In the predicate statistical table, as already mentioned, indicators are given that are characteristics of the object under study. This characteristic can be given by a small number of indicators or by a whole system of indicators.

Statistical tables differ in simple or complex design (Figure 4.4).

When easy developmentthe predicate, the indicator that determines it, is not subdivided into subgroups, and the total values \u200b\u200bare obtained by simply summing the values \u200b\u200bfor each attribute separately independently of each other. An example of a simple development of a predicate is Tables 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6.

Complex predicate developmentpresupposes in the predicate a combination of one trait with another (Table 4.7).

Table 4.7 complex predicate development; it provides more information than a simple development, since it allows you to see the composition of the economically active population by category, and within groups - by gender.

Table 4.7
Distribution of the economically active population of one of the regions of the Russian Federation in 2000-2001(at the end of the year), million rubles *
	Economically active population, total
		employed in the economy			unemployed
* Numbers are conditional

However, the complex development of the predicate can lead to an increase in the dimension of the statistical table, which, in turn, reduces its clarity, impairs reading and analysis.

Therefore, when constructing statistical tables, a researcher should be guided by the optimal ratio of predicate indicators and take into account both positive and negative aspects of the complex development of predicate indicators.

4.4 Basic rules for constructing tables

Statistical tables as a means of visual and compact presentation of digital information should be statistically correct.

Techniques that determine the technique of forming statistical tables.

The table should be compact and contain only those initial data that directly reflect the studied socio-economic phenomenon in statics and dynamics and are necessary for understanding its essence.

You should avoid unnecessary, secondary, meaningless information to the given object of research. Digital material must be presented in such a way that, when analyzing the table, the essence of the phenomenon is revealed by reading the lines from left to right and from top to bottom.

The title of the table and the names of columns and lines should be clear, concise, concise, represent a complete whole, organically fit into the content of the text.

It is necessary to avoid a large number of periods and commas in the names of tables and columns, which make the table difficult to read.

If the table name consists of two or more sentences, a period is put to separate the sentences from each other; there is no full stop after the last sentence. IN heading graphdots are allowed only with the necessary abbreviations. IN table headerthe object, sign, time and place of the event must be reflected. But at the same time, it should be remembered: the shorter and more concise the title of the table, the clearer it is for reading and analysis, of course, if brevity is achieved not at the expense of accuracy and cognition. The headings of the table, graph and lines are written in full, without abbreviations.

Information located in the columns (columns) of the table ends with a summary line. Exist different ways connections of the terms of the graph with their total:

the line "Total" or "Total" ends the statistical table;

the final row is located as the first row of the table and is connected to the totality of its terms with the words “including”.

In group and combination tables, it is always necessary to give summary columns and rows.

If the names of individual columns are repeated among themselves, contain repetitive terms or carry a single semantic load, then they must be assigned a common unifying heading.

This technique is used for both the subject and the predicate tables.

It is useful to number columns and lines. The columns on the left filled with the name of the lines are usually denoted by capital letters of the alphabet (A), (B), etc., and all subsequent columns - by numbers in ascending order.

Interconnected and interdependent data characterizing one of the sides of the analyzed phenomenon (for example, the number of enterprises and the share of factories (% of the total), absolute growth and growth rate, etc.), it is advisable to place them in columns adjacent to each other.

Columns and lines should contain units of measurement that correspond to those set in the subject and predicate indicators. In this case, the generally accepted abbreviations of units of measurement are used (people, rubles, kWh, etc.).

It is best to place in tables the numerical information compared during the analysis in the same column, one below the other, which greatly facilitates the process of their comparison.

Therefore, in group tables, for example, it is more competent to arrange groups according to the studied attribute in decreasing or increasing order of its values \u200b\u200bwhile maintaining a logical connection between the subject and the predicate of the table.

For the convenience of working, the numbers in the tables should be represented in the middle of the graph, one under the other: units under the units, comma under the comma, while clearly observing their bit width.

It is advisable to round numbers whenever possible. Rounding of numbers within the same column or line should be carried out with the same degree of accuracy (to the whole decimal place or to the tenth, etc.).

If all numbers of the same column or line are given with one decimal point, and one of the numbers has two or more decimal places, then numbers with one decimal place should be supplemented with zero, thereby emphasizing their equal precision.

The lack of data on the analyzed socio-economic phenomenon can be due to various reasons, which is differently noted in the table:

if this position (at the intersection of the corresponding columns and lines) is not subject to filling at all, then the sign "X" is put;

when for any reason there is no information, then the ellipsis "..." or "No information", or "N. St. ";

in the absence of a phenomenon, the cell is filled with a dash “-” and remains empty. To display very small numbers, the notation (0,0) or (0,00) is used, suggesting the presence of a number.

If additional information is required - explanations to the table may be provided with notes.

Compliance with the above rules for constructing and formatting statistical tables makes them the main means of presenting, processing and generalizing statistical information on the state and development of the analyzed socio-economic phenomena.

A table is called statistical., which contains the summary numerical characteristics of the studied population by one or several essential features interconnected by the logic of economic analysis.

Tabular is a form of arrangement of numerical information in which the number is located at the intersection of a clearly formulated heading along a vertical column, called a column, and the name along the corresponding horizontal stripe - a row.

The statistical table contains three types of headers: general, top and side. The general title reflects the content of the entire table (where and when it belongs), is located above the table layout in the center and is the outer title. The top headings characterize the content of the graphs (predicate headings), and the side headings (subject headings) - lines. They are internal headers.

The base of the table, filled with headings, forms the layout of the table; if you write numbers at the intersection of the graph and rows, you get a complete statistical table.

Digital material can be presented in absolute (population size of the Russian Federation), relative (food price indices) and average (average monthly income of an employee of a commercial bank) values.

According to its logical content, the table is a "statistical sentence", the main elements of which are the subject and the predicate.

Subjecta statistical table is an object that is characterized by numbers. It can be one or several aggregates, separate units of the population in the order of their list or grouped according to some characteristics, territorial units, and so on.

Predicatestatistical table forms a system of indicators that characterize the object of study, that is, the subject of the table. The predicate forms the top headings and composes the content of the graphs with a logical sequential arrangement of indicators from left to right.

Depending on the structure of the subject, on the grouping of units in it, statistical tables are distinguished between simple and complex, and the latter, in turn, are subdivided into group and combination tables.

Plainsuch a table is called, in the subject of which a list of any objects or territorial units is given.

Simple tables distinguish between monographic and brown. Monographic tables characterize not the entire set of units of the object under study, but only one any group from it, distinguished according to a certain criterion.

The subject of a simple table can be formed by species, territorial (for example, population in the CIS countries), time, and so on principles.

Simple tables do not make it possible to identify the socio-economic types of the studied phenomena, their structure, as well as the relationship and interdependence between the characteristics that characterize them.

Groupstatistical tables are called, the subject of which contains a grouping of units of the population according to one quantitative or attribute characteristic.

Combination tables are statistical tables, the subject of which contains a grouping of population units simultaneously according to two or more characteristics: each of the groups, built according to one attribute, is divided, in turn, into subgroups according to some other attribute, and so on.

Types of tables for predicate development.

In the predicate of the statistical table, indicators are given that are characteristics of the object under study.

According to the structural structure of the predicate, statistical tables are distinguished with a simple and complex development.

With a simple development of a predicate, the indicator that determines it is not subdivided into subgroups and the total values \u200b\u200bare obtained by simply summing the values \u200b\u200bfor each attribute separately, independently of each other.

Basic rules for building a table.

Statistical tables, as a means of visual and compact presentation of digital information, must be statistically correct.

1. The table should be compact and contain only those data that directly reflect the studied phenomenon in statics and dynamics and are necessary for understanding its essence.

2. The heading of the table and the names of the columns and lines should be clear, concise, concise, and represent a complete whole that organically fits into the content of the text.

3. The information located in the columns (columns) of the table ends with a summary line.

There are various ways to connect the summands of a graph with their total:

The "Total" or "Total" line completes the statistical table;

The final row is located as the first row of the table and is connected to the totality of its terms with the words "Including".

4. If the names of individual columns are repeated among themselves, contain repeated terms or carry a single semantic load, then it is necessary to assign them a unifying heading.

5. It is useful to number columns and lines.

6. It is advisable to locate interrelated data characterizing one of the sides of the phenomenon being analyzed in adjacent columns.

7. Columns and lines should contain units of measurement that correspond to those set in the subject and predicate indicators.

8. It is more expedient to round off the numbers, if possible. If all numbers of the same column or line are given with one decimal point, and one of the numbers has exactly two decimal places, then numbers with one decimal place should be supplemented with zero, thereby emphasizing their equal precision.

9. If necessary additional information - explanations to the table, notes may be given.

ESSAY

By discipline: Statistics

Topic: “Functions and forms of statistical tables. Basic elements and rules of construction ".

Completed: student

2nd year, groups No. ЖЛ 02 М 21

Pronina N.A.

Moscow 2004

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………3

Understanding Statistical Tables …………………………4

Types of statistical tables ………………………………………………7

Basic rules for compiling statistical tables ……11

………………………………………19

Introduction

When talking about statistics, they often represent endless rows of numbers, tabulated. At the same time, one can often hear that numbers are boring matter, that statistics are dry and dead. But this is what people say who do not know how to read numbers, ponder their content, see life behind them in all its diversity.

Statistical materials obtained as a result of development or prepared for economic analysis are usually given in the form of tables. Therefore, every economist should be good at compiling statistical tables and analyzing them.

This abstract gives a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe statistical tables and their elements, sets out the meaning and types of statistical tables, as well as the rules for their compilation.

1. General concept of statistical tables.

The results of the statistical summary of materials are given in the form of statistical tables. Statistical tables are a form of a systematic and visual presentation of digital material that characterizes the phenomena and processes under study. The table is often brighter and more eloquent than verbose reasoning.

The results of the 1970 population census compared with the 1959 data. in text form would look like this: in the 1970 census. In the USSR, 241.7 million people were counted, including 136.0 million urban residents and 105.7 million rural. In the total number of residents, the urban population was 56%, the rural population was 44%. In 1959 there were 208.8 million people, of whom 100.0 million were urban residents and 108.8 million were rural. The share of urban dwellers in the total population was 48%, and of rural dwellers - 52%. The absolute increase in the population of the USSR for 11 years amounted to 32.9 million people, while in cities the population increased by 36 million people, and in rural areas it decreased by 3.1 million people. All this can be expressed much shorter and brighter using the following table:

Table 1

Population of the USSR in 1970 and 1959

As you can see, all the names of the indicators are shown in the upper and left parts of the statistical table. This eliminates the need to repeat the same name of the indicator each time, which is inevitable in textual presentation. Inside the table, the numbers are arranged in rows and columns, which makes it easy to grasp them with a glance and compare with each other.

The constituent parts and elements of the statistical table are shown in the following diagram:

Table name

(common name)

← Count numbering

← Table Rows

← Summary line

Table columns

(columns, columns)

A statistical table is a series of intersecting horizontal and vertical lines that form rows horizontally and columns (columns, columns) vertically. Inside the table, in the cells formed from the intersection of the lines, the numbers are recorded. Each line and column has its own name, which corresponds to the content of the indicators in the table. The table has a common title (title) that defines its content.

The statistical table has a subject and a predicate.

The subject of the statistical table is the object of study. These can be units of a statistical population, their groups, which are characterized by numerical indicators.

A predictable statistical table is a list of numerical indicators that characterize the object of study, i.e. subject of the table.

Usually, the names of the units or groups that make up the subject are given on the left side of the table in the headings of the rows, and the names of the indicators by which they are characterized are given in the upper part of the table, in the headings of the columns. Let's give an example of a table built in this way:

Production of the most important types of products in 1968 and 1969

table 2

On the left side of the table, the subject is given - the main types of industrial products; on the right side, the predicate is given - indicators characterizing the amount of each type of product produced in 1968 and 1969, and the growth of production of certain types of products in 1969. compared to 1968.

However, the subject and predicate can be arranged differently in the table: the subject is in columns, and the predicate is in rows. Let's give an example.

Table 3

Average annual growth rates of key indicators

economic development of the USSR and the USA for 1951-1969.

(in percents)

The table gives a characteristic of the economy of the USSR and the United States (subject) by a number of indicators (predicate), which clearly show the advantages of the socialist economic system.

2. Types of statistical tables.

Depending on the construction of the subject, statistical tables are divided into three types: simple, group and combinational.

Simple such statistical tables are called, in the subject of which there are no groupings.

In brown simple tables, the subject lists the units that make up the object of study. An example is table 2, where the subject contains a list of the main types of industrial products.

If in the subject of the table there is a list of territories (countries, regions, cities, etc.), then such a table is called a territorial simple. An example is table 3. A simple territorial table will also be a table that compares the production of industrial and agricultural products of two or more countries.

Chronological simple tables are those in the subject of which periods of time (years, quarters, months, etc.) or dates are given. And in the predicate - a number of indicators. Such will be, for example, tables characterizing the implementation of the production plan for months or quarters within a year, for years, within a five-year plan.

However, time periods are often given not in the subject, but in the predicate of the table (for example, when characterizing the development of a phenomenon), in this case the tables will no longer be simple chronological.

For example, if in the subject of the table a list of collective farms in the region is given, and in the predicate - for individual years the number of work days worked, the amount of income and other indicators, then the table will be chronological.

Territorial chronological tables are very common, in the subject of which countries or regions are given, and in the predicate - certain indicators by year. Let's give an example of such a table:

Table 4

Industrial production growth rates in the USSR and the USA

(1969 as a percentage of 1950)

The table says more fast pace development of industrial production in the USSR compared with the United States.

As can be seen from the above examples, even simple statistical tables can provide rich material for the analysis of the studied processes.

Group such statistical tables are called in which the object under study is divided into groups in the subject according to one or another attribute. In other words, group tables arise as a result of applying the grouping method when summarizing statistical material.

Very often, in the predicate of group tables, the indicators are arranged by periods, since in the change in the ratio of groups in time, one or another pattern often appears.

Combination tables. In order to adequately characterize complex social phenomena, it is not enough to group them according to one attribute. The objects under study are usually characterized by many properties, many features, often interrelated. In order to reveal these connections and more fully characterize the types of phenomena, they resort to a combined grouping based on two or more criteria. The combined grouping results in combination table... A combinational table is one where the subject is a grouping of population units according to two or more characteristics, taken in combination. Consequently, the combinational table in the subject contains groups formed according to one attribute and subgroups (within groups) formed according to another attribute. Let's give an example:

Table 5

Note: Group 1 - artisans who have an agricultural holding, group 2 - artisans who do not have an agricultural holding. Subgroups: 1 - artisans working for the market, 2 - artisans working for buyers-buyers.

In the predicate of the statistical table, as already mentioned, indicators are given that are characteristic of the phenomenon under study. This characteristic can be given by a small number of indicators or by their whole system.

Developing a predicate can be simple and complex. A simple predicate development provides for a parallel arrangement of indicators, and a complex one - combined. Suppose we want to characterize workers in selected industries by gender and educational level. A simple development of a predicate based on these characteristics is shown in the following table layout:

Table 5

Composition of workers in different industries

by gender and education

In this table, the predicate gives two groups of workers: by gender and education. But these indicators are located in parallel, and not combined. The combo table contains a complex predicate design that provides more information than a simple predicate design. But the complex development of the predicate increases the volume of tables, which negatively affects their clarity, compactness and convenience for analysis.

The groupings used in predicate development do not change the appearance of the tables. The type of the table (simple, group, combinational) is entirely determined by the presence or absence of groupings in the subject, i.e. groupings of the units of the studied population themselves.

3. Basic rules for compiling statistical tables.

The first step in compiling a statistical table is its layout, i.e. a table consisting of rows and columns that are not yet filled with numbers.

Suppose you need to draw up a model of a statistical table from which the dependence of the level of labor productivity, measured by the average output per worker, on the value of the value of the plant's output would be visible. First of all, you need to outline the subject of the table. The subject can contain either a list of plants or a grouping. When giving a list of factories, they must be arranged in a certain order, in this case, in ascending order of production cost. However, if there are many factories, such a subject will make the table cumbersome and not very visual. Hence, it is better to group.

To determine the desired dependence of labor productivity on the cost of production, it is necessary to group factories by factor, i.e. at the cost of production.

After the subject is outlined, you need to define the predicate of the table. The main indicator of labor productivity is the average output per worker. To calculate this indicator, it is necessary for each group to calculate the value (absolute) of the products produced and the number of employees. In addition, it is necessary to calculate the number of population units for each group, i.e. the number of factories in a group in order to know the size of each group and, as a result, get a specific figure - the total number of factories. To identify the relationship between the level of labor productivity and the cost of production, more indicators in the predicate are not required. Based on these indicators, you can calculate the average cost of production per plant. If we add the indicator - the cost of fixed assets, then we can calculate the cost of production per one ruble of fixed assets. All these indicators, although they are of interest, are not directly related to the task, therefore, they should not clutter the table.

Thus, in the predicate of the table there will be four indicators: the average output per worker, the cost of the output, the number of employees and the number of factories.

It remains to solve the last question, in what order to arrange the indicators. Here, too, certain rules should be followed. It is always necessary to start with the size of the population, in this case, in the first column of the predicate table, the number of factories should be indicated, in the second and third columns - the absolute values \u200b\u200b- the cost of the output and the number of employees. It is better to place an indicator of the cost of production in the second column, and the number of employees in the third, but it will not be a mistake if these indicators are reversed. After the absolute indicators in the following columns of the table, you need to put average or relative values, in this example - the indicator of production per worker. This arrangement of indicators in the predicate provides a certain logical sequence when analyzing the table. The reader immediately sees what aggregate he is dealing with (how many factories are taken for analysis), what the products of these factories are, how many people work and, knowing these indicators, he gets an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat the average output per worker is. If the table first showed the average output, then the number of employees, production and the number of factories, i.e. if the indicators are arranged in reverse order, then it will be more difficult to read and analyze such a table.

From the statistical tables that serve to enter the totals obtained by the summary, first of all, it is required that they be not a simple collection of totals, placed in any order, but that each table contains an analytical presentation of the results of observation, so that in a sequential row of columns or a graph and the tables themselves gradually developed before the eyes of the researcher a digital picture of those qualities and properties that are the subject of observation and those relations in which separate parts of the whole stand to each other and to the accompanying conditions.

After determining the sequence of the location of the indicators in the predicate, you can create a table layout, namely:

Table 7

The layout of this table should be used first in order to compile a development table, which will contain data for each unit, in our example, for each plant, and the total data for the selected groups, and then to compile a final analytical table, which will contain information only by groups and in general.

The development table compiled according to data from 25 plants will take the following form:

Table 8

Dependence of the level of labor productivity

from the value of the manufactured products

Group of factories by the value of manufactured products (million rubles)	Cost of manufactured products per year (mln rubles)	Average number of employees per year (people)	Average output per employee (rubles)
3.3 to 7.2
TOTAL by group 7.3 to 11.2 Plant number 12
TOTAL by group 11.3 to 15.2 Plant No. 18
TOTAL by group 15.3 to 19.2 Plant number 22
TOTAL by group
TOTAL by factories

Let's compose the final analytical table, using for this the final lines by groups that are in the development table:

Table 9

Dependence of the level of labor productivity

from the cost of products manufactured at factories

As we can see from the table, a fairly clear direct dependence of labor productivity on the cost of production was revealed.

The table must be decorated correctly and beautifully. The lines should be straight and crisp.

In the table, the final lines and columns are made in cases where there are groupings in the subject or predicate by some attribute.

Let's give one more example of table compilation. Suppose that the following text needs to be expressed in the table: in higher educational institutions the country had 3861 thousand students at the beginning of the 1965/66 academic year, at the beginning of 1966/67. - 4123 thousand students, at the beginning of 1967/68. - 4311 thousand. Of these, 1584 thousand studied in daytime departments in the 1965/66 academic year, in 1966/67. - 1740 thousand, and in 1967/68. - 1890 thousand, in the evening departments in the 1965/66 academic year - 569 thousand, in 1966/67. - 618 thousand and in 1967/68. - 652 thousand, for correspondence departments in the 1965/66 academic year - 1708 thousand, in 1966/67. - 1765 thousand, in 1967/68. - 1769 thousand students.

The table should show the change in specific gravity different types training in universities of the country.

The given data contains a grouping of students by type of education. This defines the subject of the table. In the predicate, you can give absolute and relative indicators over the years.

Table 10

Distribution of students by type of study

The table shows an increase in the proportion of full-time students.

And here is an example of incorrect construction of this table:

Table 11

Number of students enrolled in higher education

The table turned out to be cumbersome in form and inconvenient for reading and analysis. The title of the table is also incorrect. It does not express the cognitive value of the table, which is not to show the number of students, but to show the change in the proportion of different types of education.

