Each of us has certain difficulties with their conjugation. Just in case, let me remind you that conjugation is a change in a verb by persons, numbers and tenses. We, without hesitation, conjugate Russian verbs.

For example, the verb "see"

I vie f at	We are d them
You ve d see	You vi d go
He vie d it	They vi d yat

We are not at all embarrassed by the fact that in the first person (i), the root vowel changes from d to z. We are used to this, we also need to get used to some of the peculiarities of the conjugation of English verbs.

In this article we will talk about the verb to do (do, perform an action).

As you might have guessed, do and does are forms of the verb to do.

The rulevery simple:

in 1 person singular and plural (i, we), as well as in second and third person plural (you, they) → DO

third person singular (she / he / it) → DOES

More clearly the conjugation of the verb to do is presented in the table.

I	DO	He	DOES
We		She
You		It
They

Consider a few sentences with the do verb:

I do teaching for a living. (I teach for a living.)

We do our job with pleasure. (We are happy to do our job.)

You do the same thing every week. Why? (You do the same thing every week. Why?)

They do a lot of different things in their free time. (They do a lot of different things in their spare time.)

And sentences with the verb does:

He does exercises every morning. (He does his exercises every morning.)

She does her shopping every Wednesday. (She makes purchases every Wednesday.)

Verb to do in English, one of the most used verbs, it is conjugated in all tenses of the active and passive voice according to the general rules of verb conjugation. Verb to do can be used as.

To do as an auxiliary verb

1. Verb to do used for education interrogative and negative forms verb (except modal) in and and is not translated.

Examples:Do you always take the bus to work? - Do you always take the bus to work?

2. Verb to do used for education in negative form and is not translated.

Examples:Don’t take that book! - Don't take that book!

3. Verb to do used as an amplifier for the meaning of a semantic verb in the affirmative form Present Simple (Present Indefinite) and Past Simple (Past Indefinite). Present Simple uses the form do or does, and in Past Simple - the form did, where the semantic verb is put in the infinitive form. Verb to do can be translated by an amplifying particle the same, and, in fact.

Examples:“I think that you’ll make your home task without any problems”. “But I did make it ”. "I think you can do your homework without any problems." "But I did it."

4. Verb to do used to strengthen the request before the imperative mood. Verb to do in this case it is not translated.

Examples:Do come to me. - Come (certainly) to me.
Do be my friend. - Be (very much I ask) my friend.

The verb to do as a semantic verb

5. Verb to do used with the meaning do, do.

Examples:Every man must do his duty. - Everyone should do his duty.
“Why did you do it? " “I don’t know.” - "Why did you do this?" "I dont know".

When is is used at the beginning of a sentence in English, and when is do?

Here you can find out when in English at the beginning of a sentence is is used in a question, and when do?

Writing questions in English is difficult for many students. Some students are confused in which cases to start a question with the to be - is verb form, and in which cases with the Present Simple - do tense auxiliary verb.

In order not to get confused, first of all, you need to study 2 topics well:

A distinctive feature of English sentences with the verb to be as a linking verb is that there is no verb in these sentences. That is why instead of the verb we use the linking verb to be.

Example.
She is very beautiful lady - She is a very beautiful girl.
There is no verb in this sentence, and instead of it we put the linking verb is.
If translated literally, the sentence will be translated as follows: she is a very beautiful girl.
That is, the essence of the sentence does not change, only the verb appears - is. When translating into Russian, we do not voice it.

If you need to make a question out of such a proposal, then it will be start with the verb to be, in our case from the form of the verb to be - is.
Is she very beautiful lady? - Is she a very beautiful girl? (Is she a very pretty girl?)

Now consider sentences in Present Simple time. If the sentence is in this tense, then the question will begin with the auxiliary verb do / does.
There is a semantic verb in these sentences, and the linking verb is not used here.
I read that book every day - Every day I read that book (the semantic verb read - read).

This sentence is used in the Present Simple tense, and to ask the speaker a question, we must use the auxiliary verb do.
Do you read that book every day? - Do you read that book every day?

It should also be borne in mind that in Present Continuous, interrogative sentences can also begin with the verb is.
Is she reading now? - Is she reading now?

Thus, in order not to get confused in the preparation of questions with the verb to be and with the auxiliary verb do, you must do the following:
- to study well the topics of the use of the verb to be as a linking verb and the Present Simple tense;
- remember that the verb to be is used as a bundle verb when there is no semantic verb.

