Dt 50 kt 90 wiring what does it mean. Accounting for cash flow transactions at the cash desk. Is it active or passive?
Accounting account 50 is an active account “Cash”, it is used to record the movement of cash in the cash desk of the enterprise, control over their receipt, expenditure and intended use. Let's look at which accounts account 50 corresponds to, as well as typical transactions for account 50 using the example of an operation for issuing cash from the cash register to a sub-account for payment for the services of a counterparty.
Account 50 “Cash” in accounting
Cash settlements with legal entities, individuals, and counterparties are carried out through cash transactions, the main ones of which are:
- Issuance of wages;
- Administrative expenses;
- Receipts from cash sales;
- Expenses for the purchase of inventories by accountable persons, etc.
All cash transactions related to the disposal, receipt and movement of cash are taken into account in accounting under account 50 “Cash” and are reflected in the cash book. The basis for making entries are primary documents - cash outgoing and incoming cash orders (form KO-2 and KO-1).
Using account 50 “Cash” you can get all the information about cash in the organization, the sources of its receipt and further circulation. Account balance 50 shows the total amount of cash and monetary documents. The account is active, therefore the debit of the account records the receipt and receipt of cash at the cash desk. The credit of the account reflects the amount of cash issued from the cash register.
Sub-accounts shown in the figure can be opened for account 50 “Cashier”:
Typical transactions and examples of transactions on account 50
Let's look at typical transactions for this account in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1. The most common and widespread entries in the debit of account 50:
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| Account Dt | Kt account | A document base | |
| 50 | 50-2 | Cash transferred from operating cash desk to cash desk | KO-1, KM-6, KM-4 |
| 50 | 51 | Transferring funds from the current account to the cash desk | KO-1, bank statement, check counterfoil (check book) |
| 50 | 52 | Transferring funds from a foreign currency account to the cash desk | KO-1, bank statement |
| 50 | 62 | Advance received from buyer/payment received for goods | KO-1, cash receipt. |
| 50 | 70 | Return of excess wages to the cash desk. | KO-1 |
| 50/50-3 | 71 | Return to the cash desk the balance of accountable amounts/cash | KO-1 |
| 50 | 73-1 | Payment of loans from employees | KO-1 |
| 50 | 75-1 | Contribution of the founder to the authorized capital | KO-1, constituent documents |
| 50-1 | 90.01.1 | Sales revenue/income from other operations | Cash register |
Table 2. Main entries for the credit of account 50:
| Account Dt | Kt account | Description of transaction posting | A document base |
| 04 | 50-1 | Purchase of intangible assets | KO-2 |
| 51 | 50 | Transferring cash from the cash desk to the bank | KO-2 |
| 60 | 50-1 | Payment to the supplier (contractor) for goods received (work performed) | KO-2 |
| 52 | 50-1 | Refund of advance payment to the buyer from a special bank account | KO-2 |
| 70 | 50 | Issuance of wages to employees | KO-2, T-53 |
| 70 | 50 | Payment of income from participation in the organization to employees | KO-2 |
| 71 | 50/50-3 | Issuance of accountable amounts/cash documents | KO-2 |
| 73-1 | 50 | Obtaining a loan by an employee | KO-2 |
| 75-2 | 50 | Payment of income from participation in the organization to persons who are not employees | KO-2 |
| 76 | 50-1 | Payment of obligations in the form of debt to other counterparties | KO-2 |
| 94 | 50 | Reflection of cash shortages | INV-15, INV-26 |
Practical example with wiring
VolgaDon LLC and Garant LLC concluded an agreement for the provision of legal services in the amount of RUB 8,800.00. To pay for consulting legal services under the contract, employee of VolgaDon LLC Yuzik K.M. received funds for reporting in the amount of RUB 9,000.00. To perform settlements with Garant LLC, Yuzik K.M. provided the accountant with an advance report and returned the balance to the cashier.
