Motion enhancement technology 1600. TV image processing systems. What is HDR

LED TVs use PMI technologies to improve picture quality. This is an index that determines the visual perception of dynamic scenes, which does not mean the frequency of playback of pictures. It is believed that the synchronization of the actual refresh rate of the television matrix and the flicker frequency of the screen backlight produces a more uniform and detailed dynamic picture.

The PMI abbreviation is used by LG. Other manufacturers call this technology differently:

  • CMR - Samsung;
  • AMR - Toshiba;
  • CMI - Thomson;
  • PMR - Philips;
  • MXR - Sony.

Technically, however, the Dynamic Image Index works the same for different manufacturers' cameras.

Why are high frequency TVs needed

Previously, Hertz (200, 400, 800, etc.) were used to describe the frame rate of a TV, but this cannot be called correct. Now manufacturers separately prescribe the index of visual perception of dynamic scenes and the frame rate of the TV matrix. For example, 1900 PMI / 500 Hz.

Above 50 Hz, screen flickering is not noticeable to the human eye. However, manufacturers produce devices with a matrix frequency of 100-240 Hz. This is necessary in order to remove the flickering effect in devices using 3D technology and programs for increasing the frame rate in dynamic images.

When using active 3D technology, there is an alternate darkening for the right and left eyes. In this case, the frequency is halved. This means that when broadcasting a movie at 60 frames / sec. the screen will flicker. This effect is removed by showing two identical frames that duplicate each other. This technology uses matrices with a frequency of 100-120 Hz.

A high frame rate is also important for those using a TV as a monitor for video games, provided there are scenes with a frame rate of more than 60 frames / sec. Then the ideal option would be a device with a matrix from 120 Hz to 240 Hz.

Talking about conventional TVs, the flickering will be felt only when viewing an image captured at a rate below 30 frames / sec. Additional frames are needed to significantly improve the perception of the video.

Types of TVs by PMI

The PMI score for LG TVs varies. Devices that do not use this technology are no longer produced, however, some consumers have them. Here you need to know that the picture on such a TV is displayed with the signal reception frequency without correction.

As for the 100 and 200 PMI technologies, they work in almost the same way. This means that to enhance the image, another one is added between the two existing frames. The difference between the two is in the image processing algorithm performed by the processor. The matrix used supports 60 Hz.

Speaking about technologies 300, 400, 450, 500 and 600 PMI it should be noted that this means that two or three additional frames are inserted between the main ones, and the frequency of the matrix used is 120 Hz. Depending on the work of the processor, additional frames can be identical or different from the main one. In addition, these indexes are characterized by the use of local dimming. In theory this technology allows you to improve the image of dynamic scenes, but in practice ordinary consumers do not notice this.

The technology in TVs 1000, 1200, 1600, 1900 PMI and above shows that this is characterized by the presence of a matrix with a frequency above 120 Hz and the use of faster processors. After analyzing real frames, they produce new ones, different from them. As with lower indexes of dynamic images, individual frames are inserted between the real ones.

PMI and TV selection

By and large, there is no need to pay significant attention to the PMI index when choosing a television. This indicator is rather a marketing ploy, and not a real technical characteristic, especially since different manufacturers interpret it in their own way, and there are no uniform standards.

Pay attention to PMI only when buying an LG TV, comparing products from different lines. The limit value of the indicator of dynamic scenes in the devices of this manufacturer can be 2000 PMI. The company guarantees a more natural picture with a higher PMI. Accordingly, the higher this index, the more expensive the TV will be.

To check how this technology works, you need to upload a video to a flash drive where there are dynamic scenes, for example, the movement of a car on a highway. The video quality should be Full HD 1920x1080. Then, when choosing a TV in a store, you need to ask the seller to play this video on devices with different PMIs. If there is no significant difference, then you can buy a cheaper TV with a lower index of dynamic scenes.

When choosing a TV, the buyer can see in the description of the selected model such a characteristic as PQI. What does it mean and what should be its optimal value? Now let's try to figure it out.

Picture Quality Index (PQI) is a picture quality index invented by Samsung marketers for the convenience of choosing a TV. It can have different meanings, which are in a wide range. It is believed that the higher this figure is, the better and more contrast the image will be during the rapid movement of objects on the TV screen. For example, in TVs of the Samsung trademark, there are 7 series models with a Picture Quality Index of 1400. Thanks to this indicator, a potential buyer will be able to compare the image quality of several TVs with each other when choosing a technique.

What indicators are taken into account?

