The problem of Bunin's product is sunstroke. “History of creation and analysis of stories about love (" Sunstroke "," Clean Monday "). Ideological component of the story

Analysis of I. Bunin's story "Sunstroke"

A soft maple leaf gently and quiveringly ascends in the wind and falls again on the cold ground. He is so lonely that he does not care where fate takes him. Neither the warm rays of the gentle sun, nor the spring freshness of a frosty morning please him anymore. This little piece of paper is so defenseless that he has to come to terms with the fate of fate and only hope that someday he will be able to find his refuge.

In IA Bunin's story "Sunstroke" the lieutenant, like a lonely leaf, wanders around a strange city. This is a story about love at first sight, about a fleeting infatuation, about the power of passion and the bitterness of parting. In the work of I. A. Bunin, love is complex and unhappy. The heroes part, as if waking up after a sweet love dream.

The same thing happens with the lieutenant. The reader is presented with a picture of heat and stuffiness: sunburn on the body, boiling water, hot sea sand, a dusty cab ... The air is filled with love passion. A terribly stuffy, highly heated hotel room during the day is a reflection of the state of lovers. The white lowered curtains on the windows are the border of the soul, and the two unburned candles on the mirror are what may have been left here from the previous pair.

However, the time comes for parting, and a small, nameless woman, jokingly calling herself a beautiful stranger, leaves. The lieutenant does not immediately understand that love is leaving him. In a light, happy state of mind, he drove her to the pier, kissed her and carelessly returned to the hotel.

His soul was still full of it - and as empty as the hotel room. The scent of her good English cologne and her half-drunk cup only added to the loneliness. The lieutenant hastened to light a cigarette, but the cigarette smoke is not able to overcome melancholy and spiritual emptiness. Sometimes it happens that we understand what a wonderful person fate has brought us to, only at the moment when he is no longer there.

The lieutenant did not often fall in love, otherwise he would not call the experienced feeling "a strange adventure", would not agree with the nameless stranger that they both received something like a sunstroke.

Everything in the hotel room still reminded her of her. However, these recollections were heavy, from one glance at the unmade bed intensified the already unbearable melancholy. Somewhere out there, behind the open windows, a steamer with a mysterious stranger was sailing away from him.

For a moment, the lieutenant tried to imagine what a mysterious stranger felt, to feel himself in her place. Probably, she sits in a glass white saloon or on the deck and looks at the huge river glistening under the sun, at the oncoming rafts, at the yellow shallows, at the shining distance of water and sky, at all this immense Volga expanse. And he is tormented by loneliness, irritated by the bazaar talk and the creak of the wheels.

The life of the most ordinary person is often boring and monotonous. And only thanks to such fleeting meetings, people forget about everyday boring things, each parting gives hope for a new meeting, and nothing can be done about it. But where can the lieutenant meet his beloved in the big city? In addition, she has a family, a three-year-old daughter. One must continue to live, not let despair take over the mind and soul, at least for the sake of all future meetings.

Everything passes, as Julius Caesar said. At first, a strange, incomprehensible feeling overshadows the mind, but longing and loneliness inevitably remain in the past, as soon as a person again finds himself in society, communicates with interesting people. Meeting new people is the best cure for breakups. You do not need to withdraw into yourself, think about how to live this endless day with these memories, with this inseparable torment.

The lieutenant was alone in this godforsaken town. He hoped to find sympathy for himself from those around him. But the street only reinforced the painful memories. The hero could not understand how he could sit quietly on the box, smoke and generally be carefree, indifferent. He wanted to know if he was the only one so terribly unhappy in this whole city.

At the bazaar, everyone did nothing but praise their goods. All this was so stupid, absurd that the hero ran away from the market. In the cathedral, the lieutenant also did not find a refuge: there they sang loudly, cheerfully and decisively. No one cared about his loneliness, and the merciless sun burned inexorably. The shoulder straps and buttons of his jacket were so hot that it was impossible to touch them. The severity of the lieutenant's inner feelings was aggravated by the unbearable heat outside. Even yesterday, being under the power of love, he did not notice the scorching sun. Now, it seemed, nothing could overcome loneliness. The lieutenant tried to find solace in alcohol, but the vodka made his feelings even more wild. The hero so wanted to get rid of this love, and at the same time he dreamed of meeting again with his beloved. But how? He did not know her surname or her name.

