Kali linux manual disk setup. Installing Kali as an additional operating system on a Windows computer. Video: installing Linux Mint on a computer with another OS

Kali Linux is a distribution that is becoming more popular every day. In view of this, there are more and more users who want to install it, but not everyone knows how to do it. This article will provide step-by-step instructions for installing Kali Linux on a PC.

To install the operating system, you will need a flash drive with a capacity of 4 GB or more. The Kali Linux image will be written to it, and as a result the computer will be launched from it. If you have a drive, then you can proceed to the step-by-step instructions.

First you need to download the operating system image. It is best to do this from the official website of the developer, since that is where the distribution of the latest version is located.

On the page that opens, you can determine not only the method of downloading the OS (Torrent or HTTP), but also its version. You have the choice of either a 32-bit or 64-bit system. Among other things, it is possible at this stage to select the desktop environment.

Once you have decided on all the variables, start downloading Kali Linux on your computer.

Step 2: Write the image to a USB flash drive

Installing Kali Linux is best done from a flash drive, so first you need to write a system image to it. On our website you can find a step-by-step guide on this topic.

Step 3: Start PC from USB flash drive

Once the flash drive with the system image is ready, do not rush to remove it from the USB port; the next step is to boot the computer from it. This process will seem quite complicated for the average user, so it is recommended that you first familiarize yourself with the relevant material.

Step 4: Start installation

As soon as you boot from the flash drive, a menu will appear on the monitor. Here you need to select the installation method for Kali Linux. Below we will present the installation with GUI support, since this method will be the most understandable for most users.

IN "Boot menu" installer select item "Graphical install" and press Enter.

Select your language from the list that appears. It is recommended to select Russian, as this will affect not only the language of the installer itself, but also the localization of the system.

Select your location to have the time zone determined automatically.

Note: if you do not find the desired country in the list, select the “other” line to display a complete list of countries in the world.
Select a layout from the list that will be standard in the system.

Note: it is recommended to install the English layout; in some cases, due to the choice of Russian, it is impossible to fill in the required input fields. After the system is fully installed, you can add a new layout.
Select hotkeys that will be used to switch between keyboard layouts.

Wait until the system settings are completed.

Depending on the power of your computer, this process may take a long time. Once completed, you will need to create a user profile.

Step 5: Create a User Profile

A user profile is created as follows:

After entering all the data, the program for HDD or SSD partitioning will begin loading.

Step 6: Partitioning the Drives

Marking can be done in several ways: automatically and manually. These options will now be discussed in detail.

Automatic marking method

The main thing you should know is that if you partition the disk automatically, you will lose all the data on the drive. Therefore, if there are important files on it, move them to another drive, such as Flash, or put them in cloud storage.

So, to mark up automatically, you need to do the following:

Select the automatic method from the menu.

After that, select the disk that you are going to partition. There is only one in the example.

Next, determine the layout option.

By selecting “All files in one section (recommended for beginners)”, you will create only two partitions: the root and the swap partition. This method is recommended for those users who install the system for evaluation, since such an OS has a weak level of protection. You can also choose the second option − "Separate partition for /home". In this case, in addition to the two sections listed above, another section will be created "/home", where all user files will be stored. The level of protection with this marking is higher. But it still does not provide maximum security. If you choose "Separate partitions for /home, /var and /tmp", then two more partitions will be created for individual system files. This way, the markup structure will provide maximum protection.
After the layout option is selected, the installer will show the structure itself. At this stage, you can make edits: change the size of the partition, add a new one, change its type and location. But you should not perform all of the above operations if you are unfamiliar with the process of performing them, otherwise you can only make things worse.

Once you have reviewed the markup or made any necessary edits, select the last line and click "Continue".

Now you will be provided with a report with all the changes made to the markup. If you don’t notice anything unnecessary, then click on the item "Yes" and press the button "Continue".

Manual marking method

The manual markup method differs favorably from the automatic one in that it allows you to create as many sections as you wish. It is also possible to save all information on the disk, leaving previously created partitions untouched. By the way, in this way you can install Kali Linux next to Windows, and when you start your computer, select the required operating system to boot.

First you need to go to the partition table.

Now you can move on to creating new sections, but first you need to decide on their number and type. There will now be three markup options:

Low security markup:

Medium security markings:

Marking with maximum security level:

All you have to do is choose the optimal markup for yourself and proceed directly to it. It is carried out as follows:

Double click on a line "Free place".

Select "Create a new section".

Enter the amount of memory that will be allocated for the created partition. You can see the recommended volume in one of the tables above.
Select the type of partition to be created.