The PQI calculation takes into account the action modern technologies in the display area of \u200b\u200bcolor and detail, image depth and contrast. This indicator replaced the CMR index - Image Hertz (Clear Motion Rate), which the manufacturer indicated until 2015. Clear Motion Rate (CMR) ranged from 200 - 400 - 600 - 600 or 1200 Hz. In 2016, Samsung specialists decided to come up with their own picture quality indicator by developing the PQI value.

PQI value in 9 series models

In 9 series models, PQI can range from 100 to 2400 units. However, not in all countries Samsung declares this index. For example, in the US, the manufacturer uses the MOTION RATE value instead of the PQI. This indicator indicates the number of frames per second shown on the screen (For TVs without 3D \u003d 100 - 200 Hz. TVs with 3D from 200 Hz) This approach is related to the requirements of local legislation to provide potential buyers with full information regarding the quality of technology.

The passport of every modern LCD TV or computer monitor contains such characteristics as the refresh rate of the screen. But even a sales assistant is not always able to explain how this indicator actually affects the image, how the picture differs at 50Hz, 100Hz, 200Hz and which frequency is better to choose. However, there is a difference, and quite noticeable: the number of Hz significantly affects the quality. Sometimes it is worth slightly increasing the purchase costs, but getting a better model with a clear image and smooth transitions dynamic frames.

This figure should not be confused with the filming rate of 24 frames per second, or the TV content rate of 50 frames. The refresh rate of a TV screen - or sweep - is measured in Hz (hertz). The Hz indicator indicates how many frames per second the panel can display.

The higher this characteristic, the clearer the picture will be, without "blurry" movements and flickering.

If you go a little deeper into history, then the already obsolete monitors and televisions had a modest frequency of 50Hz, not hiding the "blurry" scenes with the rapid movement of the object. Later they were replaced by more technological devices with 100Hz sweep. The new products have completely eliminated the unpleasant flickering, but there was still no need to talk about quality. As mentioned above, tele content produces 50 frames per second (which is equal to 50Hz), the updated models were "completed" intermediate frames, thus, slightly increasing the clarity of the image to a satisfactory level. But in comparison with their predecessors, TVs were considered excellent, and there was no better alternative.

High image quality will be provided at least 200Hz when digital video processing already projects three additional intermediate frames. Although the manufacturer promises that 100Hz is enough for modern technology, this is not entirely true. It is enough to turn on two TVs with different frequencies: in comparison, the difference in quality at 100 and 200 Hz will be noticeable. But the screen resolution should also be taken into account. For modern types, 120 Hz is sufficient.

Technical description of the unwrapping process

To understand what a refresh rate is, and how frames are drawn, you need to understand the types of LCD TVs and monitors that are on the market today.


Now about the technology of the display refresh rate itself. The television series provided through non-commutated communication channels produces 50 frames per second. Digital video processing made it possible to copy each frame and show it twice, so the 100Hz scan was born. The technology has eliminated the most uncomfortable image defect - flicker.

Further developments borrowed technologies from computer animation, when the technique takes two frames as a basis and intelligently creates all the intermediate ones, creating smooth and clear movement. Unlike a computer, a TV has no concept of a “future shot,” but that was enough. Completion of additional frames is carried out based on the analysis of the past, which provides a high accurate and smooth images... Objects moving at high speed are clear and not blurry.

What the market currently offers

The most modern panels today are considered to be 600 and 800 Hz panels with built-in Sub-Field Driving technology, which promises unsurpassed picture quality. There are many doubts about these characteristics. Mistrust in manufacturers was born long ago, when such equipment was just beginning to enter the market. In those days, marketers did not hesitate to ascribe hertz, when image finishing technologies inserted not copies of frames, but simply black pictures that the eye is not able to perceive. Thus, the quality did not improve, but the sale of digital electronics went very well. Modern LCD TVs of famous brands correspond to the parameters stated in the passport, and there is no need to doubt it. It is more important to take care of the availability of digitized satellite or cable TV channels.

What resolution affects

Talking about the scan frequency of the TV, one cannot fail to mention other important parameters. In addition to the above indicator, it is worth paying attention to screen resolutionwhich also has an impact on image quality. The indicator is measured in pixels (p).

It should be noted that the continuous development of technologies, their improvement, leads to the fact that each new model is much better than the previous one. About five years ago, 720p devices were at their peak, and modelFullHD at 1080p just appeared and cost twice as much, but today their cost is almost equal. Today's market has been updated with a new HDTV resolution metric - 4K Ultra HD, capable of displaying four times more pixels than Full HD.

