Why do you need eggs. Factors determining what determines the size of eggs in men What is the right egg for?
The testicles are an amazing organ. The testicles work without interruption all their lives. By the age of 5 years, the testes in boys are in a state of relative rest. At 6-10 years of age, the situation changes, and single cells begin to appear in the testes - sperm embryos, the so-called spermatogonia. The formation of mature sperm cells for the first time occurs in a man only at the age of 15-16 years. Maximum sperm secretion in men is observed at the age of 20-30 years.
The structure of the sperm.
A sperm cell is a small, elongated, mobile cell. There is one secret in its structure. In front of the sperm head is the acrosome, a special little body, often spear-shaped, that contains strong chemicals. They are produced when a sperm cell attaches to an egg and dissolves its outer membrane by making a hole. Through this hole, the sperm enters the egg and fertilizes it.
Semen composition. Sperm, or ejaculate, is a complex mixture of the secretion of the testicles, their appendages, seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, Kupffer's glands and the glands of the urethra. In this case, spermatozoa make up on average only 3% of the ejaculate.
With unrealized sexual arousal, spermatozoa enter the seminal vesicles, where they are absorbed by spermiophages.
Semen volume. Due to the scanty size of each of the sperm, the amount of sperm released is small. The semen volume is individual and ranges from 2 to 10 ml, which is an average of 1 teaspoon.
If you collect the spermatozoa, thanks to which all people who have ever lived and are now living were conceived, then they could fill a vessel no larger than a thimble.
Sperm production.This is the main function of the testicles and is an amazingly productive process. It takes 72 days for the body to form sperm. However, this process is not complete without defects, as a result of which not all spermatozoa are suitable for fertilization of the egg. After ejaculation, the sperm remain viable for 48-72 hours. According to some reports, if the egg does not come out of the ovary, then the sperm can "wait" for up to 7 days.
Sperm quality control. In a man's body there is a kind of sperm quality control service. Spermiophages, special quality control cells, destroy defective sperm. Normally, there are few such spermatozoa and they do not reduce a man's ability to fertilize.
Normal semen should contain more than half of normal sperm, i.e. active and free from defects.
Fertilization becomes possible if the number of sperm in 1 ml of ejaculate is not less than 50 million. But if the number of normal sperm is even less, a man may have infertility.
Main indicators of spermogram with normal values: Ejaculate volume - 2-5 ml PH - 7.2-7.6 Sperm count in 1 ml - 60-120 million / ml Sperm count in the entire ejaculate -\u003e 150 million Mobility, active -\u003e 50% Live sperm count -\u003e 50% Sperm movement speed - 2-3 mm / min Metabolic activity - 60 minutes or more Fatigue - the percentage of mobile forms after 1 hour decreases by 10%, after 5 hours - by 40%
Sperm count. In the testes of an adult man, about 1000 sperm are produced every second, respectively, about 72 million sperm are born daily. Their number depends on the frequency of intercourse, constitution, emotional state and hormonal levels of the man.
Of the many sperm, only one will fertilize the egg. In the acidic environment of the vagina, the sperm "feel" badly and die in huge quantities, because accustomed to the alkaline environment inside the testicles.
The path of the sperm to the target. In the first seconds, once in the vagina, only a few thousand sperm survive. But there is a serious obstacle ahead of them - the cervix - through which not all sperm will break through. Some more of them will die in the uterus, and some will fall into the wrong fallopian tube. But the most motivated ones attack the egg if it is ready for fertilization, and the fastest of them wins.
Sperm movement speed. The average speed of movement of sperm along the female genital tract is 3 mm per minute. In this case, the lower part of the tail of the sperm must wag from side to side up to 800 times, so that it moves 1 cm. Within a few minutes after ejaculation, the sperm are able to reach the ovum.
In some diseases, sperm motility in men is insufficient or absent, this is one of the causes of male infertility.
Testicular disease. Cryptorchidism - the absence of a testicle in the scrotum; dropsy of the testicular membranes; orchitis - inflammation of the testicle; monorchism - congenital absence of one testicle. Fertility is fully preserved in the presence of one healthy testicle. However, testicular transplantation (transplantation) is possible - an operation that has been performed for 20 years in order to replenish hormone deficiencies and restore fertility.
Testicular physiology: consistency and size. The testicles resemble a slightly flattened ellipsoidal body. They are resilient and resilient. More often the left testicle is slightly larger than the right one. Sometimes men are afraid that the testicles are of different sizes, but this is normal.
