Biography. What does “Karl” mean at the end of a phrase and why do they say that? Charlemagne. War with Saxony
“Karl” in Russia began to end a phrase not so long ago, around the beginning of 2015, when an Internet meme about a boy in a wide-brimmed hat and his father began to gain popularity among the Russian audience.
Exclamation “Carl!” was first heard in the post-apocalyptic series “The Walking Dead”, and on November 14, 2012, a user under the nickname MichiganSt35 uploaded a serial excerpt on YouToube in which the main character Rick Grimes becomes hysterical from the realization that his wife died in childbirth, and his son Carl, the same boy in the hat, whose image will later become a meme, stands silently nearby. This excerpt, for which the author, in his desire to “fuck”, chose a rather unconventional title - Rick Finds Out That Carl is Gay (“Rick finds out that Carl is gay”), did not attract the attention of a wide audience, but in December of the same year, Buzzfeed, the American online news media company, published “19 of the best dad jokes from Rick Grimes” (by the way, the so-called “dad” jokes themselves are a Western meme, a peculiar combination of Russian “bayans” and flat, monotonous humor), after which the images of a sad boy in hat with a wide brim and his father accompanying each of his teachings with a reproachful “Karl!”, became one of the most popular Western Internet memes of that time.
Where did it come from in Russia and where it could be heard
In 2015, the meme about Karl reached Russia, and the most often used version was in which the boy asks his father for the latest iPhone model, without which life “sucks,” to which he receives the quite expected answer that in the old days there were no iPhones , there were no telephones at all, but everyone was happy with everything. This expression received another surge in popularity in connection with a scandal in the same 2015, when the fact that residents of Stavropol on Maslenitsa were fed pancakes from shovels was widely publicized. The Internet meme had two variants of implementation - “Karl got greedy” and “Father is trying to explain something to his son.” Only the end of the phrase remained standard - an emotional repetition of the last words with the obligatory “Karl”, with a questioning or exclamatory intonation.
Interesting fact. On April 22, 2015, the leaders of the Russian opposition A. Navalny and L. Volkov were photographed next to the sign “Primaries, KARL”, making it clear that they, as representatives of the Democratic coalition, intend to participate in the elections to the legislative assemblies of the Novosibirsk, Kostroma and Kaluga regions through public primaries - preliminary internal party elections.
Over time, the origin of the meme began to be forgotten, and now the exclamation “Carl!” in the Russian-speaking environment it is used in situations when someone has to “chew everything” or simply to designate a narrow-minded person. It is often written in online battles on forums, the phrase is said by everyone, but not everyone understands where it came from, why it is so popular and what it means.
Video from the movie "The Walking Dead" with this moment
Born on May 14, 1316 into the royal family. He had a difficult childhood. His young father, John of Luxembourg, who had recently taken the Czech throne, had to contend with both the local gentry and his ambitious wife Eliška Přemyslovna.
At birth, the future Emperor Charles IV received the name Wenceslas: in honor of his outstanding ancestors on his mother’s side. Only during his seven-year stay in France, during anointing, was he given a new name in honor of his uncle, the French king from the Kapet family.
Vaclav’s mother was practically not with him as a child. He was brought up in harsh male conditions in fortresses and. At the age of 7, the boy was sent to Paris to live with relatives at the French court, where he had his own teacher. There the path to a rich education and significant political and personal connections was opened to him. Among others, the future Pope Clement VI became his friend. Karl also brought his first wife, Blanca, from Paris.
Video: Charles IV - Czech king and Roman emperor
Preparations for Charles's adult life continued in Luxembourg, in his family county, where the growing heir to the throne was received by the authoritarian Baldwin of Luxembourg, archbishop of Trevira. There, Charles studied diplomacy and the ability to rule, learned French, Latin, Italian and German, palace etiquette and the art of chivalry.
Finally, Father John called his son to northern Italy, where, in a tense, intrigue-filled atmosphere, he tried to stay on the Luxembourg throne. Here the future emperor put into practice his knowledge of military affairs and government.