NewUHDTV or 4K possesses greater color reproduction, 120Hz scanning frequency provides clear, crisp and realistic images. It is difficult to assess which is better: full immersion in 3D or ultra-realistic pictures of the new resolution format. But don't write off Full HD at 1080p. Although the permission fades into the background, it will be actively used for a long time. Most of the content is "sharpened" for this resolution, in contrast to the new UHDTV, under which films have not yet been released, and the existing ones are not cheap. Therefore, you can only choose based on the quality of the incoming signal.

Moreover, the weight of such a file is much larger, the current cables, Internet speed and Wi-Fi router will also have to be replaced with faster and more powerful ones capable of playing and displaying ultra-precise video format.

Summarizing

Taking into account all the relevant parameters, several conclusions can be drawn.

  1. Scanprovides smooth picture, clear storyboarding of moving objects.
  2. Resolution provides a realistic rendering of each frame, when you can see all the details, color, water or people movement is accurately reproduced.
  3. When choosing which TV model is better, it is worth analyzing all key characteristics in aggregate so that both the screen resolution and the frame refresh rate are at the same level.

Also, feel free to include and compare the image in the store before purchasing. Consultants will never be able to describe in words the picture quality of a particular model. Maximum comfort and satisfaction from a new purchase will be at their best if you approach the choice with a grain of salt.

Every year TVs are getting smarter and there are more and more characteristics that need to be considered when choosing. In this article, we will consider all the main functions and characteristics of TVs.

The most important indicator of a TV that affects image quality and how pleasant it will be to watch it is screen resolution. Currently, there are several standards for pixel resolution:

1366x768 (HD / 720p) - This resolution will work fine on TVs with a screen diagonal of up to 24" , with large diagonals it is better to choose a higher resolution.

1920x1080 (Full HD / 1080p) - Suitable for screens up to 55" .

3840x2160 (Ultra HD / 4K / 2160p)- The best choice, the highest resolution TV available in stores. From 40 ", for smaller diagonals it does not make sense.

Pixel resolution affects the clarity of the image, in simple words, with a higher resolution, the image looks smoother. It also depends on how far away the TV is located, the further away, the clearer the picture looks.

TV display types


Direct LED - the backlight is located behind the matrix. These displays consume more power and are thicker than other LED TVs.

Edge LED - allows you to make the TV very thin, the most common technology at the moment. The backlight is located at the edges of the screen, minus such an arrangement is visible light at the edges, especially noticeable in the dark.

QLED- Samsung exclusive technology. Very high peak brightness and wide color gamut, the best display at the moment in terms of image quality. The location of the backlight is the same as in Edge LED, with the same highlights.

OLED - the undeniable advantage is the absence of glare, because each diode is illuminated independently. High brightness and color rendering, but falls short of QLED. The main disadvantage of screen burnout is that a residual image of a static object may appear, and therefore a shorter service life.

If you look at curved screens, then everything is to your taste. Under certain conditions, this type of TV can be better than its flat-panel counterparts. But this applies to models with 4K resolution, which have a large diagonal. You also need to consider at what angle and at what distance to watch TV, so to speak, to sit in the comfort zone. If the TV is for home theater, then this form will be justified. And if you use it for family viewing, the curved screen will get in the way. In general, this screen shape is used more as a marketing ploy.

Smart TV function

Today this is a mandatory item. In this category of TVs, a prerequisite is to connect to the Internet using Wi-fi or network connection LAN. Browsing the web, watching movies and TV series online is done using applications or a browser.

The operating system is responsible for the speed, interface and usability of Smart TV. 3 main operating Systems for TVs:

Android TV - latest system for TVs. Due to the novelty it is damp, there are frequent freezes of the interface and other similar troubles.

Tizen tv (Samsung) and WebOS (LG) - stable and debugged systems, have reached almost their ideal. Compared to Android TV, there are fewer applications, but despite this, there is everything you might need.

Other characteristics


HDR - extended dynamic range, provides more natural color reproduction and contrast, and the brightness range on such TVs is many times greater than the capabilities of previous models. The result is a more lifelike image with dazzling whites and deep blacks. It is worth considering that these advantages are relevant when viewing content that supports the same HDR.

Image quality index- PMI (Picture Mastering Index) is LG TV technology. PQI (Picture Quality Index) - SAMSUNG technology. MXR (Motionflow XR) - Sony. PMR (Perfect Motion Rate) - Philips. The aggregate of the real refresh rate of the matrix with the flicker rate of the display backlight. By synchronizing these two values, you can supposedly get a smoother and more detailed image in dynamics. This is more a marketing idea than a real one. technical specificationsand is interpreted differently by different manufacturers. In this regard, when choosing a TV, one should not attach much importance to these numbers, however, when comparing different lines and models within the same brand, the characteristic can play a decisive role.



We recommend reading