The accountant of VolgaDon LLC generated the following entries for the issuance of cash from the cash register to the sub-account for payment of legal services to a third-party organization:
| Account Dt | Kt account | Transaction amount, rub. | Description of transaction posting | A document base |
| 26 | 60 | 7 458,00 | Services of Garant LLC are reflected in costs (8,800.00-1,342.00) | Certificate of completed work (hereinafter referred to as the Certificate) |
| 19 | 60 | 1 342,00 | VAT is allocated from the cost of services | Act |
| 68 VAT | 19 | 1 342,00 | VAT is accepted for deduction | Act, invoice |
| 71 | 50-1 | 9 000,00 | From the cash desk of VolgaDon LLC, funds were issued under the report of Yuzik K.M. | KO-2, statement of the reporting person |
| 60 | 71 | 8 800,00 | Payment for services on behalf of VolgaDon LLC is reflected | Act, advance report |
| 50-1 | 71 | 200,00 | Balance of unused funds Yuzik K.M. returned to the organization's cash desk | Act, advance report, KO-1 |
Ready for the next payment.
Cash- funds consisting of cash banknotes.
Non-cash money- funds in the bank account and other accounts.
Bank statement— a copy of records on the current and current accounts of the enterprise with the attachment of primary documents.
Liabilities of the enterprise- borrowed capital that must be returned to creditors within a specified time frame.
Accounting for cash transactions
Part of the organization's funds may be kept in the cash register. The amount of these funds is limited limit set by the bank in agreement with the organization. On payment days, the cash balance in the cash register is allowed to exceed the limit.
The main documents documenting the receipt and issuance of cash are incoming and outgoing cash orders. , benefits, pensions and scholarships are issued from the cash desk according to pay slips. In this case, cash receipts for each recipient are not drawn up. Erasures, blots and corrections are not allowed in cash documents.
Analytical accounting cash transactions are carried out by the cashier in cash book. The pages of this book are numbered, stitched and sealed with a wax seal. The cash book is kept in two copies using carbon paper. The second copy of the book in the form of tear-off sheets serves as the cashier's report and is submitted to the accounting department. Entries in the cash book are made after receiving or issuing money on the basis of incoming or outgoing orders.
At the end of the day, the cashier calculates the results of transactions for the day, withdraws the balance of money for the next day and submits a report to the accounting department along with incoming and outgoing cash documents.
In accounting to record cash transactions is maintained (50 "Cash"). A debit balance on an account means the availability of money in the organization's cash register (50-1) or the cash registers of commodity offices, ships, river crossings (50-2) as of the 1st day of a given month. To account
50 “Cash desk” sub-accounts can be opened: 50-1 “Cash desk of the organization”,
50-2 “Operating cash desk”, 50-3 “Cash documents”, etc. The debit turnover of accounts 50-1 and 50-2 shows the receipt of cash in the cash registers for the month, and the credit turnover shows the amounts issued during the month. Cash transactions are reflected in journal order No. 1, which is maintained on the credit of account 50 “Cash,” as well as in statement No. 1 on the debit of the same account. Entries in these accounting registers (magazine order and statement) are made on the basis of the cashier's reports.
Along with cash, the cash desk can also store bill and postage stamps, state duty stamps, travel tickets and other monetary documents. They are accounted for in active account 50-3 “Cash documents” in the amount of actual costs for their acquisition. The receipt and issuance of these documents are documented by incoming and outgoing cash orders. Analytical accounting is carried out according to their types.
At least once a month produced inventory of cash in the cash register, which is carried out suddenly by a commission appointed by order of the head of the organization, in the presence of the cashier. The results of the inventory are documented in an act. Identified shortfalls are collected from the cashier, and surpluses are received and included in the organization’s profit.
Let's consider the main operations reflected in the debit of account 50 "Cash".
1. Receipt of cash from a bank account to the cash desk is recorded by recording:- debit account 50 "Cash",
- credit account 51 "Current accounts".
- debit account 50 "Cash",
- credit to account 99 "Profits and losses".
- debit account 50 "Cash",
- credit account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors."
- debit account 50 "Cash",
- credit account 71 "Settlements with accountable persons."
- debit accounts 50-1, 50-2,
- credit account 90-1 “Revenue”,
- credit to account 91-1 “Other income”.
