Man is a biosocial being. Man as a biosocial being Man is a biosocial being presentation
state budget educational
higher education institutions
"Orenburg State University"
(OSU University College)
Presentation
in social studies
on the topic of:
"Man as a biosocial being"
Performed:
Group: No. 18ZIO-1
Mironova M.
Teacher:
Ushakova O. A.
09/05/2018 Plan:
▪ Understanding the word man.
▪
▪ Man as a subject of biological and social
evolution.
▪ Man as a biosocial being.
▪ The main differences between humans and animals.
▪ Individual, individuality and personality.
▪ Conclusion. Understanding the word man.
MAN is a social being
possessing intelligence and consciousness,
as well as a subject of socio-historical activity
and culture. Originated on Earth in
result of evolutionary
process - anthropogenesis, details
which continues to be studied Versions of the origin of man.
General concepts
For a long time man has been the subject of study
sciences of spirit and nature. Between sociology
and natural science is still being conducted
dialogue about the problem of existence and exchange
information. At the moment, scientists
gave a person a specific definition.
This is a biosocial creature that
combines intelligence and instincts.
It should be noted that not one person in
the world is such a creature. Similar
the definition can be applied, with a stretch, to
some representatives of the fauna on
Earth. Versions of the origin of man.
Darwin's theory
Currently, there are different versions of the origin of man.
However, the most probable and closest to the truth is the theory
British scientist named Charles Darwin. It was he who contributed
invaluable contribution to biological science. His theory is based on
determining natural selection, which plays a driving role
forces of evolution. This is the natural scientific version of the origin
humans and all living things on the planet. The foundation of Darwin's theory
formed his observations of nature during his travels
around the world. Development of the project began in 1837, and lasted
more than 20 years. At the end of the 19th century, the Englishman was supported by another natural scientist, A. Wallace. Soon after his report in London he
admitted that it was Charles who inspired him. This is how it appeared
the whole movement is Darwinism. Darwin's theory Versions of the origin of man.
Intervention theory.
This version of the origin of man is based on activity
foreign civilizations. People are believed to be descendants
alien creatures that landed on Earth millions of years ago
back. Such a history of human origin has immediately
several junctions. According to some, people appeared as a result
interbreeding of aliens with progenitors. Others believe that
it's all due to genetic engineering of higher forms of intelligence, which
they brought homo sapiens out of the flask and their own DNA. Someone is sure that
humans arose as a result of the error of experiments on animals. WITH
on the other hand, a very interesting and probable version is about
alien intervention in the evolutionary development of homo
sapiens. It's no secret that archaeologists still find in various
corners of the planet numerous drawings, recordings and other
evidence that ancient people were helped by some
supernatural powers. Intervention theory Versions of the origin of man.
Theory of creation.
This branch was named
creationism. His followers deny
all major origin theories
person. It is believed that God created people
which is the highest level in the world.
Man was created in his image from
non-biological material. Biblical
version of the theory says that the first people
there were Adam and Eve. Their God created their clays. IN
Egypt and many other countries religion
goes deep into ancient myths.
The vast majority of skeptics
consider this theory impossible, assessing
its probability is in billionths
percent. Man as a subject of biological and social
evolution
The relationship between the spiritual and the physical, the biological
and social principles in man. Human existence
his activities and creativity. Purpose and meaning of life
a person, his life choices and lifestyle.
Self-realization of a person and his self-knowledge.
Personality, its self-realization and education.
Human inner world. Conscious and
unconscious. Behavior, freedom and
personal responsibility. Cognitive
human activity. Worldview as
a system of views on the world and man’s place in it.
Truth and its criteria. Scientific knowledge. Knowledge
and faith. The diversity of human forms
knowledge. Sciences about man and society. Social
and humanitarian knowledge. All this
preceded by a long evolutionary
development of the biological in man himself,
social and spiritual principles. Man as a biosocial being.
Man is essentially
biosocial being. He is part
nature and at the same time inextricably linked with
society. Biological and social in
person are fused together, and only in such
man exists in unity. Biological
human nature is his natural
prerequisite, condition of existence, and
Sociality is the essence of man. How
biological being human belongs
to higher mammals, forming a special
species Homo Sapiens. Biological nature
of a person is manifested in his anatomy,
physiology. As a biological species, man
has circulatory, muscular, nervous,
skeletal and other systems The main differences between humans and animals.
