Acupressure massage the main points. Biological active points on the human body, responsible for organs for improving health, losing weight, and treatment. Photo with a description. Effects on muscles and joints

Acupressure massage Born in the 20th century, acupressure (shiatsu) is a kind of modern interpretation of the traditional Japanese amma massage, which has been practiced for centuries within the framework of oriental medicine. The popularity of this method in the East (and more recently in

Acupressure massage is the oldest oriental method of treatment. It appeared, apparently, on the territory of modern China, Korea, Mongolia and Japan. It is based on the same principles as in segmental massage: treatment should be complex (a disease of an organ is a disease of the whole organism); treatment should be unhurried, thorough; finally, it must be individual. But if the basis of segmental massage is the schematic division of the human body into segments, then acupressure appeared after the discovery of certain points on the body that are closely related to the internal organs and systems of a person.

Acupressure also has a lot in common with acupuncture, since both exposure to a needle and pressure with a finger on certain points restore impaired functions and improve the patient's condition.

The points involved in acupressure are called "vital points" or - in modern science - "biologically active points" (BAP). Studies have shown that these points have specific features. Firstly, they have low electrical resistance, secondly, high electrical potential, thirdly, high skin temperature, as well as high pain sensitivity, increased oxygen absorption and a high level of metabolic processes.

The basic rules of acupressure are associated with the ancient ideas about " vital energy"-" chi ", according to which" chi "moves along a certain trajectory along invisible channels-meridians and provides each organ with" nourishment ". The vital energy moves from one channel to another, there are 12 paired and 2 unpaired such channels. Under normal circumstances, when each channel receives a certain amount of vital energy, a person is healthy. As a result of the violation of the "tides" of vital energy in one part of the body, there is an excess of energy, and in the other - a lack. In this case, any disease develops.

Oriental medicine has long sought to bring "yin" and "yang" to harmony. According to the views of ancient Eastern physicians, the five primary elements of the earth have correspondences with sleepiness, increased oxygen absorption and a high level of metabolic processes.

Pressing on the "vital points" causes a feeling of aches, numbness, even pain, which is absent when pressing on other areas of the skin. Studies have shown that these sensations are constant, so they serve as a criterion for the correctness of finding such points.

Why does this or that disease occur? The disease occurs because the flow of "vital energy" is disturbed. And you can restore the normal flow of this energy if you act on the points located along the meridian channels.

1) to influence the central nervous system, they act on points of a general or broad spectrum of action;

2) to influence the cervical autonomic apparatus, the points of the collar zone (C V 1 II -T) are used;

3) so-called segmental points are used to influence the function of internal organs;

4) to influence the radicular syndrome and peripheral nerves, acupressure is performed at regional points along the paravertebral lines;

5) to act on joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, mainly local points are used.

In addition, a number of meridian points have specific functions and are called standard. There are six of them on each meridian:

1) tonic point;

2) inhibitory (sedative) point - serves to enhance the inhibitory process;

3) point - "accomplice" - used to enhance the exciting or inhibitory effect;

4) a stabilizing point is a point of energy transition from one body system (meridian) to another (LO-point);

5) sympathetic, or point of agreement, is located outside the meridian and is also used to enhance the impact on the first two points;

6) the herald, or the point of alarm, has a diagnostic value.

The toning and inhibitory points of the meridian are processed, respectively, with inhibitory or stimulating methods of influence, a description of which will be given below.

Thus, acupressure is a method of reflexology, the area of \u200b\u200binfluence of which is acupuncture points; method of influence - massage. The founder of acupressure is E. D. Tyko-chinskaya (1969), who first developed and introduced this method for the treatment of patients with movement disorders. We began to use acupressure in sports practice since 1975, and already in 1977, at the Republican Scientific Conference in Minsk, results were reported confirming the feasibility of using this method in order to influence muscle tone (V.I. Vasichkin, G.N. . Vygodin, A. M. Tyurin).

General about acupressure

Massage as a healing and restorative remedy has been known for a long time. One of the earliest mentions of massage is found in Chinese manuscripts dating back to the 9th century. The great Greek physician Hippocrates wrote: "Massage can bind a joint that is too relaxed and soften a joint that is very tight."

Like acupuncture and moxibustion, massage can be considered the oldest creative discovery of Chinese medicine. The difference between these methods, in fact, lies only in different ways of influencing biologically active points of the human body. Thus, acupuncture uses various needles made of metal alloys. In ancient times, sharp edges of stones, fragments of porcelain, bamboo needles were used as irritating objects, and only later, with the appearance in the 6th century. BC metal, began to make iron, silver and gold needles. Currently, acupuncture is carried out by means of the thinnest metal round needles inserted at different depths depending on the site of irritation. The tip of the needle is somewhat blunt, so as not to injure the tissue, violate its integrity and not cause painful sensations. However, the methods of administration and the acupuncture technique itself are available only to specialist doctors who have completed the appropriate training course.

Moxibustion is carried out with a red-hot metal stick, applying pieces of garlic to certain areas of the skin. However, wormwood cigars are the most widely used. For their production, dried wormwood is crushed and cigars with a diameter of 1 to 20-30 mm are made from it. Sometimes medicinal substances are added to wormwood: dry ginger, garlic, etc. In ancient China, it was believed that the key to success when using moxibustion is the formation of bubbles, in the absence of which the effect does not occur. However, the absence of sterile conditions during these procedures led to the fact that purulent complications appeared in the area of \u200b\u200bburns. The safer and more painless use of acupuncture and acupressure has led to the fact that the moxibustion method is currently practically not used.

The effectiveness of the massage depends on the correct choice and definition of the point and on the massage technique.

Before you start acupressure, you need to learn how to locate biologically active points. For this purpose, two methods are used that complement each other. The first method is to determine the location of points by anatomical landmarks (for example, ear, eye, spine, nail, various skin folds, etc.). Another method for determining biological points is the use of tsuni. According to the ancient Chinese technique, the whole human body is divided into puni. Tsun is not a specific distance, but a value that is individual for each person, depending on a person's height, fullness, physique, etc. In modern clinical practice, the basis for finding points is finger cun. To determine the length of one tsun, it is necessary to bend the middle finger so that, closing with the thumb, it forms a ring. The distance between the skin folds of the second phalanx of the middle finger will be equal to 1 tsun. The width of your thumb, measured slightly below the nail fold, is also 1 tsun.

It should be noted that the second method is not suitable for people with deformed altered joints. Thus, having measured your individual cun, you can get a universal, personal unit of measurement with which you can find biologically active points of the body. To facilitate the task, it is advisable to take a white ribbon or a narrow ribbon and apply up to 15 divisions on it (each is equal to 1 tsun). It is advisable to determine tsun in men on the left hand, and in women on the right.

Armed with the knowledge of the individual tsun, it is necessary to get acquainted with the techniques of acupressure. For a layman, the most accessible and easily digestible are three main acupressure techniques: light touch, stroking, light and deep finger pressure.

Finger pressure during acupressure should always be strictly vertical, without displacement. The movement of the finger can be rotational or vibrating, but it must be non-stop. The stronger the impact on the point, the shorter it should be. One of the main acupressure techniques is thumb pressure. Many modern authors believe that the impact should be made with the pad of the thumb, but other experts recommend that pressure be produced by the joint between the first and second phalanges of the thumb. In their opinion, with this method it is easier to regulate the force of impact, and besides, the finger gets tired less. However, regardless of the method of exposure, pressure with the tip of the finger should be excluded in all cases, as this can lead to skin injury, the appearance of micro-abrasions and the development of infectious complications. It should be noted that there is a special technique that is used in acupressure and is called "finger-needle" - when the action is carried out precisely with the tip of the finger.

There are several methods of thumb pressure.

1. Normal pressure.This method consists in one constant pressure on the point for 3-5 seconds, then the pressure is gradually stopped.

2. Repetitive pressure.The essence of the method is that the pressure is carried out in several stages. First, the point is pressed for 5-6 s, then, without taking the finger, the pressure is stopped and again resumed, repeating this procedure 3-4 times.

3. Pressing with two thumbs at the same time.In this method, the thumbs touch either the outer edges or the nail ends.

4. Press with overlapping thumbs.When using this method, the thumbs are not next to each other, as described in the previous case, but one on top of the other, and the pressure is produced simultaneously with two fingers. This technique is used when massaging points located in those parts of the body where there is a large muscle mass.

Most common mistakeswhen performing vibration reception: large amplitude and non-maximum rate of oscillatory movements; trauma to the skin with a nail.

Taking pressureit is mainly carried out with the help of the first finger, and you need to press on the point with the second phalanx from the shoulder, arching the finger, with the arm extended (Fig. 76). If it is necessary to press on a point with more force, it is necessary to put the fingers crosswise so that the force of both fingers passes along the same line, but the lower finger would be more rounded. In addition to pressing with the 1st finger, the following varieties are used in acupressure: the second phalanges of the II-IV fingers, the elevation of the 1st finger, the edge or base of the palm, with the burden of the 1st finger with the ulnar edge of the hand.

The direction of efforts when performing a pressure reception.

PTFE tip (1) with handle (2).

The pressure on the tissue can be constant or variable, then increase, then decrease. The force of pressure is different - from weak to strong, so the provided sensations are also different - from the appearance of a feeling of warmth and the appearance of redness to numbness.

Reception is laborious for a masseur, and in this regard, in acupressure, spherical tips with a diameter of 1 to 20 mm, made of plexiglass, hard wood (oak, boxwood), duralumin, ebonite, fluoroplastic, can be used. The upper figure shows a fluoroplastic tip with a handle, which we use on large muscles (rationalization proposal No. 51020 of 06/05/86).

The main mistakeswhen performing a pressure reception: pressing the first phalanx of the finger, which can lead to injury.

Three methods of acupressure are applied: strong, medium and weak.

Strong- inhibitory, providing analgesic and relaxing (decrease in muscle tone) effect. Pressure is allowed with a force necessary to penetrate all tissues to the bone system and reaching the intensity of the pain threshold and irradiation. Rotational movements, vibration and pressure are performed periodically, that is, 20-30 s with increasing force and 5-10 s and with decreasing pressure on the point. The total exposure time for each point is 5 minutes or more. As guidelines for dosage, you can use the appearance of a vasomotor reaction in the form of the disappearance of the pale spot after the cessation of pressure or the onset of muscle relaxation, clearly felt by the massaging finger.

In sports practice, a strong, inhibitory version of acupressure is mainly used for myogelosis, distinct muscle hypertonicity.

Averagemethod - a braking option that has a relaxing effect. The pressure is applied with a force that penetrates the muscles until the intended sensations are obtained in the form of bursting, numbness and aches. The frequency of movements is small, 10-12 s with increasing efforts and 3-5 s with decreasing pressure on the point. The total exposure time is 2-3 minutes per point. The dosage criterion can be a vasomotor reaction in the form of a noticeable reddening of the skin at the sites of massage.

It is widely used for all conditions and diseases associated with increased muscle tone.

Weak- an exciting option that has a stimulating effect in the hypotonic state of the muscles. To achieve the stimulating effect, the finger, rotating, vibrating or pressing, deepens into the skin and subcutaneous tissue for 4-5 seconds, after which it is torn off the skin for 1 - 2 seconds. The duration of exposure at each point is 1 min on average. It is used mainly in medical practice in combination with physiotherapy complexes.

With deep pressure in the area of \u200b\u200bthe point under the finger, a small fossa should form.

Applying this or that technique, one should carefully act on a point perpendicular to the skin surface. Stroking and pressing should not break the skin, cause sharp pain.

Stroking should be continuous, and the movement of the fingers should be horizontally rotational clockwise or vibrating. The vibration or rotation must be done at a specific pace (slowing down or speeding up). Rotation can be combined with light pressure. Strong pressure should be short-lived. Typically, pressure is applied with the pad of the thumb or middle finger, sometimes with the other fingers. Depending on the duration and intensity of the effect, a tonic or calming effect is obtained. Hence, there are two main methods of acupressure: tonic and soothing.

The tonic method is characterized by short, strong pressure and the same rapid elimination of the finger from the point. Intermittent vibration is also common with this method. The duration of exposure to a point by this method is from 30 to 60 seconds.

The soothing method is characterized by smooth, slow rotational movements (not moving the skin) or pressing with the fingertips with a gradual increase in the pressure force and holding the finger at a depth. The movements are repeated 3-4 times, while the finger does not come off the point. The impact on the point with the sedative method is continuous. The duration of exposure to each point is from 3 to 5 minutes.

The conditions for carrying out a massage by one method or another are the same: before the massage, take a comfortable position, completely relax, distract from extraneous thoughts, focusing all attention on the massage. The desired result sometimes occurs during a massage session, sometimes after it, in some cases - after a massage course consisting of several sessions. Often it is enough to act on 2-3 points to feel the positive effect of massage. Therefore, you should not rush to massage all points. Firstly, it is necessary to follow a certain sequence, and secondly, do not rush to move from one point to another.

Indications and contraindications for acupressure and linear massage

Point and linear massage has a number of advantages over other types of reflexology:

1) learning to finger massage is much easier than, for example, acupuncture;

2) hygiene requirements during massage sessions are minimal and do not require any sophisticated devices, disinfectants;

3) these types of massage can be performed on an outpatient basis and in any forced conditions (on the street, in industrial premises);

4) the effectiveness of the impact of experienced massage therapists is not inferior to acupuncture;

5) finger massage is very convenient when providing emergency assistance, as well as in the form of self-massage;

6) point and linear self-massage is very effective for restoring performance and physical fatigue.

1. Neuroses.

Anxiety neuroses.

Hysterical neurosis.

Depressive neurosis.

Neuritis of the radial, ulnar, median nerves, brachial plexitis, sciatica.

Vegetative-vascular syndromes.

3. Diseases of the circulatory system.

Essential benign hypertension stage I.

Reflex angina.

Spondyloarthritis.

Osteoarthritis, arthrosis deformans, spondylosis, traumatic spondylopathy.

Arthritis (rheumatic, allergic).

Lumbago, intercostal myalgia, periarthritis of the shoulder scapula.

6. Osteochondrosis of the spine.

Brachial sciatica.

Cervical radiculitis.

Lumbosacral radiculitis.

Relative indications

Point and linear massage can be considered as symptomatic therapy for organic diseases of the nervous system and internal organs, in which there are structural changes in organs and systems. However, in some cases, positive shifts and even delays in the process of the disease may appear, not to mention the general strengthening and psychotherapeutic effect of reflexology.

Contraindications

The main group of contraindications are:

1) benign tumors;

When treating chronic gastritis, the following points should be massaged.

3.25 - Tien-shu. The point is used in the treatment of chronic diseases of the stomach, intestines, chronic cholecystitis, menstrual irregularities, urinary retention.

3.36 - Tszu-san-li. The point is stimulated in the treatment of gastric ulcer, gastritis, functional diseases of the central nervous system, diseases of the oral cavity, hypertension, psoriasis.

8.21 -Yu-men.

12.2 - Xing-jian. The point is located on the foot, 0.5 tsunya outside the interdigital fold between the thumb and second toe.

13.14 - Da-zhui.

14.12 - Zhong-wan. Refers to points of general action.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe point are the epigastric artery and branches of the intercostal nerves.

The point is also used in the treatment of pain in the stomach, intestines, tosh iota, gastric ulcer, gastroduodenitis, gastritis, cholecystitis, asthenic conditions and neuroses.

14.14 - Ju-tsue. The point is located 2 tsunya below the junction of the sternum with the xiphoid process.

It is advisable to massage the lower thoracic spine with your hands or a massager. Using a rolling pin, massage your feet.

To do this, while sitting on the floor, put your feet on a rolling pin and roll it.

The following exercise has a beneficial effect on the work of the digestive tract.

Massage your index fingers.

Then sit on a chair, rest your palms on the seat, straighten your arms, raise your legs, keeping them parallel to the floor, and try to lift your body away from the chair. If you succeed, stay in this position for 5 seconds and repeat the exercise 5 times, and then after a short break, do the exercise again.

Acupressure massage for neurocirculatory dystonia

Neurocirculatory dystonia is a functional disease of the cardiovascular system, which is accompanied by pain in the region of the heart; an increase or decrease in blood pressure is possible. The diagnosis of neurocirculatory dystonia is established by a physician. Pain in neurocirculatory dystonia is burning, shooting, pulling, piercing, as a rule, it is localized in the region of the heart, does not irradiate, lasts a long time, is stopped (removed) by taking validol, corvalol, and also with physical activity... In the complex of measures for the treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia, along with the normalization of the lifestyle, the reduction of stress loads, the observance of the work and rest regimen and the use of medications, an important role can be played by acupressure, which helps to reduce pain or get rid of it. In this disease, massage of the following points is recommended.

5.5 - Tun-li. The point is located 1 cun above the proximal fold of the wrist joint, between the flexor tendons.

5.7 - Shen-men ("Gates of the Spirit"). The point is located on the arm, in the anterior region, in the inner part of the proximal wrist fold, between the flexor tendons of the fingers.

9.6-Nei-guan.

It is also possible to use other points.

3.36 - Tszu-san-li.

4.6 - San-yin-jiao.

13.48 - Bao Huang. The point is located outward from the center of the gap between the rudiments of the spinous processes of the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae.

2.37 - Wow. The point is located outward from the center of the gap between the spinous processes of the 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebrae.

Contrast foot baths also help relieve pain in the heart. To do this, you need to take two basins, one of them with water at a temperature of 40-42 ° C, and the other half as much (20-21 ° C). The feet are lowered into a hot bath; when they get warm, put their feet in cool water; as soon as there is a feeling of chilliness, they lower their feet into hot water again. This procedure is repeated several times, ending with cold water, and then rubbing the legs with a terry towel until redness. For older people, the water temperature can be reduced to 37 ° C, while the use of a contrast shower can be recommended for younger people.

To relieve pain, you can use a hot bath (41-42 ° C) for 7-10 minutes on the right hand.

Acupressure massage for hypertension

The use of acupressure can be a powerful adjunct in the treatment of hypertension. However, before

use acupressure, it is imperative to consult with your doctor, since only he can determine the presence of contraindications to such treatment. In the process of treating hypertension, it is necessary to control the level of blood pressure. It is necessary to take into account the individual reaction, as well as the dynamics of blood pressure when exposed to certain groups of points and use the most favorable of them for repeated exposure. It is not recommended to independently perform acupressure in case of cerebrovascular accident and other complications of hypertension.

Most often, massage of the following points is used to treat hypertension.

3.36 - Tszu-san-li.

9.b-Nei-guan.

4.6 - San-yin-jiao.

The point affects both the maximum (systolic) and minimum (diastolic) blood pressure and is one of the most important in the treatment of hypertension.

2.11 - Qui-chi.

3.44 - Nei-ting ("Lower Hall"). The point is located between the heads of the II and III metatarsal bones. This is where the dorsal artery and the dorsal nerve are located. The point is used for diseases of the stomach, small intestine, oral mucosa, headache, inflammatory diseases of the joints of the feet, sleep disorders.

2.15 - Tszyan-yu ("Shoulder bed"). The point is located above the shoulder joint, between the acromial process of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus and corresponds to the depression formed during passive abduction of the arm. The location of the point corresponds to the middle of the deltoid muscle.

Point massage is recommended for diseases of the upper extremities, radiculitis, shoulder plexitis, neuritis, arthritis and arthrosis of the shoulder joint. The point is part of the collar zone, which is why it is used for vegetative disorders, pathology of the small pelvis.

12.14 - Qi-men 403].

5.7 - Shen-men. Point massage is performed with decreased appetite, pain in the heart, paroxysmal tachycardia of a neurogenic nature. The impact on this point is especially shown in case of neuroses, depression, anxiety, fears, loss of memory and attention.

1 and 5-Tszyu-wei.

9.7 - Da-ling ("Big Hill"). The point is located in the middle of the wrist fold in the area of \u200b\u200bthe wrist joint, between the tendons of the long palmar muscle and the radial flexor of the hand. At the location of the point, the median nerve passes.

The point affects the maximum (systolic) blood pressure.

Acupressure massage for osteochondrosis of the spine

All points are shown in the pictures (see the article in general about acupressure)

Osteochondrosis is one of the most common diseases of the ligamentous-articular apparatus. The development of the disease is associated with a sedentary and sedentary lifestyle, improper posture, excessive. Using acupressure at home can be an effective treatment for this ailment.

Before starting a massage session, it is advisable to use universal points that are used for various diseases:

3.36 (Tszu-san-li). Then you should begin to massage the points located on the meridian of the bladder. They are all located on the back.

7.22 - San-jiao-shu. The point is symmetrical, located 1.5 tsun away from the depression under the spinous process of the 1st lumbar vertebra.

7.23 - Shen-shu. The point is used in the treatment of kidney diseases, pain in the lumbar region, menstrual irregularities, hearing impairment, diabetes mellitus, hemorrhoids and intestinal colic.

7.24 - Qi-hai-shu.

7.25 - Da-chan-shu.

7.26 - Guan-yuan-shu. The location of the point is the same as 7.25 (Da-chang-shu), just under the 5th lumbar vertebra.

7.60 - Kun-lun ("Name of the mountain in Tibet"). The point is in the middle of the indentation between the center of the outer ankle and the heel tendon, at the level of the ankle apex. Refers to points of general action. The location of the point corresponds to the location of the short peroneal muscle, the posterior ankle artery and the sural nerve.

Point massage is indicated for headaches, dizziness, pain in the neck, back, lower back, diseases of the pelvic organs, arterial hypertension, neuroses and insomnia.

13.4 - Ming-Men ("The Gate of Life"). The point is located directly between the spinous processes of the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. In this area are the posterior branches of the lumbar artery and the posterior branches of the lumbar plexus.

The point is massaged for headache, radicular pain syndrome of lumbar localization, neuroses, especially combined with insomnia, asthenic conditions, hemorrhoids, intestinal colic, dysfunction of the pelvic organs.

Acupressure massage for neurasthenia

Neurasthenia is one of the most common types of neurosis, which is manifested by increased excitability and irritability, combined with rapid fatigue and exhaustion. The patient with neurasthenia quickly falls asleep, but also quickly wakes up from the slightest rustle, reactions of irritation, resentment and anger easily arise, but they are short-lived, since exhaustion quickly sets in. In some cases, neurasthenia is a consequence of mental fatigue or chronic action of a traumatic situation. There are two main forms of neurasthenia: a) hypersthenic, which is clinically manifested by symptoms of increased excitability, and b) hyposthenic, characterized by lethargy, apathy, and drowsiness. The choice of the formula for acupressure depends on the clinical manifestations of the disease and is determined by the leading pathological symptom. The principles of treating neurasthenia and the main points for acupressure are as follows.

13.14-Da-chzhui.

7.60 - Kun-Lun.

13.20 -Bai-hui.

2.11 - Qui-chi.

In the case of severe tearfulness, emotional instability, a good effect has an effect on the following points.

2.4-he-gu. 7.10 - Tien-chu 399].

7.15-Gao-huang.

7.34 - Xia-liao. The point is located below the waist, above the 4th sacral foramen.

14.4 - Guan-yuan. The point is located on the median line below the navel at 3 tsunya.

Insomnia

If you suffer from insomnia, instead of using sleeping pills, we recommend massaging the following points before bed.

4.6 - San-yin-jiao.

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