Watch presentation about Anna Akhmatova. Biography of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova. Akhmatova's main achievements

Anna Gorenko (Akhmatova - pseudonym taken from
in his own words, in honor of his great-grandmother, Tatar
Princess Akhmatova) was born on June 11 (23), 1889 under
Odessa (Big Fountain). Her father was at that time
Retired Navy Mechanical Engineer. As a one-year-old child
she was transported north - to Tsarskoe Selo. There she is
lived until she was sixteen years old.
Odessa. Memorial
Akhmatova's board
Tsarskoe Selo in Akhmatova’s life meant
very much, its impact on her soul and
the poetic gift was enormous. This -
the poetic homeland of the great poet Pushkin.
According to her, she felt it all the time
living presence, because they were then, you can
say, peers: he is a lyceum student, she is
high school student

In 1905 after divorce
Akhmatov's parents
mother moved to
Evpatoria. In 1906-1907
she was a graduate student
class KievFundukleevskaya
gymnasium, in 1908-1910. in law
branch of Kyiv
higher women's courses.

In 1910 (April 25 this year) Anna married N.S. Gumilyov, his
Akhmatova spent her honeymoon in Paris, then moved to St. Petersburg
and from 1910 to 1916 she lived mainly in Tsarskoe Selo.
He loved three things in the world:
Behind the evening singing, white peacocks
And erased maps of America.
I didn't like it when children cried
Didn't like raspberry tea
And female hysteria.
... And I was his wife.
She is bright in the hours of languor
And holds lightning in his hand,
And her dreams are as clear as shadows
On the heavenly fiery sand.

Akhmatova began writing poetry at the age of 11. Her first collection
"Evening" amazed readers and connoisseurs - professionals
uniqueness and perfection. An unknown young poetess entered the
circle of his brilliant contemporaries (A. Blok, V. Bryusov, A.
Bely, Z. Gippius, M. Voloshin). According to her, in 1910
a crisis of symbolism emerged, and she became an “Acmeist.” Colors,
smells, everyday fragmentary speech, the world itself - everything was carefully and
at the same time, transfiguredly transferred into poetry, expressed visibly, accurately,
concisely. Therefore, critics spoke about the closeness of her poems to Russian
psychological novel of the 19th century.

“Evening”, “Rosary”, “White”
flock", "Plantain" is
books of love poetry.
Love drama
Akhmatova was portrayed in
almost everyday sphere:
authenticity of gestures and
behavior, but at the same time -
understatement,
reticence,
confessional intonation
created an atmosphere
silent
tension.
Akhmatov's speech
shows through
silence. Neither then nor
No one had written like that before.

A. Akhmatova, of all poetesses, began
century produced the most powerful
impression. Thin, tall.
Slender, with a proud turn
small head wrapped in
flowery shawl, Akhmatova was like
on gitana. Humped nose, dark
hair on the forehead is trimmed, on
the back of the head is picked up high
Spanish comb. Small,
thin, infrequently smiling mouth.
Dark stern eyes. She can't
was not noticeable. You can't pass her by
it was impossible to pass without admiring her.
Young people at literary evenings
I went crazy when Akhmatova
appeared on the stage. She did
this is good, skillful, with consciousness
feminine charm, with majestic
the confidence of an artist who knows
your worth.

Akhmatova met the news of the beginning of the First World War in the small estate of the Gumilevs, Slepnevo. This “Tver meager land” was included in the art.

Akhmatova met the news of the beginning of the First World War in
small estate of the Gumilevs Slepnevo. This is "Tver meager"
earth" entered into poetry. How then the story of the war that began entered into her destiny; remembered and incinerating the earth in July 1914
Sun. Family life did not work out, but when in August 1914
Gumilyov volunteered for the war, the thought of him will break through in poetry,
which sound like a prayer for the salvation of a warrior:
“And it’s a sin to cry, and it’s a sin to languish
In a sweet home!

Tragic years

During the tragic 1930s - 1940s
Akhmatova shared the fate
many of his compatriots,
having survived the arrest of her son, husband, death
friends, his separation from
party literature
by resolution of 1946 Himself
time gave her
moral right to say
along with the "hundred-millionth
by the people":
"We have not rejected a single blow.
Push".

In 1946, a campaign was opened against Akhmatova: her poetry was declared alien to the people, hostile to them, and derogatory remarks were directed at the poetess

In 1946, a campaign was launched against Akhmatova: her poetry
was declared alien to the people, hostile to them, and addressed to the poetess
there were derogatory words. For Akhmatova, the most
It's a hard time. Expelled from the Writers' Union, deprived of funds
existence, persecuted, she turns out to be an outcast
in your home country. The entire circulation of what had already been printed was destroyed.
1946 collection of her poems, there was excruciating poverty.

The ban on her name was lifted in the 50s. In her declining days, Akhmatova’s contribution to Russian and world poetry was appreciated by the award in 1964

International Prize "Etna-Taormina"
which was presented to her in a solemn ceremony in Sicily, and in
next year - an honorary doctorate from England's oldest
Oxford University.

