Vegetative propagation. presentation for a biology lesson (6th grade) on the topic. Vegetative propagation of plants. Methods of vegetative propagation of plants presentation

Vegetative propagation of plants and its use by humans.

According to the textbook:

I.N. Ponomareva

I.V. Nikolaev

O.A. Kornilova

Chemistry and biology teacher at MKOU BSE No. 2

r Bredy

Ushkareva V.Ya

Meadow heartwood

Vegetative propagation of plants

This is an increase in the number of individuals due to the separation of vegetative organs or their parts and their subsequent restoration to a complete organism.

Vegetative propagation of plants: rhizomes (1- snitch, 2- bought); stem cuttings (3- currant); mustache (4- strawberries); bulbs (5- tulip); leaf (6- begonia); brood buds ami (7- bryophyllum)

In the process of evolution, many plants have developed special specialized, organs, ensuring their vegetative propagation: tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, stolons, tendrils, corms, brood buds - special adventitious buds.

The formation of daughter individuals similar to the maternal ones in terms of hereditary characteristics

Ensuring a rapid increase in the number of species and its distribution

Obtaining a large amount of planting material

Preservation of valuable hereditary properties of the mother in descendants

People have been widely using vegetative propagation in their farming for a long time. Propagation of potatoes, strawberries, sugar cane, bananas in all countries of the world is carried out only by vegetative means - tubers, tendrils and rhizomes

potatoes b

Sugar cane

strawberries

banana

Vegetative propagation

flowering plants

The main methods of artificial vegetative propagation are, as a rule, the same as for plants in natural conditions.

Agricultural practices use forms of vegetative propagation of plants that are not found in the wild.

Reproduction

Tissue culture

vaccination

Steblev

With an eye

cuttings

(one kidney)

Graft - This is the transplantation of vegetative parts of one plant to another and merging them with each other.

Rose rootstock

The plant that is grafted onto is called rootstock

• A plant that is grafted onto a rootstock is called scion

Kidney grafting

Grafting with an eye - one kidney - is called budding.

Grafting is usually done in the spring, when the plants are actively sap flowing. .

Cuttings are harvested in winter and stored until spring in a cold place, usually under snow.

Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (1855- 1935)

developed many varieties of fruit and berry crops

Take small pieces of living tissue, or individual cells from any organ

Tissue culture

After a while, small rudiments of new plants appear in the test tube

Under sterile conditions

From one or more plant cells, a new organism is formed that has the properties of the organism from which the cells were taken

Tissue culture can be used to propagate plants that are difficult to reproduce or cannot be propagated by other vegetative methods.

Medicinal

- ginseng

ginkgo

Exotic decorative-

orchids

Protected wild plants

cedar

Think about it

• Vegetative propagation of plants - This is a natural way for them to reproduce and disperse. It complements, and in some cases replaces, the sexual reproduction of plants. The peculiarity of vegetative propagation is that the daughter organisms repeat the properties of the mother plant almost without changes, since their hereditary properties are determined by only one parent organism . Vegetative propagation is widely used in agricultural practice. Grafting and the use of tissue culture are important methods of vegetative propagation.

1. What methods of reproduction have you observed or used yourself in the classroom, at home, or in your garden?

2. Why do plant growers often use vegetative propagation of plants?

3. Why, when cutting indoor plants, are pots with cuttings usually covered with glass jars?

Vegetative reproduction is a method of asexual reproduction in which new individuals are formed from vegetative organs, their parts or their
Vegetative propagation is a method of asexual
reproduction, in which new individuals
are formed from vegetative organs, their parts or
their modifications, as well as groups of cells.