Specify the area of space in which the new partition will be located.

Note: if you previously selected the logical partition type, this step will be skipped.
Now you need to set all the necessary parameters, referring to the above table.
Double-click the left mouse button on the line “Setting up the partition is complete”.

Using these instructions, partition the disk with the appropriate security level, then click the button “Finish partitioning and write changes to disk”.

As a result, you will be provided with a report with all the previously made changes. If you do not see any differences with your actions, select "Yes". Next, the installation of the basic component of the future system will begin. This process is quite long.

By the way, you can mark up a Flash drive in the same way; accordingly, in this case, Kali Linux will be installed on the USB flash drive.

Step 7: Complete installation

Once the base system is installed, you need to do some more settings:

If your computer is connected to the Internet when installing the OS, select "Yes", otherwise - "No".

Specify a proxy server if you have one. If not, skip this step by clicking "Continue".

Wait while additional software downloads and installs.

Install GRUB by selecting "Yes" and pressing "Continue".

Select the drive where GRUB will be installed.

Important: the system boot loader must be installed on the hard drive where the operating system will be located. If there is only one disk, then it is designated as “/dev/sda”.
Wait until all remaining packages are installed on the system.

In the last window you will be notified that the system has been successfully installed. Remove the flash drive from the computer and press the button "Continue".

After all the steps have been completed, your computer will restart, then a menu will appear on the screen where you will need to enter your username and password. Please note that you must log in using a superuser account, that is, you need to use the name "root".

Finally, enter the password you created when installing the system. Here you can determine the desktop environment by clicking on the gear that is located next to the button "Entrance", and selecting the desired one from the list that appears.

Conclusion

After completing each step of the instructions, you will eventually be taken to the desktop of the Kali Linux operating system and can start working on your computer.

Operating system Kali Linux (formerly BackTrack 5 ) is gaining more and more popularity. This is due to many reasons, the main one, according to official sources, is concern about the security of computer systems, web applications and networks.

This article will tell you how Kali Linux is being installed on a USB flash drive . As a result, you will receive a full-fledged operating system located on your flash drive. You can insert it into and boot from any computer, thereby quickly gaining access not only to files in the OS, but also to its main components.

System requirements

Before telling the story how to install Kali Linux on a USB flash drive, with It is worth paying attention to its system requirements. They, of course, are not very high, like any other Linux distribution, and are perfect for any computer, but since we will be dealing with flash drives, they are worth mentioning.

So, to fully install the system you need to have:

10 gigabytes of free disk space;

512 megabytes of computer RAM.

Here the first indicator is more interesting, since it relates directly to the flash drive. Due to the fact that the volume occupied by the system is 10 GB, it is necessary to use a flash drive of 16 GB or more, because in addition to the system itself, you will create, download and copy files in it.

After we have dealt with the system requirements, we can move on to instructions on how to produce installing Kali Linux on a USB flash drive.

Preparatory activities

Installing Kali Linux on a USB flash drive , like the installation of any other OS distribution, begins with a number of preparatory activities. Now they will all be examined in detail.

Step 1: Download the image

The first thing you need to do is download the ISO image of the distribution onto your computer. This must be done exclusively on the official website of the developers, so you will absolutely receive the official version of the distribution, without unnecessary changes. In addition, on the site you can independently select the OS version, its bit depth and much more. Just go to the site, click the "Download" button and select the distribution that suits you.

Step 2: Create a bootable USB flash drive

Although we will carry out the installation" Kali Linux "on a flash drive, we need to create its boot image on a second flash drive. This is done quite simply. Let's look at how to create I using the Rufus program.

So, first of all, go to the official website of the program and download it from there. After that, open and click on the disk button, which is located in the lower right part of the window. Select the ISO image of the distribution that was downloaded in advance and click "Open" in Explorer. In the first drop-down list, select the flash drive on which the image will be written (do not confuse it with the flash drive on which the installation will be performed, these are two different drives). The remaining fields can be left unchanged. Finally, click the "Start" button.

The recording process will begin. Wait for it to finish and then proceed to the next step.

Step 3: Boot PC from USB flash drive

So, let's move on to the last preparatory stage. We need to start the computer from the flash drive on which the image is recorded" Kali Linux ". This is done through the BIOS.

Restart your computer.

At startup, press the F9 button.

In the list of devices, select the name of your flash drive.

After this, the computer will start from the flash drive, and you will see the main installer interface.

