Large biographical encyclopedia. Nikolai Ivanovich Muralov See what “Muralov, Nikolai Ivanovich” is in other dictionaries
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Nikolai Ivanovich Muralov(, Roty farm, Taganrog District (Don Army Region) (now Donetsk Region, Ukraine) - February 1, Moscow) - Russian revolutionary, Soviet military leader, member of the left opposition.
Biography
The beginning of revolutionary activity
The son of a farmer and tradesman Ivan Anastasevich Muralov. Initially, he was educated at home under the guidance of his father. Then he studied at an agricultural school, graduating in 1897. From the same year he served as manager of various estates, distilleries and oil mills. Since 1903, assistant to the zemstvo agronomist in Podolsk. In the same year he joined the RSDLP, a Bolshevik.
Revolution and Civil War. Moscow Military District.
In opposition. At the chores
Arrest and death
Family
The family and relatives of N. Muralov were repressed in the late 1930s:
- Wife - Anna Semyonovna, spent 17 years in prison, camps and exile, died in 1981.
- Son - Vladimir, was arrested in 1936, died in a camp in 1943.
- The daughter, Galina Nikolaevna Poleshchuk, was also in exile for a long time.
- Brother - Muralov, Alexander Ivanovich, Soviet statesman, People's Commissar of Agriculture of the RSFSR, President of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, arrested in October 1937 and executed on September 3, 1938.
- Sister - Yulia Ivanovna, died in the camp in 1943.
Awards
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Notes
Literature
- Historians answer questions: Collection (Issue 1) / Comp. A. N. Svalov. - M.: Moscow worker, 1988. - 240 p. - 50,000 copies.(region)
- Nikolay Muralov / Comp. N. S. Poleshchuk. - M.: Moscow worker, 1990. - 240, p. - (History of Moscow: portraits and destinies). - 15,000 copies. - ISBN 5-239-00807-8.(region)
- Kolomnin S.// Brother. - 2009. - No. 3.
- Kolomnin S.“We have a soldier Muralov” // Landmark. - 2007. - No. 7. - pp. 63-65.
- Muralova Yu. A.// Torch. - 1990.
Links
- // Great biographical encyclopedia
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Muralov, Nikolai Ivanovich
Muralov N. I.
(1877-1937;autobiography ). - Genus. near the mountains Taganrog (farm "Roty") on a farm, the son of a tradesman farmer. From childhood until the age of 17, he helped his father with his work (plowing, harrowing, mowing, threshing, etc.). In the winter I studied literacy (my father began teaching me to read and write from the age of 6). Father, Ivan Anastasevich, was a cultured man - he graduated from 6 classes of a classical gymnasium, during the Crimean campaign he volunteered for the troops, fought at Balaklava, for the courage shown in battles, he was awarded the Order of George, 4th degree, and was soon captured by the British , with whom he stayed (in Plymouth) for 2 years, met Herzen, became his admirer, and upon returning to Russia received the “Bell”. My father was a very well-read man. Having lost his sight, he forced me to read aloud all kinds of literature, fiction, history, philosophy, science, natural science, etc. At the age of 17, M. went to study, passed the exam for the second grade of an agricultural school, which he graduated from in the 20th year, and returned to his father, who soon died. He entered into practice at the estate of the landowner Plokhovo in Tambov district, in the village of Znamenka. He spent a season there, quarreled with the landowner (they were accused of having a “familiar” attitude towards workers), and became manager of the Meyen estate, Moscow province, near the village of Nazarovo. He tried to serve his military service in Moscow, in a grenadier regiment. The regiment was accepted as a volunteer, but the all-powerful Trepov did not give evidence of political reliability. The regiment had to be left and go to their homeland, Taganrog, to serve their military service. During the recruitment, there were “surpluses”, so they gave a benefit by enrolling as a 1st category militia warrior. After that (autumn 1899) he left for the Caucasus in the mountains. Maikop, where he first managed a distillery and then an oil mill. In Maikop, he participated in a Marxist circle (read “Capital”, “Iskra”, etc.), in a workers’ circle, and in Sunday school. At the beginning of 1902, he came to Moscow on vacation, was arrested, and served three months. In the fall of the same year, he participated in a Marxist circle in the city. Serpukhov. He was involved in zemstvo statistics and zemstvo insurance. At the beginning of 1903 he became an assistant to the zemstvo agronomist in the city. Podolsk (Moscow province). At the same time and there he joined the RSDLP(b) party. In November 1905, during the Black Hundred pogrom, he made his way with weapons in his hands, fled to Moscow, where he took part in the December uprising, after the suppression of which (in January 1906) he fled to the Don, to the farms. He worked in the Don organization, in the Taganrog collective (a mixed organization, almost unnatural - Bolsheviks and Mensheviks), in which he was in charge of agrarian affairs. He underwent two searches, then was arrested, sat in Taganrog, and then in Novonikolaevsk prisons, after leaving prison he went back to Moscow, then moved to Tula province. and in 1907 he became an estate manager. In the village of Podmoklovoe, together with other comrades, he opened a people's tea house under the flag of