After many years of absence, Charles finally returned to the Czech Republic in the fall of 1333. Since the head of state was in another country, he began to rule the Czech Kingdom as a Moravian margrave, in which he achieved noticeable success. Gradually, Karl became involved in foreign affairs. Fears for his own future and the father's jealousy of his son's success led to tension between Charles and John. The quarrels were fueled by John's new marriage to Beatrice Bourbon and the subsequent birth of a new descendant in the Luxembourg family.
Only when King John of Luxembourg drew up his political will, and the Czech Diet in 1341 recognized Charles as the future emperor, did relations between father and son settle down. The result was a common policy and success of the Luxembourg dynasty in Europe compared to other European families.
John of Luxembourg
By 1344, Charles achieved the elevation of the Prague bishopric to an archbishopric, thereby freeing the Czech state from direct dependence on the archbishopric of Mainz. In 1346, elections for Holy Roman Emperor were held, which Charles, with the help of Pope Clement VI, won. 5 out of 7 electors voted for him. A few months later, his coronation took place in Bonn, but Charles had to wait a few more years to take the imperial throne.
The Czech royal coronation was also an important stage in the fate of Charles IV. It took place on August 2, 1347. The Emperor ordered the St. Wenceslas crown to be changed in the spirit of Přemysl traditions. Together with the staff and scepter, it became a symbol of royal power. After the coronation, a luxurious feast took place and a new “coronation” temple of the Virgin Mary of the Snows was founded.
Coronation regalia of Charles IV
Now nothing stopped Karl from fulfilling his plans. He chose Prague as the place of his main residence, and made the center of power of the Luxembourgs from the Czech state. He put a lot of effort into the development of imperial cities and their interests. Unlike the usual methods of the time, he did not use expansive military force, but acted through political and marital diplomacy.
Emperor Charles IV entered into 4 marriages during his life. Finding himself a widower, he quickly found a “profitable” bride from a strong family. The emperor's second wife was Anna of the Palatinate from the rival Wittelsbach family. Charles IV entered into a third marriage with Anna Świdnicka, who gave birth to his first heir, Wenceslas IV. The last, fourth wife of the emperor, Elizabeth of Pomerania, became the main support for Charles and the mother of other heirs to the throne, the most successful of whom was Sigismund of Luxembourg.
Marriage of Charles IV
In April 1355, the imperial coronation of Charles IV took place in Rome, after which he formally became the secular head of Christianity and took on new responsibilities. During his reign, he strengthened not only the empire, but also the Czech Crown Lands, to which he annexed new territories. Charles also strengthened the position of Moravia, at the head of which he placed his brother Jan Jindrich.
Charles IV found the main support in realizing his interests in church circles. He was a deeply religious man and believed that only among church dignitaries he should look for educated advisers.
On April 7, 1348, Charles IV founded the university in Prague, which strengthened the position of the church and the capital. With the opportunity to receive an education, the emperor completed the acquisition of sovereignty by the Czech state.
The king’s ideas did not always find understanding among society. For example, the draft collection of laws Maiestas Carolina, which limited the possibilities of the gentry in the Czech Kingdom, was rejected. But in the Holy Roman Empire, the emperor managed to issue in 1355-56. The Golden Bull, which became the new constitution of the Empire. Among other things, the document also regulated the position of the Czech Kingdom.
Golden Bull on display in Prague
A powerful rival, a realistic politician - this is how one can characterize the man who ruled Europe for more than 30 years. Playing by the strict rules of big politics, Karl repeatedly deceived and let down his rivals. Perhaps because of his awareness of his sins, he sometimes showed incredible piety and collected the remains of saints.
Today, Charles IV is considered, above all, a talented founder and builder, whose efforts were evident in many cities. He paid special attention to the construction of churches and monasteries and their artistic decoration. But the most significant act of the emperor was the construction and founding of the New City () in Prague in 1348, with the help of which he wanted to make Prague a new Jerusalem. The scope, pace and quality of construction can inspire respect and admiration even at the beginning of the 21st century.
in Prague
An incredibly educated, energetic and purposeful ruler also corresponded to the canons of beauty of his time. He was an attractive man, about 175 cm tall, took care of his appearance and protected his own authority.
