Secondary vocational education: vocational school, college, technical school. Specialized secondary education by correspondence and its advantages What does SP mean in education

1. Secondary vocational education is aimed at solving the problems of the intellectual, cultural and professional development of a person and has the goal of training qualified workers or employees and middle-level specialists in all the main areas of socially useful activity in accordance with the needs of society and the state, as well as meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education.

2. Persons with an education not lower than basic general or secondary general education are allowed to master educational programs of secondary vocational education, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

3. Obtaining secondary vocational education on the basis of basic general education is carried out with the simultaneous obtaining of secondary general education within the framework of the corresponding educational program of secondary vocational education. In this case, the educational program of secondary vocational education, implemented on the basis of basic general education, is developed on the basis of the requirements of the corresponding federal state educational standards of secondary general and secondary vocational education, taking into account the profession or specialty of secondary vocational education.

4. Admission to training in educational programs of secondary vocational education at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets is publicly available, unless otherwise provided by this part. When admitting to study on educational programs of secondary vocational education in professions and specialties requiring applicants to have certain creative abilities, physical and (or) psychological qualities, entrance examinations are conducted in the manner established in accordance with this Federal Law. In the event that the number of applicants exceeds the number of places, the financial support of which is carried out at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets, the educational organization, in accordance with the admission procedure established in accordance with Part 8 of Article 55 of this Federal Law, takes into account the results of the mastering by the applicants of the educational program of basic general or secondary general education, indicated in the submitted documents on education and (or) documents on education and qualifications, the results of individual achievements, information about which the applicant has the right to submit during admission, as well as the existence of an agreement on targeted education with the organizations specified in Part 1 of Article 71.1 of this Federal Law.

(see text in previous edition)

5. Receiving secondary vocational education under the programs of training middle-level specialists for the first time by persons who have a diploma of secondary vocational education with the qualification of a qualified worker or employee is not a second or subsequent secondary vocational education repeated.

6. Students on educational programs of secondary vocational education who do not have secondary general education have the right to pass the state final certification, which completes the development of educational programs of secondary general education and upon successful completion of which they are issued a certificate of secondary general education. These students pass the final state certification free of charge.

The structure of secondary vocational education today plays a major role in the issue of training highly qualified workers.

The need for practitioners is growing every day. At the same time, with the development of the economy and production, the requirements for their professionalism and qualifications are regularly increasing.

The shortage of personnel increases interest in specialists in secondary vocational education. Positions that were previously considered not prestigious are now more and more in demand in the labor market. The issue of personnel training in these areas is becoming topical. In this regard, specialized educational institutions that train middle-level personnel (secondary specialized educational institutions) continue to occupy a firm place in the Russian education system.

State institutions of secondary vocational education today carry out training in 280 different specialties. With the development and modification of production, this list is regularly growing and replenished.

Types of colleges

Secondary vocational education can be implemented at two stages. There are initial and advanced levels.

Today in the Russian Federation there are two types of educational institutions that train specialists in the field of vocational education of the second stage:

technical school - the main type where students have the opportunity to get secondary vocational basic education;
college - an institution of an advanced level, where teaching in advanced programs is conducted (it can be a subordinate unit of a university or an institute, or an independent structure).

Primary vocational education, in turn, can be obtained in lyceums and vocational schools (vocational schools). These educational institutions have a different educational base.

A vocational lyceum differs from a college in a higher level of students' training.

Upon graduation from an educational institution with in-depth teaching, the graduate is awarded the qualification "specialist", students of lyceums and schools - the "entry-level specialist".

Entry-level vocational secondary education

Secondary vocational institutions in the field of initial training include specialized lyceums and schools.

The number of institutions with basic education in our country is about 4 thousand today. More than 1.5 million teenagers attend them.

Citizens who have received a vocational primary education have the right to continue their educational careers in higher-level colleges on reduced programs.

Also, if necessary, students can receive a certificate of general secondary education. To do this, you must pass a state exam, on the basis of which the corresponding document is issued.

Graduates who have received secondary vocational education at the initial level have the right to continue their educational career in technical schools, colleges, as well as in higher educational institutions.

Advanced secondary vocational education

Those wishing to receive an advanced secondary education should choose for admission not a lyceum, not a vocational school, but a college or technical school.

In Russia, there are more than 2.5 thousand colleges with in-depth study, which are attended by about 2.3 million students.

Secondary specialized educational institutions receive an increased level due to the introduction of additional programs into educational norms:

professional practice;
in-depth study of individual subjects and disciplines;
obtaining an additional specialty in parallel with the main one.