Vegetative propagation of plants

Rhizomes

Rhizome - an underground shoot that performs the functions
deposition of reserve nutrients, renewal and
vegetative propagation for example: royal begonia,
iris, lily of the valley, mint, ferns, peony, wheatgrass
creeping
Lily of the valley
Iris

Tubers

Tubers are thickened, fleshy parts of the stem consisting of
one or more internodes. There are aboveground and
underground. Aboveground - thickening of the main stem
(kohlrabi), side shoots. Often have leaves
Kohlrabi

Tubers

Underground tubers - thickening of underground
shoots (potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes). On
underground tubers leaves are reduced to
scales that fall off. In the leaf axils
there are buds - eyes. underground tubers
usually develop on stolons - daughter
shoots - from the buds located at
the bases of the main shoot look like
very thin white stems bearing
small colorless scale-like leaves,
grow horizontally. Tubers develop from
apical buds of stolons
Potato

Usami

Ground stolons (mustache) - short-lived creeping shoots,
serving for vegetative propagation. Found in many
plants (drupe, creeping bentgrass, forest and garden strawberries).
They usually lack developed green leaves, their stems are thin,
fragile, with very long internodes. Apical bud
the stolon, bending upward, gives a rosette of leaves, which is easily
takes root. After the new plant takes root, the stolons are destroyed
Strawberries

Brood buds

In some liver mosses
there are brood buds.
They consist of 2–3 cells
On the leaves of Kalanchoe
are also developing
brood buds

By layering

If the currant shoot
press him to the ground
will give adventitious roots
and shoots from the side
kidney Such an escape
called layering.
Layered man
multiplies many
garden shrubs
(gooseberry,
currant)

Vaccination

Vegetative shoot
Vaccination
When grafting, part of the shoot, called the scion, is not rooted;
and they are usually grafted onto another plant of the same or a similar one
kind. This is an excellent way to propagate fruit trees.
valuable varieties that have existed for a long time.
Plum, peach, cherry, apricot, apple tree

Graft

Grafting is the grafting of part of one plant onto another.
Plants that have difficulty
formation of adventitious roots.
Graft:
a) kidney (summer)
b) cuttings (in spring)
Scion - peephole or cuttings of a cultivated plant
plants that are grafted.
Rootstock is the plant to which it is grafted.
Dichok is a young plant grown from
fruit tree seed

Graft

Bulbs

Bulb - underground, less often aboveground shoot with a very short
flattened stem (bottom) and scale-like fleshy,
succulent leaves that store water and nutrients.
The bulbs are characteristic of plants from the lily family
(lilies, tulips, scillas, onions) and amaryllis (amaryllis,
daffodils, hyacinths)
Onion
Narcissus

Corms

Corms - similar in appearance to bulbs, but lacking fleshy
leaves, and accumulates reserve substances in a short swollen stem.
The outside of the corm is covered with dry filmy leaves - the remains of
last year's aboveground vegetative leaves. Roots, like those of an onion,
subordinate clauses, they can be shortened. Increase in quantity
Corms occur through the formation of several daughter corms (children).
Characteristic of gladioli, saffron (crocus).
Gladiolus
Children (2) are formed in
end of the growing season
period at the base
corms (1) and
are organs
vegetative
reproduction
gladioli.

Stem cuttings

A stem cutting is
most often a piece
escape (several nodes
and internodes with
kidneys). If it
stick into wet
soil, it will take root -
will give adventitious roots,
and from the kidneys it will develop
shoots. So from one
currant sprigs
available
several bushes
(currants, grapes,
ivy)
Currant

Leaf cuttings

Some types of indoor plants propagate
leaf cuttings - begonia, saintpaulia (uzambar
violet), lemon. The leaves are planted in moist soil. After
this causes adventitious buds to develop on the leaves and
adventitious roots

Root cuttings

A root cutting is a piece of root 15-25 cm long. On a planted
into the soil the root cuttings from adventitious buds develop above-ground
shoots from the bases of which adventitious roots grow. Developing
a new, independently existing plant. Root cuttings
propagate garden raspberries, rose hips, some varieties of apple trees and
ornamental plants

Root suckers

Some plants can form shoots on their roots and thus
multiply.
Sea buckthorn, raspberry, aster, lily of the valley, valerian, mint
Aspen