Installing Kali Linux

It's time to move directly to the instructions, how to install Kali Linux on a USB flash drive. Below will be all the steps that need to be taken to successfully complete the task are outlined.

Step 1: Start installation

So at this stage installing a full-fledged Kali Linux system on a USB flash drive there is a list in front of you. You can do a lot of things in it, but we are only interested in installation, so using the arrows on your keyboard, highlight the Install item and press the Enter button.

Language selection

A language selection window will appear in front of you. If you want to Russian version of Kali Linux , then, accordingly, select Russian from the list. Please note that after selecting it, a window will appear saying that the installer has an incomplete translation. Highlight No, refusing to return to the language selection window, and press Enter.

Region selection

Now you need to select your region. This is necessary to correctly determine the time zone. The list will present three options:

Russian Federation.

If your country is not in the list, then select “Other” and find it in the list.

Defining the keyboard layout

The next step is to determine the keyboard layout. Here it is recommended to choose English to eliminate problems with filling out your profile, what will happen next.

Loading components

Now you will see a window displaying the process of downloading and installing additional components. Do not cancel it under any circumstances, as this may cause a critical error. Be patient and wait for it to finish.

Step 2: Create a Profile

After the process of downloading and installing components is completed, the profile creation window will appear in front of you. First of all, you will be asked to enter the computer name. Choose the option yourself, and after entering, click the “Continue” button.

Entering your password

A password creation window will appear. This is a very important stage that cannot be skipped. Remember, the longer the password, the less likely it is to be hacked. However, if you are sure that your computer is not in any danger, you can use a password consisting of one character, for example "0".

Step 3: Disk Partitioning

It's time to talk about the most important step in installing Kali Linux on a flash drive. Now we will partition the disk.

Markup option

So, you have a window in front of you in which you need to select a layout option. Since we are installing the operating system on a flash drive, we need to select “Manually”. By the way, at this stage a flash drive must be inserted onto which the distribution must be written.

Disc selection

After selecting, you must determine the disk on which the installation will be performed. You must select your flash drive. You can identify it by name or size.

Partition table

Since the flash drive will be completely customized for the operating system, we must create a new partition table, at this stage we select the “Yes” option. By the way, switching between options occurs by pressing the TAB key.

Creating a root partition

Now you will see a partition table, but since the flash drive is clean, there will be only one partition with free space. You need to select the same “Free space” and press the Enter key.

In the window that appears, select "Create a new partition".

After this, you need to indicate the amount of disk space that you are going to allocate for the root partition. We remind you that the minimum required is 10 GB, but if flash memory allows, it is better to enter 11-12 GB. After entering, click "Continue".

Now you see the last window of the Partition Wizard. In it, you need to select the file system "Ext4 Journaled File System" and the mount point "/", and leave the rest untouched. Finally, click “Partition setup is complete.”

Creating a swap partition

In addition to the root partition, you also need to create a swap partition, or, as it is also called, the “swap section”. For this:

Select the "Free Space" section.

In the window, press Enter on "Create a new partition".

In the field for entering the allocated disk space for the partition, indicate the number of gigabytes that are installed on your computer. Since the OS will be on a flash drive, which means it will be used on different computers, it is better to specify from 4G to 8G.

Click Continue.

Select the partition type "Primary".

Select the "At the End" location.

In the last partition creation window, change the file system to "Swap Partition".

Click "Partition setup complete."

Step 4: Finish installation

After completing the steps, select "Finish partitioning and write changes to disk." In the next window, select “Yes” and in subsequent ones also agree to the offers. As a result, you need to wait for the installation process to complete and restart your computer.

You can also use these instructions to install BackTrack 5, because, if you remember, this is the previous version of Kali Linux. Of course, there may be differences in some points, but the essence is the same.

By the way, installing Kali Linux on a USB flash drive via VirtualBox happens exactly the same way.

Almost every user today has heard about the free Linux operating system. The open platform for development and accessibility of the system made it very popular. But if you've never used it, installing it instead of Windows may be reckless. It is much more convenient to install any version of Linux as a second operating system on your device.

Reasons for installing Linux next to Windows 10

Windows 10 is the latest operating system from Microsoft. She is successful and multifunctional. Few users will be able to completely abandon its use in favor of installing Linux. In turn, Linux has a number of advantages over other operating systems:

freedom and diversity - there are many Linux builds and each of them is distributed free of charge. Their download, installation, use and even modification are completely legal;
low requirements - some Linux builds will work even on very old computers. The operating system takes up little space and consumes little RAM, which means more resources will be available for your programs;
fewer viruses - virus programs for Linux, of course, exist, but the chance of stumbling upon them is much less than in the Microsoft operating system. As a result, it is easier to get rid of them;
free software - there is a lot of free software on Linux to suit every taste. These can be either analogues of paid programs on Windows or completely new software. Finding the right program is very easy;
good compatibility with other systems is an extremely important point. Linux installs easily and works with any operating system: both Windows and Mac.