▪ Man creates his own environment,
transforming and changing the natural environment. Animal
can only adapt to conditions
nature.
▪ Human needs are constantly growing and
are changing. The animal's needs are almost nonexistent.
are changing.
▪ Man evolves according to biological and
socio-cultural programs. Behavior
animals obey only instincts.
▪ A person relates to his life activity
consciously. The animal is not conscious and
follows only instincts.
▪ Man creates material and spiritual products
culture, creates, creates. The animal is nothing new
creates and does not produce. Individual
Individual translated from Latin (individuum)
means "indivisible". This is specific
representative of humanity, human
an individual that has characteristic only
her psychological and biological
peculiarities. Thus, the individual is
specific person with his
characteristics given to him from birth,
individuality - more
psychological term than
biological – a set of skills (character,
skills, knowledge) acquired in the process
life activity. Individuality
Individuality -
set of characteristic
features and properties,
distinguishing one individual
from another; originality
psyche and personality of the individual,
originality, uniqueness. Personality
PERSONALITY – relatively
sustainable holistic
intelligent system,
moral-volitional and
socio-cultural qualities
person expressed in
individual
peculiarities of his consciousness and
activities. Conclusion
In the 20th century, it was proposed to create a unified science,
the subject of study of which could be all
natural and social properties and relationships
person. If such a science were created, then
possible option for defining its subject
study could be described like this:
“Man is a subject of the socio-historical process, development
material and spiritual culture on Earth,
biosocial being, genetically
associated with other life forms, but
stood out from them thanks to the ability
produce tools that have
articulate speech and consciousness,
moral qualities"
Differences between humans and animals They make tools and use them as a means of producing material goods They carry out conscious, purposeful creative activity They have a highly developed brain, thinking and speech They use only natural tools Their behavior is subject to instincts They do not have a highly developed brain and cannot speak
Human / animal needs AnimalsHuman Instincts + Consciousness Needs are not interconnected Needs are interconnected Genuine needs + Imaginary needs not only eats, but eats food prepared and served in a certain way only eats contribute to development lead to degradation
Pyramid of human needs (according to A. Maslow) Spiritual (self-realization, individuality...) Prestigious (respect, high status...) Social (communication, friendship, love...) Existential (security, safety...) Physiological (thirst, hunger, sleep, breathing... ) Primary, congenital Secondary, acquired
Creativity Creativity is the highest type of human activity, which gives birth to a completely new, never before existing Mechanisms of creative activity Imagination - the creation of a new image based on past experience Imagination - the creation of a new image based on past experience Fantasy - imagination, characterized by special strength, brightness and unusualness Intuition – knowledge, the conditions for obtaining which are not realized
Structure of the personality psyche According to Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939) I IT Super-ego the sphere of the unconscious, biological needs, repressed desires, consciousness that helps us contact the outside world, regulate our actions, cultural norms and values created by society and acting as a censor in behavior human libido mortido
Other elements of the psyche Habits are ways of automatic, unconscious satisfaction of needs acquired by a person. Motives are meaningful drivers of action. Temperament is the type of mental makeup of a person (sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic). Will is a person’s ability to do something even against desire, to overcome obstacles. Reason is the ability to reason, think about objects and connect them.
The most important personality qualities Consciousness and self-awareness The ability to successfully interact with other people Personal dignity The presence of beliefs and principles The ability to bear responsibility Self-determination Freedom (= “conscious necessity”) Self-recognition + self-image + self-esteem Benedict Spinoza () the ability to reproduce reality in ideal images
Socialization The process of influence on a person by society and its social structures childhood youth maturity old age agents of primary socialization: parents, relatives, friends secondary socialization: teachers, colleagues, leaders socialization institutions family, school, army, church + Adaptation - the process of getting used to new conditions of existence desocialization ? resocialization?