Education in higher-level colleges is as close as possible to the university one. Students here have more classroom hours than in primary education institutions, take exams and tests, write term papers and theses.

For example, students who have chosen a construction college, on a par with university graduates of the same direction, need to pass and defend qualification diploma projects related to a specialized topic. The only difference is in the lower requirements for college students. Therefore, secondary educational institutions of an increased level may well be considered the lowest stage of higher professional education.

Often, colleges are a structural subdivision of the university and are under the authority of this educational institution. Students planning to continue their studies in institutions of higher professional education should pay attention to this fact. Having a diploma from such a college, graduates have the right to receive specialized education at the university under reduced programs. This is a great advantage, as it makes it possible to shorten the period of study at the university, as well as to combine work and study.

Conditions of admission

Persons who have received basic general or secondary general education can enroll in colleges. This item is one of the basic requirements.

Applicants to primary vocational education institutions are exempted from the mandatory entrance examinations. For enrollment, you must submit the following documents:

original document on school education (grades 9 or 11);
4 photographs (3 x 4);
medical certificate;
copies of passport and birth certificate;
application addressed to the director for admission.

In some cases, upon admission to certain specialties of secondary vocational education, if necessary, at the discretion of the educational institution, an interview with the candidate is conducted. The applicant may be asked to pass written and to the level of knowledge in school subjects. Similar requirements may be imposed even if the number of those wishing to study in this specialty exceeds the number of budget places. In such a situation, the competition is carried out on the basis of the average score of the certificate and the results of the passed tests.

Admission to institutions of secondary vocational education of an increased level is carried out on a competitive basis on the basis of entrance examinations.

One of the main requirements for a college is a license. Therefore, before submitting documents to both a state and a commercial institution, you should make sure that the institution has an appropriate document with a current validity period.

Students in need of living space for the period of study are provided with a hostel.

Out of competition, the following categories of citizens are enrolled in the secondary school:

orphans and children left without parental care;
disabled children;
persons of other categories, the preferential admission of which is provided by the state.

With the development of modern information technologies, the process of submitting documents to secondary vocational educational institutions is being modified and simplified. Many establishments are actively using Internet technology to receive applications. The questionnaire forms are posted on the official website of the educational institution.

This method is convenient for both the applicant and the members of the selection committee. In order to apply, you must fill out a form on the website of the educational institution. The decision to participate in the competition is made remotely. The applicant submits the originals of the documents after receiving a positive decision. Until that moment, his personal presence is optional.

Forms and duration of training

Secondary vocational education can be obtained in the following forms of study:

full-time;
part-time (evening);
correspondence.

The term for obtaining primary vocational education is from two to three years on the basis of nine grades and from one to two years after eleven grades. The timing directly depends on the educational institution and the chosen specialty.

The duration of receiving secondary advanced vocational education is also determined by the level of training of students. For those who entered after nine grades, it is from three to four years. On the basis of eleven grades - from two to three years.

Deadlines for submission of documents

Educational institutions have the right to set their own terms for the beginning of the acceptance of documents. Usually, the commission starts working in June, after the end of the final exams (but no later than the 20th), and accepts applications until the end of August (but no later than the 26th).

It should be borne in mind that the deadlines for submission to full-time and part-time, budgetary and contractual forms of education may differ.

Educational standards

As a rule, vocational education standards are divided into two parts. The first is a federal program approved by the Ministry of Education. This document is subject to change every year. All institutions in the sphere of secondary vocational education must comply with the general standards and requirements adopted in relation to colleges.

The second is a program approved at the regional level. Therefore, persons studying in educational institutions of the same type can study different subjects and have a different number of classroom hours.

Advanced secondary vocational education programs allow for the acquisition of additional specialties on a budgetary or paid basis.

Upon completion of training, students are required to pass. After successful delivery, graduates are assigned a qualification. In case of a negative result, the student receives a certificate of completion of the course at this institution, indicating the period and number of classroom hours.

Persons who have not passed the final certification have the right to pass it the next year.

Financing

Students receiving secondary vocational education have the right to study at an educational institution free of charge.

Graduates of institutions who receive an entry-level diploma and choose to pursue their educational careers in colleges or technical schools can also apply for government funding.

Getting a second education in a secondary school of the same level is only paid.

In addition, lyceums and vocational schools in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other Russian cities offer the possibility of contract training on a commercial basis.

Students studying on a budget receive a scholarship in the prescribed manner.

Specialties of secondary vocational education

For those who have decided to get a humanitarian or technical education, specialties, the list of which is approved for educational institutions by the Ministry of Education, make it possible to master a worthy profession.