the Temperance Society, where proclamations for the Serpukhov organization were printed, illegal literature was distributed, lectures were given on agronomy, the labor movement, etc. During the imperialist war, he was mobilized into the 215th Infantry Regiment, then transferred from the regiment to Avtorota, where the February Revolution took place. Together with other comrades, he organized the soldiers' section of the Moscow Soviet. In the October days he was a member of the Moscow Military Revolutionary Committee and a member of the Revolutionary Headquarters. After the victory over the cadets, he was appointed commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District. On March 19, 1919, he arrived in the Third Army of the Eastern Front as a member of the Revolutionary Military Council. In July 1919 he was appointed a member of the RVS of the Eastern Front, in August of the same year he was appointed a member of the RVS of the 12th Army, in August 1920 he was appointed a member of the board of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture, on March 1, 1921 he was appointed commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District, in May 1924 Appointed commander of the troops of the North Caucasus Military District, in February 1925 he was assigned to “particularly important” assignments under the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. Awards: Order of the Red Banner, gold watch, two gold cigarette cases.
[Since 1925, a member of the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, in 1925-27, the head of the naval inspection of the People's Commissariat of the RKI of the USSR, at the same time the rector of the Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev. In 1927 he was removed from the Central Control Commission and expelled from the party. Since 1928 in Siberia at economic work. Unreasonably repressed. In 1937, in the case of the “Parallel Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center”, he was sentenced to death. Rehabilitated posthumously.]
Large biographical encyclopedia. 2009 .
See what “Muralov, Nikolai Ivanovich” is in other dictionaries:
- (1877 1937) military leader. Brother of A.I. Muralov. In 1917, a member of the Moscow Military Revolutionary Committee and the Military Operational Revolutionary Headquarters, then commander of the Moscow Military District. Since 1921 commander of the Moscow Military District. Since 1925 rector... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Muralov. Nikolai Ivanovich Muralov Date of birth 1877 (1877) Place of birth Roty farm ... Wikipedia
- (1877 1937), military leader. Brother of A.I. Muralov. In 1917, a member of the Moscow Military Revolutionary Committee and the military operational Revolutionary Headquarters, then commander of the Moscow Military District. Since 1925, rector of the Agricultural Academy named after. Timiryazev. Since 1927 at economic work... encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1886 1937), statesman. Brother of N.I. Muralov. Since 1919 he was a provincial military commander and commandant of the Tula fortified area. Since 1920, chairman of the Moscow and Don Council of National Economy, since 1923, chairman of the Nizhny Novgorod provincial executive committee. Since 1929 People's Commissar of Agriculture of the RSFSR,... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Nikolai Ivanovich Muralov(1877, Roty farm, Taganrog District (Don Army Region) (now Donetsk Region, Ukraine) - February 1, 1937, Moscow) - Russian revolutionary, Soviet military leader, member of the left opposition.
Biography
The beginning of revolutionary activity
The son of a farmer and tradesman Ivan Anastasevich Muralov. Initially, he was educated at home under the guidance of his father. Then he studied at an agricultural school, graduating in 1897. From the same year he served as manager of various estates, distilleries and oil mills. Since 1903, assistant to the zemstvo agronomist in Podolsk. In the same year, he joined the RSDLP, a Bolshevik.
He took part in the Moscow armed uprising in December 1905, after the defeat of which he fled to the Don. He was repeatedly arrested for short periods of time; from 1907 he served as an estate manager in the Tula province, while at the same time conducting illegal revolutionary work. In 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War, he was drafted into the army. He became a private in the 215th Infantry Regiment in Vladimir, then transferred from the regiment to the 2nd Moscow Auto Company, in which he served until February 1917.
Revolution and Civil War. Moscow Military District.
After the February Revolution in 1917, he became one of the organizers of the Moscow Council of Soldiers' Deputies, and is a member of its presidium from the Bolsheviks. He was a member of the Military Bureau of the MK RSDLP(b). In September he becomes deputy chairman of the Moscow Council of Soldiers' Deputies. In October 1917, a member of the Moscow Military Revolutionary Committee and the revolutionary headquarters, one of the leaders of the armed uprising in Moscow. After the victory over the cadets on November 2, 1917, Muralov signed an order from the Moscow Military Revolutionary Committee on the victory of the revolution in Moscow, and on the same day he was appointed commissar of the Moscow Military District with the rights of a commander of troops. He held this position from November 1917 to February 1919.