The lieutenant's memory still retained the smell of her tan and gingham dress, the beauty of her strong body and the gracefulness of her small hands. Looking for a long time at the portrait of some military man on the photo display, the hero wondered if such love is needed, if then everything everyday becomes scary and wild, is it good when the heart is struck by too much love, too much happiness. They say everything is good in moderation. Once strong love, after parting, is replaced by envy of others. The same thing happened with the lieutenant: he began to languish with agonizing envy of all the suffering people. Everything around looked lonely: houses, streets ... It seemed that there was not a soul around. From the former prosperity there was only white thick dust lying on the pavement.

When the lieutenant returned to the hotel, the room had already been tidied up and seemed empty. The windows were closed, the curtains were drawn. Only a light breeze penetrated the room. The lieutenant was tired, besides, he was very drunk and lay with his hands under the back of his head. Tears of despair rolled down his cheeks, so strong was the feeling of a person's powerlessness in front of an almighty fate.

When the lieutenant woke up, the pain of loss dulled a little, as if he had parted with his beloved ten no ago. It was unbearable to stay in the room further. Money for the hero had lost all value, it is quite possible that memories of the city bazaar, of the greed of merchants were still fresh in his memory. Having paid generously with the cabman, he went to the pier and a minute later found himself on a crowded steamer following the stranger.

There was a denouement in the action, but at the very end of the story I. A. Bunin puts the final touch: in a few days the lieutenant has aged ten years. Feeling captivated by love, we do not think about the inevitable moment of parting. The more we love, the more painful our suffering becomes. This severity of parting with the person closest to you is incomparable. What does a person feel when he loses his love after unearthly happiness, if because of a fleeting hobby he ages ten years?

Human life is like a zebra: the white streak of joy and happiness will inevitably be replaced by a black one. But the success of one person does not mean the failure of another. We need to live with an open soul, giving joy to people, and then joy will return to our lives, more often we will lose our heads from happiness, rather than languish in anticipation of a new sunstroke. After all, there is nothing more unbearable than waiting.

"Sunstroke", like most of Bunin's prose of the emigration period, has a love theme. In it, the author shows that shared feelings can give rise to a serious love drama.

L.V. Nikulin in his book "Chekhov, Bunin, Kuprin: Literary Portraits" indicates that initially the story "Sunstroke" was named by the author "Accidental Acquaintance", then Bunin changes the name to "Ksenia". However, both of these names were crossed out by the author, since did not create a Bunin mood, "sound" (the first simply reported the event, the second called the potential name of the heroine).

The writer settled on the third, most successful, version - "Sunstroke", which figuratively conveys the state experienced by the protagonist of the story and helps to reveal the essential features of Bunin's vision of love: suddenness, brightness, short duration of feeling that instantly captures a person and, as it were, burns him to ashes.

We learn little about the main characters of the story. The author does not indicate either names or ages. With such a technique, the writer, as it were, elevates his heroes above the environment, time and circumstances. There are two main characters in the story - the lieutenant and his fellow traveler. They had known each other for only a day and could not imagine that an unexpected acquaintance could turn into a feeling that none of them had experienced in their entire life. But the lovers are forced to leave, tk. In the writer's understanding, everyday life and everyday life are contraindicated in love, they can only destroy and kill it.

Here the direct polemic with one of the famous stories of A.P. Chekhov's "The Lady with the Dog", where the same unexpected meeting of the heroes and the love that visited them continues, develops in time, overcomes the test of everyday life. The author of "Sunstroke" could not go for such a plot decision, because "ordinary life" does not arouse his interest and lies outside the bounds of his love concept.

The writer does not immediately give his characters the opportunity to realize everything that happened to them. The whole story of the rapprochement of the heroes is a kind of exposition of action, preparation for the shock that will happen in the soul of the lieutenant later, and in which he will not immediately believe. This happens after the hero, having seen his fellow traveler, returns to the room. At first, the lieutenant is struck by the strange feeling of the emptiness of his room.

In the further development of the action, the contrast between the absence of the heroine in the real surrounding space and her presence in the soul and memory of the protagonist gradually increases. The inner world of the lieutenant is filled with a feeling of improbability, unnaturalness of everything that happened and unbearable pain of loss.

The writer conveys the hero's painful love experiences through changes in his mood. At first, the lieutenant's heart squeezes with tenderness, he yearns, while trying to hide his confusion. Then there is a kind of dialogue between the lieutenant and himself.