Secondary vocational educational institutions train personnel in the following industries:

agriculture and fisheries;
medicine and healthcare;
fuel and energy sector;
production of food, beverages and tobacco products;
manufacture of textiles;
manufacture of leather goods and footwear;
woodworking;
pulp and paper production;
publishing and printing production, production of printed products;
production of petroleum products, gas and nuclear industries;
chemical production;
production of electrical and optical equipment;
machine production;
manufacture of rubber and plastic products;
metallurgy;
transport production;
furniture manufacturing;
jewelry;
production of musical instruments;
production of sporting goods;
processing of recyclable materials;
other production;
hotel and restaurant service;
trade (wholesale and retail);
logistics;
building;
educational and pedagogical activities;
medicine and healthcare;
financial activities;
Social sciencies;
the property;
natural Sciences;
humanitarian sciences;
Culture and art;
economics and Management;
Information Security;
service;
land management and geodesy;
geology and minerals;
aviation and rocket and space technology;
marine engineering;
radio engineering;
automation and control;
informatics and computer technology;
timber processing;
environmental protection and life safety.

The specialization of educational institutions is often associated with regional characteristics, the specifics of the economy and production in a particular region. In order to train qualified personnel, vocational guidance of educational institutions is carried out.

Vocational school, technical school or college - which one to give preference to?

The choice of educational institution directly depends on your plans.

If after graduating from an educational institution you want to become a university student, a college with training in this specialty is most suitable (for example, for subsequent admission to a construction university, you should choose a construction college; in order to further master the profession of a doctor, a medical college, and so on).

You will receive a highly qualified working profession in a specialized technical school.

In higher-level colleges, they are also engaged in the preparation of intellectual labor of the middle category - accountants, teachers of primary and secondary grades, auditors, as well as specialists in many other areas.

If you want to get a specialty in a short time, the secondary vocational education of the initial stage is the best choice.

Open source software and NGOs

More about secondary schools

on state - GOU SPO;

Recently, students of technical schools have been granted a respite from the army. The educational process in technical schools takes place in a format close to the school one.

Vocational school. The schools usually run NGO programs. They enter the school on the basis of 11 or 9 grades of a comprehensive school. Training at the school lasts from 6 to 36 months. The term depends on the specialty that the student receives. As part of the educational reform, vocational schools are massively reorganized into VPU, VL and PU (lyceums and types of schools). The renaming of institutions does not have a significant impact on the quality of education and the learning process.

On forums dedicated to studies, one can often come across the question: What is secondary vocational education? " In essence, secondary vocational education (abbreviated SVE) is a "modernized" secondary specialized education that was part of the Soviet education system. With the collapse of the USSR, some of the technical schools were renamed into colleges, more than half of which were attached to various universities as structural units.

Colleges.
These are colleges that implement the basic programs of secondary vocational education at the levels of advanced and basic training.

The procedure for admitting applicants.

Diploma of vocational education

The format of secondary vocational education diplomas periodically changes in accordance with the orders of the Ministry of Education and Science, while the level of protection against counterfeiting is constantly increasing.

Soviet-style diplomas are valid.

With the collapse of the USSR, some of the technical schools were renamed into colleges, more than half of which were attached to various universities as structural units.

According to statistics, at least 20 million specialists officially employed in the Russian Federation received open source software. About half of these specialists are employed in the service sector and in manufacturing. Another 50% are knowledge workers: middle level personnel of business structures, managers, personnel officers, accountants, auditors, etc.

The modern field of open source education is regulated by the new law on education, which entered into force on 01.09.2013. Separately, it should be noted that primary and secondary vocational education are not the same thing.

The procedure for obtaining secondary vocational education

Persons with a level of education not lower than basic (9 grades of a general education school) or secondary general (11 grades) can be admitted to training in SVE programs. Programs of secondary vocational education, implemented on the basis of 9 grades, include the disciplines of secondary general education. The development of such programs is carried out in accordance with the FGOST requirements for secondary vocational and secondary general education and taking into account the professional profile for which students are trained.

Secondary vocational education can be obtained both in secondary specialized educational institutions (colleges) and at the first educational stage of universities.

Types of educational institutions where you can get open source software:

Colleges. These are colleges that implement the basic programs of secondary vocational education at the levels of advanced and basic training.
Schools and technical schools. These are colleges in which training takes place in the basic programs of primary vocational education, as well as secondary vocational education, but only at the level of basic training.