On March 19, 1919, he arrived in the Third Army of the Eastern Front as a member of the Revolutionary Military Council. In July 1919 he was appointed a member of the RVS of the Eastern Front, and in August of the same year he was appointed a member of the RVS of the 12th Army of the Southwestern Front. In August 1920, he was appointed a member of the board of the Board of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture. On March 1, 1921, he was again appointed commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District, in May 1924 he was appointed commander of the troops of the North Caucasus Military District, and in February 1925 he was appointed for “particularly important” assignments under the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. Member of the commission for organizing Lenin's funeral.
In opposition. At the chores
Since 1925, member of the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In 1925-1927, the head of the naval inspection of the People's Commissariat of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate of the USSR, at the same time the rector of the Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev.
He was a member of the “united opposition”, a supporter of L. D. Trotsky. In November 1927, for participating in the opposition, he was removed from the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. At the XV Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (December 1927) he made a speech in which he protested against violations of internal party democracy and demanded attention to the deliberate exaggeration of the charges brought against the oppositionists. At the congress he was expelled from the party.
In February 1928, Muralov was exiled to the city of Tara, Omsk District. Since that time, he worked in minor positions in the field of economic management. In 1929 he was transferred to Novosibirsk. He worked as an inspector and deputy commissioner of Zernotrest for Western Siberia. Since the repressions against the oppositionists were becoming more and more violent, after much persuasion, in December 1935 and January 1936, he wrote two letters to J.V. Stalin, declaring a break with the Trotskyists and asking for reinstatement in the party. In 1936, he worked as the head of the agricultural department of the Kuzbasstroi Work Supply Department in Novosibirsk.
Arrest and death
On April 17, 1936 he was arrested. During the investigation, Muralov was tortured; for several months he refused to testify and confirm the falsified charges. As one of the main accused, he was involved in an open political trial fabricated by the NKVD in the case of the “Parallel Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center”. On January 30, 1937, he was sentenced to death. Shot on February 1, 1937
In April 1986, the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR overturned the sentence, posthumously rehabilitating N. I. Muralov.
Family
The family and relatives of N. Muralov were repressed in the late 1930s:
- Wife - Anna Semyonovna, spent 17 years in prison, camps and exile, died in 1981.
- Son - Vladimir, was arrested in 1936, died in a camp in 1943.
- The daughter, Galina Nikolaevna Poleshchuk, was also in exile for a long time.
- Brother - Muralov, Alexander Ivanovich, Soviet statesman, People's Commissar of Agriculture of the RSFSR, President of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, arrested in October 1937 and executed on September 3, 1938.
- Sister - Yulia Ivanovna, died in the camp in 1943.
Muralov N. I.
(1877-1937;autobiography ). - Genus. near the mountains Taganrog (farm "Roty") on a farm, the son of a tradesman farmer. From childhood until the age of 17, he helped his father with his work (plowing, harrowing, mowing, threshing, etc.). In the winter I studied literacy (my father began teaching me to read and write from the age of 6). Father, Ivan Anastasevich, was a cultured man - he graduated from 6 classes of a classical gymnasium, during the Crimean campaign he volunteered for the troops, fought at Balaklava, for the courage shown in battles, he was awarded the Order of George, 4th degree, and was soon captured by the British , with whom he stayed (in Plymouth) for 2 years, met Herzen, became his admirer, and upon returning to Russia received the “Bell”. My father was a very well-read man. Having lost his sight, he forced me to read aloud all kinds of literature, fiction, history, philosophy, science, natural science, etc. At the age of 17, M. went to study, passed the exam for the second grade of an agricultural school, which he graduated from in the 20th year, and returned to his father, who soon died. He entered into practice at the estate of the landowner Plokhovo in Tambov district, in the village of Znamenka. He spent a season there, quarreled with the landowner (they were accused of having a “familiar” attitude towards workers), and became manager of the Meyen estate, Moscow province, near the village of Nazarovo. He tried to serve his military service in Moscow, in a grenadier regiment. The regiment was accepted as a volunteer, but the all-powerful Trepov did not give evidence of political reliability. The regiment had to be left and go to their homeland, Taganrog, to serve their military service. During the recruitment, there were “surpluses”, so they gave a benefit by enrolling as a 1st category militia warrior. After that (autumn 1899) he left for the Caucasus in the mountains. Maikop, where he first managed a distillery and then an oil mill. In Maikop, he participated in a Marxist circle (read “Capital”, “Iskra”, etc.), in a workers’ circle, and in Sunday school. At the beginning of 1902, he came to Moscow on vacation, was arrested, and served three months. In the fall of the same year, he