Brief biography of Andrei Gorodetsky. Russian history. Andrey Alexandrovich Gorodetsky. Military campaigns of Andrei Gorodetsky
Finally, the power-hungry Andrei Alexandrovich could legitimately call himself the Grand Duke of Rus'. Nobody argued with him. After the death of his brother Dmitry Borisovich in 1294, Konstantin Borisovich sat on the throne in Rostov, giving Uglich to his son Alexander. Grand Duke Andrei Alexandrovich Gorodetsky and Mikhail Yaroslavich Tverskoy married the daughters of the deceased Dmitry of Rostov. Andrei Alexandrovich did not have the data for a great reign. He was an envious, selfish man, he took cities and exterminated Christians at the hands of the Tatars, shed a lot of innocent blood. In 1295, Andrei and his wife traveled to the Horde to gain the favor of Khan Tokhta. The Khan's ambassador, appointed as a peacemaker, convened in 1296 - 1297. Russian princes in Vladimir. They divided into two camps: Mikhail Yaroslavich Tverskoy took the side of Daniil Alexandrovich Moskovsky, Fyodor Rostislavich (Cherny) and Konstantin Borisovich took the side of Andrei Alexandrovich. The ambassador listened to the princes, but did not understand the meaning of their dispute. And they, unable to withstand the stress of analyzing the case, took out their swords and wanted to fight, but the Tatars pacified them. It all ended peacefully, or better yet, nothing. The Russian princes presented gifts to the Tatars, and they left. Andrei Alexandrovich decided to gather an army to punish his relatives as rebels. Wanting to take advantage of the absence of John Dmitrievich, the Pereyaslavl prince, who was then in the Horde, the Grand Duke wanted to take possession of Pereyaslavl, but met a strong Tver and Moscow army near Yuryev, for John, leaving for the khan, entrusted the defense of his land to Mikhail Tversky. Peace was concluded again, which was not broken until the death of Andrei Gorodetsky. In 1302, John Dmitrievich, who is called Quiet or Meek in the chronicles, died; he was childless. John bequeathed Pereyaslavl to his uncle Daniil Alexandrovich. However, Daniil Alexandrovich of Moscow arrived in this city and expelled all the boyars of the Grand Duke who were trying to establish themselves in Pereyaslavl. Daniel considered himself the true heir of John the Quiet and, indignant at his power-hungry brother, went with a complaint to the khan. The Pereyaslavl principality, like the Rostov principality, was then famous both for the number of inhabitants and for the fortress of the city. Daniil Alexandrovich approved the independence of Moscow. He defeated and captured the Ryazan prince Konstantin Romanovich, killing many Tatars, on whose support he was counting. This was an amazingly bold step on the part of Daniil of Moscow, moreover, it had no consequences. Thus Moscow rose. The Russian people, taking advantage of internal strife in the Horde, began to sharpen their swords in order to crush the power of the conquerors. Meanwhile, while Andrei Gorodetsky was in the Horde, Daniil Alexandrovich of Moscow suddenly died (1303). He was the first to exalt Moscow and the first of the princes to be buried in the Church of St. Michael (located on the site of the Archangel Cathedral), leaving a long-lasting memory of himself as a good, fair, prudent prince, and “prepared Moscow to take the place of Vladimir” (N.M. Karamzin) . Having learned about the death of Daniil, the Pereyaslavl residents unanimously declared his son Yuri, or Georgiy Daniilovich, their prince, who was not even allowed to go to his father’s funeral, since the townspeople were afraid that Andrei Gorodetsky would occupy their city a second time. But Yuri, having calmed the people, not only expected Andrei without fear, but also wanted to increase the possessions of Moscow with new acquisitions. He united with his brothers and conquered Mozhaisk, the Smolensk inheritance, pushing out Prince Svyatoslav Glebovich, nephew of Fyodor Rostislavich Cherny. Upon his return from the Horde, the great Prince Andrei Alexandrovich convened a princely congress in 1303. The khan's labels were read out. Despite the fact that Pereyaslavl was supposed to be transferred to another prince, Yuri Daniilovich retained it and secured it for himself. Other appanage princes - Ryazan, Smolensk - did not participate in this congress , since the invasion of the Tatars destroyed the last ties between them. The Pskovites again had to face the forces of the Livonian Order. Their prince Dovmont, already in old age, defeated the Germans. He soon died, having served Rus' for 33 years. Dovmont was married to the daughter of Grand Duke Dmitry Alexandrovich - Maria. The people of Pskov loved Dovmont, he built the city well. The Novgorodians on the Gulf of Finland fortified Koporye, but the Swedes jealously watched the strengthening of the Russians in these places. In 1300, the Swedish fleet entered the Neva, and the Swedes founded the new fortress city of Landskrona at the mouth of the river. For a long time, the Novgorodians called on the Grand Duke to destroy this fortress. Finally, Andrei Alexandrovich agreed, and in 1301 the fortress was besieged by the Russians, the Swedes stubbornly resisted, but were broken, and the Russians razed the city to the ground. On July 27, 1304, Grand Duke Andrei Alexandrovich died, earning the hatred of his contemporaries and the contempt of his descendants. None of the princes of the Monomakh family did as much evil to the fatherland as this unworthy son of Alexander Nevsky, buried in Volzhsky Gorodets, far from the sacred ashes of his parent. During the reign of Andrei Alexandrovich (in 1299), Metropolitan Maxim left Kyiv forever, so as not to be a witness there to the intolerable tyranny of the Tatar-Mongols. He moved to Vladimir. After Yaroslav Vsevolodovich and his son Alexander Nevsky, the great princes no longer had any power over the Dnieper principalities.
