Do you know that our troops took Berlin three times?! 1760 - 1813 - 1945.

Not even plunging into the depths of the centuries when Prussians and Russa sang, prayed and swear on the same (or very similar) language, we find that in the campaign of 1760, during the seven-year-old war (1756-1763), the Commander-in-Chief of the General Feldmarshal Peter Semenovich Saltykov captured Berlin, in those days just the capital of Prussia.

Austria just quarreled with this northern neighbor and called for the help of the powerful neighbor of East - Russia. When Austrians were friends with Prussians, they fought together with Russians.

It was the time of the gallant kings of the conquerors, the heroic image of Karl Xii has not yet forgotten, and he has already tried to surpass Friedrich II. And he, like Karl, was not always lucky ... For a hike to Berlin, only 23 thousand people took: the Chernyshev General Zakhare General Chernyshev, the Chernyshev's attached Don Cossacks, Connection of Totleben and the Allies of Austrians under the beginning of General Lassi.

Berlin garrison, numbering 14 thousand bayonets, was protected by the natural border of the river spree (Schpree), a shock, flushes and panelies. But, not counting on his wards, the commander of the city decided to immediately "make legs" and, if there were no warlike chiefs from Levald, Zeidlitz and Knobloch, battle would not have happened at all.

Our tried to crush through the spree, but the Prussians were forced by the water bullshit, did not come out of the course to seize the bridgehead for the assault. But soon the persistence of the attackers was rewarded: three hundred Russian grenadiers - the famous masters of the bayonet combat broke into the Gali and Cottuch gates. But, without receiving a reinforcement on time, they lost 92 people killed and had to retreat from the Berlin Wall. The second assault detachment, which was commanded by Major Petkul, retreated at all without loss.

The troops and the other side were flown to the Berlin Wall: Shelves Chernyshev and Prince Virginberg. Prussian Kirassira General Gulsen - Armored Arms of the Eighteenth Age - wanted to perform from Potsdam, crush Russians near Lichtenberg. Ours met their shrapnel volunteers of equestrian artillery - the prototype of Katyush. Do not expect anything like this, heavy cavalry trembled and was overturned by Russian hussars with kirassira.

The morale of the troops was very high. This factor was valued in those times when they fought solely in the fresh air. The division of General Panin, Dumping in two days 75 of the verst with one finances on the backs and without ammunition and the accessories was fully from the generals to ordinary wishes "this attack an exempluous way to spend."

It is difficult to say that it would be with the Berlin garrison, but even the most militant of Prussian generals decided not to risk and under the cover of the night were evacuated from the capital. They chose less than others ripped into battle and surrendered to him. Without consulting Chernyshev, Totleben passed the surrender, I missed Prussians through his position. Interestingly, this is not unconditional from the Russian side, but the passagon, Brink and Bachman, was fully acceptable for the Germans. With German - negotiations were the Lord Wigner with Bakhman - our namesake.

It can be imagined that I felt the head of Chernyshev, learning that Prussians "Capitulin" and he was deprived of Valiant Victoria. He rushed into pursuit of slowly and culturally retreating enemy columns and began to crumble their slender rows in the cabbage.

Behind Treadmore was established in the unklady supervision and soon received irrefutable evidence that he was associated with the enemy. They wanted to shoot a high-ranking two-handed room, but Catherine regretted Frederick Totleben. His own people. The surname of Totlebenov in Russia was not interrupted, during the Crimean war, the Military engineer Totleben built excellent fortifications around Sevastopol.

Assault on Benkendorf

The next Berlin operation happened when the Russian chasters from under the walls of Moscow-Pogorelians Military Napoleon. Since the Patriotic War of 1812, we were not called Great, but in the capital of Prussia the Russians nevertheless visited.

Commanded by the Berlin Destination in the campaign of 1813 Lieutenant General Peter Christianovich Wittgenstein, but without the name Chernyshev and there was no reason: Cossacks-partisans under the command of Major General Prince Alexander Ivanovich Chernyshev made a raid on Berlin, defeated by French troops under the start of Marshal Ozoreo.

A few words about storming. At one time, military historians made the average portrait of the officer of the participant of the Borodino battle. He turned out to be this: age - thirty-one, not married, as it is difficult to feed the family for one salary, in the army - more than ten years, the participant of four battles knows two European languages, read and write does not know how.

In the forefront of the main troops, Alexander Benkendorf was the future gendarmers boss, the oppressed of the free-sisted writers. He did not know then and hardly thought about it later, that only thanks to the writers would continue in the memory of the people of a peaceful life and battles.

Unpretentious Russian chases of the "cultural" enemy with indecentity for the last speed. Berlin's garrison per thousand people exceeded the number of sample garrison of 1760, but the French even less desired to defend the capital of Prussia. They retreated to Leipzig, where Napoleon tightened his troops for the decisive battle. Berliners opened the gate, the citizens were welcomed by Russian liberators. http://vk.com/rus_improvization Their actions contradicted the French Convention, concluded by them with the Berlin Police, obligated to inform Russian about the reitirade of the enemy - no earlier than ten o'clock in the morning of the next day after the retreat.

The campaign of the thirteenth year was their 9th. We will quote again "Letters of the Russian officer" F.N.Glinka:

"On May 9, we had a common big battle, about which you will read a detailed description in the newspapers and then in the journal about the actions of a big army, when it is composed. I do not extend even in the description of the excellent actions covered myself in this day. The flank who commanded the commander Count Miloradovich ... At the beginning of the case, Count Miloradovich, circling the shelves, spoke to the soldiers: Remember that you are fighting on the day of St. Nicholas! This ward of God has always granted Russian victories and now looks at you from heaven! .. "

Victory Banner in Female Hands

Almost in the spring of 1945, many in the warring armies knew that the Russians under Berlin were already. But since they acted there quite in business, it comes to the idea that the genetic memory of generations still exists.