Charles IV died at the age of 62 on November 29, 1378. His solemn funeral was a tribute to the political power of one of the most brilliant European rulers.
Charles was the son of Duke Philip of Burgundy and the Spanish Infanta Juana. He was born in his father's domain, in the city of Ghent. The father, who inherited the Castilian crown from his mother-in-law, spent a lot of time in the Spanish possessions. Karl remained to live in the Netherlands. Soon Philip died and Juana went crazy. Until the age of 17, Karl lived under the patronage of his aunt, Margaret of Austria, ruler of the Netherlands. Until his death, he maintained a tender relationship with her.
Hereditary lands
Thanks to the crossing of dynastic lines, Charles inherited vast territories in Western, Southern and Central Europe, which had never been united until now:
Netherlands - from father, Philip, heir and son of Mary of Burgundy
Brabant, Holland, Zeeland, Burgundy
Spain - from mother, Juana the Mad, heiress of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon
Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Sicily, Naples - from the grandfather of Ferdinand II of Aragon
territory of the Holy Roman Empire - from his paternal grandfather Maximilian I
Early life and first titles
Duke of Burgundy
Best of the day
At the age of 15 (1515), Charles, at the insistence of the Burgundian states, assumed the title of Duke of Burgundy in the Netherlands.
King of Spain
In fact, Spain was united for the first time under the hand of Charles. A generation earlier, it was divided into territories belonging to two rulers, Isabella (Castile) and Ferdinand II (Aragon). The marriage of these two monarchs did not unite Spain; each part retained its independence, and each sovereign ruled it independently. Isabella of Castile died in 1504. After her death, Castile did not go to her husband, but passed to her daughter, Juana the Mad, Charles’s mother. Since Juana was incapacitated, her husband Philip ruled for her, and after Philip's death, her father, Ferdinand II, ruled as regent.
Ferdinand died in 1516. Charles inherited from his grandfather both his Aragonese possessions and custody of the Castilian territories (Juana the Mad was still alive. She would die in the monastery only three years before Charles). However, Charles did not declare himself regent of Castile, but preferred full power. On March 14, 1516, he proclaimed himself king of Castile and Aragon.
An attempt to confront the country with a fait accompli caused a revolt (the so-called uprising of the Comuneros in Castile, 1520-1522). A meeting of the Castilian Cortes in Valladolid reminded him that a mother imprisoned in a monastery has more rights than a son. In the end, Charles reached an agreement in negotiations with the Cortes.
Title
De facto, Charles was the first ruler of a united Spain in 1516-1556, although only his son Philip II was the first to bear the title “King of Spain”. Charles himself was officially king of Aragon (as Charles I, Spanish Carlos I, 1516-1556), and in Castile he was regent for his mother Juana the Mad, who was declared incompetent after the death of Charles's father, Archduke Philip. (1516-1555) and then one year as king (1555-1556).
He called himself complex: “The elected Emperor of Christendom and the Roman, ever Augustus, as well as the Catholic King of Germany, Spain and all the kingdoms belonging to our Castilian and Aragonese crowns, as well as the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands and the Indies, the Antipodes of the New World, land in the Sea-Ocean, Straits of the Antarctic Pole and many other islands of both the extreme East and West, and so on; Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Limburg, Luxembourg, Geldern and others; Count of Flanders, Artois and Burgundy, Count Palatine of Hennegau, Holland, Zeeland, Namur, Roussillon, Cerdanya, Zutphen, Margrave of Oristania and Gotziania, sovereign of Catalonia and many other kingdoms in Europe, as well as in Asia and Africa, lord and others."
Election of the Emperor, reforms
On June 28, 1519, the college of German electors in Frankfurt unanimously elected Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor. 1520 October 23, Charles was crowned in Aachen. During the reign of Charles V, a criminal code was drawn up, which later became known as the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina, abbreviated C.C.C., in German. Peinliche Gerichtsordnung Karl's V, abbreviated as P.G.O.).
Constitutio Criminalis Carolina is one of the most complete codes of criminal legislation of the 16th century. [source not specified 192 days] Was adopted in 1532. It is a procedural code, 77 of its 219 articles are devoted to substantive criminal law. In its content, Caroline occupies a middle ground between Roman and German law. The Code was particularly harsh in terms of punishment. Operated until the end of the 18th century.
