A journey into the world of the protozoa. The amazing world of the protozoa Presentation on the theme of excursion into the world of the protozoa
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Journey to the World of the Simplest
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Lesson plan
general characteristics Discovery Structure Movement Nutrition Role in nature and human life Laboratory work Test Yourself Instructions for the teacher
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Protozoa are a very large group of living organisms. At present, more than 70,000 species have been described.
Suvoyka Euglena green Volvox
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The sizes of the protozoa are very diverse. Trumpeters can be found among them. These are ciliates - giants, reaching a length of 1-2 mm, so they can be seen without a microscope in the form of small lumps. Amoeba are different in size: from a few microns to 0.5 - 1.5 mm.
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The simplest are unicellular organisms that live in water, soil, in the bodies of other organisms. They are so small that no one knew anything about them for a long time. The Dutch naturalist Antonio Van Leeuwenhoek saw them for the first time, examining a small droplet of water through a microscope designed by himself in 1675. He called these creatures "the smallest animals."
Antonio Van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723)
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Levenguk's first microscopes
Antonio Van Leeuwenhoek made a microscope from a single lens, but unusually carefully polished. In total, during his life, he made about 250 lenses, having achieved a 300-fold increase. Installing lenses in metal frames, he built a microscope and with its help carried out the most advanced research at that time.
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Microscope structure
eyepiece lens tube screw tripod mirror
subject table
Hints
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Rules for working with a microscope
Place the microscope with the tripod handle towards you. By rotating the mirror under the stage and looking through the eyepiece, achieve full illumination of the field of view. Place the finished preparation on the microscope stage (above the stage opening). 4. Looking at the object from the side, use the large screw to achieve such a position of the objective so that it is at a distance of 1-2 mm from the object of study. 5. Looking through the eyepiece, slowly rotate the large screw until a clear image of the object appears. Do this carefully so as not to crush the drug!
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The organism of the simplest animal consists of a separate independent cell that performs all the basic vital functions. This cell has a nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane and organelles. Organelles are individual cellular regions of the protozoa that perform various functions.
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Some protozoa, for example, the amoeba, are able to change the shape of their cells. In others, it is constant due to the dense cell membrane. Some protozoa are characterized by a hard external skeleton.
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Protozoa can move in different ways.
Euglena moves with a flagellum
Amoeba uses pseudopods for movement
Ciliates - shoes have cilia
Suvoy women lead an attached lifestyle
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All the protozoa feed on ready-made organic substances, but they are extracted in different ways.
Some feed on unicellular algae with pseudopods.
Others (predators) - smaller protozoa
Trypanosomes
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Euglena green nutrition is slightly different. Her cytoplasm contains green chloroplasts. Thanks to this, euglena is able to produce organic substances from inorganic ones (like a plant) in the light. But, placed in darkness, it begins to consume organic substances dissolved in water, which are formed during the decay of dead organisms.
Chloroplasts
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The role of protozoa in nature and human life
They are feed for animals. Participate in the formation of rocks (chalk, limestone, silicon) 3. Cause dangerous human diseases (sleeping sickness, dysentery, malaria, giardiasis and others)
Dysentery amoeba
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The bowels of the Earth contain the skeletons of protozoa that lived in ancient times in the ancient seas. Among them, marine protozoa - foraminifers and radiolarians - are especially significant.
Foraminifera shells contain calcium carbonate. After the animals die off, the shells sink to the bottom and lay down in a thick layer. Fossilized sediments turn into sedimentary rocks - limestone, chalk.
Diversity of foraminifera
Chalk Limestone
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Other shell protozoa - radiolarians - are capable of accumulating silicon and strontium in their shells. Silicon sedimentary rocks are formed from their skeletons.
Under a microscope, in flints, one can distinguish spicules-needles of sea sponges, openwork lanterns-skeletons of unicellular organisms of radiolarians, valves of tiny shells.
Fly Tse-Tse
Trypanosomes in human blood
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Another dangerous disease, malaria, is caused by Plasmodium malaria. It enters the bloodstream when bitten by an anopheles mosquito. Malaria used to kill a lot of people. This disease is widespread in the tropics and subtropics, especially where there are many swamps, since it is in them that malaria mosquitoes are removed.