Deviant behavior This is behavior that does not comply with accepted norms and rules, as well as the expectations of society. Negative OP: causing harm to people (delinquency, crime, alcoholism, drug addiction...) Positive OP: getting ahead of the usual course of events, causing bewilderment in others (collecting bricks, etc. .) Reasons: 1) innate predisposition 2) unfavorable social environment 3) political, economic crises 4) conflict between the dominant culture and subculture
Are the following statements about deviant behavior correct? A. Deviant behavior implies a violation only of legal norms. B. Deviant behavior involves violation of written and unwritten norms. only A is true, only B is true, A and B are both false
Spiritual world of the individual spiritual needs for knowledge of the surrounding world, self-knowledge and self-expression knowledge about nature, society and man beliefs and faith in the truth of one’s beliefs ability for certain types of activities feelings and emotions goals values WORLDVIEW a person’s system of views on the world and one’s place in him
Types of worldview Ordinary (everyday): based on a person’s personal experience and makes little use of the experience of other people Religious: arises under the influence of religious teachings Scientific: based on the achievements of science, closely related to the social practice of people Humanistic: puts human rights and freedoms as the highest value
A type of worldview that includes generalized results of the achievements of human knowledge, the principles of the relationship between man and his environment: 1) humanistic worldview 2) religious worldview 3) scientific worldview 4) everyday worldview
Approaches to understanding the meaning of life Hedonistic: the pursuit of pleasure (Epicurus (BC)). Ascetic: suppression of drives and desires (Cynics, Diogenes (BC)). Humble-stoic: submission to necessity, fate (Stoics, Zeno (BC)). Religious: selfless service to God. Categorical-imperative: live in accordance with the moral law: “Act in such a way that the maxim of your will can always become the principle of universal legislation” (I. Kant). Effective-humanistic: a person must realize his inner potential.
“Man and the biosphere” - Lesson - conference “Man as an inhabitant of the biosphere.” Basic laws of ecology. Place a + sign in the circles that correspond to the correct answer. Preventing environmental pollution Preserving species diversity Introducing new species into ecosystems Reducing the number of predators into ecosystems.
“Ecology of the apartment” - It has been known since the time of Zarathustra: You should ventilate the room in the morning! The house we live in... Myrtle Asparagus. Bacteria are destroyed, which, mind you, makes life easier! Use better materials in decoration. Don’t chase fashion! Open all the windows for 20 minutes, then you won’t have to suffocate!
“Man is a part of nature” - Be grateful to every piece of land Where you have stepped forever. E. Blaginina. 1.Which of the following in terms of their consequences relates to an environmental crisis, and which to a catastrophe? But a person needs a homeland. I.S. Turgenev. The forest is beautiful at all times of the year. Don't pick the flowers, don't pick them! Law of the Russian Federation On Environmental Protection.
“Climate and Man” - Hippocrates. Adaptation is the process of adapting to changing environmental conditions. The influence of climate on humans. People of the north. Typhoons in Taiwan. ? Massive deforestation and reduction in the number of plankton. Indians. Before human exposure. Flood in Australia. Anomalies of nature. Snowfall in Beijing.
“Ecology and Man” - The structure of the natural environment. 2. Environmental management Lecture 1. Course subject – environmental management. The surrounding organic world is an integral part of the environment of every living creature. Environmental management. 7. Environmental management and social ecology. 4.
Slide 1
BIOSOCIAL NATURE OF HUMAN
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Slide 2
THE APPEARANCE OF MAN
Life appeared on Earth 3,500,000,000 (3.5 billion) years ago.
In the course of evolution, a unique flora and fauna have formed on our planet. It existed for ≈ 3,499,000,000 years.
Thus, if we imagine that life arose on January 1, then man appeared on December 30, that is, one day before the start of the next year!!!
Life in the Earth
Then man appeared - 1,000,000 years ago.
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Slide 3
THE PLACE OF HUMAN IN THE SYSTEM OF LIVING NATURE
Kingdom
Type
Subtype
Class
Squad
Family
Genus
View
Animals
Chordata
Vertebrates
Mammals
Primates
Apes
Human
Homo sapiens
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Slide 4
LIVING CONDITIONS OF PEOPLE
Habitat
Built environment
Environment (nature): Mountains, rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, forests, deserts, flora and fauna, etc.
Environment created by man: Agricultural land, gardens, parks, cities, transport, clothing, communications, technologies for obtaining products and products, etc.
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Slide 5
Based on the structure and arrangement of organs, humans belong to the class of mammals. General features: milk, sebaceous and sweat glands, body hair, specialized teeth (incisors, canines, premolars and molars),
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Slide 6
Similarities between humans and mammals.
four-chambered heart and left aortic arch, pulmonary breathing, the presence of a diaphragm, a highly developed brain, intrauterine development of the embryo, feeding the young with milk.
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Slide 7
Similarities between humans and mammals.
Links of tissue metabolism common with animals, Growth and individual development are similar, A single principle of storage and implementation of the genetic code
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Slide 8
Similarities between humans and mammals.