March 5, 1966
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova
died in the village of Domodedovo,
March 10 after the funeral service in
St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral ashes
the poetess was buried on
cemetery in the village of Komarovo
Leningrad.
After her death, in 1987, in
the time of Perestroika, was
tragic and
majestic cycle "Requiem",
written in 1935 - 1943
(added in 1957 - 1961).

Anna Akhmatova

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Anna Akhmatova's birthplace is a dacha suburb of Odessa. 1891 - The Gorenko family moves to Tsarskoye Selo. 1900 - Anna Gorenko enters the Tsarskoye Selo Mariinsky Gymnasium. 1903 - Meeting Nikolai Gumilyov. 1905 - Inna Erasmovna, after divorcing her husband, took her children and moved to Crimea. 1906-1907 - Anna lives with relatives in Kyiv. 1909 - Anna accepts Gumilev’s official proposal to become his wife. April 25, 1910 - Anna Gorenko and Nikolai Gumilyov were married. 1911 - Anna enters the St. Petersburg Women's Courses. The first publication under the pseudonym ANNA AKHMATOVA - poetry. August 25, 1915 - Death of Akhmatova’s father. - Akhmatova.ppt

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova

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Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (1889-1966). “I was given a name at baptism – Anna...” At that time I was a guest on earth. Anna Akhmatova is the literary name of Anna Andreevna Gorenko. Akhmatova was born near Odessa, in the family of a retired naval mechanical engineer. And there is no end in sight to the procession of shadows From the granite vase to the door of the palace. K.I. Chukovsky: “I knew Anna Andreevna Akhmatova since 1912. Akhmatova: “I am marrying a friend of my youth, Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov. N. Gumilyov: I will throw myself on the creaky bed, The pillow is burning... no, I should not sleep, but wait. I'm coming back. The fluffy cat licks my palm and purrs sweetly. - A.A.Akhmatova.ppt

Akhmatov's lesson

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Lesson stages. Consolidation (explaining how to work with the test using a hyperlink). V. Control (testing) VI. Homework. Anna Akhmatova 1889-1966. Alexander Blok 1880-1921. I brought you a royal shroud as a gift! Akhmatova. Block. “Oh, how beautiful you are, damned” A. Akhmatova “All the curses of your beauty” A. Blok “Beauty” ashna, V a m s k a z h u t...” A. Blok. A. Akhmatova: “A poem without a hero.” A. Blok: “Retribution” “Dances of Death”. From Akhmatova: “And along the legendary embankment, the non-calendar century was approaching - the Real Twentieth Century.” Conclusions. - Akhmatov's lesson.ppt

Akhmatova

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“And yet they will recognize my voice...” Anna Andreevna Akhmatova. Each poem is a drama of a woman’s soul. I have no need for odic battles And the charm of elegiac undertakings. For me, everything in poetry should be out of place, Not like in people. An angry shout, a fresh smell of tar, Mysterious mold on the wall... And the poem already sounds, perky, tender, To the delight of you and me. Analysis of the poem. In Paris, in Berlin, they began to incline the name of Akhmatova in every possible way. But I always feel sorry for the exile, How a prisoner, like a sick person. Your road is dark, wanderer, Someone else's bread smells like wormwood. Since 1925, Akhmatova's poems have stopped being published altogether. - Anna Akhmatova.ppt

Poetess Akhmatova

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In addition to her artistic creativity, Akhmatova is known for her tragic fate. The experience of the wife and mother of “enemies of the people” is reflected in one of Akhmatova’s most famous works - the poem “Requiem”. Akhmatov's poetry is completely far from the people. Childhood. Akhmatova recalled that she learned to read from Leo Tolstoy’s alphabet. Life and art. In her youth she joined the Acmeists (collections “Evening”, 1912, “Rosary”, 1914). In “Poem without a Hero” (1940-1962), Akhmatova tried to recreate the era of the “Silver Age” of Russian literature. In addition to poetic works, Akhmatova has written articles about the work of A. S. Pushkin and memoirs about his contemporaries. - Poetess Akhmatova.ppt

Literature Akhmatova

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Anna Andreevna Akhmatova. Brief biography and work of the great Russian poetess. Big Fountain near Odessa. In 1905, after her parents’ divorce, Akhmatova and her mother moved to Yevpatoria. Books by Anna Akhmatova. Glory. After “The Rosary” fame comes to Akhmatova. They reacted more restrainedly, but still approvingly, to A.A. Akhmatova. Blok and V.Ya.Bryusov. World War I. Since 1924 They stop publishing Akhmatova. Tragic years. Akhmatova’s creativity as the largest phenomenon of the 20th century. received worldwide recognition. Museum. - Literature Akhmatova.pptx