Malaria plasmodium
Anopheles mosquito bite
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Laboratory work No. 8 Examination of protozoa under a microscope
Purpose of the work: to consider cells - organisms, to highlight their common features. Work progress Prepare the microscope for work. 2. Using ready-made microslides, consider the amoeba and ciliate shoe. 3. Sketch the cells - organisms, indicating the nucleus in them. 4. Note the absence of chlorophyll in the protozoan cell. 5. Draw conclusions: a) about common features in the structure of amoeba and ciliates - shoes: b) about the relationship between the structure of a unicellular organism and the way it is fed
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check yourself
Test Let's Think Together
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ciliate euglena amoeba
An organism with 2 nuclei
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Can change the shape of the body
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Moves with a flagellum
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General characteristics Opening Structure Movement Nutrition Role in nature and human life Laboratory work Test yourself Instructions for the teacher
Slide 3
Protozoa are a very large group of living organisms. At present, more than 70,000 species have been described. Euglena green Volvox
Slide 4
The sizes of the protozoa are very diverse. Trumpeters can be found among them. These are ciliates - giants, reaching a length of 1-2 mm, so they can be seen without a microscope in the form of small lumps. Amoeba are different in size: from a few microns to 0.5 - 1.5 mm. Trumpeter
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The simplest are unicellular organisms that live in water, soil, in the bodies of other organisms. They are so small that no one knew anything about them for a long time. The Dutch naturalist Antonio Van Leeuwenhoek saw them for the first time, examining a small droplet of water through a microscope designed by himself in 1675. He called these creatures "the smallest animals." Antonio Van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723)
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Levenguk's first microscopes Antonio Van Leeuwenhoek made a microscope from a single lens, but unusually carefully polished. In total, during his life, he made about 250 lenses, having achieved a 300-fold increase. Installing lenses in metal frames, he built a microscope and with its help carried out the most advanced research at that time.
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Rules for working with a microscope Place the microscope with the tripod handle towards you. By rotating the mirror under the stage and looking through the eyepiece, achieve full illumination of the field of view. Place the finished preparation on the microscope stage (above the stage opening). 4. Looking at the object from the side, use the large screw to achieve such a position of the objective so that it is at a distance of 1-2 mm from the object of study. 5. Looking through the eyepiece, slowly rotate the large screw until a clear image of the object appears. Do this carefully so as not to crush the drug!
Slide 9
The organism of the simplest animal consists of a separate independent cell that performs all the basic vital functions. This cell has a nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane and organelles. Organelles are individual cellular regions of the protozoa that perform various functions.
Slide 10
Some protozoa, for example, the amoeba, are able to change the shape of their cells. In others, it is constant due to the dense cell membrane. Some protozoa are characterized by a hard external skeleton.
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Protozoa can move in different ways. Euglena moves with the help of a flagellum. Amoeba uses pseudopods for movement. Ciliates have cilia. Suvoyki lead an attached lifestyle
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Euglena green nutrition is slightly different. Her cytoplasm contains green chloroplasts. Thanks to this, euglena is able to produce organic substances from inorganic ones (like a plant) in the light. But, placed in darkness, it begins to consume organic substances dissolved in water, which are formed during the decay of dead organisms. Chloroplasts
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The role of protozoa in nature and human life. They are food for animals. Participate in the formation of rocks (chalk, limestone, silicon) 3. Cause dangerous human diseases (sleeping sickness, dysentery, malaria, giardiasis and others) Trypanosomes Dysenteric amoeba
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The bowels of the Earth contain the skeletons of protozoa that lived in ancient times in the ancient seas. Among them, marine protozoa - foraminifers and radiolarians - are especially significant. Foraminifera shells contain calcium carbonate. After the animals die off, the shells sink to the bottom and lay down in a thick layer. Fossilized sediments turn into sedimentary rocks - limestone, chalk. Foraminiferal diversity Chalk Limestone
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Other shell protozoa - radiolarians - are capable of accumulating silicon and strontium in their shells. Silicon sedimentary rocks are formed from their skeletons. Under a microscope, in flints, one can distinguish spicules-needles of sea sponges, openwork lanterns-skeletons of unicellular organisms of radiolarians, valves of tiny shells.