The disadvantages, however, are also obvious:

designed for experienced users - installing Linux is not at all difficult, but some actions in the system itself require great technical knowledge;
problems with supporting programs and games of other operating systems - not all games or programs support Linux, and the launch method via wine does not always work correctly.

By installing Linux as a second operating system, you will not lose anything, and if you like it, you can completely switch to it.

Installing various Linux builds

Since Linux is open to user development, there are many different versions of this operating system.

Linux Ubuntu is a common version of the operating system that is installed with various programs. It has both “easy” options and full-fledged complexes for working with media; Ubuntu is one of the most common versions of Linux
Kali Linux is a version of the system with a greater emphasis on secure operation;
Kali Linux is known for its enhanced security
Linux Mint - this operating system is based on the Ubuntu version and is a development of its ideas for the better;
Mint Linux - an improved version of Ubuntu
Kubuntu is an official fork of the regular version of Ubuntu. Differs in a different graphical shell (KDE);
Kubuntu Linux - Ubuntu with a different graphical shell
Rosa Linux - Russian version of Linux with a number of its own developments;
Rosa Linux - Russian build with a number of innovations
Arch Linux is a very lightweight and optimized build, designed for experienced users.
Arch Linux - build for advanced users

Each user should choose an assembly to suit their needs before proceeding directly to installation.

Preparations before installation

Before you begin installing the version of Linux you've chosen, you should do some preparatory work on your hard drive. First, you should save all the necessary files to the drive, since there is a risk of losing them during installation. Then you should split the disk into partitions to correctly install the second operating system.

Partitioning a partition using the Disk Management system program

You can also split a partition directly during the Linux installation. But if you do this in advance, you can avoid some unnecessary risks during installation.

Partitioning a partition using the Linux installer

No matter what version of Linux you install, you will need to partition your disk. If you did not do this before installation, you can also do this during installation.

To do this, when selecting the installation type, select “Other option”.
During installation, select the “Other option” line and click “Continue”
The required utility will be launched. Here you can see the partitions of your hard drive. For installation, it is better to divide a partition that is not system.
Linux has its own disk utility that can also be used to partition a volume
Select the non-system partition and press the "Edit" key.
Select a partition that has enough free space and click "Change"
Specify a different hard drive size. It is recommended to set the value to more than 20 thousand MB so that there is enough space for the system and for its normal operation. All “extra” space will be cut off and become an unallocated area. Of course, it is necessary that this space is not occupied by files.
In the "Edit Partition" window you can see the total amount of free space on the disk
Confirm the size change by clicking OK.
In the Edit Partition box, enter the weight of the space you want to partition and click OK
A warning will appear indicating that the process is irreversible. Agree to the changes again and select the “Continue” button.
Review and confirm changes when creating a partition in Linux
The division will be completed and you will see the line “free space”. Select it and click on the plus sign.
Select a new partition and click on the plus to create a partition
Fill out the section creation form. To install Linux, you will need to create a root partition, a swap partition, and a file storage partition. To create a root partition, specify a size of about 15 GB, set the partition type to “Logical” and in the “Mount Point” line, specify the “/” sign so that the partition is considered root.
Enter the required information to create a root partition and click OK
In the same way, create a partition for system swap, selecting the appropriate partition type. You should allocate as much space for it as you have RAM.
Enter the necessary information to create a swap partition and click OK
In the last section for storing files, allocate all the space that remains. Select "/home" as the mount point.
Enter the required information to create a home partition and click OK

The creation of partitions is complete and this means that you can continue with the installation.