Anna Akhmatova in literature

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Akhmatova is the voice of the era. "Anno Domini" (Summer of the Lord) "Plantain". “During the terrible years of the Yezhovshchina, I spent seventeen months in prison lines in Leningrad. One day someone “identified” me. And I said: I can. "Requiem". 1935. 1961. 1941. Great Patriotic War. Leningrad blockade. Heritage. Anna Akhmatova. “Evening” 1912. Anna Akhmatova. “Rosary” 1914. Anna Akhmatova. “White Flock” 1917. Anna Akhmatova. “Plantain” 1921. Anna Akhmatova. "Anno Domini MCMXXI" ed. “Petropolis”, P., 1922. Anna Akhmatova. From six books. Favorites. Poetry. Poems. 1909-1960. Time running. - Anna Akhmatova on literature.ppt

Akhmatova biography

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Anna Akhmatova. 1889 – 1966 I learned to live simply and wisely... Biographical facts. “I was born on June 11 (23), 1889 near Odessa. My father was at that time a retired naval mechanical engineer. The family was large. “As a one-year-old child, I was transported to Tsarskoye Selo. I lived there until I was sixteen.” The first poetic lines. “I wrote my first poem when I was eleven years old.” In 1910 she married N. Gumilyov... The newlyweds go abroad on a honeymoon. On September 18, 1912, the Gumilevs had a son, Lev. The beginning of creativity. In 1912, the first poetry collection “Evening” was published. - Akhmatova biography.ppt

Akhmatova's life

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Anna Akhmatova. “I am your voice. The heat of your breath." Today I have been silent since the morning, And my heart is in half. Love lyrics. Akhmatova and Gumilev. Let love lie like a tombstone on my life. Twenty first. Night. Monday. The outlines of the capital in the darkness. Some slacker wrote that there is love on earth. Akhmatova in the last years of his life. Manuscripts, photographs and other personal belongings of Akhmatova. Anna Akhmatova's dacha in Komarov. Monument to Anna Akhmatova. At Akhmatova's funeral. Initial view of the grave with a wooden cross. I learned to live simply and wisely, - Akhmatova’s life.ppt

Akhmatova's life and work

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“O Muse of Weeping, most beautiful of muses!” M. Tsvetaeva. The life and work of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (Gorenko). Born June 11 (23), 1889 near Odessa (Bolshoi Fontan). "... I was given a name at baptism - Anna." The dark-skinned youth wandered along the alleys, wandered along the lake shores, and for a century we cherish the barely audible rustle of footsteps. She wrote her first poem at the age of 11. She entered Russian literature under the pseudonym Akhmatova (grandmother's last name). In 1907, Anna Akhmatova graduated from the Fundukleevsky gymnasium in Kyiv. Then she entered the Faculty of Law of the Higher Women's Courses. - Life of Akhmatova.ppt

Years of Akhmatova's life

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Anna Akhmatova. A brief overview of life and work. Content. Childhood. As a one-year-old child, Tsarskoe Selo was transported. Where the statues remember me young. Adolescence. In 1905, after his parents’ divorce, he stayed with his mother and moved to Kyiv. Here Akhmatova graduates from the last class of the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. Youth. "Attempt at writing". In 1910, Akhmatova married Nikolai Gumilev, a young, famous poet. Acmeism. Years of terror. I sewed a bitter new thing for a friend. The Russian land loves, loves blood. Forced silence. World recognition. Stalin died. - Years of Akhmatova’s life.ppt

Life of Anna Akhmatova

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Anna Akhmatova. And as if by mistake, I said “You...” A shadow of a smile lit up my lovely features. Anna Gorenko (A. Akhmatova) with brothers Andrey, Victor and sister Iya. In the center is mother Inna Erasmovna (née Stogova). Kyiv, 1909. Photo from the archive of L. Gumilyov. I submit to my imagination In the images of gray eyes. In my Tver solitude I remember you bitterly. You who ordered me: enough, go kill your love! And now I’m melting, I’m weak-willed, But my blood is getting more and more bored. July 1913. Slepnevo. Y. S. Gumilyov, Leva Gumilyov (son of Gumilyov and Akhmatova), A. A. Akhmatova. Tsarskoye Selo. 1916 St. Petersburg. 1915 - Life of Anna Akhmatova.ppt

The work of Anna Akhmatova

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Literature project on the topic: “Anna Akhmatova. Sappho of the 20th century. Life. Creation. Fate.". Content. Akhmatova and Punin Heavy 1930s - 1940s. Childhood. Big Fountain near Odessa. A year after the birth of their daughter, the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo. Back. Akhmatova and Gumilev. Anna Gorenko's debut. In 1910, Akhmatova made her debut on the Vyach Tower. Ivanova. The “master’s” conclusion was indifferently ironic: “What dense romanticism...”. "The Rosary" (1914), Akhmatova's next book, continued the lyrical "plot" of "Evening". First victories. - Akhmatova’s creativity.ppt

Anna Akhmatova creativity

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Akhmatova Anna Andreevna. Biography. Big Fountain near Odessa. A year after the birth of their daughter, the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo. In 1905, after her parents’ divorce, Akhmatova and her mother moved to Yevpatoria. Creative life. Akhmatova entered literature immediately as a mature poet. Within the early period of creativity, the worldview growth of the poet’s consciousness occurs. "Before 1923, five books of poetry by Akhmatova were published. The opinion of contemporaries about the work of A. A. Akhmatova. - Anna Akhmatova creativity.pptx