In an adult man, the testicle is on average 3.8 cm long and 2.5 cm wide.The weight of the testicles depends on the height of the man and the physique, within 15-50 g. The testicles are located at different levels, the left one is usually lower, which is associated with the process drooping testicles during development of boys.
There are several reasons why a man might have one egg instead of two. This is either a congenital pathology or a consequence of injury and illness. In most cases, the number of eggs does not affect the ability to fertilize an egg. However, not only guys, but also girls are preoccupied with the question of whether a man with one testicle can have children. Experts have their own opinion on this matter, they reassure and respond positively.
Why does a man need two testicles?
The scrotum is part of the male genital organ. It contains a pair of round glands, thanks to which the production, generation and storage of sperm is carried out. Male hormones are also produced in this organ.
It is difficult to determine what the ideal testicle skin should be. Its texture can change under the influence of various factors, from temperature to sexually transmitted diseases.
The testicles begin to form not outside, but inside the abdomen. Later, they must descend into the scrotum. But not all men do this. For some, one (or both) of the testicle remains inside the abdominal cavity. This can cause disease, as the full function of the testicles is impaired.
The scrotum protects the testicles and the sperm they produce from damage. For sperm to be healthy, it is necessary for the temperature of the testicles to be below the temperature of the whole body. The sperm will not adhere to the egg if it is exposed to high temperatures.
The functions of the testicles are reduced to two main ones:
- sperm production;
- generation and synthesis of male hormones.
Deformation of one of the testicles can lead to problems related to the possibility of fertilization, but this is not a death sentence. Most likely, this should be viewed as a psychological problem, since the presence of both of them has always been considered a sign of masculinity.
Can one testicle fertilize an egg?
If a man, for some reason, has one testicle instead of two, but it functions normally, then there is no reason to worry. Such a man can have children.
One testicle can produce enough sperm to fertilize an egg. In order not to get lost in guesses and doubts, it is advisable to contact a specialist so that they examine the genitals and do all the necessary tests. These are mainly tests for the quality and quantity of sperm.
A man's fear of losing his testicle is quite logical. Many are afraid that after this they will become impotent and will not be able to continue their family. This is nothing more than a prejudice.
A man who has one healthy testicle can fully enjoy the delights of intimate life. One testicle is capable of producing enough sperm to fertilize an egg. A normal erection is also maintained.
In most cases, such men do not need hormone replacement therapy with testosterone, because then one egg works for two. It is necessary only if the man lacks both testicles and the results of the examination show that the man cannot become a father. To have children in this case, you need to seek the help of doctors who will prescribe a course of treatment.
Self-examination as prevention
A man may have one testicle, not only due to congenital pathology. It so happens that the injured testicle cannot continue to perform its functions. In order for the problems not to aggravate and imperceptible (at first glance) diseases do not pass to another stage, the guy needs to periodically examine the genitals on his own.
During self-examination, you need to pay attention to some points:
- The testicles should be approximately the same size. Permissible fluctuations in size - 5-6 mm. If one of them, for some reason, noticeably differs in size from the other, then this is a reason to consult a doctor.
- Do not panic about the fact that one testicle is located below the other. This is as it should be, otherwise how could a man put his feet together?
- The testicles should be firm to the touch. If the density of one differs from the other, then this may be a signal of the formation of a tumor in it.
- Self-examination should be done in a warm place. If the man gets cold during the examination, the testicles will shrink and the result will be zero. It is ideal to feel and examine the eggs while showering or bathing.
- Particular attention should be paid to palpation of the posterior wall of the scrotum, where the epididymis is located. It can be compared to a thin cord (no thicker than spaghetti). In the event that a man found a slight swelling there, then it is better to continue the examination in a dark room. You need to shine a flashlight behind the scrotum. If light easily passes through it, then most likely this formation is filled with liquid. It can be dropsy or a cyst of the spermatic cord. But in any case, if a man is worried about something during self-examination, an urgent need to consult a doctor.
- During the self-examination, the testicles should not hurt. The opposite situation can be regarded as a deviation from the norm, which also serves as a reason for contacting specialists.
If, during the examination, a man has even the slightest doubts, one should not hesitate to go to a specialist. Firstly, so as not to cheat yourself once more, and secondly, to prevent the appearance of serious diseases, the symptoms of which were discovered during an independent examination.
Testicular implant - the solution to the problem?
When a man has one testicle that has not descended from the abdominal cavity, before implantation, it is necessary to lower it into the scrotum. Only then can an operation be performed that can return the scrotum to its previous appearance.
However, one should not pin great hopes on this operation.