Charles's Wars
With France
France feared the concentration of vast territories in the hands of Charles. Their confrontation resulted in a struggle for influence in Italy. The confrontation began with France, which put forward dynastic claims to Milan and Naples in 1522. The claims were backed up by troops. In 1524, imperial troops crossed the Alps, invaded Provence and besieged Marseille. In 1525, two 30,000-strong armies met at Pavia (south of Milan). Charles defeated the French army and even captured the French king Francis I. Charles forced the captive king to sign the Treaty of Madrid (January 14, 1526), which recognized Charles' claims to Italy, as well as his rights as a feudal overlord to Artois and Flanders. Francis's two sons remained hostage. However, as soon as the king managed to gain freedom, he declared the treaty invalid and on May 22, 1526 founded the League of Cognac against Charles (including Florence, Milan, Venice, the Pope and England). Again the conflict took place in Italy. After Charles's victories, the imperial army sacked Rome in May 1527. In 1528, Charles made peace with King Henry VIII of England, and in 1529 with Pope Clement VII. According to the Treaty of Cumbria in May 1529, the ransom for the two French princes was set at 2 million gold ecus, of which 1.2 million were to be paid immediately.
With the Ottoman Empire
In the guise of a defender of Christianity (for which Charles was nicknamed “God’s Standard Bearer”), he fought with Turkey. At the end of 1529, the Turks besieged Vienna, already having conquered Hungary behind them. But the coming winter forced them to retreat. In 1532, the Turks also left the Köszeg fortress in western Hungary with nothing. Taking advantage of the break in the war, Charles sent a fleet to the shores of Tunisia in 1535. Charles's fleet took the city and freed thousands of enslaved Christians. A fortress was erected here and a Spanish garrison was left there. However, this victory was negated by the outcome of the Battle of Preveza (Epirus) in 1538, when the Christians were confronted by the Turkish fleet rebuilt by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Now the Turks again controlled the movement of ships in the Mediterranean Sea (until the Battle of Lepanto in 1571).
In 1541, Charles tried to take Algeria with the help of the fleet, but the ships were scattered across the sea by a sudden storm. Taking advantage of the Turkish-Persian conflict, a truce was signed with the Ottoman Empire in 1545, and then peace (1547) for a period of five years. The Habsburgs even had to pay tribute to Suleiman, since he constantly threatened Charles's possessions in Spain and Italy, as well as in Austria.
In Germany
Trying to restore the religious unity of his empire (Martin Luther expressed his ideas back in 1517), Charles actively intervened in the internal affairs of the German rulers. Signs of the collapse of the power were the so-called. The War of Knights of 1522-1523, when an alliance of Lutheran aristocrats attacked the lands belonging to the Archbishop of Trier and the Elector, and the Peasants' War of 1524-1525. Charles fought with the Lutheran League of Schmalkalden. On April 24, 1547 (a year after Luther's death) at Mühlberg (on the Elbe), Charles's troops, commanded by the Duke of Alba, won a major victory.
Marriage and offspring
In 1526, Charles married Isabella of Portugal. She was his cousin (their mothers Juana and Maria were sisters). This was one of the first inbreeding marriages in the dynasty, which ultimately led the Habsburg family to collapse and degeneration.
Philip II (King of Spain)
Maria of Spain - wife of Emperor Maximilian II
Juana of Austria
At the age of 36, Isabella died. Karl never remarried. But he had many mistresses, two of whom bore him children:
from Joanna Maria van der Geynst:
Margaret of Parma - ruler of the Netherlands.
from Barbara Blomberg:
John of Austria
Charles- a meme message and meme comic, which was born thanks to the series “The Walking Dead”.
Origin
Surely many Internet users, and especially readers of various public pages on social networks, have come across the “Karl” meme at least once. Having originated on the Internet more than a year ago, it still does not lose its relevance and is still in the “top popularity” of memes.