Akhmatova love lyrics

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Love lyrics by Anna Akhmatova. Exit. Further. Goal of the work. To help you feel the originality of Akhmatova’s poetic world. Content. "First steps". “So helplessly my chest grew cold, But my steps were light. I put the Glove from my left hand on my right hand.” Song of the last meeting. Anna Andreevna Gorenko was born on June 11 (23), 1889 near Odessa. Chukovsky wrote that Akhmatova was greeted with “extraordinary,” unexpectedly noisy triumphs.” Novelism in Akhmatova’s lyrics. Vasily Gippius (1918) also wrote interestingly about the “romanticism” of Akhmatova’s lyrics (1918). The need for a novel is obviously an urgent need. - Akhmatova’s lyrics.ppt

Akhmatova's poem Requiem

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Anna Akhmatova. Touches to the portrait. Poem "Requiem". I am your voice, the heat of your breath, I am the reflection of your face. A. Akhmatova. Julius Aikhenvald. - What period of Russian culture did Akhmatova’s youth and the beginning of her creativity coincide with? Poem "Requiem" (1935-1940). Questions for conversation. What is a requiem? Why did Akhmatova name her work that way? What facts of the poetess’s life are reflected in the poem? What features of the era does Akhmatova describe? What is the role of Christian motives? What is the motive of death in the poem? What symbolic images, in your opinion, are the most striking? How are the categories of time and space manifested in Requiem? - Poem Requiem.ppt

Lesson Requiem by Akhmatov

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A. Akhmatova “Requiem”. Lesson topic: A. Akhmatova’s poem “Requiem” “I was then with my people...”. Lesson Objectives: Requiem Reguiem. A comment. The history of the creation of the poem. The poem was written in 1935-1940. In 1963, the poem was published abroad. Composition of the poem. Verdict (1939) VIII. A tragedy of the people or a tragedy of mother and son? Problematic question: Instead of a preface. During the terrible years of the Yezhovshchina, I spent seventeen months in prison lines in Leningrad. One day someone “identified” me. And I said: “I can.” The years of Yezhovshchina are terrible with cruel repressions. Dedication. What artistic means help describe maternal grief? - Lesson Akhmatov's Requiem.ppt

Akhmatova's poem Requiem

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The tragic sound of A.A. Akhmatova’s poem “Requiem”. Lesson objectives. Using the example of A. Akhmatova’s poem, cultivate love for the Motherland, emotional and intellectual responsiveness. Epigraph for the lesson. I see everything, I remember everything. A. Akhmatova. The tragedy of mother and son or the tragedy of the people? She gave me “Reguiem” to read... I’ve never heard such words about my poems. (“Folk”) (A. Akhmatova). "Requiem" is the poet's autobiography, not a folk tragedy." (I. Brodsky). “During the terrible years of the Yezhovshchina, I spent seventeen months in prison lines in Leningrad. One day someone “identified” me. And I said: “I can.” -

Goals:

• educational: introduce students to the personality and features of A. Akhmatova’s work; show how the poet fulfilled the civic and poetic mission of Anna Akhmatova, how the history of the country is refracted and reflected in her work.
• developing: the ability to read poetry and respond emotionally to them; improve the skills of analyzing a poetic text, correlating the content with critical and memoir literature, biographical facts that have a direct connection with this work;
• educational: develop a sense of beauty, cultivate respect for the feelings of another person, the ability to empathize, a patriotic feeling, and set an example of civil courage.

Means of education– textbooks, anthologies, texts of A. Akhmatova’s poems, supporting notes, media.

Lesson type– lesson – presentation. Presentation.

Plan.

1. The history of the pseudonym “Akhmatova”. Life and creativity.
2. Analysis of poems: “I clenched my hands under a dark veil...”.
3. Philosophical motives, patriotic theme, the world of a woman’s soul, poet and homeland in Akhmatova’s lyrics: “I learned to live simply, wisely...”, “You are my letter, dear, don’t crumple...”, “Prayer”.
4. Poem “Requiem”.
5. Anna Akhmatova is “the voice of her generation.”

During the classes

Preliminary work.

Students had a preliminary task to get acquainted with the biography of A. Akhmatova, create a chronological table of her life and work, memorize poems, remember information about the poets of the Silver Age and the features of this period in Russian poetry.

I. Organizing time. Activation of students' knowledge.

While completing the preliminary task, you became acquainted with the creative biography of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova and learned her poems. Have you noticed that the beginning of her work is associated with the Silver Age of Russian poetry, and her latest works appeared in the 60s.

Assignment: – Please remember the definition of the Silver Age of Russian poetry.

(The Silver Age is usually called the heyday of Russian poetry at the beginning of the 20th century.)