Admission to budgetary training for open source programs is publicly available for all categories of citizens. However, there are such nuances:

Entrance tests are conducted for applicants if the professions they plan to master require specialists to have certain psychological or physical qualities.
Admission to training of citizens is carried out according to the results of their mastering of various disciplines of the general education program, if the number of applicants for admission exceeds the number of budgetary places available in the secondary school in this area. The level of knowledge of applicants is determined by the grades recorded in the education documents provided by them upon admission. Applicants with the highest grades and results of state exams receive budget places.

Additional rules for admission of applicants are annually developed and approved by each individual educational institution independently, but in in accordance with the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation and FGOST.

The procedure for admitting applicants.
The procedure for admission to training on a paid basis.
A list of specialties with an indication of the forms of training for which admission is conducted.
Requirements for the level of education of applicants.
A list of entrance examinations with an indication of the categories of applicants who need to pass these tests, and information on the forms of testing.
Information on the procedure for receiving documents and applications for admission in electronic form. If such a possibility is excluded, this is also indicated.
Admission procedure for citizens with disabilities.

The total number of places for each of the implemented educational programs, indicating the forms of education.
The number of budget places with an indication of the forms of education.
The number of budget-funded places in target areas with an indication of the forms of education.
The number of paid training places for each profile.
Rules for consideration and submission of documents to challenge the results of entrance examinations.
Complete information about the hostel (if available).
A sample contract for applicants applying for tuition on a paid basis.

Diploma of vocational education

Modern rules for the issuance of diplomas and annexes to them:

So, the answer to the question: "What does secondary vocational education mean?"

Many applicants are interested in how the education that can be acquired in college differs from education in a college or technical school. You will learn about all the intricacies from this material.

Very often on the Internet you can find questions from puzzled users:

Technical school, college or college - which is more valuable?
Graduated from technical school. What kind of education is it?
What kind of education is a technical school?
After graduating from technical school, what kind of education?
What is the name of education after technical school?
What level of specialist will I become after graduating from college?

The name of the institution, as a rule, does not affect the quality of education. Technical schools, colleges, schools belong to the same branch of the educational structure, and all have the status of colleges.

The structure of vocational education (excluding higher education)

To understand what kind of education they get in college and what kind of education they get after technical school and find answers to questions like "School is what kind of education?" or “What kind of education does the technical school provide?”, it is necessary to understand the structural model of this segment of professional training.

SPE, or secondary vocational education. In the course of training, mid-level specialists are trained who have in-depth knowledge in a particular professional field.
NGO. The abbreviation stands for primary vocational education. You can apply for training on the basis of 9 or 11 grades. Specialists are graduated with an entry-level qualification.

Having mastered the programs of the first type, graduates of colleges and universities receive the qualification "specialist", the second - "specialist of the entry level." Technical schools and colleges provide primary and secondary vocational education, while most colleges provide only NGOs.

Open source software and NGOs

Open source programs are aimed at training specialists who will have in-depth, high-quality skills and knowledge in their profile. As part of the training, the basic knowledge of general subjects from the school curriculum is expanded.

NGOs provide lower levels of training and provide graduates with modest career opportunities, despite the fact that those who have completed the primary education program acquire certain competencies and are considered skilled workers. For example, the owner of an open source medical profile can work as a nurse or paramedic, and the “ceiling” for those who have only an NGO is the work of a nanny.

So college is what kind of education? And what kind of education after college? And what kind of education do they get at the technical school? Find the answers below.

More about secondary schools

College (what kind of education, what are its features, what is the learning process). Institutions of this type are more promising, are more valued by employers and offer a wide range of specialties. The quality of education in them is close to the university level. Colleges are often administrative divisions of universities or institutes that enable graduates to enter the second or third year of the university to which their college is “attached”.

College education is structured according to the type of institute or university. The percentage of college graduates who enrolled in universities is significantly higher than that of those who graduated from a technical school or college. Not least of all, this is due to the benefits (sometimes unofficial) and the priority enjoyed by applicants who have graduated from college.

For admission to college, you must provide a certificate of completion of the 11th or 9th grade, as well as, if you have a diploma of secondary vocational education or NGO. Education lasts on average three years, but on the basis of 9 grades - at least 4 years, and in some specialties even more.

What kind of education does college give and what is the name of post-college education? Colleges provide high-quality secondary vocational education.

Technical school (level of education, nuances and specifics). The technical school provides secondary specialized education. Technical schools are subdivided:

on state - GOU SPO;
non-state (private) - LEU SPO;
autonomous non-commercial - ANOO SPO.

It is possible to enter the technical school on the basis of the completed 9 and 11 grades of a general education school on the basis of sufficiently high results of the State Examination and Unified State Examination. Education takes about 3 years, some specialties are mastered in two. Recently, students of technical schools have been granted a respite from the army. The educational process in technical schools takes place in a format close to the school one.