Installing Linux Ubuntu next to Windows 10

You can download the latest version of the Linux Ubuntu system from its official website. After this, follow these steps:

Write the system image to a USB flash drive. This can be done using any program convenient for you. For example, Rufus can help you. Download and run it.
Select the recording device in the top line. This can be a writable disc or a flash drive. Specify your drive in Rufus
Specify the partition scheme - “GPT for computers with UEFI”. Select GPT as partition scheme
Then click on the image icon. In the explorer that opens, specify the path to your Linux image. Click on the disk icon and select the Linux image that you downloaded from the official website
Make sure the “Create a boot disk” checkbox is checked and click “Start”.
After the boot disk has been created, restart your computer and go to the Boot Menu. Select there to boot your drive. Select your drive type in the Boot Menu
The startup window for installing Linux Ubuntu will appear. Set the required language in the left panel and begin the installation.
Select your system language and click "Install Ubuntu"
Since the partition was already created earlier, select “Install Ubuntu next to Windows 10.”
From all installation types, select "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 10"
Then select a section. It will be a fat32 type if done correctly.
Select fat32 partition which should have enough space
If there is no partition, but there is an unallocated area, create it. To do this, in the devices tab, select Create Partition Table. Set the partition type to GPT.
In the next window, specify the partition size, select fat32 as the file system and enter EFI in the Label line.
Specify the weight of the section at your discretion
After selecting a partition, the installation will be completely automatic. To do this, simply select Ubuntu the next time you boot your system.
After reboot, select Ubuntu as the operating system
After installation, indicate your time zone on the map.
Set the time zone in Ubuntu installation settings
Then select your language and keyboard layout.
Select the default keyboard layout for Ubuntu
Create and enter your new account information and click “Continue.”
Enter your new Ubuntu account details
The installation will complete the final steps and require a system reboot. Do it.
Agree to restart your computer by clicking "Restart"

Video: detailed installation of Linux Ubuntu on a computer with BIOS

Installing Linux Mint next to Windows 10

To install Linux Mint you need to do the following:

Go to the official website of this build and select the version to download. You should choose based on the required options and system capacity.
Download the desired version of Linux Mint from the official website
Select torrent as the download method or download the client from one of the mirrors.
Download Linux Mint using any of the methods suggested on the site
Then burn the Linux Mint image to a bootable drive. You can do this using the Rufus program you are already familiar with. Burn the Linux Mint image to a bootable drive
After the installation starts, you will see a window with a countdown.
Wait for the timer to expire to begin installing Linux Mint
If you press any key, an additional settings window will appear. It is not necessary to do this, but if you did, select the first item to start the installation. Or just wait until time runs out.
Select Start Linux Mint to login
After a short boot, you will see the desktop of the new operating system in front of you. But the installation is not complete yet. On your desktop, find the Install Linux Mint file and double-click it.
Run the Install Linux Mint file on your desktop
The language settings will open. Select the required language and continue with the installation.
Select your language for Linux Mint system
Check the box in the next window to automatically install the software.
Check the box to install additional programs and click “Continue”
Then select your installation type. If you partitioned the disk and separated the installation area in advance, select "Install Linux Mint next to Windows 10."
To install Linux Mint with Windows 10, select the appropriate option
After selecting the installation section, the time zone selection will open. Please indicate your region.
Select your region to set the time zone correctly
Then select your keyboard layout languages.
Select the keyboard layout you want to use on your new system
Create and set your account name and password, if required.
Enter your Linux Mint account login details and confirm them
Wait for the installation to complete. Progress can be tracked using the bar at the bottom of the screen.
Wait until the installation process completes to access the system
The installation is complete and after restarting the computer, you can start using the operating system.
Restart your computer when prompted

Video: installing Linux Mint on a computer with another OS

Installing Kali Linux next to Windows 10

Installing the Kali build is slightly different from previous ones.

Download the image from the official build site, selecting the version that suits you.
Select Kali Linux version to download from the official website
Burn the image to the bootable drive using Rufus.
After launching the boot program from the flash drive, you will see installation options. Installation with graphics (Graphical install) will be easiest, so we choose it.
Choose a graphical installation for a more visual process
A list of language configurations appears. Select the required language and confirm your choice.
Specify the language to install Kali Linux
If a window appears stating that it is impossible to mount the installation disk correctly, simply select “Yes”, having first connected the drive to another connector.
If there is an error, install the drive with the operating system in another slot and click “Yes”
Enter the password you created for your main account, and then repeat it in the line below.
Enter the Kali Linux password twice, which will be used when making changes to the system
Configure your time zone to properly synchronize the time on your computer.
Select the appropriate time zone from the list
The disk partitioning window will open. Specify that you want to manually select the partition.
Indicate that you want to select the area manually
Specify the unallocated area (“Free space”) that you created earlier.
Select the unallocated area: it is labeled “Free Space”
Then select "Automatically mark up free space."
Select the option “Automatically mark free space”
In the next menu, click on the “All files in one section” item.
Select "All files in one section"
Select the disk you were working on, click Finish and write changes to disk.
Select a section and click "Finish partitioning..."
The computer will detect your Windows 10 operating system. Select “Yes” to select one of the operating systems when you boot your computer and continue with the installation.
Select Yes to continue installation when Windows 10 is detected
Specify the system drive manually in the next window and the installation will be completed.
Manually point to the system drive to install the operating system boot loader