And the silver moon is bright
It was freezing over the Silver Age. (A. Akhmatova)

II. Recording the lesson topic and plan in your notebooks.

1. The history of the appearance of the pseudonym “Akhmatova”.

Already in her high school years, Akhmatova wrote poetry. Akhmatova is the surname of her grandmother (maternal great-grandmother), which became the pseudonym of Anna Andreevna Gorenko.

From the biography of A. Akhmatova: born on June 23 (NS) in 1889 in the village of Bolshoy Fontan near Odessa (real name Gorenko, married to Gumelev).

His childhood years were spent in Tsarskoye Selo near St. Petersburg. Here she studied at the Tsarskoye Selo (Mariinskaya) girls' gymnasium.

I spent my holidays near Sevastopol, on the shore of Streletskaya Bay (now one of the districts of Sevastopol). “The most powerful impression of these years,” Akhmatova recalled, “was ancient Chersonesos, near which we lived.”

In this area on the seashore there is a park named after. Anna Akhmatova. At the entrance to the park there is a memorial plaque on which is an image of the poet’s profile (she did not allow herself to be called a poetess) and written words taken from her wonderful poem “Requiem”:

I have a lot to do today:
Necessary completely kill the memory,
Necessary so that the soul turns to stone,
Necessary learn to live again.

In 1903 he met Nikolai Gumelev. The first early poems were written. Then he studied at the Kiev-Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. And in 1907, Akhmatova’s first published poem appeared in the Parisian magazine Sirius, published by N. Gumelev.

1908–1909 – study at the Faculty of Law of the Kyiv Higher Women's Courses. And in April 1910, “... I married N.S. Gumeleva, and we,” writes Akhmatova, “went to Paris for a month.”

. The love story of N. Gumilev and A. Akhmatova is reflected in poetry.

The first collections of poems by A. Akhmatova were called “Evening” (1912) (According to L. Chukovskaya, at first she wanted to call the collection “Evening” “Swan”, but she was dissuaded).

“Clenched her hands under a dark veil” ( Annex 1.)

Preliminary questions: What is the theme of the poem “Clenched hands under a dark veil...”?

Who is the hero of this poem?
What paths did you notice in the poem?
(Reading a poem.)

Analysis of the poem “Clenched her hands under a dark veil...” (1911).

This is a typical poem from the book “Evening”, which presents the difficult relationship between a man and a woman. The theme of the poem is love.

The lyrical heroine speaks to her conscience ( invisible hero) after a date with a person who has no identifying marks in the poem. The entire conversation is omitted, and its content is concentrated in one capacious metaphor: “...I made him drunk with tart sadness.”

A woman, overcome with sudden compassion, admits her guilt to those whom she makes suffer. They “drunk” with sadness his, but now she is suffering, and it is her own fault. The strength of feeling is indicated by repeated verbs: “ran away”, “I ran”, “out of breath, I screamed”. “Without touching the railing,” that is, quickly, without any caution, is an acmeistically precise, psychologically rich internal detail

At the end of the first verse of the last stanza, the word “joke” hangs, separated from the end of the phrase by a strong poetic transfer. It is clear that everything previous was serious.

On October 10, 1912, Anna Akhmatova gave birth to a son, Levushka (Lev Nikolaevich Gumelev - historian, geographer, specialist in the ethnogenesis of the peoples of Eurasia).

In March 1914, the second book of poems “Rosary” was published, which included the poem “I learned to live simply, wisely...”, written in Florence (1912), where they rested with N. Gumelev for 10 days. (It is believed that the poem was written upon returning from Italy in Kyiv on the Litki estate, owned by Akhmatova’s relatives).

(Reading the poem “I learned to live simply, wisely.”) (Appendix 2)

914 The second book of poems, “Rosary Beads,” will be published in March.

It would seem that everything was going great in A. Akhmatova’s life: marriage with a loved one, recognition, the birth of a son. But the tragic era touched the life of every person.

1914 World War I. N. Gumilev in the army. Correspondence.

(A prepared student reads the poem “You are my letter, dear, don’t crumple...”) (Appendix 3)

In 1915, the poem “Prayer” (1915) appeared. (Appendix 4)

Preliminary questions:

• To whom is the poem addressed?
• What sacrifice is she willing to make?
• For what purpose is this sacrifice made?

The blood connection with Russia was felt especially sharply in the most difficult times, starting with the First World War. M. Tsvetaeva called A. Akhmatova “the muse of crying.”

Revolution and Civil War. Refusal to leave Russia.

I'm not with those who abandoned the earth
To be torn apart by enemies...

Akhmatova’s relationship with her homeland was not at all simple. Here she experienced suffering and torment, shared the pain with the people, whose voice she rightfully became. But for Akhmatova, the words “Motherland” and “power” were never synonymous. There was no choice for her - to leave Russia or stay. She considers running away a betrayal:

In September 1917, the book of poems “The White Flock” was published.

I stopped smiling
The frosty wind chills your lips,
There is one less hope,
There will be one more song.

Akhmatova experienced the tragic fate of Russia together with her; she shared the fate of her homeland.