Bunin pays special attention to the hero's gestures, his facial expressions and looks. Also important are his impressions, which are manifested in the form of phrases spoken aloud, rather elementary, but percussive. Only occasionally is the reader given the opportunity to know the thoughts of the hero. In this way, Bunin constructs his psychological analysis of the author - both secret and explicit.

The hero tries to laugh, drive away sad thoughts, but he fails. Every now and then he sees objects that remind of a stranger: a crumpled bed, a hairpin, an unfinished cup of coffee; smells her perfume. This is how anguish and melancholy arise, leaving no trace of the former lightness and carelessness. Showing the gap that lies between the past and the present, the writer accentuates the subjective-lyrical experience of time: the present momentary, spent with the heroes together and that eternity into which time without a beloved develops for the lieutenant.

After parting with the heroine, the lieutenant realizes that his life has lost all meaning. It is even known that in one of the editions of "Sunstroke" it was written that the lieutenant was persistently thinking about suicide. So, literally before the eyes of the reader, a kind of metamorphosis is taking place: in the place of a completely ordinary and unremarkable army lieutenant, a man has appeared who thinks in a new way, suffers and feels ten years older.

Writing

The title of a poetic work is always important, because it always points to the main character of its characters, in which the idea of the composition is embodied, or directly to this thought.
V. G. Belinsky

The theme of "Sunstroke" (1925) is an image of love that suddenly seizes a person and remains in his soul the brightest memory for life. The idea of the story is in that original understanding of love, which is associated with the philosophical views of the writer on man and his life. Love, from the point of view of Bunin, is the moment when all the emotional abilities of a person are exacerbated and he breaks away from the gray, unsettled, unhappy reality and comprehends a “wonderful moment”. This moment quickly passes, leaving in the hero's soul regret about the irreversibility of happiness and gratitude that it did exist. That is why the short-term, piercing and delightful feeling of two young people who accidentally met on a steamer and parted forever in a day is compared in the story to sunstroke. The heroine says about this: "We both got something like a sunstroke ...".

It is interesting that this figurative expression is confirmed by the real stifling heat of the described day. The author gradually builds up the impression of heat: on the steamer it smells hot of the kitchen; "The beautiful stranger" is going home from Anapa, where she was sunbathing under the southern sun on the hot sand; the night when the heroes got off the steamer was very warm; the footman in the hotel is dressed in a pink blouse; it is terribly stuffy in a hot hotel room during the day, etc. The day following the night was also sunny and so hot that it hurt to touch the metal buttons on the lieutenant's tunic. The town smells annoyingly of various bazaar foods.

All the experiences of the lieutenant after a fleeting adventure really resemble a painful condition after a sunstroke, when (for medical reasons) a person, as a result of dehydration of the body, feels a headache, dizziness, irritability. However, this agitated state of the hero is not the result of overheating of the body, but a consequence of the realization of the significance and value of the empty adventure that he has just experienced. It was the brightest event in the life of the lieutenant and the "beautiful stranger": "both of them remembered this moment for many years later: never, nothing like this had been experienced by either one or the other in their entire life." Thus, for Bunin, a moment of happiness and his whole life become values of the same order. The writer is attracted by the "mystery of being" - a combination of joy and sadness, miracle and horror.

The story "Sunstroke" is short, with five out of six pages describing the feelings of the lieutenant after parting with the "beautiful stranger." In other words, it is not interesting for Bunin to draw the various vicissitudes of love (they have already been drawn in Russian and world literature thousands of times) - the writer comprehends the meaning of love in human life, without exchanging for enticing little trinkets. Therefore, it is interesting to compare the image of love in Bunin's story "Sunstroke" and in Chekhov's story "The Lady with the Dog", especially since literary critics note the similarity of the plots of these works.

Both Chekhov and Bunin show a gray, everyday life that stifles human feelings, but they show it in different ways. Chekhov shows the nightmare of life around him, depicting its vulgarity; Bunin - depicting a moment of true passion, that is, real life, according to the writer, which is so unlike the gray routine. Chekhovsky Gurov, returning to Moscow, cannot tell anyone about his acquaintance with Anna Sergeevna. Once, however, he confesses to his card partner that he met a charming woman in Crimea, but in response he hears: “And just now you were right: sturgeon with a smell!” (III). This phrase made Gurov horrified at his usual life, because he realized that even "in an educated society" very few people care about high feelings. And the Bunin heroes are seized by the same fear and despair as Gurov. At the moment of happiness, they deliberately fenced off from everyday life, and Bunin, as it were, says to his readers: "Now think for yourself what your usual existence is worth in comparison with the beautiful moments of love."