Practice has developed the following basic rules for the compilation and design of statistical tables:

1. The table should be as small as possible, since a concise table is easier to analyze. Sometimes it is more advisable to build two or three small tables than one large one.

2. The name of the table, the headings of the lines of the subject and the graph of the predicate must be formulated precisely, concisely and clearly and, if required, must have units of measurement. The title of the table should indicate the territory and period to which the given data relate. The names of indicators in the table should not be accompanied by instructional explanations that reveal their content. It is better to put these explanations in a note.

3. Subject lines and predicate graphs are usually arranged according to the principle from particular to general, ie. first they show the terms, and at the end of the subject or predicate, they summarize. If not all the terms are given, but the most important of them are highlighted, then first they show the general totals, and then highlight their most important components, for this, after the final line, they give explanations “including”.

4. The lines in the subject and the graphs in the predicate are often numbered in order to make it easier to refer to the numbers in the table. At the same time, only the columns in which the numbers fit in are numbered in the predicate. Subject columns are either not numbered at all, or are designated by letters ("a", "b", etc.).

5. When filling out the table, the following conventions are used: if this phenomenon does not occur at all, put a dash; if there is no information about this phenomenon. Put an ellipsis or write "no information"; if information is available, but the numerical values \u200b\u200bare less than the accuracy accepted in the table, they set 0.0.

6. Rounded numbers are given in the table with the same degree of accuracy (up to 0.1, up to 0.01, etc.). When percentages are expressed in large numbers, such as four-digit numbers, it is advisable to replace them with the expression (so many times more or less. "For example, instead of 2489%, it is better to write" 24.9 times more. "

7. If not only the reported data are given, but also the data obtained as a result of calculations, it is advisable to make a reservation about this in the table or in the note to it.

8. The table may be accompanied by notes that indicate the data sources, in more detail the content of the indicators and other necessary explanations.

You need to be able to use tables. Before proceeding with the analysis of the table data, you should familiarize yourself with the name of the table, the headings of the columns and rows, establish which attribute the data belongs to, what date they are given or for what period, pay attention to the units of measurement, understand which processes are characterized by relative values ...

Analysis of the data in the statistical table should start with the totals. Viewing the totals gives you an overview of the table data. Then it is necessary to proceed to the analysis of the data of individual lines and graphs, but they should not be read in succession, but first select particular totals and the most characteristic data, and then analyze all the rest.

Bibliography

1. N.N. Ryauzov "General Theory of Statistics". Second edition, revised and enlarged, M., statistics, 1980.

2. Efimova M.R. "General theory of statistics". Textbook. M., INFRA-M, 1996.

Therefore, a statistical table is usually defined as a form of compact visual presentation of statistical data.

Analysis of tables allows you to solve many problems in the study of changes in phenomena over time, the structure of phenomena and their relationships. Thus, statistical tables serve as a universal means of rational presentation, generalization and analysis of statistical information.

Externally statistical table is a system of specially constructed horizontal rows and vertical columns with a common heading, headings of graphs and rows, at the intersection of which statistical data are recorded.

Each figure in statistical tables is a specific indicator characterizing the size or levels, dynamics, structure or relationships of phenomena in specific conditions of place and time, that is, a certain quantitative and qualitative characteristic of the phenomenon under study.

If the table is not filled with numbers, that is, it has only a common title, headings of columns and rows, then we have a layout of a statistical table. It is with its development that the process of compiling statistical tables begins.

The main elements of the statistical table are subject and predicate of a table.

Subject table - is an object of statistical study, that is, individual units of the population, their groups or the entire population as a whole.

Predictable tables are statistical indicators characterizing the object under study.

The subject and the indicators of the predicate of the table must be determined very precisely. As a rule, the subject is located on the left side of the table and makes up the content of the lines, and the predicate is on the right side of the table and makes up the content of the columns.

Usually, when arranging the indicators of the predicate in the table, the following rule is followed: first, the absolute indicators characterizing the volume of the studied population are given, then the calculated relative indicators reflecting the structure, dynamics and relationships between the indicators.

Building analytical tables

The construction of analytical tables is as follows. Any table consists of a subject and a predicate. The subject reveals the economic phenomenon referred to in this table and contains a set of indicators that reflect this phenomenon. The predicate of the table explains which features represent the subject.