Already in the first post-revolutionary years, the name of Akhmatova was often contrasted with the names of poets of revolutionary Russia.

In 1921... The book of poems “Plantain” was published.

The wave of Stalinist repressions also covered Akhmatova. At the funeral of A.A. Blok, Akhmatova learns that her husband, Nikolai Gumelev, has been arrested, allegedly for participating in a counter-revolutionary conspiracy. (The case was fabricated by the Cheka authorities). Soon he was shot.

1922. The book of poems “Anno Domini” is published.

Mid 20s...

1st student: “Since the mid-20s, my new poems have almost stopped being published, and my old ones have almost stopped being reprinted.”

2nd student: “Since 1925, the Central Committee issued a resolution (not published in print) to remove me (meaning Akhmatova’s poems) from circulation.”

1935 Arrest of Anna Akhmatova's only son, Lev Nikolaevich Gumelev (he was arrested three times - in 1935, 1938 and 1940). After her son's arrest in 1938, Akhmatova began the poem “Requiem.”

Mass repressions in the country and personal tragic events brought this work to life.

“During the terrible years of the Yezhovshchina, I spent seventeen months in prison lines in Leningrad. One day someone “identified” me. Then, a woman with blue lips standing behind me, who, of course, had never heard my name in her life, woke up from the stupor that is characteristic of us all and asked me in my ear (everyone there spoke in a whisper):

– Can you describe this?

And I said:

Then something like a smile crossed what had once been her face.”

Akhmatova worked on this work for five years, intermittently. The poem was created under inhuman conditions.

The poems lived in the memories of friends and relatives, since it was dangerous to leave them on paper. Akhmatova, as Lydia Chukovskaya recalls, said: “Eleven people knew “Requiem” by heart, and no one gave me away.”

The main motives of the poem are memory, the bitterness of oblivion, the unthinkability, impossibility of death, the motive of the crucifixion, the gospel sacrifice.

The poem was made up of individual poems created mainly in the pre-war period. These poems were finally compiled into a single work only in the fall of 1962, when it was first written on paper.

When getting acquainted with the poem’s structural parts, one is struck by the interstriations of dates: “Instead of a Preface” is dated 1957, the epigraph “No, and not under an alien firmament...” - 1961, “Dedication” - 1940, “Introduction” - 1935 -m

It is also known that the version of the “Epilogue” was dictated by the author to her friend L. D. Bolshintsova in 1964. Consequently, these dates are just different signs that Akhmatova turned to this creation over the last thirty years of her life. It is important to be able to look away from these figures and perceive “Requiem” as a holistic work dictated by a tragic time.

Word "Requiem" translated as "funeral mass" as a service for the deceased. At the same time, it is a designation for a mournful piece of music.

Already in 1961, the poem was preceded by an epigraph that strictly but accurately reflected the author’s civic and creative position:

“No, and not under an alien sky,
And not under the protection of alien wings,
I was then with my people,
Where my people, unfortunately, were.” (1961

)

Here the word “alien” is repeated twice, and the word “people” twice. The idea of ​​uniting the destinies of the people and their poet is expressed.

The title - “Requiem” - sets a solemn and mournful mood; it is associated with death, mournful silence, which is proportional to the immensity of suffering.

Work with text. Reading a work

1. "Dedications"
2. "Introduction"
3. I. They took you away at dawn...(Appendix 5).
   II. The quiet Don flows quietly...
4. Students read the passage “For seventeen months I have been screaming...” (V part) (Appendix 6).

To save her son, Akhmatova wrote poems for I. Stalin’s birthday and turned to him with a request. Soon released, the son was arrested again, during the war he fought at the front to the bitter end, and in 1949 he was imprisoned for the third time, and only in May 1956 was he freed/

(Reading the poem chapters VI–X and the epilogue.)

The last chapter is the longest. It presents the story of the tormented soul of the people: one half of them in prisons are husbands and sons, the other half in prison queues, these are mothers and wives - all of Russia. Not a word about the executioners - they did not deserve words, but they deserved oblivion.

In the last chapter there is a powerful chorus of women not screaming, not crying - howling. This chapter does not give hope and does not promise change: “the list was taken away and there is nowhere to find out.”

And only Memory and this poem are the main assistants, without which it is impossible to remain faithful to the past for the sake of the future.

1941 The Great Patriotic War. Leningrad blockade.

At the beginning of the war, Akhmatova remained in besieged Leningrad, then she was evacuated to Tashkent, and already in 1944, Akhmatova returned to liberated Leningrad.

During the Great Patriotic War, Akhmatova sees her purpose as becoming a voice of courage and sorrow, sharing the grief of her country.

The Motherland, in the poems of this period, is identified with Russian speech, with the native word, with the most precious thing, what is worth fighting for, what must be sacrificially defended. And if Akhmatova says “we”, this is the voice of the entire people, united by the Word.

Akhmatova’s support point has always been her native land, and throughout her life she was connected with St. Petersburg. Every feature of his appearance is an important detail, a detail of her fate.