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Another dangerous disease, malaria, is caused by Plasmodium malaria. It enters the bloodstream when bitten by an anopheles mosquito. Malaria used to kill a lot of people. This disease is widespread in the tropics and subtropics, especially where there are many swamps, since it is in them that malaria mosquitoes are removed. Plasmodium Plasmodium Mosquito Bite
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Laboratory work No. 8 Examination of protozoa under a microscope Purpose of the work: to examine cells - organisms, to highlight their common features. Work progress Prepare the microscope for work. 2. Using ready-made microslides, consider the amoeba and ciliate shoe. 3. Sketch the cells - organisms, indicating the nucleus in them. 4. Note the absence of chlorophyll in the protozoan cell. 5. Draw conclusions: a) about common features in the structure of amoeba and ciliates - shoes: b) about the relationship between the structure of a unicellular organism and the way it is fed
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CORAL "DEER HORNS" INHABITS IN A SMALL INHABITS IN A SMALL DEPTH IN THE TROPICAL ZONE OF THE OCEAN. LIVE CORALS HAVE LIVE CORALS HAVE LIGHT - BROWN COLOR. CORAL WITH FRAGILE LIME TISSUE SKELETON. CORAL BRANCHES MADE - CORAL BRANCHES MADE - CROWN WHITE AFTER SOAKING IN WATER.
CORAL "FUNGIA". CORAL FORMS ONE GIANT POLYP. CORAL FORMS ONE GIANT POLYP. DOES NOT FORM COLONIES. DOES NOT FORM COLONIES. LENGTH 20 CENTIMETERS. LENGTH 20 CENTIMETERS. DOES NOT ATTACH TO ROCKS, LIES AT THE BOTTOM. DOES NOT ATTACH TO ROCKS, LIES AT THE BOTTOM. LIVES BEYOND LIVES BEYOND THE SURFLINE, IN THE CALM WATERS OF THE LAGUNA. SURFACE, IN THE CALM WATERS OF THE LAGUNA.
TYPE OF MOLLUSCS. CLASSES: PERSONAL, BALVES, HEAD. SOFT ANIMALS, INSERTED SALT AND FRESH WATER. 130 THOUSAND SPECIES. SOFT ANIMALS, INSERTED SALT AND FRESH WATER. 130 THOUSAND SPECIES. FOOD TYPES: FILTERS, PREDATORY, VEGETABLE. FOOD TYPES: FILTERS, PREDATORY, VEGETABLE. DEPARTMENTS OF THE BODY: HEAD, TORSO, LEG (not in bivalves) DEPARTMENTS OF THE BODY: HEAD, TORSO, LEG (not in bivalves) THE BODY OF MOST SPECIES IS COVERED WITH A SINK. THE BODY OF MOST SPECIES IS COVERED WITH A SINK. PRESENCE OF THE MANTLE - BACK SKIN FOLD. PRESENCE OF THE MANTLE - BACK SKIN FOLD. PRESENCE OF MANTLE CAVITY, ORGAN SYSTEMS. PRESENCE OF MANTLE CAVITY, ORGAN SYSTEMS. BREATHING IN WATER GILLS, GROUND-LIGHT BREATHING. BREATHING IN WATER GILLS, GROUND-LIGHT BREATHING. BLOOD SYSTEM NOT CLOSED. BLOOD SYSTEM NOT CLOSED. ORGANS OF KIDNEY EXTRACTION. ORGANS OF KIDNEY EXTRACTION. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS MOST DEVELOPED IN THE CAP. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS MOST DEVELOPED IN THE CAP.
"COMB OF VENUS", SEA SCALPKHLAMIS. COMB OF VENUS (1) TROPICAL MOLLUSC - PREDATOR COMB OF VENUS (1) TROPICAL MOLLUSC - PREDATOR NICK. FEEDED BY DOUBLE NICK. FEEDS ON BIVALVE MI MOLLUSCS. MI MOLLUSCS. LONG GROWTH ON CANCER LONG GROWTH ON CANCER DOESN'T MAKE IT LIKE A CREST. CREST. SEA SCALPKHLAMIS. DOUBLE CLAM - ABOUT A THOUGHT OBJECT, USES A JET WATER JET, PLATES ABOVE THE BOTTOM. FEEDS ON PLANKTON, STEP WATER FROM WATER.
"PRIMORSKY SCALPHOK". BALVES CLAMBAL CLAMPS INHABITS ON THE SHORES OF THE SAHA - INHABITS FROM THE SHORES OF THE SAHA - LINA, THE KURIL ISLANDS SHELL DIAMETER 20 CM. MOLLUSC - VALUABLE FISHING SPECIES. ESTABLISHED UNDERWATER FARMS FOR CULTIVATION OF SEA SCALPES.