The Carl meme originated from the TV series The Walking Dead. In episode 4 of season 3, the main character communicates with his son named Karl. The subject of the conversation was the main character's wife, who was about to give birth to a child. As is typical in such scenes, the boy named Carl remains silent, and Rick Grimes immediately realizes that his wife has died during childbirth. The hero begins to sob and lament “oh, no-no-no.” And in the end he falls to the ground from a great overabundance of feelings.
The first joke on this topic appeared almost immediately after the release of the series. The author was not distinguished by his originality and simply re-uploaded the episode with the main character crying, calling the video “Rick finds out Carl is gay (The Walking Dead)”, which translated into Russian means “Rick found out that Carl is gay.” The video has received more than a million views. After that, the potential meme was forgotten for a while.
But in December 2013, the joke got a second wind when Buzzfeed published "the best jokes from Rick Grimes." It was at this moment that the outline of the meme was outlined.
Meaning
The meaning of the meme is that while the boy does not answer anything, the hero dramatically repeats a certain phrase, adding the name “Carl” to it. Most often, there are variations of jokes on the theme of Rick’s childhood, in which the meme-maker identifies him with himself. So the joke became a little nostalgic.
As a result, after some time, the word “Carl” began to be used in isolation from the original meme simply to emphasize or emotionally embellish an event. Just add “Carl” to the end of the sentence and no emojis are needed.
Charles Martell
The actual ruler of the Frankish state (since 715), majordomo from the Carolingian family. Frankish commander.
The military leader of the Franks, Charles Pepin, a major from the Carolingian family, received his historical nickname “Martell” after his victory over the Arab army. Martell is a hammer that mercilessly strikes the enemy.
By the beginning of his actual reign, the Frankish state consisted of three long-separated parts: Neustria (northwestern Gaul with Paris), Austrasia (northeastern part) and Burgundy. Royal power was purely nominal. The enemies of the Franks were not slow to take advantage of this. The Saxons invaded the Rhineland regions, the Avars invaded Bavaria, and Arab conquerors moved across the Pyrenees to the Loire River.
Charles Martell had to pave his way to power with weapons in his hands. After his father's death in 714, he was imprisoned by his stepmother Plectrude, from where he was able to escape the following year. By that time, he was already a fairly well-known military leader of the Franks of Austrasia, where he was popular among free peasants and middle landowners. They became his main support in the internecine struggle for power in the Frankish state.
Having established himself in Austrasia, Charles Pepin began to strengthen the position of the House of Pepin in the lands of the Franks by force of arms and diplomacy. After a fierce confrontation with his opponents, he became the mayor of the Frankish state in 715 and ruled it on behalf of the young king Theodoric. Having established himself on the royal throne, Charles began a series of military campaigns outside of Austrasia.
The rise of Charles Martel in the Frankish state began with military victories over those feudal lords who tried to challenge his supreme power. He won victories in the battles on the Ambleve River (near the city of Malmedy in modern Belgium) and at Vency (near the modern French city of Cambrai).
In 719, Charles Martell won a brilliant victory over the Neustrians, led by one of his opponents, Major Ragenfried, whose ally was the ruler of Aquitaine, Count Ed (in 721, in the battle of Toulouse, he defeated the Muslim army of the ruler of Spain, Wali As-Samha). At the Battle of Saussons, the Frankish ruler put the enemy army to flight. By handing over Ragenfried, Count Ed managed to conclude a temporary peace with Charles Martell. Soon the Franks occupied the cities of Paris and Orleans.
Charles Martell did not forget his sworn enemy - his stepmother Plectrude, who had her own and considerable army. He started a war with her and forced her stepmother to surrender to him the rich trading, well-fortified city of Cologne on the banks of the Rhine.
In 725 and 728, Major Karl Pepin carried out two large military campaigns against the Bavarians and eventually subjugated them. This was followed by campaigns in Alemannia and Aquitaine, in Thuringia and Frisia.
In the European history of the ancient world, the commander Charles Martel became famous primarily for his wars against the Arab conquerors, who in 720 crossed the Pyrenees Mountains and invaded the territory of modern France. The Arab army took the well-fortified Narbonne by storm and besieged the large city of Toulouse. Count Ed was defeated, and he had to seek refuge in Austrasia with the remnants of his army.