April 16th, 2018
The first king of Rus'.Ekaterina Astafieva
The Galician-Volyn principality at the beginning of the 13th century became a real bone of contention for the Russian princes. Daniil Romanovich won, but he did not stop there. To enlist support from the West in the fight against the Horde, Daniil Galitsky accepted the crown from the hands of the Pope himself and became the first king of Rus'. He also managed to achieve recognition of the rights to the Austrian throne for his son Roman.
The childhood of the future king of Rus' Daniil Romanovich passed in an atmosphere of hostility and intrigue. After the death of his father Roman Mstislavich, who belonged to the senior branch of the Monomakhovichs, civil strife continued in the Galicia-Volyn principality for 40 years. Rich and powerful boyars represented a counterweight to the princely power. At the same time, they did not cease to quarrel with each other. Poles and Hungarians regularly interfered in the internal affairs of the Galicia-Volyn principality.
Galician boyars considered Daniil a bad candidate for the throne
Soon after the death of Roman Mstislavich, local boyars gathered at a meeting and recognized the young Daniil as heir. According to various sources, the prince was only one or four years old at the time. The Volyn boyar Miroslav was appointed the boy's guardian. But opponents of the late Roman were unhappy with this choice. The former Kiev prince Rurik Rostislavovich, forcibly tonsured a monk by Roman, regained Kyiv and went to war against Galich. Daniel's mother Anna turned to the Hungarian King Andras II for help. The Hungarian troops scared off Rurik, but not for long.
Some Galician boyars believed that the baby Daniel was not the best candidate for a prince. An uprising broke out in Galich, and the Romanovichs had to flee to Volyn. But they were driven out from there too. Unhappy Anna and her two sons sought protection from the Polish prince Leszek Bely, the same one with whom Roman Mstislavich fought. Daniel was sent to be raised by the Hungarian king.
Prince Daniel of Galicia and the Poles, lithograph
Discord did not subside in the Galicia-Volyn principality. The ruling Igorevichs there did not suit the boyars - they were too harsh in dealing with undesirables, and besides, they could not come to an agreement among themselves. The city council decided to return Daniil to reign, and to execute the Igorevichs - the princes were hanged on the gates of Galich. True, young Daniel at that moment could not solve the problems of the principality. A conspiracy was hatched against him, and the prince barely managed to escape to his mother in Belz.
Experienced politician
The infighting continued. Young Daniil, having secured the support of Mstislav the Udal, personally led troops into battle for the first time. He established himself as a decisive and brave military leader. He also distinguished himself a little later in the battle of Kalka - the chronicle says that Daniel went into battle in the front ranks. He was injured, but was still able to return home.
Roman Daniilovich married the heir to the Austrian throne
By the mid-20s, Daniil already had enough experience to conduct politics on his own. Gradually he conquered cities and authority. Daniel was famous as a wise prince, a skilled commander, who also patronized artisans and learned people. When Mstislav Udaloy, Daniel's main rival in the struggle for the throne, died, the Galician boyars again invited the young prince to the throne. He starved the city out, drove out the Hungarian prince Andrei from there, but did not execute him, but carried him off “with honor.”
Daniil Galitsky
Having regained his father’s throne, having even conquered Kyiv, Daniel set out to unite Rus'. But for this it was necessary to first defeat the Horde. Daniil and his competitor in the struggle for the Kiev throne, Mikhail Vsevolodovich, decided to enlist support from the West. They traveled to Hungary and Poland in the hope of marrying their sons to the daughters of local rulers. It was possible to conclude dynastic marriages, but it was not possible to find military allies.
Fight the Horde
By 1245, Daniel’s position had become so strong that the Horde began to have concerns. He was forced to go to the khan and admit his dependence. The Galicia-Volyn principality undertook to pay tribute, but the princes did not go to Sarai again.
Daniel promised the pope to convert Russians to the Catholic faith
Having established relations with the Horde, Daniel decided to seek help in the west. Daniel's son Leo married the daughter of the King of Hungary, Constance, and Roman married the heiress of the Austrian duchy. This is what allowed Roman to subsequently lay claim to the Austrian throne.
Crown from dad
Pope Innocent IV, who dreamed of uniting churches, offered Daniel the crown in exchange for the Catholicization of Russian lands. The prince agreed, and in 1254 he was crowned in Dorogichin. Daniel became the first Russian prince to bear the title King of Rus'. True, he avoided fulfilling his obligations - in 1253 Innocent declared a crusade against the Horde, but Daniel did not join him. After 2 years, Daniel ended his relationship with his dad, but retained the title and the right for his children to be called “kings of Rus'” and “princes of all the Russian, Galician and Vladimir lands.”
Coronation of Daniel
Daniel continued to fight the Horde until the last. The fight went on with varying degrees of success. The Lithuanians, whom Daniil Romanovich defeated and drove beyond their borders, did not give up hope of capturing the southwest of Rus'. Daniel was buried in the city of Kholm, which he built at his own expense. In the chronicles of the first king of Rus', Daniel of Galicia, is described as a wise military leader, an almost ideal prince. Mourning his death, the chronicler calls Daniel “second after Solomon.” http://diletant.media/articles/39277320/ANDREY GORODETSKY 1281-1283, 1294-1304
Andrei Alexandrovich, Andrei Gorodetsky (c. 1255 - July 27, 1304) from the Rurik family, the third son of Alexander Nevsky.
Wife: since 1294, daughter of Prince. Rostovsky Dmitry Borisovich, Prince. Vasilisa.