In 1946, a campaign was opened against Akhmatova, persecution was organized: in the speech of A. Zhdanov and the subsequent Resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On the magazines “Star” and “Leningrad”, Akhmatova’s poetry was declared alien to the people, hostile to them.

Together with Akhmatova, M. Zoshchenko also came under pressure from the authorities. Both were expelled from the Writers' Union, deprived of their livelihood, and found themselves outcasts in their own country. The circulation of the collection of poems by A. Akhmatova, already published in 1946, was destroyed.

She had to live literally in a gatehouse, a booth, in the suburbs of Komarovo. But even here she had friends and students. One of them, I. Brodsky, became a Nobel Prize laureate. In 1956, the son was released. A. Akhmatova begins to publish again.

On March 5 (Stalin's birthday!), 1966, Anna Akhmatova passed away. But, apparently, even a dead, real poet is dangerous for unworthy rulers. In the poem “Requiem” the people speak through the lips of the poet, this is stated directly: “And if they shut my tormented mouth, // To which a hundred million people are screaming...”

In the “Epilogue,” the functions of the poet and poetry seem to merge with the idea of ​​great intercession for people. And this is the great heritage of Russian literature, which makes Akhmatova a national, people's poet. There is no grandiose monument at Akhmatova’s grave, only a homemade cross. She doesn't need monuments. Her life and her poems became the eternal and most lasting monument.

“I didn’t stop writing poetry. For me, they contain my connection with time, with the new life of my people. When I wrote them, I lived in those rhythms that sounded in the heroic history of my country.” (Appendix 7)

And Anna Akhmatova has one more merit. “I taught women to speak... But, God, how can I silence them!” Indeed, with the advent of Anna Akhmatova in literature, poetesses appeared: Marina Tsvetaeva, Rimma Kazakova, Bela Akhmadullina and many, many others.

IV. Homework. Analyze in writing your favorite poem by Akhmatova.

Literature:

1. Lesson notes for literature teachers: 11th grade: The Silver Age of Russian Poetry: In 2 Parts /Ed. L.G.Maksidonova. – M.: Humanitarian Publishing Center VLADOS, 2000. – Part 2.
2. Russian literature: A large educational reference book for schoolchildren and those entering universities. – 3rd ed. – M., Bustard, 2001.
3. Exam questions and answers. Literature. 9th and 11th grades. Tutorial. – M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2002.
4. Pavlovsky A.I. Anna Akhmatova// Literature at school. – 2005. – No. 1.

Application.

1. Clasped her hands under a dark veil...
“Why are you pale today?”
- Because I am tartly sad
Got him drunk.

How can I forget? He came out staggering
The painful mouth twisted...
I ran away without touching the railing,
I ran after him to the gate.

Gasping for breath, I shouted: “It’s a joke.
All that has gone before. If you leave, I’ll die.”
Smiled calmly and creepily
And he told me: “Don’t stand in the wind.”

2. I learned to live simply, wisely,
Look at the sky and pray to God,
And wander for a long time before evening
To tire out unnecessary anxiety.
When the burdocks rustle in the ravine
And the bunch of yellow-red rowan will fade,
I write funny poems
About life that is perishable, perishable and beautiful.

I'm coming back. Licks my palm
Fluffy cat, purrs sweetly,
And the fire burns bright
On the turret of the lake sawmill.

Only occasionally the silence cuts through
The cry of a stork flying onto the roof.
And if you knock on my door,
I don't think I'll even hear it.

3. You are my letter, dear, don’t crumple it,
Read it to the end, my friend.
I'm tired of being a stranger
To be a stranger on your way.
Don't look like that, don't frown angrily.
I am beloved, I am yours.
Not a shepherdess, not a queen
And I’m no longer a nun -
In this gray, everyday dress,
In worn out heels...
But, as before, a burning embrace,
The same fear in the huge eyes.
You are my letter, dear, don’t crumple it,
Don't cry about your cherished lies,
You have it in your poor knapsack
Place it at the very bottom.
1912 Tsarskoye Selo

4. Prayer.
Give me the bitter years of illness,
Choking, insomnia, fever,
Take away both the child and the friend,
And the mysterious gift of song -
So I pray at Your liturgy
After so many tedious days,
So that a cloud over dark Russia
Became a cloud in the glory of the rays

5. I
They took you away at dawn
I followed you, as if on a takeaway,
Children were crying in the dark room,
The goddess's candle floated.
There are cold icons on your lips,
Death sweat on the brow... Don't forget!
I will be like the Streltsy wives,
Howl under the Kremlin towers.
November. 1935. Moscow.

II.
The quiet Don flows quietly,
The yellow moon enters the house.
He walks in with his hat tilted.
Sees the yellow moon shadow.
This woman is sick
This woman is alone.
Husband in the grave, son in prison,
Pray for me.
1938

6. I’ve been screaming for seventeen months,
I call you home, I throw myself at the feet of the executioner,
You are my son and my horror.
Everything's messed up forever
And I can't make it out
Now, who is the beast, who is the man,
And how long will it be to wait for execution?
And only lush flowers,
And the censer ringing, and the traces
Somewhere to nowhere.
And he looks straight into my eyes
And it threatens with imminent death
A huge star.
1939

“I didn’t stop writing poetry. For me, they contain my connection with time, with the new life of my people. When I wrote them, I lived by the rhythms that sounded in the heroic history of my country.”