Root tubers
The root tuber is a thickening of adnexal components
parts of the fibrous root system. Despite different origins and
location with tubers of shoots, such modifications perform
absolutely identical functions.
Root tubers are characteristic of dahlia, sweet potato, and chistyak.
Sweet potato

Dividing the bush
An adult bush is divided into two or more parts.
Chlorophytum, primrose, bluebell, bamboo, orchids,
ferns

Vegetative propagation of plants

The importance of vegetative propagation
Biological
meaning
Plant propagation in
in case of damage
significant part of the plant
(fires, logging, etc.);
Quick resettlement
new territory
Possibility of reproduction
flowering plants at
absence of factors
cross pollination by wind, insects
Economic
meaning
Possibility of fast
biennial reproduction
and perennial plants;
Necessity
preservation of hereditary
characteristics of the variety;
Possibility of combination
useful signs
several plants in
one
Plants that appeared
through vegetative
reproduction, maybe earlier
go to fruiting

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Slide captions:

Vegetative propagation MBOU Secondary School No. 30, Rostov-on-Don

Lesson objectives: To study methods of vegetative propagation of plants; Complete a practical task on planting a houseplant using one of the methods of vegetative propagation.

Dictionary Vegetative reproduction is the formation of a new individual from the multicellular part of the body of the parent individual, one of the methods of asexual reproduction characteristic of multicellular organisms.

Vegetative propagation of plants

Reproduction by roots Root suckers Sea buckthorn Raspberry Aster Lily of the valley Valerian Agave Dracaena Mint

Propagation by roots Root cuttings Propagation by roots Cut into pieces by cuttings: cut off 5 cm long roots and make an oblique cut. Stick the cuttings into the soil mixture. Young plants for seedlings, sprinkle on top and transplant into pots or a layer of sand or expanded clay. immediately plant Turkish poppy, Japanese anemone or mullein in open ground

By root tubers Reproduction by roots 4 - Thickened roots are divided into parts so that each has at least one bud. 5 - The surface of the cuts is treated with a fungicide. The material is left for a while in a dry, warm, well-ventilated place. 6 - When a protective cork layer is formed on the surface of the cuts, the cuttings are planted. Dahlias Begonias

Reproduction by stems Underground shoots Tubers Artichoke Ground pear Potatoes Water lilies Nasturtiums Yams

Reproduction by stems Underground shoots Rhizome After the plant has flowered, it is dug up and the lateral shoots are separated. Trim off the tops of long leaves. Planted so that the rhizome shoot is located directly below the soil surface. Begonia royal Iris Canna May lily of the valley Mint Ferns (some) Peony Wheatgrass creeping Sansevieria

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Slide captions:

Reproduction by stems Underground shoots Bulbs Narcissus Tulip Onion Lilies Narcissus Snowdrop

Propagation by stems Ground shoots Stem cuttings Grapes Hevea Camellia Ivy

Reproduction by stems Ground shoots “Whiskers” Gravilat creeping; Creeping tenacious; Strawberries; Cereals - some types; Saxifraga shoot; Bloodroot

Reproduction by stems Ground shoots Grafting Shield grafting Shoot grafting Plum Peach Cherry Apricot Apple tree

Propagation by leaves Leaf blade with petiole: Begonias - except royal Leaf cuttings with midrib: Gloxinia

The significance of vegetative propagation Biological significance Economic significance Reproduction of plants in the event of damage to a significant part of the plant (fires, felling, etc.); Possibility of reproduction of flowering plants in the absence of cross-pollination factors - wind, insects. Possibility of rapid reproduction of biennial and perennial plants; The need to preserve the hereditary characteristics of the variety; Possibility of combining beneficial traits of several plants in one.

Homework § 43

Vegetative propagation of plants

6th grade. Plants. Bacteria. Mushrooms. Lichens. Compiled by: Stenina O.I. - teacher of biology and ecology, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 43

Reproduction is

the process of reproducing their own kind, as a result of which the number of individuals increases.

Vegetative propagation of plants is

plant reproduction using vegetative organs. (Remember which parts of the plant are called vegetative? Which plant organs belong to them?)