Video: how to install Kali Linux on a computer

Installing Kubuntu next to Windows 10

The installation process for Kubuntu Linux is similar to that of Ubuntu, which is not surprising. To install Kubuntu next to your Windows, follow these steps:

Download the system from the official website and burn it to a bootable drive. Restart your computer, and by calling the Boot Menu by pressing F12 when the corresponding message appears, select the desired device to begin installation.
Download the Kubuntu image from the official website
Press any key while the icon is flashing to open options.
When the keyboard icon appears, press any key
Select Start Kubuntu to begin installing the OS.
Select Start Kubuntu to begin installing the operating system
Wait for the graphical installation shell to load.
Wait for the Kubuntu GUI to finish loading
In the next window, select your system language and click “Launch Kubuntu”. You must select this option so that the system is available for use during installation on your hard drive.
Select "Launch Kubuntu" to access the operating system
It may take a while for the desktop to load without installation
Then start the installation by clicking on the installer shortcut.
Select the Install Kubuntu file to begin installation
The installation window will open. Select Russian to continue.
Specify the language you want to see during installation and in the system itself
It will check your internet connection and whether there is free space for installation. After it is finished, click “Continue”.
After checking the Internet, click the “Continue” button
A window will open to select a partition. If you want to install alongside another operating system, select Manual installation. Automatic partitioning can be used if the hard drive is completely free of files.
Since you need to keep Windows 10, select the installation type "Manual"
It is necessary to create four partitions one by one. The process itself is no different from creating partitions in Ubuntu. Create sections:
Once the partitions are created, confirm the changes and the installation will begin.
Accept the changes to continue installing Kubuntu
While files are being copied to your hard drive, select your time zone settings.
Set the time zone of the new operating system by selecting your region
In the next window, select your keyboard language.
A clear keyboard layout will help you make sure you're choosing the right language
On the last settings screen, enter your account information.
Enter the details for the new account and click “Continue”
After this, wait until the system installation is completed.
Wait until the Kubuntu installation process is complete
When the installation is complete, restart your computer.
Restart when prompted

Installing Rosa Linux next to Windows 10

As is the case with other assemblies, to install Rosa Linux you need to download the necessary image and burn it to media.

Go to the Boot Menu by pressing F12 after restarting your computer. Select your drive boot. A window will appear with various diagnostic actions. Select the line Install ROSA Desktop Fresh R6.
Select Install ROSA Desktop to begin installation
The language selection panel will open. Install the required one and continue installation.
Select your language when installing the system
Review and accept the Rosa Linux License Agreement.
Accept the terms of the license agreement to continue installation
Specify your keyboard layout.
Also select your keyboard layout language
In the next window, specify a convenient method for switching between layouts.
Specify the desired method for switching language layouts
Specify the time zone to correctly determine the time.
Enter your time zone in the list of regions
To finish setting the time, select the type of time display.
Select the time display method on your system
When selecting a partition, select “Use free space” if you want the system to create the necessary partitions in the unallocated area.
Select "Use free space" when installing rosa linux
Wait for the installation to complete.
Wait until the installation is finished, the slides will change during the process
Select the partition as the boot device and set a boot delay if necessary.
Specify the system disk for the operating system boot loader
Set a password for system changes.
Set any password you like, but remember it
Add a new user and enter their details.
Enter your account information in the new operating system
Provide a name for your computer.
Set any name for your device
Check the boxes for the services that should start when you turn on the computer.
Configure automatic startup of operating system services
When prompted that the installation is complete, restart your computer.
After completing the installation of the system, you need to restart the computer
The installation is complete - all that remains is to log in.
Sign in using your account password

Video: installing Rosa Linux on a Windows computer

Installing Arch Linux next to Windows 10

Installing Arch Linux will be significantly more complex than installing others. If you are not an advanced user, it is recommended to select a different build. Otherwise, complete the following steps to prepare for system installation:

Download the system image from the official website.
Download the Arch Linux build from the official website
Burn the image to disk. This can be done using special programs or using Windows tools - through the context menu.
Burn Arch Linux to media in a way convenient for you
Connect the boot drive to your computer and restart your computer. During the reboot, go to the Boot Menu, the key for this will appear on the screen (usually F12).
Press F12 to enter Boot Menu
Set the boot priority to your storage device. So, if this is a boot drive, set the drive to boot before booting the hard drive.
Place your drive first in startup order
After that, when you restart your computer, you will see a choice of actions. Click on Boot Arch Linux to begin installation.
Select Boot Arch Linux
It will check to see if you are connected to the network. Enter the command “ping -c 3 www.google.com”.
Enter the command to check the network before installation
Then create system partitions from the free space. To run this utility, use the cgdisk /dev/sda command.
Select free space and create partitions for installation one by one
Create a root partition to store system files. It is recommended to allocate at least 20 GB of free space for it.
From the space that is left, create a Home section. This is where your files will be stored. But you should leave about 1 GB for EFI space.
Allocate the remaining space to EFI space. Then click "Burn" to begin installing Windows into the created partitions.
Then format each of the partitions. To do this, use the following commands to format all three partitions one by one:
Then bind the partitions to the directories using the following commands:

Directly installing Arch Linux will also require you to enter the following commands:

Enter the command pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel. This will begin installing the operating system. Wait for this process to complete.
Enter the command to start installation and confirm your entry
Then type genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab. This is necessary for the system to detect the partition.
Enter the command to detect partitions during installation
Enter the query arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash to access the new OS.
Enter the last command to access the arch linux operating system
Set the currency format by entering nano /etc/locale.gen. Find the line with your country's entry and remove the hash icon next to it. Then enter the command locale-gen and, after confirmation, the command echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf, where instead of en_US.UTF-8 there should be a line where you removed the hash.
Using the above command, set the region for the currency
To accept the language settings, enter export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 also with the appropriate language instead of the specified one.
Also set the language zone using a special command
The next setting is to set the time zone. Type ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/ to display the available time zones, and then type ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/Subzone /etc/localtime, replacing Subzone with your region.
To set the Greenwich Mean Time, enter the command hwclock -systohc –-utc.
Enter the command to synchronize the operating system time to GMT
Enter the command echo myhostname > /etc/hostname, where myhostname is the name of your computer for the network.
Set a password for the computer to use using the passwd command. It can be anything, but it is important to remember it.
Set the password using the passwd command
And then all that remains is to set the system bootloader. For modern UEFI BIOS this is done with the commands:
With a regular BIOS, the commands will be different:
- pacman -S grub;
- grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
Exit the installation with exit and then type Reboot to restart your computer.
Complete the installation with exit and restart the system with reboot
After restarting, enter your password to log in. Installation completed.
Login to arch linux using password

Installing Ubuntu on VirtualBox Windows 10

Before installing the Ubuntu operating system on VirtualBox, you must complete the following steps:

After that, open VirtualBox and follow these steps:

Click on the icon labeled New to open the virtual machine creation wizard.
Click on the New button of the VirtualBox panel
The name of the virtual machine can be anything, and in the “Type” field, select Linux.
Enter any name for the virtual machine and click Next
In the next window, confirm the amount of memory for the virtual machine. Depending on the installation type, the value will be set automatically. You can increase it if necessary.
You can leave the default value if it suits you
Make sure that the marker is set to create a new virtual machine and click on the Create button.
Select to create a new virtual machine and click the Create button
Select the "Dynamically allocated" virtual disk type and click "Next".
Set virtual machine disk size to dynamic
In the disk location and size menu, leave the default values or set the required size.
The virtual machine disk value can also be left at default
Finally, click Create again to finish creating the virtual machine.
When all the virtual disk settings are configured, click Create
Click on the virtual machine you created and go to its settings.
Select the virtual machine you created
In the Storage tab, add new media by clicking on the blue plus icon under the media field.
Click on the plus sign under the media overview
As the media, specify the image of your Ubuntu that you downloaded earlier.
Download the Ubuntu image to your virtual machine
Open this image by double clicking so that it is placed into the system.
After double clicking on the image, it should have loaded into the media menu
In the system settings section, make sure that in the Boot Order section, the CD/DVD drive is placed higher than the Hard Disk.
Specify CD/DVD as boot priority so that the image is mounted at system startup
Now proceed to launch and configure the operating system. To do this, select the virtual machine and click on the Start button.
Click Start to start the virtual system
Wait until the system boots.
Wait until the system loads for the first time
Select Install Ubuntu. You will be taken to the language settings window. Select the desired language and click Continue.
Select a language to install the system in a virtual machine
Check the box to download updates during system installation.
Check the box to download updates and click Continue
Since you are installing the operating system on a virtual machine, feel free to select the Erase disk and install Ubuntu option, which will erase all other files on the disk.
Select disk cleanup - since we are installing the system on a virtual machine, files will not be affected
Set the time zone to the one in which your region is located.
To set the time, select the region where you are located
Wait until Ubuntu is installed on the virtual machine
Restart your computer after installation is complete by clicking Restart Now.
Reboot the virtual machine by clicking the Restart Now button
Enter your password and log in. The installation of Ubuntu on the virtual machine is complete.
Enter your password to login