participated in a Marxist circle in the city. Serpukhov. He was involved in zemstvo statistics and zemstvo insurance. At the beginning of 1903 he became an assistant to the zemstvo agronomist in the city. Podolsk (Moscow province). At the same time and there he joined the RSDLP(b) party. In November 1905, during the Black Hundred pogrom, he made his way with weapons in his hands, fled to Moscow, where he took part in the December uprising, after the suppression of which (in January 1906) he fled to the Don, to the farms. He worked in the Don organization, in the Taganrog collective (a mixed organization, almost unnatural - Bolsheviks and Mensheviks), in which he was in charge of agrarian affairs. He underwent two searches, then was arrested, sat in Taganrog, and then in Novonikolaevsk prisons, after leaving prison he went back to Moscow, then moved to Tula province. and in 1907 he became an estate manager. In the village of Podmoklovoe, together with other comrades, he opened a people's tea house under the flag of the Temperance Society, where proclamations for the Serpukhov organization were printed, illegal literature was distributed, lectures were given on agronomy, the labor movement, etc. During the imperialist war, he was mobilized into the 215th Infantry Regiment, then transferred from the regiment to Avtorota, where the February Revolution took place. Together with other comrades, he organized the soldiers' section of the Moscow Soviet. In the October days he was a member of the Moscow Military Revolutionary Committee and a member of the Revolutionary Headquarters. After the victory over the cadets, he was appointed commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District. On March 19, 1919, he arrived in the Third Army of the Eastern Front as a member of the Revolutionary Military Council. In July 1919 he was appointed a member of the RVS of the Eastern Front, in August of the same year he was appointed a member of the RVS of the 12th Army, in August 1920 he was appointed a member of the board of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture, on March 1, 1921 he was appointed commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District, in May 1924 Appointed commander of the troops of the North Caucasus Military District, in February 1925 he was assigned to “particularly important” assignments under the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. Awards: Order of the Red Banner, gold watch, two gold cigarette cases.
[Since 1925, a member of the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, in 1925-27, the head of the naval inspection of the People's Commissariat of the RKI of the USSR, at the same time the rector of the Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev. In 1927 he was removed from the Central Control Commission and expelled from the party. Since 1928 in Siberia at economic work. Unreasonably repressed. In 1937, in the case of the “Parallel Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center”, he was sentenced to death. Rehabilitated posthumously.]
Among those who occupied high army positions in the new state from its first days were not only sailors, but also soldiers. “Soldier Muralov. Commander-in-Chief of the Moscow Military District" is the name of a postcard printed on photographic paper at the end of 1917 or in the first half of 1918 (judging by the use of old spelling).
Nikolai Ivanovich Muralov (1877-1937) was educated at an agricultural school, graduated from the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy as an external student; served as estate manager and assistant zemstvo agronomist. He joined the Bolshevik Party in 1903 and took part in the revolutionary events of 1905-1906. During World War I, he was called up for military service and became a private in the 215th Infantry Regiment, then he was transferred to an auto company. In October 1917, Muralov was a member of the Moscow Military Revolutionary Committee and was among the leaders and direct participants in the armed uprising in Moscow. On November 3 (16), the Military Revolutionary Committee decided that he should take over the headquarters of the Moscow Military District, and on November 4 (17), 1917, issued an order by which Muralov was temporarily appointed commissar of the Moscow Military District with the rights of a commander. By order of the military department of November 14 (27), 1917, signed by Lenin, soldier Muralov was confirmed as commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District. He commanded the district until February 1919, and then from March 1921 to April 1924.
“Muralov is a magnificent giant, whose fearlessness is balanced by generous kindness.<...>An agronomist by training, a soldier of an automobile company during the imperialist war, the leader of the October battles in Moscow, Muralov became the first commander of the Moscow Military District after the victory. He was a fearless marshal of the revolutionary war, always even, simple, without posture. During his campaigns he carried out tireless propaganda: he gave agronomic advice, mowed bread and treated people and cows in between. In the most difficult conditions, calm, confidence and warmth radiated from him.”, - wrote L.D. Trotsky.
A military leader who did not forget about his agricultural education in 1919-1920. was a member of the Revolutionary Military Councils of several fronts, in 1920-1921. worked in the People's Commissariat of Agriculture in 1924-1925. commanded the troops of the North Caucasus Military District. In 1925-1927 he was the head of the naval inspection of the People's Commissariat of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate of the USSR and the rector of the Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev.