 1867, with the Highest permission, he opened an orphanage for 100 children in St. Petersburg at his own expense under the name “Shelter in memory of Catherine and Mary”, since 1871 renamed “Catherine, Mary and George orphanage”.

In addition, the vocational school at the Moscow orphanage owes many improvements and transformations to him, the charter and staff of which were re-developed in 1868, and the school itself was renamed the Imperial Moscow technical school... The results of the reforms were not slow to show themselves: the exhibits of the school attracted general attention at Russian and foreign exhibitions.

In 1840 he was appointed chief director of the St. Petersburg Commercial School, which underwent fundamental reforms. On June 28, 1841, the new charter of the school was approved by the Highest, and since then the prince was already the trustee of the latter. In the same year, the prince assumed the title of president of the Imperial Free Economic Society, and from 1860 he was its honorary member; during the presidency of the prince, a new charter of the society was developed.

Prince P.G. of Oldenburg and his daughter-in-law Princess E.M. Oldenburg in Ramon.

On November 6, 1843, he was entrusted with the main command over the Alexander Lyceum, which that year was assigned to the department of the Empress Maria's institutions. In 1880 he created the "Russian Society of International Law", the opening of which under his chairmanship followed on May 31 of that year.

Was engaged in charity work; his funds and care were due to their emergence and development: the women's institute of Princess Theresa of Oldenburg; Shelter of His Highness Prince P.G. Oldenburgsky. Children's Hospital of Prince Peter of Oldenburg; the above-mentioned shelter in memory of Catherine, Maria and George; Holy Trinity Community of Sisters of Mercy; hospitals Obukhovskaya, Mariinskaya, Petropavlovskaya and others; Orphanage, etc.

Sisters of mercy and the wounded in the ward of the Pokrovsk community hospital. Petrograd. 1914-1916. Photo by K. K. Bulla's studio

Already an old man who celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of his public service, dejected by ailments and could no longer climb the stairs without outside help, the prince continued to visit the institutions entrusted to him, deal with current affairs and be keenly interested in everything that was subject to his jurisdiction.

Prince Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg (1812-1881)

He died of a transient pneumonia on May 2, 1881, at 7:45 pm. His death was precipitated by the news of the assassination of Emperor Alexander II by terrorists, whom he was on friendly terms with.

On May 8, 1881, he was solemnly buried at the cemetery of the Sergiev Hermitage, where at that time were the graves of many prominent citizens of St. Petersburg and the Russian state.