Restoring Windows 10 boot after installing Ubuntu

If errors occur during system installation, the Windows boot loader may crash. This will make it impossible to start Windows 10. Fortunately, this is not difficult to fix. You'll need a Windows 10 installation disc, which you can prepare just like any other bootable drive. It is important that the version of Windows matches the one you have installed. Mount the image and then do the following:

Installing Linux as a second operating system is a good solution, but it is important to choose an assembly based on your goals and technical knowledge. If you have certain skills, you can install any of the assemblies without much difficulty. Using Linux with Windows 10 will help you maximize the potential of your computer.

How to install Kali Linux on a laptop?

Hello everyone, in this article from Computer76 I will show with my example how to install Kali Linux on a laptop. Installing the Linux operating system implies, I think, first of all, the fact that Windows is preinstalled in the laptop. Our task is to install Kali Linux on a laptop as a second system so that both OSes do not interfere with each other.

A few nuances. But they exist. What do you need to know to install Kali Linux on a laptop?

There won't be many difficulties. The installer of Kali, downloaded from the official website, knows Russian perfectly, and writes correctly and logically. Our task is to carefully read the manager’s advice. Installing Kali Linux on a laptop will not be more difficult than Windows.

So, I have a laptop with pre-installed Windows XP, Windows 7 and Windows 10 operating systems (you don't need to have that much). I'll put Kali Linux on the fourth one.
The first thing you need to do is prepare a place for Kali Linux. To do this, use a free program for working with AOMEI sections (or from offsite). Immediate advice from the bottom of my heart: a single-core Kali processor will not cope, and if there are 2 or more “stones” on board, then there are no options - download ONLY 64 bit version of Kali Linux. You will still remember this advice...

The developers of the famous pentesting distribution have made their most significant release since 2013. The release of Kali Linux 2.0 has been officially announced. The distribution is based on the Linux 4.0 kernel, the number of drivers for hardware support and Wi-Fi has been significantly increased, support for various desktop environments has been implemented (KDE, GNOME3, Xfce, MATE, e17, lxde and i3wm), and the list of included utilities has been updated. But most importantly, Kali Linux is now distributed in rolling distribution mode.

Continuous Update Mode

Kali 2.0 will be continuously updated through the Debian Testing infrastructure as new stable packages are released.

Checking utility versions

The distribution has an integrated system for checking versions of the main utilities. They will also be promptly updated as soon as new versions are released.

New design

Native support for the KDE, GNOME3, Xfce, MATE, e17, lxde and i3wm desktop environments has been implemented. The system defaulted to GNOME 3, after a long period of abstaining from such excesses. If desired, users can activate multi-level menus, a transparent console and many other features of GNOME 3. However, because of this, the requirements for RAM have increased: in the full version, Gnome needs 768 MB of RAM. For low-power computers, a minimal build of Kali 2.0 ISO has been released, where memory consumption is much less and the lightweight Xfce environment is used.

ARM and NetHunter 2.0 support

Kali Linux 2.0 officially runs on Raspberry Pi, Chromebooks, Odroid, etc. The kernel sources are posted in the ARM images section for easier compilation of new drivers.

The platform for pentesting from mobile devices NetHunter has also been updated and runs on Kali Linux 2.0. Several new images have been released, including for Nexus 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10.

Updated images for VMware and VirtualBox

If you run Kali Linux in a virtual machine, you can get the latest images from this link. There are 32- and 64-bit versions with a full-fledged GNOME 3 environment.

Upgrading to Kali Linux 2.0

There are two options: download the latest version and install the system from scratch, or start the upgrade procedure from 1.0 to 2.0. In the second case, you should edit source.list and run the following procedure.

Cat /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://http.kali.org/kali sana main non-free contrib deb http://security.kali.org/kali-security/ sana/updates main contrib non-free EOF apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade # get a coffee, or 10. reboot

Metasploit

Unfortunately, at the request of the Rapid7 company, the Metasploit Community / Pro package was excluded from Kali Linux, leaving only the basic framework metasploit-framework. The Metasploit Community / Pro version will have to be manually downloaded from the Rapid7 website after registering and obtaining a license.