One of the most popular linguistic confusion is the use of verbs to be and to do... This refers to the substitution of one verb for another, which occurs as a result of a misunderstanding of the functions and meanings of these words.

We have already covered the verb to be in detail, so now we will concentrate on comparing the use of verbs in situations in which confusion occurs most often.

Strong and weak verb

There are two broad categories of verbs in English - strong and weak.
Strong verbs include modal verbs and their equivalents, have got, auxiliary verbs (do / does / did) and to be... Strong verbs independently form negative constructs and questions:

Must he go to the dentist? - I must go to the dentist./ I mustn’t eat apples.

In the case of weak verbs, we are not able to construct a question or negation without auxiliary ones, avoiding mistakes:

I live to Paris.

Live you in Paris? - mistake/
It is correct to say: Do you live in Paris?

He lives not in Paris.- mistake/
It is correct to say: He doesn’t live in Paris.

So we use the auxiliary do or two of its other forms ( does / did) in order to correctly form questions and denials.

A mistake is born when students (by this word we mean all foreign language learners from young to old) begin to use auxiliary verbs for the forms to be:

He is Liza's brother.

Does he is Liza's brother? - mistake
He doesn’t is Liza's brother. - mistake

Undoubtedly verb forms to be do not look like their original form. We believe this is what can be confusing.
Remember: am, is, are, was, were are strong verbs and never use auxiliary do:

Ishe Liza's brother? - correctly
He isn’t Liza's brither. - correctly

And here do on the contrary. By itself how semantic this verb is weak and has meaning make... Accordingly, he needs the help of an auxiliary one that matches him in spelling and pronunciation do, which the is not translated into Russian and performs a purely grammatical function:

I do exercises every day.
Do I do exercises every day? - correctly
I don’t do exercises every day. - correctly

Do I exercises every day?- mistake
I don’t exercises every day.- error / This sentence is meaningless and will be translated “ I don't exercise every day”. I would like to immediately ask “do not what? exercises"

Auxiliary

The second serious problem sometimes becomes choice of auxiliary verb.
Most of the courses are structured in such a way that acquaintance with English grammar and the language in general begins with the verb to be - to be, to be, to be somewhere... Students are so accustomed to designs with to bethat for them their use becomes completely logical as an auxiliary verb... It actually loses its meaning and sentences of this kind become grammatically equal:

She is in Paris.
She lives in Paris.

Let's say that contextually it is possible to translate both of them as “ She lives in Paris”. The following happens:

Is she in Paris? - correctly
Is she live in Paris? - MISTAKE

To be never will not be used as an auxiliary verb to weak, unless these are Continuous or Passive constructions, which include to be:

Is she living in Paris? - correct / Present Continuous
The work wasn’t done. - correct / Passive

It's very easy to check. Ask a question for a semantic verb, for example, live (what to do?). Exactly make (do / does / did) will become auxiliary.

We are not dealing with BEand with MAKE:

Does she live in Paris? - correctly
She doesn’t live in Paris.- correctly

We wish you to make the right choice and achieve great success in your studies!

Victoria Tetkina

Morphology deals with the study of the word as a part of speech. Verbs are used to express state or action. They show what people are doing, thinking or feeling and are one of the eight parts of speech. For instance, they are applied to express:

• actions (Tom does this work every day);
• states (Jack is feeling better today);
• natural phenomena (It's raining in the street).

All verbs in English are classified as state or action verbs, also called "dynamic verbs". Action verbs indicate an action that a person or object is performing. State verbs show how things exist in reality - their appearance, smell, color.

The most important difference between state and action verbs is that action verbs can be cast in the Continuous Tenses, but not state. Here are some examples of action verbs (They are playing football. Mark cooked dinner for us last night) and states (I think that’s a good idea. It costs twenty dollars).

English verbs can also be used in active or passive voice. Active voice means such an action that the subject does: Tom throws the ball. Andy has lived in Queens for twenty years. The passive voice describes what is being done, done with the object. It is not used as often as the active voice. In English, it is always used with the verb to be and combined with the past participle (the third form of the verb).