MOLLUSC "ARCHITECTONIKA" ITS NAME PANJO - ITS NAME PANYUKHO - LEGS MOLLUSC HALF CHILLED BECAUSE OF UNUSUAL STRUCTURE DUE TO UNUSUAL STRUCTURE OF THE SINK. SINK TURNS - SINK TURNS WILL FORM A DOME WITH A HOLE IN THE MIDDLE. LIVES OFF THE COAST OF YAPO - NII AT A DEPTH OF 35 - 55 M.
TYPE MEMBERSHIP. CLASS CRACESE. MEMBERSHIP TYPE IS THE MOST NUMEROUS - IN THE WORLD OF ANIMALS. MEMBERSHIP TYPE IS THE MOST NUMEROUS - IN THE WORLD OF ANIMALS. SIGNS OF TYPE: REPRESENTATIVES WITH MIXED LEGS. SIGNS OF TYPE: REPRESENTATIVES WITH MIXED LEGS. BILATERAL - SYMMETRICAL ANIMALS. BILATERAL - SYMMETRICAL ANIMALS. THE EXTERNAL COVER IS IMPREGNATED WITH CHITIN. THE EXTERNAL COVER IS IMPREGNATED WITH CHITIN. MOLT HAPPENS. MOLT HAPPENS. DEVELOPMENT HAPPENS WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFORMATION. DEVELOPMENT HAPPENS WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFORMATION. WELL DEVELOPED ORGANS OF VISION, Smell, WELL DEVELOPED ORGANS OF VISION, Smell, BALANCE, TOUCH. BALANCE, TOUCH.
EQUILOUS CRAB. THIS SPECIES INHABITS THIS SPECIES INHABITS AT THE DEPTH OF m. IS DISTRIBUTED IN THE OKHOTSK, BERING SEA. THE CRAB IS PRODUCED IN A LITTLE KOLI - HONOR.
FISH CLASSES. 20 THOUSAND SPECIES OF FISH, LIVING IN WATER ONLY 20 THOUSAND SPECIES OF FISH, LIVING IN WATER ONLY MOST OF THEM HAVE: CARILY OR BONE SKELETON. MOST OF THEM HAVE: CARILIDAL OR BONE SKELETON. WELL-DEVELOPED BRAIN. WELL-DEVELOPED BRAIN. SWIMMING BUBBLE. SWIMMING BUBBLE. GILLS COVERED BY GILL COVER. GILLS COVERED BY GILL COVER. BONE SCALE. BONE SCALE. PAIRED CHEST AND ABDOMINAL FINNERS. PAIRED CHEST AND ABDOMINAL FINNERS. CLASS 2: CARTELINE AND BONE. CLASS 2: CARTELINE AND BONE.
CLASS REPRESENTATIVE. MOST OF THE CLASS - LAND ANIMALS. MOST OF THE CLASS - LAND ANIMALS. SKIN IS DRY, OUTSIDE COVERED WITH HORNS SKIN DRY, OUTSIDE COVERED WITH HORNY CRESCINES, SHIELDS. SCRAPES, SHIELDS. REPRESENTATES BREATHE LUNGS, WHICH REPRESALES LUNGS BREATHE, WHICH HAVE A CELLULAR STRUCTURE. HAVE A CELLULAR STRUCTURE. THREE-CHAMBERED HEART: ONE VENTRICLE AND THREE-CHAMBERED HEART: ONE VENTRICLE AND TWO ATRIALS, 2 CIRCUITS. TWO ATRIALS, 2 CIRCUITS. BODY TEMPERATURE UNCONSTANT. BODY TEMPERATURE UNCONSTANT. BREEDING: LAY FERTILIZED BREEDING: LAY FERTILIZED EGGS COATED WITH A SKIN LAYER EGGS COVERED WITH A SKIN OR CALVE BREED. OR LIME SHELLS.
BISS SEA TURTLE. ALONG THE MIDDLE PAN LINE - ALONG THE MIDDLE PAN - CIRA LINE A “KEEL” IS SENT. DISTRIBUTED WIDE - DISTRIBUTED WIDE, BUT BEACHES SELECT FOR REPRODUCTION. NIGHT FEMALE DEPOSITS - NIGHT FEMALE DEPOSITS - WIGLING AND BURYING EGGS. FEEDS ON ANIMAL AND FEED ON ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FOOD.