Maximum resemblance to representatives of the family of great apes or anthropoids: gorilla, chimpanzee, orangutan, gibbon. Common internal and external structure: a single structure plan of the upper and lower extremities, absence of a tail, similar ears, presence of nails on the fingers.
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Slide 9
Similarities between humans and mammals.
Humans and gorilla share 385 morphological characteristics. Humans and chimpanzees have 369, humans and orangutans have 359, gibbons and lower apes have 113-117 common characteristics with humans.
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Slide 10
FEATURES OF THE SPECIES – Homo Sapiens
The brain part of the skull is larger than the facial part
Canines approximately equal to incisors
Developed chin protuberance
These changes are due to the development of the brain and speech.
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Slide 11
The attachment of the skull to the spine almost coincides with the center of gravity of the head
The chest is flattened
The bones of the pelvis and lower extremities are massive
The foot forms an arch
The bones of the palm are mobile, the thumb is opposed to the rest
The toes are shortened, the big toe is not opposed to the rest
These changes are due to upright posture and the development of work activity.
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Slide 12
The main differences between humans and animals
A person has thinking and articulate speech. A person is capable of conscious, purposeful creative activity. A person, in the process of his activity, transforms the surrounding reality, creates the material and spiritual benefits and values he needs. Man is capable of making tools and using them as a means of producing material goods. A person reproduces not only his biological, but also his social essence and therefore must satisfy not only his material, but also his spiritual needs.
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Slide 13
Sociogenesis.
Sociogenesis is the formation of social forms of life in the form of a clan, and then a clan tribal organization. Stages: Human herd, Tribal community, Neighborhood community.
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Slide 14
Culturogenesis
Culturogenesis: the formation of culture in primitive society. Characteristic features of primitive culture: Syncretism as the main characteristic of primitive culture. Formation of cultural values. The initial unity of material and spiritual activities and their subsequent separation. Evolution of material culture. The formation of primitive beliefs and their significance in people's lives. The birth of morality. Evolution, main types and functions of primitive art.
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Slide 15
Slide 19
Environmental Medical Social
Problems
The formation of biological characteristics of the species Homo sapiens
Natural selection
Speech Thinking Work activity
Strengthening social connections
Necessary conditions for the life of a modern person
Creation of an artificial environment
Clothing Housing Medicine Industrial products
Benefits
Summarize:
Know the structure and functioning of the human body; Conditions for maintaining health; Features of higher nervous activity; Human interaction with the environment; Patterns of development of society.
To solve problems you need:
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Lesson objectives:
1. Educational - to reveal the social and biological essence of man, to show his differences from animals.
2.Developing - developing the skills of logical thinking, analysis, and the ability to draw conclusions.
3. Educational - to form in students a sense of awareness of their role on Earth.
Lesson Plan
2. Formation of a modern person
3. Biosocial essence of man
4. Differences between humans and animals
5.Repetition of the material studied
1.Theories of the origin of man on earth
Scientists believe that not a single living creature on the planet has changed so much during this time.
Only man could transform himself and transform the world around him
Biological
Belongs to the highest
mammals.
The biological in a person is what is given to him by nature - physical characteristics (age, gender, weight, appearance).
A person is born, grows, matures, grows old and dies.
Social
Man is inextricably linked with society. A person becomes a person only by entering into social relations.
Social skills are acquired by him in the process of living in society: speech, thinking, cultural skills, communication skills
Possesses thinking and articulate speech
Capable of conscious, purposeful creative activity
Produces its own environment (dwellings, tools, etc.)
Changes the world around us not only according to needs, but also according to the laws of morality and beauty
Can act according to his own will, imagination and choice
Capable of actions that do not bring him “benefit” (altruism, self-sacrifice)
Repetition of learned material
1. The sign that distinguishes a person from an animal is
1) Showing activity
2) goal setting
3) adaptation to the environment
4)interaction with the outside world
1)I.I. Mechnikov
2)I.P. Pavlov
3)H. Darwin
4) F. Cuvier
3. Which of the following features is characteristic of humans and absent in animals?
1) metabolic processes
2) creative activity
3) the work of the senses
4) food needs
4. Find in the list provided human properties of a social nature.
1) Ability for joint transformative activities
2)Striving for self-realization
3) Ability to adapt to natural conditions
4) Stable views on the world and your place in it
5) Need for water, food, rest
5. Name at least three features of the human body that form the biological basis of human activity as a social being.