Summing up, it should be admitted that in Bunin's story, the sunstroke has become an allegory of high love that a person can only dream of. In "Sunstroke" both artistic principles and philosophical views of the writer are demonstrated.

Bunin's philosophy of life is such that the moment when a person immediately recognizes the happiness of love (as in Sunstroke) or the meaning of being is revealed to him (as in Silence) is truly valuable for him. sunstroke, and the rest of life is held only by deliciously sad memories of him.

However, it seems that such a philosophy devalues the rest of a person's life, which becomes just a vegetation between rare moments of happiness. Gurov in "The Lady with the Dog" knows no worse than Bunin's "beautiful stranger" that after several happy days of love everything will end (II), the prose of life will return, but he beat Anna Sergeevna and therefore does not leave her. Chekhov's heroes do not flee from love, and thanks to this, Gurov was able to feel that “now that his head has turned gray, he has fallen in love, properly, for real, for the first time in his life” (IV). In other words, "The Lady with the Dog" only begins where the "Sunstroke" ends. Bunin's heroes have enough passionate feelings for one brightly emotional scene in a hotel, while Chekhov's heroes try to overcome the vulgarity of life, and this desire changes them, makes them nobler. The second life position seems to be more correct, although rarely does anyone succeed.

Bunin's artistic principles, which are reflected in the story, include, firstly, an uncomplicated plot, interesting not with exciting twists, but with its inner depth, and secondly, a special subject depiction, which gives the story believability and persuasiveness. Thirdly, Bunin's critical attitude to the surrounding reality is expressed indirectly: in the ordinary life of the heroes, he draws an extraordinary love adventure, which shows in an unsightly form all their usual existence.

The theme of love is the main one in the work of Ivan Alexandrovich Bunin. Sunstroke is one of his most famous stories. An analysis of this work helps to reveal the author's views on love and its role in the fate of a person.

What is typical for Bunin, he focuses not on platonic feelings, but on romance, passion, desire. For the beginning of the 20th century, this can be considered a bold innovative decision: no one before Bunin openly chanted and spiritualized bodily feelings. For a married woman, a fleeting relationship was an unforgivable, grave sin.

The author stated: "All love is a great happiness, even if it is not shared." This statement also applies to this story. In him, love comes as an inspiration, like a bright flash, like a sunstroke. It is a spontaneous and often tragic feeling that is nevertheless a great gift.

In the story "Sunstroke" Bunin talks about a fleeting romance between a lieutenant and a married lady, who sailed on the same ship and suddenly flared up with passion for each other. The author sees the eternal secret of love in the fact that the heroes are not free in their passion: after a night they part forever, not even knowing each other's names.

The motif of the sun in the story gradually changes its color. If at the beginning the luminary is associated with joyful light, life and love, then at the end the hero sees in front of him "Aimless sun" and understands what he experienced "Terrible sunstroke"... The cloudless sky became grayish for him, and the street, resting against it, hunched over. The lieutenant is yearning and feels 10 years older: he does not know how to find a lady and tell her that he can no longer live without her. What happened to the heroine remains a mystery, but we guess that falling in love will also leave an imprint on her.

Bunin's narrative style is very "dense". He is a master of the short genre, and in a small volume he manages to fully reveal the images and convey his idea. The story contains many short but succinct descriptive sentences. They are filled with epithets and details.

Interestingly, love is a scar that remains in the memory, but does not burden the soul. Waking up alone, the hero realizes that he is again able to see smiling people. He himself will soon be able to rejoice: a mental wound can heal and almost not hurt.

Bunin never wrote about happy love. According to him, the reunification of souls is a completely different feeling, which has nothing to do with sublime passion. True love, as already mentioned, comes and goes suddenly, like sunstroke.

The plot of the story

The storyline of the story is rather simple, although one should not forget that the action takes place a hundred years ago, when the morals were completely different, and it was not customary to write about it openly.

On a wonderful warm night, a man and a woman meet on the ship. They are both warmed up with wine, there are magnificent views around, the mood is good and there is romance everywhere. They talk, after that they spend the night together in the nearest hotel and leave when morning comes.