Presentation on the topic: “Biography of A.A Akhmatova” Completed by 9b grade student Galina Petrova

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (surname at birth - Gorenko; June 11 (23), 1889, Odessa, Russian Empire) - one of the largest Russian poets of the 20th century, writer, literary critic, literary critic, translator.

She was born in the Bolshoi Fontan district of Odessa in the family of a hereditary nobleman, retired naval mechanical engineer A. A. Gorenko.

Her mother, Inna Erasmovna Strogova, was distantly related to Anna Bunina, considered the first Russian poetess.

In 1890 the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo. Here Akhmatova became a student at the Mariinsky Gymnasium, but spent every summer near Sevastopol, where she received the nickname “wild girl” for her courage and willfulness.

In Tsarskoe Selo in 1903 she met N.S. Gumilev and became a regular recipient of his poems. In 1905, after her parents’ divorce, she moved to Evpatoria. The last class took place at the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium in Kyiv, from which she graduated in 1907. In 1908-10 she studied at the law department of the Kyiv Higher Women's Courses. Then she attended N.P. Raev’s women’s historical and literary courses in St. Petersburg (early 1910s).

In the spring of 1910, after several refusals, Akhmatova agreed to become the wife of N.S. Gumilyov. From 1910 to 1916 she lived with him in Tsarskoe Selo. Their son Lev was born in September. In 1918, having divorced Gumilyov, Akhmatova married the Assyriologist and poet V.K. Shileiko.

Writing poetry from the age of 11, and publishing from the age of 18. Upon Gumilyov’s return from an African trip (March 1911), Akhmatova read to him everything he had written over the winter and for the first time received full approval for her literary experiments. From that time on, she became a professional writer. Her collection “Evening,” released a year later, gained very early success.

With the outbreak of World War I, Akhmatova sharply limited her public life. At this time she suffered from tuberculosis, a disease that did not let her go for a long time. Insightful criticism discerns in her collection “The White Flock” (1917) a growing “sense of personal life as a national, historical life” (B. M. Eikhenbaum).

The first post-revolutionary years in Akhmatova’s life were marked by hardships and complete separation from the literary environment, but in the fall of 1921, after the death of Blok and the execution of Gumilyov, she, having parted with Shileiko, returned to active work. In the same year, her two collections “Plantain” and “Anno Domini. MCMXXI” were published. In 1922, for a decade and a half, Akhmatova united her fate with art critic N. N. Punin.

In 1924, Akhmatova’s new poems were published for the last time before a many-year break, after which an unspoken ban was imposed on her name. In 1935, her son L. Gumilyov and Punin were arrested, but after Akhmatova’s written appeal to Stalin they were released. In 1937, the NKVD prepared materials to accuse her of counter-revolutionary activities. In 1938, Akhmatova’s son was arrested again. The experiences of these painful years, expressed in poetry, formed the cycle “Requiem,” which she did not dare to commit to paper for two decades. In 1939, after a half-interested remark from Stalin, publishing authorities offered Akhmatova a number of publications. Her collection “From Six Books” (1940) was published, which included, along with old poems that had passed strict censorship selection, new works that arose after many years of silence. Soon, however, the collection was subjected to ideological criticism and removed from libraries.

In the first months of the Great Patriotic War, Akhmatova wrote poster poems (later “Oath”, 1941, and “Courage”, 1942 became popularly known). By order of the authorities, she is evacuated from Leningrad before the first winter of the siege; she spends two and a half years in Tashkent. He writes a lot of poetry, working on “Poem without a Hero” (1940-65), a baroque-complicated epic about the St. Petersburg 1910s.

In 1945-46, Akhmatova incurred the wrath of Stalin, who learned about the visit of the English historian I. Berlin to her. A ban on publications arose again; an exception was made in 1950, when Akhmatova imitated loyal feelings in her poems written for Stalin's anniversary in a desperate attempt to soften the fate of her son, who was once again imprisoned.

On March 5, 1966, Akhmatova ended her days on earth. On March 10, after the funeral service in the St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral, her ashes were buried in the cemetery in the village of Komarovo near Leningrad. After her death, in 1987, during Perestroika, the tragic and religious cycle "Requiem", written in 1935 - 1943 (added 1957 - 1961), was published. With the death of Akhmatova, the Silver Age of Russian poetry ended.

Twenty first. Night. Monday. The outlines of the capital in the darkness. Some slacker wrote that there is love on earth. And out of laziness or boredom, everyone believed, and so they live: Waiting for dates, afraid of separation, And singing love songs. But to others the secret is revealed, And silence rests upon them... I stumbled upon this by accident And since then it’s been as if I’ve been sick.