After the death of Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky in 1263, his sons stood at the head of the newly formed appanage principalities. The eldest son Dmitry Alexandrovich received patrimonial possessions - Pereslavl; Andrei Alexandrovich - the new Principality of Gorodets (with Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod and lands along the Unzha River); Principality of Moscow - youngest son Daniil.
In 1264 - the formation of the Gorodets principality (1264 - 1304). Capital Gorodets. Andrei Alexandrovich, the son of Nevsky, became the Prince of Gorodets.
Prince Gorodetsky: 1264 - 1304
Prince of Kostroma: 1276 - 1293, 1296 - 1304
According to the rules of succession to the throne, Vladimir passed to the eldest of Alexander’s brothers, Andrei of Suzdal. With the death of the last of the brothers, Vasily Kostroma, in 1276, the Principality of Vladimir passed to the eldest of the children of Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Pereyaslavsky. “After the terrible storm of Batu, our fatherland rested for thirty years, being obliged to the internal structures and silence to the intelligent rule of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich and St. Alexander... This was the state of the Grand Duchy when Dmitry Alexandrovich ascended the throne of its, unfortunately, subjects and to his own, to the shame of the century and the blood of the hero Nevsky,” this is how the Russian historian Karamzin described the situation in Rus', accusing Prince Andrei of Gorodets of unleashing an unprincipled and bloody strife.
What could have pushed the impatient Andrei into open hostility with his brother Dmitry? Firstly, the increased strength of Gorodets itself, which had been the capital of the appanage principality for 20 years.
Secondly. While in Rus' the strengthened Andrei gathered under his banner all those dissatisfied with the great Prince of Vladimir, hard times came in the Golden Horde. Here, too, a split arose between Batu’s heirs in Sarai and the impostor Khan Nogai.
Grand Duke of Vladimir: 1281 - 1283
Prince of Novgorod: 1281-1285
So by the eighties of the XIII century. A situation was created where not only the Horde played on the contradictions between the princes, but also Dmitry and Andrei themselves could maneuver between the khan’s factions. The first blow struck by Andrei came in 1281-1283.
Having secured the support of the Novgorodians, the princes of Rostov, Yaroslavl, and the boyar Simeon Tonilyevich, in 1281 Andrei went to the Horde and with the Tatar army, the governors of Kavazia and Alchedaya returned back to Rus'. At Murom, Andrei is joined by his allies, and the united Russian-Tatar army marches on Pereyaslavl. The Tatars “scattered” on the ground and “creating empty” Murom, near Vladimir, Suzdal, Yuryev, Rostov, Tver, defeated Torzhok. The Novgorodians take Dmitry's family hostage and invite Andrei to reign.
In 1282, Andrei left Novgorod through Gorodets again to the Horde, and his allies went to Pereyaslavl, where Dmitry Alexandrovich again ended up. Near the city of Dmitrov, both armies met, but parted peacefully.
Andrey returns with a new Tatar army to the governors of Turaitemer and Alyn. Dmitry runs to Nogai himself. Events of 1281 and 1282 suggest that Dmitry broke allegiance to the Saransk khans and entered into secret negotiations with Nogai. This is what Andrei Gorodetsky could take advantage of: to offer his services to the Horde to suppress the troublemaker Dmitry in the hope of receiving from the hands of the Horde a shortcut to the Vladimir Grand Duke's table. Victory was almost in Andrei's hands, when the situation suddenly changed dramatically: Dmitry returned safely to Rus' and in 1283 again sat in Vladimir.
Andrey suffers a severe defeat. He not only loses his hopes for a grand ducal label, but is also forced to participate in 1284 in Dmitry’s campaign against the Novgorodians, his recent allies. At the hands of Dmitry’s boyars in Kostroma, Andrei’s close associate, Simeon Tonilyevich, dies. longtime enemy of the Pereyaslavl prince.
The next year, 1285, again “bring Andrei Tsarevich and do a lot of evil to Christians. The great prince Dmitry settled accounts with his brothers, drove the prince away, and removed Andreev’s boyars.” After the turbulent events of 1281-1285. The relationship between the Horde and Dmitry normalized. The long-awaited calm for Rus' has arrived. Over the next eight years, we do not see any reports of any intrigues by Andrei Gorodetsky.
Dudenev's army
Prince of Novgorod: 1292 - 1304
A new aggravation of the struggle between the Horde and Nogai added fuel to the fire of inter-princely strife in Rus'. Just like 10 years ago, Andrei Gorodetsky is the first to take the initiative. Events of 1293-1294 went down in history under the name “Duden’s Army.” Its significance for the destinies of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' is evidenced by the riveted attention of chroniclers to it. A comparison of different chronicles restores all these events in the following sequence.
In 1293, Andrei and other princes went to the Horde to complain about Grand Duke Dmitry and returned with the brother of the Golden Horde Khan himself, Duden, and a multitude of Tatar army. “That same summer all the princes went to the Horde.
That same summer, the princes came from the Horde, and with them Tsar Duden. The great army will come against Grand Duke Dmitry. The prince flee to Pskov. Tatarov took Vladimir and Pereyaslavl. Volok, Moscow and a total of 14 cities and created a lot of evil in the Russian land. Andrey is going to Novgorod. The Tatars went home,” says the Suzdal Chronicle. The Moscow Chronicle Code of the late 15th century adds that the Tatars were planning to march on Tver. The residents of Tver and the refugees who found themselves in the city decided to fight to the death. Moreover, they were inspired by the return of Prince Mikhail from the Horde. Having learned about the arrival of Mikhail Tverskoy and receiving gifts from Novgorod, the Tatars turned back and “did a lot of evil.”
Andrei Gorodetsky lands in Novgorod, and his ally, Prince Fyodor Cherny of Yaroslavl, lands in Pereyaslavl. Until all of Andrei’s victories decided the main thing - which of Alexander Nevsky’s children would occupy the empty Vladimir table. Dmitry was by no means going to give up, especially since he was hoping for help from Mikhail Tverskoy. And the Horde, obviously, was not interested in the sharp strengthening of Andrei. Andrei tried to intercept Dmitry, who was traveling from Pskov to Tver, from Torzhok, but instead negotiations were forced on Andrei in Torzhok. “Dmitry came from Pskov to Tver. And Andrey from Novgorod to Torzhok, and they made peace.”
As a result of the negotiations, Pereyaslavl was returned to Dmitry (Fyodor Cherny, leaving Pereyaslavl, burned it in revenge). It is difficult to say how the confrontation between Andrei and Dmitry would have ended if not for the imminent death of the Grand Duke in Volok. “That same summer (1294) Dmitry Alexandrovich took monastic vows and became a schema on Volots and; He immediately reposed and carried his body to Pereyaslavl and was laid in the Church of the Holy Savior.”
Andrei becomes the great Prince of Vladimir, as a sign of peace he becomes related to Mikhail Tverskoy and goes to the Horde with his young wife, Princess Vasilisa of Rostov. The victory of Andrei Gorodetsky cost Rus' dearly. The picture of terrible devastation is painted by the chroniclers: “You robbed churches, and tore out the bottom of the wonderful copper, and books, and icons, and honorable crosses and sacred vessels, and plundered all kinds of ornaments, and villages, and volosts, and churchyards, and monasteries.” The Laurentian Chronicle reports that even those who fled into the forests could not escape from the mob: “the Tatars... did evil and people came out of the forests and went back to Pereyaslavl.” All chronicles, even those about the events of 1281-1285, say that from the arrival of Duden “Rus' became a lot of evil”, “creating the whole earth empty.” spoke little or nothing at all.
Grand Duke of Vladimir: 1294 - 1304.
Andrei's reign in Vladimir did not mean the end of civil strife. Strong opposition remained in the person of Ivan Dmitrievich Pereyaslavsky, Mikhail Tverskoy and Daniil Moskovsky, and the Horde clearly did not want to help Andrei. After the victory over Nogai, the khans could again resort to the policy of “divide and rule”, without fear of losing control over each of the Russian princes. The weakness of the Horde at this time did not allow them to carry out punitive campaigns into the depths of Rus', but even through diplomatic means the Horde did not allow Andrei to defeat the opposition. Formally remaining on the side of the Grand Duke, the Horde places its main bet on the weakest member of the opposition - the Moscow Prince Daniil Alexandrovich. She sees in it a means of curbing both the ambitions of Andrei Gorodetsky and the growing Tver. The deft maneuvering of the Horde between the three princes leads to the fact that the princely congresses that took place in 1296, 1300, 1303 did not give Andrei the desired advantage over the opposition. Andrey's influence begins to decline.
In 1300, the center of the Russian metropolitanate was moved to Vladimir.
Strife of Russian princes in the Golden Horde over the label for the great reign.
After the death of the childless Pereyaslavl Prince Ivan Dmitrievich, his inheritance should have passed, according to all the rules, into the Grand Duke's Vladimir inheritance. Andrei leaves his own governors in Pereyaslavl and goes to the Horde. The Moscow prince illegally seized the city and even after returning to Rus', at the princely congress in 1303, Andrei still did not achieve the return of Pereyaslavl.
According to historian N.M. Karamzin, in a series of civil strife and mutual strife that filled the great reign of Andrya, the victorious campaign led by the Gorodets prince in the spring of 1301 to liberate the banks of the Neva from the Swedish knights “remained the only praiseworthy deed in the chronicles.” The capture and destruction of the Swedish fortress of Landskrona by Russian troops was an important event not only for Novgorod, but for all of Rus'.
Thus ended the ten-year great reign of Andrei Alexandrovich Gorodetsky. Shortly before his death, he lost his only son and heir, Boris. Two years later, Andrei Alexandrovich himself died.
Having bequeathed the Vladimir table to the closest of the princes, Mikhail Tverskoy, Andrei Alexandrovich died in 1304. Andrei died without asserting his rights to Pereyaslavl.
The body of the late Andrei Gorodetsky was buried not in the capital Vladimir, but in his homeland - in Gorodets in the Church of St. Michael the Archangel.
Left without a prince, the Gorodets inheritance ceased to exist for a long time. The death of Andrei ended not only the life of one of the great Vladimir princes, but also an entire period in the history of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus'.
On the one hand, Andrei Gorodetsky’s ambitious desire to become the great prince of Vladimir and the unleashing of strife for this purpose do not distinguish him in any way from many princes of that time. Artyom Erantsev. The struggle of Prince Andrei Gorodetsky for power in Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' at the end. XIII - beginning XIV centuries
However, in specific circumstances, con. XIII - beginning XIV centuries Andrei's struggle for grand-ducal power became an integral part of the process of decline of the old political centers of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' and the emergence of new ones that began under the conditions of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.
Under Andrei Gorodetsky, this process took shape politically. With his many years of struggle, Andrei destroyed the centuries-old political ties and traditions of Vladimir Rus', clearing the way for the political processes of the 14th century, when Tver and Moscow, and then Nizhny Novgorod, began to play the leading role.
Andrei Alexandrovich, Prince Gorodetsky, son Alexander Nevsky. Reigned from 1294 to 1304. He fought for the great reign with his brother Dmitry and, turning to the khan for a solution to his disputes, brought the Tatars, who devastated the Russian land.
Andrei Alexandrovich (d. 1304) - Prince of Gorodets (from 1263) and Kostroma (from 1276); 3rd son of Prince Alexander Nevsky. From 1281 he waged a stubborn struggle for the great reign against the prince's brother Dmitry Alexandrovich. In 1293 he brought from Golden Horde against Dmitry a large army, which devastated all of North-Eastern Rus', after which he became the Grand Duke.
Soviet historical encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 1. AALTONEN – AYANY. 1961.
Andrei Alexandrovich, Andrei Gorodetsky (c. 1255-1304) - Grand Duke of Vladimir (128-1283, 1294-1304). Third son of Alexander Nevsky. He received the label for the great reign from Khan Mengu-Timur. As he writes Gumilyov: “Alexander Nevsky had several sons, but all of them were far from their great father... Andrei supported the khans of the Golden Horde... Prince Andrei, with the help of Khan Tokhta, defeated his brother Dmitry” (“From Rus' to Russia”, 134) .
Quoted from: Lev Gumilyov. Encyclopedia. / Ch. ed. E.B. Sadykov, comp. T.K. Shanbai, - M., 2013, p. 47.
Andrey III Aleksaendrovich (knee 12).
From the family Vladimir-Suzdal led book Son Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky and Polotsk prince. Alexandra Bryachislavna. Book Gorodetsky in 1264 - 1304. Book Kostroma in 1276 - 1293, 1296 - 1304. Vel. book Vladimirsky in 1281 - 1284, 1292 - 1304. Book Novgorod in 1281 - 1285,1292 - 1304.
Wife: since 1294, daughter of Prince. Rostovsky Dmitry Borisovich, Prince. Vasilisa.
In 1281, taking advantage of the strife between his older brother Dmitry Alexandrovich and the Novgorodians, Andrei decided to oppose his brother. He hurried to the Horde and, for rich gifts, received from Khan Mengu-Timur a label for the great reign and the Tatar army. Dmitry, without waiting for the invasion, fled overseas, and the Tatars who came with Andrei devastated all the lands near Murom, Vladimir, Yuryev, Suzdal, Pereyaslavl, Rostov and Tver all the way to Torzhok and further to Novgorod. Andrei sat down in Vladimir, treated him to a rich feast and presented gifts to the princes of the Horde, sent them home and went to Novgorod, where he was honorably seated on the table. But soon news came to him that Dmitry had returned from overseas, settled down in his Pereyaslavl and was strengthening himself there, collecting regiments. Andrei immediately left Novgorod for Vladimir, from there to Gorodets, and from Gorodets he went to the Horde to complain to Khan Tudoi-Meng that Dmitry did not want to obey the Tatars and pay them tribute. In 1284 he returned again with the Tatar regiments. Dmitry fled to the shores of the Black Sea, to Khan Nagoya, who was hostile to the Golden Horde. Nogai gave Dmitry his regiments. Andrei was forced to give in and returned Vladimir to his brother, but did not give up hope of victory. In the same year, he began to communicate with the Novgorodians, but when the war began and Dmitry began to gain the upper hand, Andrei, in order to ward off trouble, gave in a second time and was even forced, as Dmitry’s ally, to devastate the Novgorod volosts. After this, Andrei turned to the Tatars and brought some prince from the Horde against Dmitry. However, when the Tatars scattered for plunder, Dmitry suddenly attacked them, and Andrei, having suffered defeat, had to concede once again. In 1292, having united with the princes of Rostov, Uglitsky, Belozersk and Yaroslavl, Andrei again went to complain to the Horde. Khan Tokhta listened to the complaints of the princes and sent a large army with them. Dmitry did not have time to offer any resistance and fled to Pskov. The Tatars took Vladimir, plundered the Assumption Cathedral, then took 14 other cities and devastated the entire land.
After the Tatars left, Andrei again received Vladimir and Novgorod. Soon Dmitry died. From the very beginning of his great reign, Andrei had to be at enmity with Tver, Moscow and Pereyaslavl. In 1296, things almost came to war, but there was no bloodshed.
In 1300, Andrei and the Suzdal and Novgorod regiments went to the Swedish fortress of Landskrone, built by the Swedes on the banks of the Neva. The city was taken, destroyed, the garrison was partly exterminated, and partly taken captive.
In 1302, Ivan Dmitrievich Pereyaslavsky died. He bequeathed his principality to Daniil of Moscow. Andrei did not want to allow Daniil to use his nephew’s will and immediately after Ivan’s death he sent his governors to Pereyaslavl. Daniel drove them out and planted his own. Andrei went to the Horde to complain to the khan. In the meantime, Daniel died, and his son Yuri of Moscow captured Pereyaslavl. When Andrei returned from the Horde with a label for the Pereyaslav reign, Yuri did not yield to him.
Andrei died without asserting his rights to Pereyaslavl. He was buried in Gorodets, in the church of St. Mikhail.
All the monarchs of the world. Russia. 600 short biographies. Konstantin Ryzhov. Moscow, 1999.
ANDREY ALEXANDROVICH - appanage prince of Gorodets and Kostroma, and from 1294 - Grand Duke of Vladimir, 3rd son of Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky from his marriage to Princess Alexandra Bryachislavna of Polotsk. Genus. in the 60s XIII century In 1277 he took part in the campaigns of the Tatars against the Caucasian Yas. In 1281, incited by his boyar Semyon Tonilyevich, he began the struggle for the great reign with his brother Dmitry Alexandrovich. Having gone to the Horde, he received from Khan Mengu-Temir a label for the grand-ducal throne and returned to Rus' with the Tatar cavalry: and bring with you the Tatar army, Kavady and Alchedai, and come with them to Murom, ... and go with them as an army to Pereslavl . And the Tatars were scattered throughout all the lands, Murom was devastated, near Volodymer, near Suzdal, near Yuryev, near Pereslavl, they were devastated and plundered, and full of men and wives and children, and the great prince fled from Pereslavl in a small squad, and devastated Tatarov. cities and volosts, villages and graveyards, monasteries and churches were plundered, icons and crosses and sacred vessels and shrouds and books and all kinds of ornaments were plundered; the same thing near Rostov and near Torzhek, and near Tferi they created a wasteland along Torzhek itself, killing many people, and they were dying from the scum. Still, Prince Andrei did such evil with his Semyon Tonglievich, seeking the great princedom, and not by seniority. Andrei, having arranged a rich feast for the Tatar Murzas in Vladimir, sent them home with rich gifts, and he himself went to Novgorod the Great “and sat on the table.” In 1282 A.A. again approached the rebuilt Pereyaslavl. But it didn’t come to the point of storming Dmitry’s capital - after 5 days of negotiations, the brothers made peace. In the winter of 1283/84. A.A., together with Dmitry and other princes, went to Novgorod along with the Tatars; they destroyed many cities and villages of the Novgorod land. After the execution, on the orders of Dmitry, boyar Semyon Tonilyevich, the inspirer of the struggle of A.A., the latter, in 1285, with the help of a Tatar detachment, again tried to seize the Vladimir throne, but was defeated: “Prince Andrei Alexandrovich, bring the prince from the Horde, and do a lot of evil Christians, but his brother, the Grand Duke Dmitry, got together with the prince’s brother, drove him away, and removed the boyars of the princes Andreevs.” In 1287 he went with Dmitry to Tver. The city of Kashin, located in the eastern part of the principality, was subjected to a 9-day siege, and neighboring Ksnyatyn was burned. In 1293, for the 4th time, he brought the Tatars into the Russian lands, who, led by Tsarevich Duden, “inflicted a lot of dirty tricks on Christians and killed many cities, Volodymer, Suzhdal, Murom, Yuryev, Pereslavl, Kolomna, Moscow, Mozhaesk, Volok, Dmitrov , A coal field, and taking all the cities 14 and making the whole land empty. And the great prince Dmitry Alexandrovich fled to Pskov. Tatarov, having captured the condemned cities, wanted to go to Tfer. ... And I didn’t go to Tferi, but took Volok on my way. Duden returned from Volok, having done a lot of evil to the Christians... And Prince Andrei Alexandrovich went to Novgorod the Great and sat on the table during cheese week.” Dmitry was forced to renounce his great reign. Andrei occupied the great table for 10 years, living mostly in Gorodets-Volzhsky. In 1294 he married the daughter of the Rostov prince Dmitry Borisovich Vasilisa. Until his death, A.A. tried to subjugate his younger brother Daniil Alexandrovich, who reigned in Moscow, as well as his nephew, Prince Ivan Dmitrievich of Pereyaslavl, and his main opponent, Grand Duke of Tver Mikhail Yaroslavich. He died on July 27, 1304 “and was laid to rest in Gorodets.” The reign of Vladimir passed after him to Mikhail Yaroslavich. He had three sons, Boris, Mikhail and Yuri, who died during his father’s lifetime.
Read further:
Rurikovich (biographical reference book).
From the family of the Vladimir-Suzdal Grand Dukes.
The third son of the Polotsk princess Alexandra Bryachislavna.
Prince Gorodetsky in 1264 - 1304.
Prince of Kostroma in 1276 - 1293, 1296 - 1304.
Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1281 - 1284, 1292 - 1304.
Prince of Novgorod in 1281 - 1285,1292 - 1304.
In 1277, Andrei took part in the campaigns of the Tatars
on Caucasian jars.
Andrey Alexandrovich Twice he arbitrarily occupied the grand-ducal table, bringing Tatar hordes into Rus' and expelling the heir to the throne, Dmitry of Pereyaslavl: in 1281-1282. with the help of the troops of Khan Tuda-Mengu and in 1293, inviting Dudenev’s army. The chronicler wrote that Prince Gorodetsky with the Tatar troops “inflicted a lot of dirty tricks on Christians and killed many cities, Volodymer, Suzhdal, Murom, Yuryev, Pereslavl, Kolomna, Moscow, Mozhaisk, Volok, Dmitrov, Uglecho Pole, and took all 14 cities and all the land it's empty. And the great prince Dmitry Alexandrovich fled to Pskov. Tatarov, having captured the condemned cities, wanted to go to Tfer. ... And I didn’t go to Tferi, but walked and took Volok. Duden returned from Volok and did a lot of evil to the Christians... And Prince Andrei Alexandrovich went to Novgorod the Great and sat on the table during cheese week.”
During the reign of Gorodetsky, the process of active disintegration of Rus' into separate appanage principalities continued. Moscow, Tver, and Pereyaslavl occupied increasing political influence. In 1302, the territory of the Moscow Principality was significantly expanded due to the annexation of the Pereyaslav Principality, bequeathed to the Prince of Moscow Daniil by the Prince of Pereyaslav himself, Ivan Dmitrievich.
Military campaigns of Andrei Gorodetsky
In 1287, Alexander went with Dmitry to Tver. The city of Kashin, which was located in the eastern part of the principality, was subject to a 9-day siege, and the neighboring city of Ksnyatyn was burned.