The pledge is a characteristic feature of Russian and English grammars. Here are some examples of passive verbs: The work was done quickly. That document will be done by Robert. My car was made in Germany

English verb form

There are various forms of verb construction. Its basic forms in English are divided into the infinitive, or present participle with the ending ing, the past participle, and the basic form, most importantly, the Conjugated form. The difference between English and Russian lies in the complex temporal construction of the verb. Here is each form with a few examples:

• Infinitive (to + verb) - to do, to think, to eat;
• Present participle (gerund or verbs with ing form) - doing, going, eating;
• Past form (used with the past indefinite) - went, did, played;
• Past participle (used with perfect tenses) - done, gone, eaten, played;
• Conjugated form (only used in present indefinite tense) - do - does, play - plays, speak - speaks.

Species differences

In English, along with independent ones, phrasal, auxiliary and modal verbs are very often used. The verb to do must be written in transcription and can act as an independent, phrasal or auxiliary verb.

Independent verbs act as a simple predicate in a sentence. They carry out the main semantic load and serve to convey any action or expression of feelings, thoughts, natural phenomena. For example: He does business in different countries. He does business in different countries. He helps her do the dishes. He helps her wash the dishes.

Phrasals are composed of a main verb with a preposition or adverb. They are very common in spoken English, but they are also used in writing. Here are some phrasal verbs: He often does me down. He often deceives me. Riders were completely done up. The riders were completely exhausted. I’ll be done by five o’clock. I'll be ready by five o'clock.

Auxiliary verbs do not have independence in a sentence. They generally form complex temporal forms with some basic verbs. These include to do, to be, to have, shall (should), will (would) and they serve to transform an ordinary sentence into an interrogative or negative one. They do not know it. What books do you like to read?

Verb table and tenses

Unlike nouns that have declension, in English, as in Russian, verbs change in tenses, that is, they are conjugated. The summary table shows their main times:

Verb tenses	Examples with translation
Present Simple (indefinite)	I work at a bank. I work in a Bank.
Present Continuous (progressive)	Mary is watching TV now. Maria is watching TV now.
Present perfect	She has lived in New York since 2002. She has lived in New York since 2002.
Present perfect continuous	We’ve been playing tennis since three o’clock. We have been playing tennis since 3 o'clock.
Future with will	I will make you a sandwich. I'll make you a sandwich.
Future With Going to	Mary is going to fly to Chicago next week. Maria is going to fly to Chicago next week.
Future continuous	They will be studying later today. They will study later today.
Future perfect	She will have finished the report by six o'clock. She will finish her report by 6 o'clock.
Past simple	I bought a new car last month. I bought a new car last month.
Past perfect	They had finished lunch by the time he came. They had finished lunch by the time he arrived.
Past Perfect Continuous	They had been working for two hours when he came in the door. They were working for two hours when he entered the door.

The pronunciation of the verb to do is recorded in dictionaries, its use in English is used in different ways. It can be used as an auxiliary or main one to talk about an action in general, as well as in combination with nouns to solve various issues and tasks of everyday life.

The to do auxiliary verb is mainly used to create interrogative and negative sentences in the present and past tense.

The present tense is usually one of the first tense of the verb that new students of English learn. It is used to describe actions that occur on an ongoing basis, to express feelings, facts, opinions and events. The present simple tense should not be confused with the present long tense, which is used to describe what is happening at the moment. For instance:

• present idle time (I catch the bus at 8:50 a. m. to go to work. I take the bus at 8:50 to get to work);
• present for a long time (I am riding the bus to work. I ride the bus to work).

A good way to improve your speaking skills is to use role play exercises. You can use the following dialogue with a classmate or friend to practice in the present simple tense.

John: Hello, Can I ask you some questions?

Ann: Yes, I can answer some questions.

John: Thank you for taking the time. What do you do?

Ann: I work in a library. I'm a librarian.

John: Are you married?

John: What does your husband do?

Ann: He works in the shop.

John: Do you usually have dinner together?

Ann: Yes, we do.

John: Where do you like to go on holiday?

Ann: We like to go to the mountains if we can.

John: What kind of books do you read?

Ann: I often read horror stories.

John: Thank you very much for answering my questions.

From the dialogue it is clear that the present simple is used to describe what is done every day with the inclusion of adverbs always, sometimes, usually, etc., which indicate a habit. Other cases that take a real simple time:

• persistent or long-term situations (Where do you work? The store opens at 9 a. m. She lives in New York.);
• regular habits and daily routine (I usually get up at 7 a. m. She doesn’t often go to the cinema. When do they usually have lunch?);
• facts (The earth revolves around the sun. What does "strange" mean? Water doesn’t boil at 20 degrees.);
• feelings (I love walking around late at night during the summer. She hates flying! I don’t want to live in Texas.);
• opinions and states of mind (He doesn’t agree with you. I think he is a wonderful student. What do you consider your best accomplishment?);
• schedules and schedules (The plane leaves at 4 p. m. When do courses begin this semester? The train doesn’t arrive until 10.35 a. m.).

The present simple tense can be expressed in three ways: in the affirmative, in the negative, or in the form of a question. Conjugation of affirmative verbs is easy for the first and second person. You just need to use its basic form. For the third person, s is added to the verb. For example: I eat lunch at noon. You play tennis at noon. He walks to school every day. She watches TV in the evening. It sleeps under the couch. We study English at school. They eat lunch at noon.

The use of the verb to do in English (table)

Time
1. Present	do (does)
2. Past	did
3. Perfect	done

The negative form uses the auxiliary do for the first and second person and does for the third person. You can also abbreviate the negative form. For example: I do not leave work early on Mondays. You don’t like to watch TV. He does not understand the question. She doesn’t ride a bike. We do not have any money. They don’t leave at noon.

If the present tense is expressed in the form of a question, then do or does is used, followed by the subject and main verb. For example: Do I work in this company? Do you get up early? Do we often drive to work? Do they understand French? Does he like to watch TV? Does she believe in ghosts? Does it leave at noon?

Formation of the verb do (does) - did (rule and table)

The verb's simple past tense is used to talk about things that happened and ended in the recent past. Following the dialog clearly shows the use of the simple past tense:

Mike: Hi Mary, what did you do on Saturday?

Mary: I did a lot of things. I went shopping.

Mike: What did you buy?

Mary: I bought some new clothes. I also played volleyball.

Mike: Who did you play?

Mary: I played Jack.

Mike: Did you win?

Mary: Of course I won!

Mike: What did you do after volleyball?

Mary: Well, I went home and took a shower and then went out.

Mike: Did you eat in a restaurant?

Mary: Yes, my friend Peter and I ate at The Good Fork.

Mike: Did you enjoy your dinner?

Mary: Yes, we enjoyed our dinner very much. We also drank some wonderful wine!

Mike: Unfortunately, I didn’t go out this weekend. I didn’t eat in a restaurant.

Mary: What did you do?

Mike: I stayed home and studied.

The auxiliary verb to do and interrogative pronouns show the time in which the dialogue took place: What did you do? I went. What did you buy? I bought. I played. I took. I ate. We enjoyed. We drank. I stayed. I studied.

The simple past is used to describe what happened at a certain time in the past using temporal words: ago, in the past, or yesterday. Where did you go yesterday? The flight left last night. They didn’t come two weeks ago.

In the positive form for regular verbs, the ending -ed is added to the main verb. But there are also irregular verbs. Some of the more common ones are: go - went, buy - bought, take - took, come - came, have - had, eat - ate, and drink - drank.

Irregular verbs need to be memorized: They returned late last night (regular verb). She played volleyball yesterday (regular verb). It sounded easy to them (regular verb). I went to Paris last week (irregular verb). I bought a new cap yesterday (irregular verb). They went to the shop a few hours ago (irregular verb). We thought about it (irregular verb). I came by bus last week (irregular verb). They came back late last night (irregular verb).

The negative past tense is constructed using the auxiliary verb did with the particle not (abbreviated didn’t) plus the main verb without any changes: I didn’t hear the question. You didn’t fly to San Francisco last week. She didn’t want to do the work. They didn’t ask any questions in class. It didn’t break yesterday. I didn’t like the music last night. He didn’t buy anything last week. We didn’t go to Paris last week.

The interrogative form uses the auxiliary verb, followed by the subject-subject, and then the base form of the verb. Informative questions begin with words like "where" or "when": Did we make a reservation? Did you understand the question? Did she want to leave the party? When did you finish the book? Where did he live last year? How much did it cost? What did they say?

The verb to do can also be used to form a negative imperative or to reinforce a request before an imperative: Don’t go there. Don’t open the window. Do come to me today. Come (certainly) to me today.

Also, the verb to do is used to enhance the action expressed by the main verb in Present Indefinite and Past Indefinite tenses. Its reinforcing design is visible in the following examples: I think you don’t know my brother. - You aren’t right. I do know him very well. Why didn’t you speak to him? - But I did speak to him yesterday.

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