Leaf

• Cut the leaf stalk (leaf) with a clean, sharp knife.
• Place it in a glass of clean water.
• When well-defined roots appear, plant in the soil.

Vegetative shoot

Overhead escape

Underground escape

• Stem cutting
• Layering
• Usami

• tuber
• Rhizome
• Onion

Vegetative shoot

• Using a clean, sharp knife, cut off part of the stem (with 2-3 nodes)
• Place in a glass of water until roots appear
• Plant the cuttings in the soil

(Tradescantia, pelargonium, coleus and other indoor plants)

Stem cutting

• The branches of some tree species, such as beech, often produce roots where they contact the soil.

• Widely used in gardening. The easiest way: clear a young shoot of foliage, bend it to the ground and dig it in at the end of spring and beginning of summer (gooseberries, currants)

• Nowadays, they use an incision in the shoot with further treatment of the incision site with a hormonal powder that stimulates root formation.

• An important condition is that the soil at the cutting site must be constantly moist

Layering is a method of vegetative propagation in which the above-ground parts of the plant take root while they are part of the parent plant

By layering

Whiskers are creeping shoots with long internodes that arise from buds in the leaf axils at the base of the plant. They usually have underdeveloped scale-like leaves and take root at the nodes with the help of adventitious roots. The lateral buds located at the nodes produce new plants. The stems connecting them to the mother plant die over time, and each daughter plant becomes isolated.

Usami

A classic example of a plant that reproduces naturally by forming tendrils is strawberries.

Young plants usually take root fairly quickly and in turn form new tendrils.

Iris propagation occurs through rhizomes. It contains buds that give rise to young above-ground shoots. Over time, aging rhizomes die. As a result, individual shoots separate and become independent units. However, irises often grow in groups in natural conditions precisely because they originate from the same rhizome.

Rhizome

Tuber (lat. túber) is a modified shortened shoot of a plant, having a more or less spherical shape as a result of the growth of one or more internodes and with reduced leaves. Tubers develop, as a rule, at the ends of stolons - elongated lateral shoots of the rhizome.

tuber

Begonia tuber

Gloxinia tuber

Bulb (lat. búlbus) is a modified, usually underground shoot of plants with a thickened short flat stem (bottom) and overgrown fleshy or filmy colorless leaf bases (scales), storing water and nutrients, which also serve as an organ of vegetative propagation.

Narcissus, tulip, hyacinth, amaryllis, lily, onion, garlic

Onion

• Root suckers
• Root cuttings
• Root tubers

Root propagation

Some plants, like this aspen, can form shoots on their roots and thus reproduce.

This is how, for example, raspberries, blackberries, and some ornamental shrubs reproduce

Root suckers

Root cuttings are parts of the root; They are usually harvested in the fall, 10-15 cm long, stored buried in sand and peat, and planted in fertile soil in the spring. Root cuttings are used to propagate raspberries (red), blackberries, young apple tree seedlings, some varieties of cherries, plums, etc.

Root cuttings

The root tuber is a modified thickened root that is a receptacle for nutrients. For vegetative propagation, root tubers with a root collar on which adventitious buds are located are used.

Root tubers

With sufficient humidity and temperature, sprouts will soon appear. The root tubers are carefully removed and, dissecting with a knife, divided so that there are always one or two sprouts on each separated part. The sections are sprinkled with crushed charcoal and lightly dried.

and after a few hours they are planted in pots with nutritious soil. By dividing the root tuber, they propagate, for example, dahlias, chistyaks, and sweet potatoes.

We got acquainted with the main methods of vegetative propagation of plants. Look carefully at the following diagram.

What method of vegetative propagation have we yet to become familiar with?

• Paragraph of the textbook “Vegetative propagation of plants”, know the main methods of vegetative propagation, give examples of plants that reproduce in one way or another.
• Finish filling out the table in the notebook “Methods of vegetative propagation of plants”,
• Prepare a presentation and message on the topic “Plant propagation by grafting”
• Start working on a home project “Propagation of plants using vegetative methods”

Homework