Some tables reflect changes in the structure of some economic indicators. Such tables contain information on the composition of the analyzed economic phenomenon both in the baseline and in the reporting period. Based on these data, the proportion (specific weight) of each part in the total population is determined and deviations from the basic specific weights for each part are calculated.

Separate tables can reflect the relationship between economic indicators for some reason. In such tables, information on this economic indicator is arranged in ascending or descending order of the numerical values \u200b\u200bcharacterizing this indicator.

In the economic analysis, tables are also compiled, reflecting the results of determining the influence of individual factors on the value of the analyzed generalizing (effective) indicator. When drawing up such tables, first place information about the factors affecting the generalizing indicator, then information about the generalizing indicator itself, and finally about the change in this indicator in the aggregate, as well as due to the influence of each analyzed factor. Separate analytical tables reflect the results of calculating the reserves for improving economic indicators, identified as a result of the analysis. Such tables show both the actual and theoretically possible size of the influence of individual factors, as well as the possible size of the reserve for the growth of the generalizing indicator due to the influence of each individual factor.

Finally, in the analysis of economic activities, tables are also compiled that are intended to summarize the results of the analysis.

The practice of statistics has developed the following rules for compiling tables:

• The table should be expressive and compact. Therefore, instead of one cumbersome table for many features, it is better to make several small in volume, but visual, corresponding to the task of studying the tables.
• The name of the table, the headings of the columns and lines should be formulated accurately and concisely.
• The table must indicate: the object under study, the territory, and the time to which the data given in the table refer, the units of measurement.
• If some data is absent, then in the table either put an ellipsis, or write "no information", if some phenomenon did not take place, then put a dash
• The values \u200b\u200bof the same indicators are given in the table with the same degree of accuracy.
• The table should have totals for groups, subgroups and in general. If the summation of the data is impossible, then the multiplication sign "*" is put in this column.
• In large tables, divide a gap after every five rows to make it easier to read and analyze the table.

Types of statistical tables

Among the methods of economic analysis, the most common tabular method (method) for displaying the investigated digital data. The fact is that both the initial data for the analysis, and various calculations, as well as the results of the study, are drawn up in the form of analytical tables. Tables are a very useful and visual form of displaying numerical information used in the analysis of economic activity. In analytical tables, in a certain order, there is digital information about the studied economic phenomena. Tabular material is much more informative and descriptive in comparison with the textual presentation of the material. Tables allow you to present analytical materials in the form of a single holistic system.

The type of statistical table is determined by the nature of the development of indicators of its lying.

There are three types of statistical tables:

• simple
• group
• combinational

Simple tables contain a list of individual units that make up the aggregate of the analyzed economic phenomenon. IN group tables digital information in the context of individual constituent parts of the studied data set is combined into certain groups in accordance with any feature. Combined tables contain separate groups and subgroups into which economic indicators characterizing the studied economic phenomenon are subdivided. Moreover, such a subdivision is carried out not according to one, but according to several criteria. in group tables, simple grouping of indicators is carried out, and in combined tables, combined grouping. Simple tables do not contain any grouping of indicators at all. The last type of tables contains only an ungrouped set of information about the analyzed economic phenomenon.

Simple tables

Simple tables have in the subject a list of units of population, time, or territories.

Extraction of some types of minerals in Russia in 2007
Types of products	Produced by
Oil million tons	491
Natural gas billion cubic meters	651
Coal million tons	315

Group tables

Group tables are tables that have units of the aggregate in the subject to be grouped according to one attribute.

Distribution of the population of Russia by sex as of January 1, 2007
	million people	in% to the total
Population - total	142,0	100,0
Including:
Men	65,8	46,3
Women	76,4	53,7

Combination tables

Combination tables have aggregate units to be grouped according to two or more characteristics.

Foreign trade of the Russian Federation in 2007 (in actual prices)
	billion US dollars	in% to the total
Export of goods	355,2	100
	301,5	84,9
with CIS countries	53,7	15,1
Import of goods	223,1	100
with foreign countries	191,2	85,7
with CIS countries	31,9	14,3

By the nature of the development of predicate indicators, they are distinguished:

• tables with a simple development of predicate indicators, in which there is a parallel arrangement of predicate indicators.
• tables with a complex development of predicate indicators, in which there is a combination of predicate indicators: within groups formed according to one characteristic, subgroups are distinguished according to another characteristic.