Allies as they could have hurried to "Berlin Pie", against their powerful eighty divisions on the western front of the Germans there were only sixty Germans. But it was not possible to participate in the allies to take "Logov", the Red Army surrounded him and took on their own.

The operation began with the fact that thirty-two intelligence detachments were sent to the city. Then, when the operational situation was more or less clarified, the guns were stamped, 7 million shells struck the enemy. "From the opponent's side, in the first seconds, several machine-gun queues swung in the first seconds, and then everything was amended. It seemed that the enemy had no living being left," he wrote one of the battle participants.

But only seemed. Evils in deep-energized defense, the Germans resisted stubbornly. Eselovskaya heights were especially difficult, Zhukov promised Stalin to seize them on April 17, took only the 18th. It did not cost without mistakes, after the war, criticism agreed that it would be better to storm the city with a narrower front, perhaps one reinforced Belarusian.

But be that as it may, by April 20, long-range artillery began to fill the city. In four days, the Red Army broke into the suburbs. It was not so difficult to go through, here the Germans did not prepare, but in the old part of the city the opponent came again and began to resist desperately.

When the Red Army women were on the shore of the spree, the Soviet command was already appointed the commandant of the dilapidated Reichstag, and the battle was all walking. We must pay tribute to the selected SEOs units who fought truly to the last ...

And soon the banner of the colors of the winner was swayed over the Reichskancelius. Many know about Egorov and Kantaria, but for some reason they did not write about the one who raised the banner over the last stronghold of the resisting fascism - the imperial office, and the woman was the instructor of the 9th Rifle Corps Anna Vladimirovna Nikulina.

This day in history:

Episode of the seven-year war. The capture of the city happened due to the delivery of the city by the Russian and the Austrian troops of the commandant Hans Friedrich von Rokhov, striving to avoid the destruction of the Prussian capital. The capture of the city was preceded by a military operation of Russian and the Austrian troops.

Prehistory.

Intensification of Prussia, headed by the King Friedrich II, who hasnden to ambitious conquering plans in Central and Eastern Europe, led to a seven-year war. In this conflict, Prussia and England opposed Austria, France, Sweden and Russia. For the Russian Empire, it was the first active participation in a large pan-European conflict. Having entered into Eastern Prussia, the Russian troops occupied a number of cities and caused a 40-thousand Prussian army defeat in the town of Gross-Jersdorf near Königsberg. In the battle at Cunesdorf (1759), Feldmarshal forces P. S. Saltykova defeated the army under the command of the Prussian king himself. It put Berlin at risk of taking.

The vulnerability of the capital of Prussia became apparent in October 1757, when the Austrian Corps of General A. Khadik burst into a suburb of Berlin and captured him, right, then I preferred to retreat, forced the magistrate to pay the contribution. After the battle at Cunesdorf, Friedrich II expected the capture of Berlin. Antiprussian forces had a significant numerical superiority, but despite this, almost the entire campaign of 1760 had been unsuccessfully. On August 15, the Prussian troops caused a serious lesion at the lignic. All this time, however, Berlin continued to remain unprotected, and the French side proposed the Allies to make a new raid on the city. The Austrian Commander of L. Ye. Dowan agreed to support Russian troops with an auxiliary corps of General F. M. von Lassi.

Russian Commander P. S. Saltykov prescribed General G. Toteleben, who stood at the head of the avant-garde of the Russian building Z. G. Chernysheva (20 thousand soldiers), completely destroy all the royal institutions and such important objects as arsenal, foundry, powder Mills, cloth manufactory. In addition, it was assumed that a large contribution will be taken from Berlin. In case the magistrate does not have enough cash, Totleben was allowed to receive bills guaranteed by hostages.

Beginning of the Berlin Expedition

On September 16, 1760, Tobleben and Chernysheva Corps performed on Berlin. October 2 Totleben arrived in Worcesterhausen. There he learned that in the garrison of the capital of the enemy there are only 1,200 people - three infantry battalion and two hussar squadrons - but the General Johann Dietrich von Hyulsen from Trading and Prince Friedrich Evgeny Vürttemberg from the north are coming to the revenue. Totleben did not refuse a sudden assault and asked Chernysheva to cover it from the rear.

From the point of view of fortification, Berlin was an almost open city. It was located on two islands, obscured by a wall with bastions. Rips for them were the sleeves of the river spree. The submissions on the right shore looked from the earthen shaft, and on the left - the stone wall. Of the ten city gates, flashy - stupid field fortifications - only alone were protected. The population of Berlin at the time of the Russian occupation was, according to historian A. Rambamo, about 120 thousand inhabitants.

The head of the Berlin garrison, General Rohov, whose forces were inferior to the enemy and quantitatively, and qualitatively, thought about leaving the city, but under the pressure of the retired military leaders who were in Berlin decided to resist. He ordered to build flushes before the gates of urban offensive and posted a cannon there. In the walls were broken by loopholes, and crossing through the spree - they are taken under protection. In Torgau, couriers with a request for help were sent to General Hyulzenu and at Temples to Prince Württemberg. Preparation for siege provoked panic among citizens. Some rich Berliners fled to Magdeburg and Hamburg with values, others hid the property.

Assault Explain Berlin

On the morning of October 3, Totleben went to Berlin. By 11 o'clock, his part occupied the heights opposite the Cottubussian and Gallic gates. The Russian commander sent to General Rohov Lieutenant Chernysheva demanding to surrender and, having received a refusal, began to prepare for the bombing of the city and the storm of the gate. At 2 o'clock, the Russian troops opened fire, but due to the lack of haubs of a large caliber neither pierce the city wall, nor cause fires failed. Only watered nuclei helps to provoke fire. Berlin defenders responded to cannon flames.