This surgical intervention is only a cosmetic solution to the problem, but it will not return the functions of the lost testicle.
If a man cannot have children, you need to seek help from other doctors.
In the practice of andrology, prosthesis implantation is the most common operation. It is simple, and experts convince of the minimum risk of complications (except for individual cases).
It does not require general anesthesia. Most doctors use local anesthesia. Surgical intervention lasts about 15-30 minutes. A small incision is made on the side of the scrotum through which a silicone prosthesis is placed into it. A man can choose the size he needs, which in shape and elasticity will be the same as healthy.
After the operation, a man can be discharged on the third day, but at home he must wear a special bandage that will fix the position of the testicles for two weeks.
Usually the scar on the scrotum is not visible. He heals quickly enough.
The implementation of the function of reproduction is the main engine of life in any biological creature. In humans, the reproductive system is responsible for this function. In men, the sex glands are the testes, which have two main functions:
- - the formation of spermatozoa, i.e. male germ cells;
Testicular development during the embryonic period
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The left testicle can be located below the right - this is a normal condition.
During embryogenesis, the testes are laid in the fifth week from the elongated genital eminence, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Wolffian body. In the middle of 3 months of embryonic development, connective tissue begins to grow in the testes, which gives them a rounded shape and forms its mesentery. At the beginning of 7 months, the testicles descend in the abdominal cavity into the area of \u200b\u200bthe internal opening of the inguinal canal and at 8 months they fall directly into the inguinal canal. At birth, the testicles descend through the inguinal canal and enter the scrotal cavity.
Testicular structure
Location. Both testicles are located in the cavity of the scrotum, while, in most cases, the sex gland on the left side is slightly lower than on the right. This is a physiological condition and is associated with the peculiarities of the functioning of the venous system.
The size. Before the period, the testes do not exceed 2.5x1.5 cm, and their weight is approximately 7-8 grams. When a boy reaches the age of 12-14 years old, active growth of the testicles occurs, and their size increases to 4.5x3.5 cm, weight is 25-30 g.
Throughout life, from sexual maturity to old age, the size and weight of the male sex glands practically do not change (see). These indicators can change only under the influence of any pathological factors.
Structure. The testicles are covered with a dense white membrane, from which connective tissue membranes or septa extend. They divide the glandular tissue of the testicle into a lobular system. Each testicle can be distinguished from 100 to 200 lobules formed by parenchymal and stromal tissues. Each lobule contains up to three seminiferous tubules, the length of each of which ranges from 65 to 80 cm. The total length of all tubules can reach more than 500 meters.
Figure: 1 - The structure of the testicle.
The glandular tissue of the testis itself consists of Sertolli cells - glandular cells that are involved in spermatogenesis and the formation of seminiferous tubules. Between the Sertolli cells there are additional cells - spermatogonia, which are the primary germ cells and represent spermatozoa at various stages of histological maturation. Leydig interstitial cells are located between the tubules in which sperm maturation occurs. These cells are involved in the production of the sex steroid hormone testosterone.
The epididymis is an anatomical formation that is the initial part of the vas deferens. The appendage consists of a head, body and tail, which are tightly attached to the posterior lower edge of the testicle. The tail of the epididymis smoothly passes into the spermatic cord. in its proximal part it expands somewhat and passes into the ejaculatory part. The vas deferens from both testicles converge and represent 2 channels with a total length of 2 cm. The ejaculatory part passes through the tissue of the prostate gland and ends in a narrow slit-like opening in the region of the tubercle of the prostatic part of the urethral canal.
The testicle and its epididymis are covered with a special membrane called the sheath of the testicle and formed by the parietal peritoneum. The male genital organs are located intraperitoneally - this means that they are covered with the peritoneum on all sides and the peritoneum forms a kind of serous cavity around the testicle. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe testicle, the peritoneum passes from the parietal to the visceral, which is tightly attached to its walls.
Physiology and function of male testes
Physiology. Male testicles reach their maturity by the age of 15-18, which largely depends on the adolescent, as well as other factors such as:
- social conditions;
- food;
- the presence of chronic diseases;
- heredity;
- and others.
From the moment of puberty until very old age, a man retains the spermatogenic function of the testicles.
For the implementation of full-fledged spermatogenesis for the male reproductive glands, certain temperature conditions must be observed (see). So, the most active process of sperm formation and maturation occurs at a temperature of 32 ° C; For this, the male testicles are located outside the abdominal cavity, and the scrotum is a kind of thermoregulator. The thermoregulation function is carried out thanks to several mechanisms:
- The specific structure of the scrotum, which is a musculocutaneous sac. At low ambient temperatures, the scrotum contracts and the temperature inside it rises. Conversely, at high ambient temperatures, the muscular component of the scrotum relaxes, which reduces the temperature inside its cavity.
- The peculiarity of the structure of the vascular network, while the venous plexus of the testicle literally entangles its tissues, which contributes to effective thermoregulation.
Functions. The male sex glands perform two main functions: external and internal secretion. The exocrine function includes spermatogenesis and sperm formation, and the intrasecretory function includes testosterone production. The intrasecretory function of the testicles is controlled by the neurohumoral system in the pituitary gland. The most active effect on the synthesis of steroid hormones in the male gonads is exerted by the gonadotropic hormone of the hypothalamic-pituitary system under the name. It is formed and secreted in the anterior pituitary gland.
Leydig cells produce several androgenic sex hormones, the main of which is the 17-ketosteroid. There are two fractions of this hormone: alpha and beta. The alpha fraction is produced in the testes, and the beta fraction is produced by the adrenal cortex. Provided that the body maintains a hormonal balance, both fractions are produced in a ratio of 10: 1. An increase in the beta fraction may indicate the presence of an oncological process in the adrenal glands.
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Testicles (testes)are the male sex glands. The testicles (right and left) are located in the corresponding halves of the male scrotum. The spermatic cords, consisting of the membranes of the testicle, the testicular artery, the veins of the testicular venous plexus and the vas deferens, fit the upper pole of each testicle. On the lateral surfaces of the testicles, from the upper to the lower poles, the epididymis are located, which at the lower pole of the testicle continue into the vas deferens. The testicles can be felt with the hands through the skin of the scrotum in the form of rounded formations of an elastic consistency. The epididymis is felt in the form of rollers on the lateral surface of the testicles.
- production of the male sex hormone (testosterone);
- sperm production (male germ cells required for the fertilization process).
The main functions of the testicles:
- carrying sperm from the testicle into the vas deferens;
- implementation of the process of maturation of spermatozoa.
The main functions of the epididymis:
Anatomically, the testicle has (1) a parenchyma (actually testicular tissue) and a dense and elastic (2) tunica albuginea surrounding the parenchyma. The bulk of the testicular parenchyma is made up of many convoluted microscopic tubules lined with spermatogenic epithelium, consisting of Sertoli cells, on which the formation and maturation of spermatozoa occurs. The tubules are collected to the upper pole of the testicle (a network of rectal tubules), where they pass into the tubules of the epididymis. Moving along the tubules of the epididymis, sperm mature, after which they enter the vas deferens and then through the ejaculatory canals outward through the urethra during ejaculation. Between the tubules in the testicular parenchyma, there are Leydig cells that produce the main male sex hormone, testosterone. The regulation of the concentration of testosterone in the blood is carried out by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland - structures of the brain, due to more or less release of luteinizing hormone, which in turn stimulates Leydig cells to release testosterone. Lack of testosterone secretion can be caused both by poor performance of Leydig cells with damage to the testicle (congenital, traumatic or inflammatory changes), and by insufficient release of luteinizing hormone by the pituitary gland. Lack of testosterone leads to infertility, decreased sex drive and sometimes erectile dysfunction.
The testicle, initially developing in the abdominal cavity of the fetus, in the process of intrauterine development gradually moves downward and by the time of delivery (or immediately after them) descends into the scrotal cavity. The need to move the testicles from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum is due to the fact that the process of sperm formation requires a lower temperature than body temperature. Normally, the temperature in the scrotum is 2–4 ° C lower than body temperature.
Moving the testicle into the scrotum leads to some peculiarities of the blood supply and structure of the membranes. When passing from the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal, the testicle carries with it the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and the peritoneum, thus acquiring the muscular and vaginal membranes.
The vessels feeding the testicle (artery and veins) originate in the upper abdomen (on the right side - from the aorta and inferior vena cava, on the left side - from the renal arteries and veins) and repeat the path of the testicle into the scrotum in the retroperitoneal space and inguinal channels. Violation of the outflow through the testicular veins (occurs more often on the left) leads to the appearance of varicocele (varicose veins of the spermatic cord), which is a common cause of male infertility.
The presence of a muscular membrane (cremaster muscle or muscle lifting the testicle) leads to the appearance of the possibility of pulling the testicle to the outer ring of the inguinal canal. In an upright position, when you run your finger over the skin along the inner surface of the thigh, the testicle begins to rise upward (cremasteric reflex).