Vocational school. The schools usually run NGO programs. They enter the school on the basis of 11 or 9 grades of a comprehensive school. Training at the school lasts from 6 to 36 months. The term depends on the specialty that the student receives. As part of the educational reform, vocational schools are massively reorganized into VPU, VL and PU (lyceums and types of schools).
The renaming of institutions does not have a significant impact on the quality of education and the learning process.

What to choose: school, technical school or college?

Depends on your plans for the future. If, after receiving your education, you are going to enter a specific university, a college at this university is most suitable. Education in such a college will provide an opportunity on simplified conditions to enter a university, the administrative structure of which includes a college, which, in entrepreneurial terms, is a “subsidiary” of the university. Thus, you can, already working in your specialty, continue to receive an education of a higher level.

If you plan to master a qualified working profession and confine yourself to it, getting a job, for example, as a high-grade welder, a master builder or an auto mechanic, it is best to enter a technical school. Technical schools also teach in humanitarian, accounting, auditing and other educational programs aimed at training specialists in intellectual work of average qualification.

If the plans do not include high career achievements or obtaining a more substantial education is postponed for later, a college and an NGO diploma will be the best option.

Article 68. Secondary vocational education

Secondary vocational education is aimed at solving the problems of intellectual, cultural and professional development of a person and has the goal of training qualified workers or employees and middle-level specialists in all main areas of socially useful activity in accordance with the needs of society and the state, as well as meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education.

4. Admission to training in educational programs of secondary vocational education at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets is publicly available, unless otherwise provided by this part. When admitting to study in educational programs of secondary vocational education in professions and specialties requiring applicants to have certain creative abilities, physical and (or) psychological qualities, entrance tests are conducted in the manner established in accordance with this Federal Law. In the event that the number of applicants exceeds the number of places, the financial support of which is carried out at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets, the educational organization, when admitting to training in educational programs of secondary vocational education, takes into account the results of the development of applicants in the educational program of the main general or secondary general education, specified in the submitted documents on education and (or) documents on education and qualifications.

(as amended by Federal Law of 13.07.2015 N 238-FZ)

(see text in previous)

Secondary vocational education in Russia

Educational institutions of open source

In Soviet times, secondary vocational education could be obtained in technical schools, as well as colleges (for example, a medical school).

In the post-Soviet period, some of the technical schools were renamed into colleges. Currently, secondary vocational education can be obtained in technical schools and colleges. Differences in terms are defined in the Model Regulations on an educational institution of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institution):

7. The following types of secondary specialized educational institutions are established:
a) technical school - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training;
b) college - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements the basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training and programs of secondary vocational education of advanced training.

The list of specialties of secondary vocational education is approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 112 dated 12.04.2005 (as amended on 18.05.2006). From January 1, 2010. upon admission to the basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education, implemented in accordance with federal state educational standards, the list of specialties of secondary vocational education is applied, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 355 dated 09/28/2009.

Features of vocational education and training in comparison with primary vocational education

NGO Institutions (Initial vocational education) and SVE combine and implement two-stage training in primary and secondary vocational education programs. In accordance with the standard Regulations on an educational institution of secondary vocational education, an educational institution is also called the term SSUZ (Secondary specialized educational institution).

Secondary vocational education is aimed at training middle-level specialists, meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education.
Citizens who have primary vocational education of the corresponding profile receive secondary vocational education under reduced programs.
Secondary vocational education can be obtained in educational institutions of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institutions) or at the first stage of educational institutions of higher vocational education.
An educational institution of secondary vocational education can implement educational programs of primary vocational education with an appropriate license.

Notes (edit)

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Secondary vocational education: vocational school, college, technical school. Specialized secondary education by correspondence and its advantages What does SP mean in education

Types of colleges

Entry-level vocational secondary education

Advanced secondary vocational education

Conditions of admission

Forms and duration of training

Deadlines for submission of documents

Educational standards

Financing

Specialties of secondary vocational education

Vocational school, technical school or college - which one to give preference to?

Open source software and NGOs

More about secondary schools

Diploma of vocational education

The procedure for obtaining secondary vocational education

Diploma of vocational education

The structure of vocational education (excluding higher education)

Open source software and NGOs

More about secondary schools

What to choose: school, technical school or college?

Article 68. Secondary vocational education

Secondary vocational education in Russia

Educational institutions of open source

Features of vocational education and training in comparison with primary vocational education

see also

Notes (edit)

See what "Vocational secondary education" is in other dictionaries:

Books