The meeting is so amazing, fleeting and unusual for both that the main characters did not even recognize each other's names. This madness is justified by the author: "I have never experienced anything like this in my entire life, neither one nor the other."

The fleeting meeting impressed the hero so much that he could not find a place for himself after parting, the next day. The lieutenant realizes that only now he understood what happiness can look like when the object of all desires is nearby. After all, for a moment, even if this night, he was the happiest person on earth. The tragedy of the situation was also added by the realization that most likely he would not see her again.

At the beginning of their acquaintance, the lieutenant and the stranger did not exchange any data, they did not even recognize each other's names. As if dooming yourself in advance to one and only communication. Young people retired with one single purpose. But this does not denigrate them, they have a serious excuse for their action. The reader learns about this from the words of the main character. After a night spent together, she seemed to conclude: "It was as if an eclipse has come over me ... Or, rather, we both got something like a sunstroke ..." And this sweet young woman wants to believe.

The narrator manages to dispel any illusions about the possible future of a wonderful couple and reports that the stranger has a family, a husband and a little daughter. And the main character, when he remembered himself, assessed the situation and decided not to lose such a beloved object of personal preference, suddenly realizes that he cannot even send a telegram to his night lover. He does not know anything about her, neither name, nor surname, nor address.

Although the author did not pay attention to the detailed description of the woman, the reader likes her. I would like to believe that the mysterious stranger is beautiful and smart. And this incident should be perceived as a sunstroke, nothing more.

Probably, Bunin created the image of a femme fatale who represented his own ideal. And although there is no detail either in appearance or in the inner filling of the heroine, we know that she has a simple and adorable laugh, long hair, since she wears hairpins. The woman has a strong and elastic body, strong small arms. About her grooming can be said by the fact that close to her there is a subtle scent of perfume.

Semantic load

In his work, Bunin did not concretize. There are no names or titles in the story. The reader does not know which steamer the main characters were sailing, in which city they made a stop. Even the names of the heroes remain unknown.

Probably, the writer wanted the reader to understand that names and titles are not important when it comes to such a sublime feeling as falling in love and love. This is not to say that the lieutenant and the married lady have a great secret love. The passion that flared up between them, most likely, was initially perceived by both of them as an affair during a trip. But something happened in the soul of the lieutenant, and now he does not find a place for himself from the surging feelings.

From the story you can see that the writer himself is a psychologist of personalities. This can be easily traced by the behavior of the protagonist. At first, the lieutenant parted with his stranger with such ease and even joy. However, after a while, he wonders what is it about this woman that makes him think about her every second, which is why now the whole world is not pleasant to him.

The writer managed to convey all the tragedy of unfulfilled or lost love.

The structure of the work

In his story, Bunin described, without pretense and embarrassment, a phenomenon that the common people call treason. But he was able to do it very subtly and beautifully, thanks to his writing talent.

In fact, the reader becomes a witness of the greatest feeling that has just been born - love. But it happens in reverse chronological order. The standard scheme: peering, acquaintance, walking, meeting, dining - all this is thrown aside. Only the acquaintance of the main characters that took place immediately leads them to the climax in the relationship between a man and a woman. And only after parting, satisfied passion suddenly gives birth to love.

"The feeling of the pleasure he had just experienced was still alive in him, but now the main thing was a new feeling."

The author conveys feelings in detail, placing emphasis on such trifles as smells and sounds. For example, the story describes in detail the morning when the market square is open, with its own smells and sounds. And from the nearby church bells can be heard ringing. It all seems happy and bright, and contributes to an unprecedented romance. At the end of the work, all the same seems to the hero unpleasant, loud and irritable. The sun no longer warms, but beats down, and one wants to hide from it.

In conclusion, one phrase should be quoted:

"The dark summer dawn was dying out far ahead, gloomy, sleepy and multicolored reflected in the river ... and the lights floated and floated back, scattered in the darkness around"

This is what reveals the concept of love of the author himself. Once Bunin himself said that there is no happiness in life, but there are some happy moments that need to be lived and appreciated. After all, love can appear suddenly, and disappear forever. Sadly, but in Bunin's stories, the heroes constantly part. Perhaps he wants to tell us that there is a lot of meaning in separation, because of it, love remains deep in the soul and diversifies human sensitivity. And it all really looks like sunstroke.