At 9 o'clock in the evening, Tobleben decided to simultaneously storm the gate of both people accelerate. The prince of Transorovsky with three hundreds of Grenador and two cannons was prescribed to attack the Gallic gates, Major Pcquer with the same forces - Cottuch. At midnight, Russian parts moved into the attack. Both attempts were not crowned with success: the patcule did not manage to take the gate at all, and the prozorovsky, although she achieved the goal, but did not receive support and to dawn was forced to retreat. After that, Tobleben resumed a bombardment that lasted until the morning of the next day: Russian guns released 655 shells, including 567 bombs. Day October 4, the avant-garde of Prince Württemberg's forces arrived in Berlin, who had seven squadrons; The rest, infantry parts, also approached the city. Totleben took most of his forces to the village of Köpenik, and by morning, under the onslaught of Prussic reinforcements, the remaining Russian divisions left the approach to Berlin.

In the failure of his plan, Totleben accused Chernyshov, who simply did not have the opportunity to arrive in the vicinity of Berlin earlier on October 5. Chernyshev, on October 3, took Fürstenwald, and the next day he received a request for help, guns and shells from Totleben. On the evening of October 5, the strength of two generals joined Köpenik, Chernyshev took over the general command. All day on October 6, they expected the arrival of the Panin Division. Prince Württemberg, meanwhile, ordered General Hulzen to accelerate the movement towards Berlin through Potsdam.

On October 7, Chernyshev received a team of Panin, who arrived in Fürstenwald and then followed in the direction of Berlin. The warlord decided to attack the forces of Prince Württemberg and, if successful to storm the eastern suburb of the city. Totleben was instructed to organize a distracting maneuver, but he was not satisfied with this role and on the same day resumed the storm in Western people. Having forced the troops of Prince Württemberg to hide behind the walls of Berlin, Totleba attacked the part of Hyulsen parted from Potsdam, but was discarded. At this time, on the outskirts of Berlin appeared, on the one hand, the enemy avant-garde of Kleist, and on the other - the Union Corps of the Austrian General Lassi. Not wanting to wait for the help of Austrians, Totleben attacked the brastic. The Russian parts suffered large losses, and the outcome of the battle was solved by the intervention of the Lassi body. It caused the annoyance of Totleba, who did not want to share with the Austrian commander, the fan of the conqueror of Berlin, and the general returned to his position before the gate. As a result, Hyulsen Corps has been able to enter Berlin in the evening. Chernyshev, at the same time the spree acting on the right bank, managed to take the heights of Lichtenberg and start the artillery shelling of Prussakov, forcing them to hide them in the eastern suburb.

On October 8, Chernyshev planned to attack Prince Württemberg and storm the eastern suburb, but the arrival of the body of the brastic broke this idea: the number of Prussian parts increased to 14 thousand people, and at the same time they were more mobile than the forces of the allies. The latter numbered about 34 thousand (almost 20 thousand Russians and 14 thousand Austrians and Saxons, but were divided by the river, while Berlin defenders could easily transfer troops from one shore to another.

Negotiations and capitulation

While Chernyshev planned further actions of the Allied Troops, Totleben without his knowledge decided to join the opponent in negotiations on the surrender. He did not know that in Berlin, an appropriate decision was made on the military council. Fearing the destruction of the city during the assault, Prussian military leaders decided that the troops of Claysta, Hulzen and Prince Württemberg on the night of October 9 would retreat to Schallottenburg, and Rochs, meanwhile, will begin negotiations on the surrender, which will be concerned only by his garrison. Totleben sent Rokhov a new requirement for the city's delivery and to the hour of the night received a refusal. This led the Russian general in bewilderment, but at three o'clock the Prussian representatives themselves appeared at the Cottubussian gates with proposals from Rokhov. By this time, reinforcements were already out of Berlin. At four o'clock in the morning, the head of the garrison signed the capitulation. Together with soldiers and military property, he gave a captive. At five o'clock in the morning, the Russian troops took the civil surrender. On the eve of the citizens who gathered in the town hall were discussed, before whom to capitulate, Austrians or Russians. The merchant Gottskovsky, the old buddy Totleben, convinced everyone in the preference of the second option. At first, Totleben demanded an astronomical amount as an end to the end - 4 million talers. But in the end he persuaded him to give up to 500 thousand cash and one million bills under the guarantee of hostages. Gottskovsky promised the town hall to achieve even more contraction reduction. Totleben guaranteed the citizenship of security, inviolability of private property, freedom of correspondence and trade and exemption from standing.

The joy about the capture of Berlin in the allied troops was overshadowed by the act of Totleben: the Austrians outraged the fact that in the battles under Berlin the Russians actually took them the role of the audience; Saxons - too favorable conditions for surrender (they expected to avenge Friedrich II cruelty in Saxony). Neither the solemn entry of troops in the city, no thanks to the gratisan. Russian soldiers conflicted with Austrians and Saxons, which undermined the discipline in the Allied troops. Berlin almost did not suffer from robbery and ruin: only royal institutions were looted, and then not to the ground. The idea of \u200b\u200bLassi blows up Arsenal Totleben opposed, motivating this reluctance to cause the city the damage.

Results and consequences

The capture of the Prussian capital produced a large resonance in Europe. Voltaire wrote I. Shuvalov that the emergence of Russians in Berlin "produces a much greater impression than all metastasio operas." Allied yards and envoys brought congratulations to Elizabeth Petrovna. Friedrich II, which suffered heavy material losses as a result of Berlin's ruin, was irritated and humiliated. Count Totleben presented to the Order of Alexander Nevsky and the rank of a lieutenant General, but as a result, he only noted his success with a diploma for executed debt. This was the promotion of the warlord to publish a "relative" about the capture of Berlin with the exaggeration of his own contribution to the success of the operation and unflattering reviews to Chernyshev and Lassi.

The occupation of the capital of Prussia by Russians and Austrians lasted only four days: having received information about the approach to Berlin, Friedrich II, allies, who were not sufficient to hold the city by the city, left Berlin. Leaving the opponent of the capital allowed Friedrich to turn troops to Saxony.

The real threat to the seizure of the Prussian capital by Russians and their allies continued to maintain until the end of 1761, when, after the death of Elizabeth Petrovna, Peter III climbed into Russian throne. The so-called "miracle of the Brandenburg House" occurred - the welling in Russia of a large fan of Friedrich II saved Prussia from defeat. The new monarch radically changed the vector of Russian foreign policy, concluding the world with Prussia, without any compensation returning all the conquered territories and even concluding the Union with the former opponent. In 1762, Peter was overthrown as a result of a palace coup, but his spouse and the succession of Catherine II retained a neutral position in relation to Prussia. Following Russia, the War with Prussia stopped Sweden. This allowed Friedrich to resume the offension in Saxony and Silesia. Austria did not have anything, as too, to go for a peace agreement. The world, signed in 1763 in the Castle of Governorsburg, secured the return to the pre-war status quo.

Copy of other people's materials

The final battle in the Great Patriotic War was the battle for Berlin, or the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation, which was held from April 16 to May 8, 1945

On April 16, at 3 o'clock local time, aviation and artillery training began at the site of the 1st Belorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts. After its completion, 143 spotlights were included to blind the enemy, and infantry supported in the attack, supported by tanks. Without meeting strong resistance, she has advanced by 1.5-2 kilometers. However, the further our troops advanced, the stronger the opponent's resistance increased.

The troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front carried out a rapid maneuver at the exit to Berlin from the South and the West. On April 25, the troops of the 1st Ukrainian and 1st Belarusian fronts were connected by West Berlin, completing the surroundings of the entire Berlin enemy grouping.

The elimination of the Berlin group of the enemy directly in the city continued until May 2. The storm had to take each street and house. On April 29, battles began for Reichstag, mastering which was entrusted to 79 Rifle Corps of the 3rd Shock Army of the 1st Belarusian Front.

Before the assault on the Reichstag, the military council of the 3rd strike army presented with its divisions nine red banners, specially made according to the type of the USSR State Flag. One of these red banners, known under No. 5 as a banner of victory, was transferred to the 150th Rifle Division. Similar homemade red banners, flags and flags were in all advanced parts, connections and divisions. They, as a rule, were awarded to assault groups that were completed from the number of volunteers and went into battle with the main task - to break through to Reichstag and establish a banner of victory on it. The first - at 22 30 minutes in Moscow time on April 30, 1945, watered the assault red banner on the rooftop rooftop on the sculptural figure "Goddess Victory" Artillery officers-intelligence officers of the 136th Army Cannon Artillery Brigade Senior Sergeants G.K. Zagitov, A.F. Lisimenko, A.P. Bobrov and Sergeant A.P. Minin from the Assault Group of the 79th Rifle Corps, which was commanded by Captain V.N. Poppy, assault group of artillery officers acted together with the battalion of Captain S.A. Neset. Two or three hours, also on the roichstag roof on the sculpture of the equestrian knight - Kaiser Wilhelm - according to the orders of the commander of the 756th rifle regiment of the 150th rifle division of Colonel F.M. Zinchenko established the Red Banner No. 5, which was then famous as a victory banner. Red Banner No. 5 Water Intelligents Sergeant M.A. Egorov and Jr. Sergeant M.V. Cantarians who were accompanied by Lieutenant A.P. Best and car guns from the company Senior Sergeant I.Ya. Congues.

Fights for Reichstag continued until morning on May 1. At 6:30 am, on May 2, the head of the Defense of Berlin, General of Artillery, Vaidling, surrendered and ordered the remnants of the troops of the Berlin garrison about the cessation of resistance. In the middle of the day, the resistance of the Nazis in the city stopped. This day, surrounded groups of German troops southeast of Berlin were eliminated.

May 9 at 0:43 am Moscow time General Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, as well as representatives of the German Navy, who had the appropriate authority from Denitians, in the presence of Marshal G.K. Zhukov from the Soviet side signed the act of unconditional surrender of Germany. A brilliantly conducted surgery with the courage of Soviet soldiers and officers who fought for the cessation of a four-year nightmare of war led to a natural outcome: victory.

Taking Berlin. 1945 year. Documentary

Battle's move

The Berlin Operation of Soviet troops began. Purpose: complete the defeat of Germany, to master Berlin, connect with the allies

The infantry and tanks of the 1st Belorussian front began the attack before dawn when illuminating anti-aircraft spotlights and advanced by 1.5-2 km

With the onset of dawn at the Zeel's heights, the Germans came to themselves and fight with fierce. Zhukov introduces tank armies into battle

Apr 16 45g. The troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front Konev meet on the path of their occurrence, less resistance and approach Neisse

Commander 1 Ukrainian front Koney orders the commander of his tank armies fishing and lebulushenko to adopt Berlin

Konev demands from fishing and lelushenko not to get involved in protracted and frontal fights, bolder to move forward to Berlin

In battles, Berlin died twice the hero of the Soviet Union, the commander of the Tank Battalion of the GW. Mr. S. Chokhryakov

To the Berlin Operation, covering the right flank, joined the 2nd Belarusian Front Rokossovsky

To the outcome of the day, the front Konev completed the breakthrough of the Neissensky line of defense, forced r. Spree and provided conditions for the environment of Berlin from the south

Troops 1 Belarusian Front Jukov break the 3rd strip of enemy defense to Oder - on Zeelian altitudes

To the outcome of the day, Zhukov's troops completed a breakthrough of the 3rd strip of Odsesky turn on Zeelian heights

On the left wing of the front of Zhukov, the conditions for cutting with the Frankfurt-Gajnaya Group of the enemy from the Berlin region

The directive of the TBC betting commander of the 1st Belorussky and the 1st Ukrainian fronts: "Contact the Germans better." , Antonov

Another betting directive: about identifying signs and signals at the meeting of Soviet armies and allies troops

At 13.50, the long-range artillery of the 79 rifle corps of the 3rd shock army was opened by the fire on Berlin - the beginning of the storm of the city itself

20 Apr. 45g. Konev and Zhukov send the troops of their fronts almost the same orders: "First break in Berlin!"

By evening, the compounds of 2 Guards Tank, 3 and 5 shock armies of the 1st Belarusian front went to the northeast margin of Berlin

The 8th Guards and 1st Guards Tank Army wedged into the urban defensive distribution of Berlin in Rainakh Petershagen and Erkner

Hitler ordered to turn the 12th army, previously targeted against the Americans, against the 1st Ukrainian Front. It now has a goal to connect with the remains of the 9th and 4th tank armies that make the south of Berlin to the West.

3 Guards Tank Army Fishing broke into the southern part of Berlin and by 17.30 leads a fight for the Telts - Koney Stalin telegram

Hitler last refused to leave Berlin, while there was such an opportunity. Gebbels, together with his family, moved to the bunker near Reichancelyriage ("Fuhrera Bunker")

The assault flags were awarded the Covenants of the 3rd Shock Army by Divisions, storming Berlin. Among them, the flag, which has become a victory banner - the assault flag 150 of the rifle division

In Rayna, Spröbberg, Soviet troops eliminated the surrounded group of Germans. Among the destroyed parts, the Tank Division "Protection of Führera"

The troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front are fighting in the south of Berlin. At the same time, they went to R. Elba North-West Dresden

Goering, who left Berlin, turned to Hitler on the radio, asking for him to approve him at the head of government. He received the order of Hitler, removing him from the government. Borman ordered to arrest Gering for state treason

Himmler is unsuccessfully trying through the Swedish diplomat Bernadott to offer allies of surrender on the Western Front

Shock connections 1 Belarusian and 1 Ukrainian fronts in the district of Brandenburg closed the ring of the environment of German troops in Berlin

The forces of the German 9th and 4th tank. The armies are surrounded in the forests southeast of Berlin. Part 1 of the Ukrainian Front reflect Conrtudar 12th German Army

Report: "In the suburbs of Berlin, Ransdorf work restaurants, where" willingly produce selling "beer to our fighters for occupation brands." Head of the Political Tale of the 28th Guard of the Rifle Regiment Borodin ordered the owners of Ransdorf restaurants to close them for a while until the battle end

In the area of \u200b\u200bTorgaau on Elbe Soviet troops 1 Ukrainian FR. Meets with the troops of the 12th American Army Group General Bradley

Forking the spree, troops 1 of the Ukrainian front of Konev and the troops of the 1st Belarusian Front Zhukov rushes towards the center of Berlin. Gusting of Soviet soldiers in Berlin is no longer stopped

The troops of the 1st Belarusian Front in Berlin took Hardstadt and the Gerlitsky station, the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front - Rd Dax

Koney appealed to Zhukov with a proposal to change the strokes between their fronts in Berlin - the city center transfer it to the front

Zhukov asks Stalin to give the honor of taking the center of Berlin to the troops of his front, changed the troops of Konev in the south

General Staff orders Konev's troops, which have already reached Tirgarten, transfer their head of the onset of the troops of Zhukov

Order No. 1 of the Military Commandant Berlin Hero of the Soviet Union General Colonel-General Berzarin on the transition of all the completeness of power in Berlin in the hands of the Soviet Military Community. The population of the city was announced that the National Socialist Party of Germany and its organization dismissed and their activities are prohibited. The order established the procedure for the behavior of the population and determined the basic provisions necessary for the normalization of life in the city.

Fights began for Reichstag, mastering which was assigned to the 79th Rifle Corps of the 3rd Shock Army of the 1st Belorussian Front

When breaking out of barrings on the Berlin Kaiserallee Tank N.Shdrikova received 2 holes, caught fire, the crew fell out. The deadly wounded commander, collecting the last forces, got behind the control levers and threw a burning tank on an enemy gun

Hitler's marriage with Eva Brown in a bunker near Reichskancelia. Witness - Goebbels. In his massive testament, Hitler excluded Goering from NSDAP and officially called his successor to Gross Admiral Mennie

Soviet divisions are fighting for the Berlin Metro

The Soviet command rejected the attempted German command to start negotiations on time. cessation of fire. The requirement is one - the capitulation!

Began to the assault on the building of the Reichstag, which was defended by more than 1000 Germans and SSEs from different countries

In different places of the Reichstag, several red banners were fixed - from regimental and division to homemade

Intelligents of the 150th division Egorov and Cantaria about midnight ordered to hoist red banner over Reichstag

Lieutenant Beresta from the Battalion of Neztasesen headed the fighting task for installing a banner over Reichstag. Installed about 3.00, May 1

Hitler committed suicide in the Reichanceland Bunker, taking poison and shooting a pistol in a temple. Hitler's corpse burned in the yard of Reichskancelary

The post of Reichskanzler Hitler leaves Goebbels, who will end with him the next day. Before the death of Hitler appointed Bormanna ReichSministrome on the Party Affairs (there was no such post)

Troops of the 1st Belorussian Front mastered the Bandenburg, in Berlin cleared the regions of Charlottenburg, Shengherg and 100 quarters

In Berlin, Goebbels and his wife Magda, pre-commit his 6 children

In Berlin Army headquarters in Berlin arrived. it. General Staff Krebs, reported on Hitler's suicide, proposed to conclude a truce. Stalin confirmed the categorical requirement of unconditional surrender in Berlin. At 18 o'clock the Germans rejected him

At 18.30, in connection with the deviation of the capitulation in the Berlin garrison, a fire blow was applied. The massive passing of Germans has started

At 01.00, the wages of the 1st Belorussian Front received a message in Russian: "Please stop the fire. We send parliamentary to Potsdam Bridge »

The German officer on behalf of the defendant of the Defense Berlin Weident reported on the readiness of the Berlinsky garrison to stop resistance

At 6.00, General Vaidling surrendered to captivity and after an hour he signed an order to surrender the Berlin garrison

The resistance of the enemy in Berlin completely stopped. The remnants of the garrison massively give up

In Berlin, the deputy head of Goebbels in propaganda and press - Dr. Friece. Frice at the interrogation showed that Hitler, Goebbels and Head of General Staff General Krebs committed suicide

The order of Stalin on the contribution of Fronts of Zhukov and Konev in the defeat of the Berlin grouping. By 21.00, 70 thousand Germans surrendered

The irrevocable losses of the Red Army in the Berlin operation - 78 thousand people. Enemy loss - 1 million, incl. 150 thousand killed

Everywhere in Berlin, Soviet field kitchens are deployed, who have "wild barbarians" feed hungry berliners

How did the Russian army first took Berlin

Berlin's taking by Soviet troops in 1945 delivered a victorious point in the Great Patriotic War. Red flag over Reichstag even decades later remains the most striking victory symbol. But the Soviet soldiers who went to Berlin were not pioneers. For the first time, their ancestors entered the streets of the capitulus of the German capital in two centuries before ...

The seven-year-old war began in 1756 became the first full-scale European conflict, which was drawn by Russia.

The rapid strengthening of Prussia under the rule of the warlike king of Friedrich II was conquered by the Russian Empress Elizaven Petrovna and made her join the anti-coalition of Austria and France.

Friedrich II, not inclined to diplomacy, called this coalition by the "Union of Three Bab", meaning Elizabeth, Austrian Empress Maria Teresia and the favorite of the French king Marquis de Pompadur.

War with Lucky

Russia's entry into war in 1757 was quite careful and indecisive.

The second reason According to which Russian military leaders did not seek to forcing events, the worsening state of the health of the Empress was a worsening state of health. It was known that the heir to the throne Petr Fedorovich is a hot fan of the Prussian king and the categorical opponent of the war with him.

Friedrich II Great

The first major battle of Russians with Prussians, which occurred at Gross-Jersdorf in 1757, to the great surprise of Friedrich II, ended with the victory of the Russian army.This success, however, was leveled by the fact that the Commander of the Russian Army General-Field Marshal Stepan Apraksin ordered to retreat after the victorious battle.

This step was explained by the news about the serious disease of the Empress, and Apraksin feared to nape the new emperor, who was about to enter the throne.

But Elizabeth Petrovna recovered, Apraksina was removed from office and sent to prison, where he soon and died.

Miracle for the king

The war continued, increasingly moving to the fight against exhaustion, which was unprofitable Prussia -the country's resources have significantly inferior to the reserves of the enemy, and even financial fan of allied England could not compensate for this difference.

In August 1759, in the Battle of Cunesdorf, the Allied Russian-Austrian forces of the Nedola broke the Army of Friedrich II.

Alexander Kotebu. "Cunesdorf Battle" (1848)

The state of the king was close to despair. "In truth, I believe that everything is lost. The death of my fatherland I will not survive. Goodbye forever",- wrote Friedrich to his minister.

The road to Berlin was open, but conflict arose between the Russians and Austrians, as a result of which the moment was missed for the capture of the Prussian capital and the end of the war. Frederick II, taking advantage of a sudden respite, managed to collect a new army and continue the war. The delay of the Allies, who saved him, he called the "miracle of the Brandenburg House."

All 1760, Friedrich II managed to resist superior allies forceswho prevented inconsistency. In the battle of Lignice, the Prussian was defeated by the Austrians.

Unfortunate assault

The French and Austrians, concerned about the situation, encouraged to intensify their actions to the Russian army. Berlin was proposed as a goal for her.

The capital of Prussia was not a powerful fortress. Weak walls passing into a wooden panelies - Prussian kings did not expect that they would have to fight in their own capital.

Friedrich himself was distracted by the struggle with the Austrian troops in Silesia, where he had excellent chances of success. Under these conditions, at the request of the allies, the Russian army was given a directive to hold a raid on Berlin.

A 20,000th Russian Corpus of the Zakhara Chernyshev Zakhara General, with the support of the 17-thousand Austrian Corps of Franz von Lassi, was supported to the Prussian capital.

Count Gottlob Kurt Heinrich Background Totleben

Russian avant-garde commanded Gottlob Tobleben, The neborn German, who has lived in Berlin for a long time and dreamed of the sole gluel of the conqueror of the Prussian capital.

Troops Totleben arrived to Berlin earlier. In Berlin, he was heard on whether to keep defense, however, under the influence of Friedrich Zeidlitz, the commander of the Cavalry of Friedrich, who took the treatment after injured, decided to give a fight.

The attempt of the first assault ended in failure. The fires started in the city after the shelling of the Russian army were quickly extinguished, from three attackers only one managed to break through directly to the city, but they had to retreat due to the desperate resistance to defending.

Victory with scandal

Following this, the Prussian Corps of Prince Evgenia Württemberg approached Berlin, which made Totleben retreat.

In the capital, Prussia was decorated early - the main forces of the Allies approached Berlin. General Chernyshev began to prepare a decisive assault.

On the evening of September 27, a military council was gathered in Berlin, on which a decision was made - in view of the complete superiority of the enemy, the city is to pass. At the same time, parliamentary was sent to the ambitious Totleben, believing that it would be easier to agree with the German, rather than with Russian or Austrian.

Totleben really went to meet the deposited, allowing the city's capitula to leave the city.

At that moment, Totleben was part of the city, he met with Lieutenant Colonel Rzhevsky, who arrived to negotiate with Berliners about the conditions of surrender on behalf of General Chernyshev. Totleben ordered the lieutenant colonel to transfer: he already took the city and received symbolic keys from him.

Chernyshev arrived in the city outside of herself from rage - the amateurness of Totleben, supported, as it turned out to be bribing from the authorities of Berlin, he was categorically not satisfied. The general gave an order to start the prosecution of the outgoing Prussian troops. The Russian cavalry caught upside down the part of the part and broke them.

"If Berlin is destined to be busy, then let it be Russians"

Berlin's population was terrified by the appearance of Russians, who were described as absolute savages, but, to the surprise of citizens, the soldiers of the Russian army were adequately, not learning the revenues against civilians. But the Austrians who had personal accounts with Prussians did not hold back - robbed at home, passersby on the streets, they threw everything, which could reach. It came to the point that the Russian patrols were able to cut the Allies with the help of weapons.

Stay of the Russian army in Berlin lasts six days. Fritrich II, having learned about the fall of the capital, immediately moved the army from Silesia to help the main city of the country. In the plans of Chernyshev, the battle with the main forces of the Prussian army was not - he fulfilled his task for the distraction of Friedrich. Collecting the trophies, the Russian army left the city.

Russians in Berlin. Engraving Daniel Khodoveksky.

King Prussia, receiving a report on the minimum destruction in the capital, noticed: "Thanks to the Russians, they saved Berlin from the horrors that the Austrians threatened with my capital."But these words of Friedrich were intended only for the nearest environment. Monarch, highly appreciated the power of propaganda, ordered to report the subjects of the monstrous crime of Russians in Berlin.

Maintain this myth, however, not everyone wanted. German scientist Leonid Euler so wrote in a letter to a friend about Russian raid on the Prussian capital: "We had a visit here, which in other circumstances would be extremely pleasant. However, I always wished that if the Berlin had ever been destined to be busy foreign troops, then let it be Russian ... "

That Friedrich salvation, then Peter - death

The care of the Russians from Berlin was pleasant for Friedrich a pleasant, but did not have a key value for the outcome of the war. By the end of the 1760, he completely lost opportunities for the qualitative replenishment of the army, driving in her rows of prisoners of war, which very often overwhelmed by the opponent. The army could not conduct offensive operations, and the king became increasingly thinking about renunciation from the throne.

The Russian army took the full control of Eastern Prussia, whose population already swore to the loyalty to Empress Elizabeth Petrovna.

At this very moment, Friedrich II helped the "second miracle of the Brandenburg House" - the death of the Russian Empress. He changed it on the throne of Peter III not only immediately concluded peace with his idol and returned to him all the territories conquered by Russia, but also provided troops for the war with yesterday's allies.

Peter III

What was happiness for Friedrich was expensive by Peter III itself. Russian army and, first of all, the Guard of a wide gesture did not appreciate it offensive. As a result, the coup, soon organized by the wife of Emperor Catherine Alekseyevnaya, passed like oil. Following this, the deployed emperor died at the end of not clarified circumstances.

But the road to Berlin, laid in 1760, the Russian army remembered firmly to return whenever it is necessary.

Berlin's taking by Soviet troops in 1945 delivered a victorious point in the Great Patriotic War. Red flag over Reichstag even decades later remains the most striking victory symbol.

But the Soviet soldiers who went to Berlin were not pioneers. Their ancestors first joined the streets of the capitullation of the German capital in two centuries before.

The seven-year-old war began in 1756 became the first full-scale European conflict, which was drawn by Russia.

Rapid strengthening of Prussia under the rule of warlike King Friedrich II. Worried Russian empress Elizabeth Petrovna And forced her to join the Antiprucian Coalition of Austria and France.

Friedrich II, not inclined to diplomacy, called this coalition "Union of Three Babs", meaning Elizabeth, Austrian empress Maria Tereziaand favorite of the French king marquis de Pompadur.

War with Lucky

King of Prussia Frederick II. Photo: www.globallookpress.com.

Russia's entry into war in 1757 was quite careful and indecisive. First, the Russian army had no experience of battles with Prussians, who created the glory of brilliant warriors. The eternal Russian diet in front of foreigners and here worked not in our favor. The second reason why the Russian military leaders did not seek to force the events, the worsening state of the health of the empress. It was known that heir to the throne Petr Fedorovich- Hot fan of the Prussian king and the categorical opponent of war with him.

The first major battle of Russians with Prussians, which occurred at Gross-Jersdorf in 1757, to the great surprise of Friedrich II, ended with the victory of the Russian army. This success, however, was leveled by the fact that commander of the Russian Army General-Field Marshal Stepan Apraksin ordered to retreat after a victorious battle.

This step was explained by the news about the serious disease of the Empress, and Apraksin feared to nape the new emperor, who was about to enter the throne.

But Elizabeth Petrovna recovered, Apraksina was removed from office and sent to prison, where he soon and died.

Miracle for the king

The war continued, increasingly moving to the fight for exhaustion, which was unprofitable to Prussia - the country's resources were significantly inferior to the reserves of the enemy, and even financial fan of allied England could not compensate for this difference.

In August 1759, in the Battle of Cunesdorf, the Allied Russian-Austrian forces of the Nedola broke the Army of Friedrich II.

The state of the king was close to despair. "In truth, I believe that everything is lost. The death of my fatherland I will not survive. Farewell forever, "wrote Friedrich to his minister.

The road to Berlin was open, but conflict arose between the Russians and Austrians, as a result of which the moment was missed for the capture of the Prussian capital and the end of the war. Frederick II, taking advantage of a sudden respite, managed to collect a new army and continue the war. The delay of the Allies, who saved him, he called the "miracle of the Brandenburg House."

All 1760, Friedrich II managed to resist the superior forces of the allies who prevented inconsistency. In the battle of Lignice, the Prussian was defeated by the Austrians.

Unfortunate assault

The French and Austrians, concerned about the situation, encouraged to intensify their actions to the Russian army. Berlin was proposed as a goal for her.

The capital of Prussia was not a powerful fortress. Weak walls passing into a wooden panelies - Prussian kings did not expect that they would have to fight in their own capital.

Friedrich himself was distracted by the struggle with the Austrian troops in Silesia, where he had excellent chances of success. Under these conditions, at the request of the allies, the Russian army was given a directive to hold a raid on Berlin.

A 20-thousand Russian corps moved to the Prussian capital lieutenant General Zakhar Chernysheva With the support of the 17-thousandth of the Austrian Corps Franz von Lassi.

Russian avant-garde commanded Gottlob Tobleben., Neborn German, who has lived in Berlin for a long time and dreamed of the sole glory of the conqueror of the Prussian capital.

Troops Totleben arrived to Berlin before the main forces. In Berlin hesitated on whether to keep defense, but under the influence Friedrich Zeidlitsa, Commander of Cavalry Friedrich, held in the city treatment after injured, decided to give a fight.

The attempt of the first assault ended in failure. The fires started in the city after the shelling of the Russian army were quickly extinguished, from three attackers only one managed to break through directly to the city, but they had to retreat due to the desperate resistance to defending.

Count Gottlob Kurt Heinrich von Totleben. Source: Public Domain

Victory with scandal

Following this, Prussian corps approached the help of Berlin prince Evgenia WürttembergWhat made Totleba retreat.

In the capital, Prussia was decorated early - the main forces of the Allies approached Berlin. General Chernyshev began to prepare a decisive assault.

On the evening of September 27, a military council was gathered in Berlin, on which a decision was made - in view of the complete superiority of the enemy, the city is to pass.

At the same time, parliamentary was sent to the ambitious Totleben, believing that it would be easier to agree with the German, rather than with Russian or Austrian.

Totleben really went to meet the deposited, allowing the city's capitula to leave the city.

At that moment, when Totleben entered the city, he met with lieutenant Colonel Rzhevskywhich arrived to negotiate with the Berliners on the capitulation conditions on behalf of General Chernyshev. Totleben ordered the lieutenant colonel to transfer: he already took the city and received symbolic keys from him.

Chernyshev arrived in the city outside of herself from rage - the amateurness of Totleben, supported, as it turned out to be bribing from the authorities of Berlin, he was categorically not satisfied. The general gave an order to start the prosecution of the outgoing Prussian troops. The Russian cavalry caught upside down the part of the part and broke them.

"If Berlin is destined to be busy, then let it be Russians"

Berlin's population was terrified by the appearance of Russians, who were described as absolute savages, but, to the surprise of citizens, the soldiers of the Russian army were adequately, not learning the revenues against civilians. But the Austrians who had personal accounts with Prussians did not hold back - robbed at home, passersby on the streets, they threw everything, which could reach. It came to the point that the Russian patrols were able to cut the Allies with the help of weapons.

The stay of the Russian army in Berlin lasted six days. Fritrich II, having learned about the fall of the capital, immediately moved the army from Silesia to help the main city of the country. In the plans of Chernyshev, the battle with the main forces of the Prussian army was not - he fulfilled his task for the distraction of Friedrich. Collecting the trophies, the Russian army left the city.

King Prussia, having received a report on the minimum destruction in the capital, remarked: "Thank you Russians, they saved Berlin from the horrors that the Austrians threatened with my capital." But these words of Friedrich were intended only for the nearest environment. Monarch, highly appreciated the power of propaganda, ordered to report the subjects of the monstrous crime of Russians in Berlin.

Maintain this myth, however, not everyone wanted. German scientist Leonid Eileler So wrote in a letter to a friend about the Russian raid on the Prussian capital: "We had a visit here, which in other circumstances would be extremely pleasant. However, I always wished that if the Berlin had ever been destined to be busy foreign troops, then let it be Russian ... "

That Friedrich salvation, then Peter - death

The care of the Russians from Berlin was pleasant for Friedrich a pleasant, but did not have a key value for the outcome of the war. By the end of the 1760, he completely lost opportunities for the qualitative replenishment of the army, driving in her rows of prisoners of war, which very often overwhelmed by the opponent. The army could not conduct offensive operations, and the king became increasingly thinking about renunciation from the throne.

The Russian army took the full control of Eastern Prussia, whose population already swore to the loyalty to Empress Elizabeth Petrovna.

At this very moment, Friedrich II helped the "second miracle of the Brandenburg House" - the death of the Russian Empress. I changed it on the throne Peter III Not only immediately concluded the world with his idol and returned to him all the territories conquered by Russia, but also provided troops for the war with yesterday's allies.

What was happiness for Friedrich was expensive by Peter III itself. Russian army and, first of all, the Guard of a wide gesture did not appreciate it offensive. As a result, the coup, soon organized by the wife of the emperor Ekaterina Alekseevna, passed like oil. Following this, the deployed emperor died at the end of not clarified circumstances.

But the road to Berlin, laid in 1760, the Russian army remembered firmly to return whenever it is necessary.