In 1300, Andrei Alexandrovich with the Novgorod and Suzdal regiments 
went to the Swedish fortress Landskrone, built by the Swedes on the banks of the Neva River. The city was taken, destroyed, the garrison was exterminated, many people were taken prisoner.
In 1302, Ivan Dmitrievich Pereyaslavsky died, who bequeathed his principality to Daniil of Moscow. Andrei Alexandrovich immediately after the death of Ivan Dmitrievich sent his governors to Pereyaslavl. Daniil of Moscow kicked them out and imprisoned his own. Andrei went with a complaint to the khan in the Horde. Daniil of Moscow, meanwhile, died, and his son Yuri of Moscow captured Pereyaslavl. When Gorodetsky returned with a label to the Pereyaslav reign and convened a princely congress in 1303, Yuri still did not yield to him. Other appanage princes - Smolensk and Ryazan - did not take part in this congress, because the invasion of the Tatars, on a tip from Gorodetsky, destroyed the last ties between them.
Until his death, Andrei Alexandrovich tried to subjugate his younger brother Daniil Alexandrovich, who reigned in Moscow, as well as his nephew, Prince Ivan Dmitrievich of Pereyaslavl, and his main enemy, Mikhail Yaroslavich, Grand Duke of Tver.
Hatred of contemporaries towards Prince Andrei Gorodetsky
Andrei Alexandrovich Gorodetsky died on July 27, 1304, without having confirmed his rights to Pereyaslavl. He was buried in Gorodets, in the Church of St. Michael.
The reign of Vladimir passed after Andrei Alexandrovich to Mikhail Yaroslavich. He had 3 sons: Boris, Mikhail and Yuri, who died during his father’s lifetime.
Andrei Alexandrovich earned the hatred of his contemporaries and the contempt of his descendants for the constant raids of the Mongol-Tatars with his complicity and participation. He was a very envious, selfish man, he took cities and destroyed Christians at the hands of the Tatars, shed a lot of innocent blood. None of the princes of the Monomakh family did as much evil to their native land as this unworthy son of the great Alexander Nevsky. During the reign of Andrei Alexandrovich (1299), Metropolitan Maxim left the city of Kyiv forever and moved to Vladimir, so as not to see the intolerable tyranny of the Tatar-Mongols.
Andrei Alexandrovich was married in 1294 to the daughter of Prince Dmitry Borisovich of Rostov, Princess Vasilisa.
Andrei Alexandrovich, son of Alexander Nevsky
Son of Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky, Prince of Gorodets and twice Grand Duke of Vladimir (from 1281 to 1283 and from 1294 to his death), d. in 1304. After the death of the Prince of Kostroma and the Grand Duke of Vladimir Vasily Yaroslavich (little one, † 1276), Andrei, in addition to Gorodets, also received Kostroma. His socio-political activity began in 1277: from then until 1279, he was, together with other princes of the Suzdal land, in the campaign of Khan Mangu-Timur in the Caucasus against the Yases (the ancestors of the present Ossetians). Soon after this campaign (in 1281), prompted by his favorite, boyar Semyon Toniglievich, Andrei went to the horde, complained there about his brother, Grand Duke Dimitri, got himself a label for the great reign and, finally, the Tatar army against his brother. Having approached Murom with the Tatars, Andrei began to call all the appanage princes here. Always for the most part dissatisfied with the existing Grand Duke, the appanage rulers immediately came to Andrei, who had a label for the great reign and the Tatar army. The united forces moved towards Demetrius to Pereyaslavl, but the Grand Duke fled. Pereyaslavl was captured on December 19th. The Tatars indiscriminately plundered and burned other cities, such as Tver, Yuryev, Rostov, etc. Having luxuriously treated the Tatars in Vladimir and sent them home, Andrei went to Novgorod, where he was received with honor. But having heard that Dimitri, having returned from across the sea, was strengthening Pereyaslavl and gathering troops, Andrei (1282), taking with him many Novgorodians and two posadniks, Semyon Mikhailovich and Yakov Dimitrievich, hastily set off for Vladimir, and from here through Gorodets with Semyon Toniglievich - again into the horde; He sent the Novgorodians to protect Torzhok and Novgorod. In the horde, Andrei again begged the khan for a Tatar army against his brother, who this time fled to Khan Nogai, who was roaming the steppes of what is now Novorossiya. Not long ago, only the Golden Horde military leader, Khan Nogai, was flattered by Dimitri’s appeal to him, to whom he gave the Grand Duke’s label. Having arrived in the Suzdal land, Dimitri reconciled with his brother. Soon afterwards, he ordered the secret killing of Semyon Toniglievich, as the culprit of the unrest. This forced Andrei to unite with the Novgorodians against his brother: in Torzhok, Andrei and the Novgorodians kissed the cross to each other in order to stand “for one.” However, power was on Demetrius’s side, and in 1284, willy-nilly, Andrei took part in his elder brother’s campaign against his Novgorod allies. In his heart, however, Andrei still harbored anger against his brother: in 1285 he brought some prince from the horde against him, whom, however, Dimitri drove away, and Andreev's boyars intercepted. Andrei, albeit feignedly, resigned himself, and in 1289 he even participated in his brother’s campaign against Tver, but four years later, together with some other appanage princes, he again complained about his brother to Khan Tokhte, who sent his brother with him to Rus' Dudenya with the Tatar army. The Tatars plundered and devastated many cities this time: “the whole earth, according to the chronicler’s expression, was created empty.” The Grand Duke fled to Pskov even before the arrival of the Tatars. The Tatars went to Tver, but, it seems, because many people from the surrounding area fled to this city and that the Tver prince returning from the horde was approaching the city, they turned to Novgorod. The Novgorodians warded off the disaster of Tatar devastation with gifts, and they invited Andrei to reign as their ruler. After the Tatars left, Andrei arrived in Novgorod. From here his governors, together with the Novgorodians, made an unsuccessful trip to the border of Karelia to the new Swedish town (Vyborg). Meanwhile, Dimitri decided to move from Pskov to Tver. Andrei did not succeed, as he wanted, in intercepting him in Torzhok; however, he captured his carts with his belongings. Soon, through the mediation of the Seversky prince, the brothers were reconciled, and in peace Andrei was to take the great reign, and Dimitri - his fatherland, Pereyaslavl, which, after the last departure of the Tatars, Andrei gave to his main associate Fyodor of Yaroslavl. But on the way to Pereyaslavl (which Fyodor Rostislavich burned when leaving it), Dimitri died, and Andrei already became the undisputed owner of the grand-ducal table. All this happened in 1294. In the same year, Andrei married the daughter of the deceased Prince of Rostov Dimitri Borisovich, Vasilisa, and the next year, together with his young wife, he went to the horde to notify the khan about the death of his brother and his occupation of the grand-ducal table. Now the princes were divided into two camps: on Andrei’s side stood Fyodor of Yaroslavl and Konstantin Borisovich of Rostov, and on the opposite side were Mikhail of Tver, Daniil of Moscow and Ivan Dimitrievich of Pereyaslavl. An internecine war almost broke out between the princes. In 1296, they gathered to resolve disputes in Vladimir, where the Khan’s ambassador also arrived. The face of Ivan Pereyaslavsky, who was then in the horde, was represented by his boyars. The debate was so heated that the princes took up arms, and only thanks to the admonitions of the Vladimir Bishop Simeon and Ishmael of Sarah, no blood was shed. However, one way or another, the princes settled their affairs and left. Andrei, however, was not satisfied with the resolution of matters at the congress and in the same year went to Pereyaslavl. But Daniil of Moscow and Mikhail of Tver, to whom, during his absence, Ivan Dimitrievich entrusted to guard his fatherland, opposed Andrei and reconciled with him near Yuryev. From 1299, the Germans began to harass Pskov and threaten Novgorod. The brave Dovmont successfully defended Pskov: he beat and captured the Livonians; He even sent several of them to Andrei in Vladimir. In 1300, the Swedes established the city of Landskrona at the mouth of the Okhta. Andrei could not provide aid to the Novgorodians in time, probably because inter-princely discord was still taking place in the Suzdal land. In 1301, Andrei, Mikhail of Tver, Daniil of Moscow and Ivan of Pereyaslavl came together with Dmitrov and generally made peace with each other - and only Ivan of Pereyaslavl and Mikhail of Tver for some reason did not settle with each other. In the same year, Andrei and the Novgorodians destroyed Landskrona and killed the Germans there. In 1302, Ivan of Pereyaslavl died, refusing his inheritance to Daniil of Moscow, who kicked out Andreev's governors who had managed to sit there and planted his own. Daniel also died in 1303. His son Yuri was then sitting in Pereyaslavl, whom the Pereyaslavl people did not even want to let go “for his father’s burial,” fearing that the city would be captured by Andrei. At the congress that took place soon in Pereyaslavl, the princes reconciled, but Yuri did not want to hear about the concession of Pereyaslavl to Andrey. After this congress, Andrei left for Gorodets, where the following year, 1304, he died in the schema and was buried in the church of St. Mikhail.
"P.S.R.L." I, III, IV, V, VII, X; Tatishchev, IV; Karamzin (ed. Einerling) IV, ch. 5 and 6; Shcherbatov, III, 158-235; Ilovaisky "History of Russia", vol. I, part 2, chapter XXI.
(Polovtsov)
. 2009 .
See what “Andrei Alexandrovich, son of Alexander Nevsky” is in other dictionaries:
Andrei Alexandrovich, see the article Andrei (name of appanage princes) ... Biographical Dictionary
This term has other meanings, see Andrei Alexandrovich (Prince of Rostov). Andrei Alexandrovich Prince Gorodetsky 1264 ... Wikipedia
Son of Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky, Prince of Gorodets, and from 1276 of Kostroma, later Grand Duke, † in 1304. In 1277 he took part in the Tatar campaign against the Caucasian Yasses. In 1281, prompted by his boyar Semyon Tonilievich, he decided... ... Large biographical encyclopedia
Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron
The son of Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky, Prince of Gorodets, and from 1276 of Kostroma, later Grand Duke, died in 1304. In 1277 he participated in the Tatar campaign against the Caucasian Yas. In 1281, prompted by his boyar Semyon Tonilievich, he decided... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron
- (d. 1304) Prince of Gorodets (from 1263) and Kostroma (from 1276); 3rd son of Prince. Alexander Nevsky. Since 1281 he waged a stubborn struggle for leadership. reign against the prince's brother. Dmitry Alexandrovich. In 1293 he brought a large army from the Golden Horde against Dmitry,... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
- (before 1261 1304), Grand Duke of Vladimir (1281 1283 and from 1293), Prince of Gorodets; son of Prince Alexander Nevsky. He held the Grand Duke's table in the fight against Tver, Moscow and others... encyclopedic Dictionary
Andrey Yaroslavich, portrait from the 18th century... Wikipedia
Andrey, the name of appanage princes. 1) A. Vladimirovich, nicknamed Good (1102 41), the youngest son of the Grand Duke of Kyiv Vladimir Monomakh. In 1117, his father married a Polovtsian princess, the granddaughter of Tugorkhan, and in 1119 he planted him in Vladimir... ... Biographical Dictionary