The fascination with the testicle behind the parietal (parietal) peritoneum during intrauterine movement of the testicle into the scrotum leads to the formation of the vaginal process (protrusion) of the peritoneum, which by the time of delivery overgrows along the spermatic cord, forming a closed serous cavity near the testicle. Failure of the vaginal process of the peritoneum leads to the appearance of a congenital inguinal hernia or dropsy of the testicle communicating with the abdominal cavity. The accumulation of fluid in a closed cavity inside the vaginal membranes of the testicle, leads to the formation of a true dropsy of the testicle - hydrocele.
Failure to descend the testicle into the scrotum (cryptorchidism) or stop further advancement of the testicle in the abdominal cavity or inguinal canal often results in significant damage to all testicular functions (infertility) and is a risk factor for testicular cancer.
Infection from the urethra through the vas deferens into the epididymis often leads to the development of epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis). In sexually active men under the age of 30, acute epididymitis in 65% of cases is associated with a chlamydial infection acquired through sexual contact. Inflammation of the epididymis can lead to male infertility due to tubular blockages. In addition to inflammation, a common disease of the epididymis is the spermatocele (epididymis cyst). One of the acute diseases of the testicle is its torsion, a condition requiring urgent help. This disease is similar to inflammation of the testicle and its epididymis orchiepididymitis, but in the absence of timely assistance can lead to testicular necrosis. It occurs more often before the age of 20.
The eggs (scrotum) are the most important organ of the male body. They provide not only your sexual potential, but also intellectual abilities and overall longevity.
Sperm production
The most important function of the testicles is the production of sperm. About one hundred million sperm are produced in the testes per day. All men have different ways. The more sperm are produced, the more fertile a man will be.
Testosterone production
Another crucial process takes place in eggs. Here, the male sex hormone, testosterone, is produced. Testosterone levels determine all male characteristics. Strength, endurance, speed, courage, intelligence, ambition, efficiency and, of course, potency. Some studies show that men with high testosterone levels are less likely to suffer from heart disease, diabetes and other life-threatening diseases.
Zinc eggs
Zinc is an essential mineral that takes part in all processes in your body: from nail growth to the production of the same testosterone. The bulk of zinc is spent on the production of sperm and the male sex hormone. Therefore, it is not surprising that the main reserves of zinc are stored, namely, in eggs. In fact, the scrotum is a repository of this strategically important micronutrient. Some scientists have contrived to weigh how much zinc is contained in the eggs of an adult male. Four grams. Yes Yes. We have zinc eggs with you. Why is there so much zinc? This is a year ahead. But even this supply can be quickly depleted if you have unbridled sex or masturbation. You can replenish your zinc supply with food: lamb, oysters, garlic, ginger, corn, dark chocolate ...
egg care
As you can see, the scrotum and eggs are extremely valuable organs. And there is nothing shameful in the fact that at least sometimes a little look after her - to keep her working.
At first, eggs love space. They should hang calmly. This is how blood circulation takes place in them in an optimal way. Don't wear tight panties. No need to go all day in swimming trunks, or in erotic tight pants. It's still clothing for a special occasion. The best everyday option is good old family panties. Also, avoid tight jeans.
SecondlyThe eggs love the coolness. Nature has placed such a valuable organ outside for a reason. The normal temperature of the scrotum is 34 degrees. At this temperature, testosterone is produced in maximum quantities. Therefore, nature pulled the eggs out so that they could be ventilated and cooled.
And I recommend that you do not expose the eggs to excessive heating. For example, don't put your laptop on your lap while you work. The hot air from it heats up your scrotum. Do not sit on the hot shelf in the sauna. Spread a towel over yourself, then sit down. And, in general, you should not take a steam bath too often, or hang around in the steam room for a long time. There is no need to set records.
Electric seat heating in the car in winter is good only in the first minutes of the journey. When the chair is more or less warmed up, it is advisable to turn off the heating, so as not to overheat the scrotum
It is now impossible to foresee all cases. But it is better not to overheat the eggs. If you went to the beach in the summer, this will not be a big problem. And if in tight swimming trunks, and even with a laptop on your lap, then some unfavorable factors should be excluded.
Thirdly, eggs are useful to massage. Grasp the scrotum with your palm and squeeze lightly. Now let go. Repeat this massage action as many times as you are. Those. with age, massage should be done longer. Massage should be done twice a day. In the morning after waking up and in the evening before bedtime. It is beneficial for blood circulation in the scrotum
anecdote in theme
A little boy sits on a potty and thinks:
Pisya - what to write
Popa - to poop.