- debit account 50 "Cash",
- credit to account 73-2 "Calculations for compensation for material damage."
Operations on the credit of account 50 "Cash":
1. Issuance of wages:- debit account 70 "Settlements with personnel for ",
- account credit 50 "Cash".
- debit of account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables",
- account credit 50 "Cash".
- debit of account 71 "Settlements with accountable persons",
- account credit 50 "Cash".
- debit of account 51 "Current account",
- account credit 50 "Cash".
- debit of account 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors",
debit of account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors", - account credit 50 "Cash".
If organizations carry out cash transactions with foreign currency, then subaccounts must be opened for each foreign cash in account 50 “Cash”.
The work of any company is impossible without financial resources. This is the most reliable and liquid asset of an organization, the presence and quantity of which always indicates the level of its financial stability and serves as an indicator of solvency. The current legislation has approved a whole block of regulations governing financial accounting: accounting account 50 has been established, on which all information about the availability of money in the cash register, its receipt, expenditure and balance is collected and summarized. The rules for keeping records of money in a company will be discussed in this article.
What is a cash register?
The holy of holies of every enterprise is the cash register, account 50 in accounting. Here information about cash is accumulated, interim results of the work performed are compiled and financial transactions are planned. 
A competent manager always knows how much money he has, and this requires strict accounting of all incoming flows. That is why account 50 “Cash” is needed, the debit of which shows all income receipts, and the credit shows the expenditure (issuance) of money and equivalent documents. All such transactions are documented with correctly completed primary accounting documents of a standard form.
Subaccounts 50 accounts
Since sources of income may be different, for convenience of accounting and simplification of analysis, sub-accounts can be opened in the enterprise. For example, in subaccount 50-1, money in the company’s stationary cash register is taken into account. If an organization interacts with foreign counterparties and operates in foreign currency, then each type of currency is accounted for in separate sub-accounts.
Logistics enterprises or communication organizations supplement account 50 with subaccounts for operating cash desks (for example, 50-2). They reflect the movement of money from the sale of tickets, travel documents and carriage charges, i.e. cash transactions carried out at the box office of commodity offices, river crossings, ships, stations, luggage storage, post offices, etc. 
Separate subaccounts are used to account for monetary documents available at the company's cash desk. These are postage stamps, bills of exchange, paid travel documents, etc. They are taken into account in value terms at the price of expenses incurred for their purchase. Analytical accounting is carried out for each type of document.
Accounting for money in the cash register: primary documents
Any cash transaction, be it the posting or issuance of money, is formalized by a primary document with all the necessary details filled in and the permitting signatures of the company’s management. Goskomstat approved the following forms:
Warrants - incoming (PKO) f-we KO-1 and outgoing (RKO) f-we KO-2;
Journal of accounting/registration of PKO and RKO f-we KO-3;
Cash book of the company KO-4;
Book of accounting of receipts and payments of the KO-5 fund.
Receipt operations
Account 50 is debited in accounting when money is posted to the cash register. The person depositing money provides the company’s financial service with accompanying documents as the basis for such an operation and a power of attorney if acting on behalf of a legal entity. The receipt is formalized by the registration of the PKO, filled out by the accountant and signed by the chief accountant of the organization. Confirmation of receipt of money is a receipt for the PKO. 
After checking and counting the money, the cashier signs the order and affixes the “Received” stamp.
Expense transactions
The payment of money from the cash register (account 50 is credited) is formalized by the cash register, but the company's management first determines the feasibility of the payment and signs the cash register. The cashier accepts the document, pays the amount indicated in it, and the recipient of the funds confirms the transaction by signing the order and indicating the details of the identification document.
The cashier maintains a cash book, the sheets of which must be numbered, stitched, sealed with the organization's seal and confirmed with signatures from the management and chief accountant of the company. At the end of the day, the cashier enters all transactions performed, withdraws the balance of money at the end of the period and, attaching all orders to the cash report, submits the report for verification to the accounting department, leaving a second copy of the cash report in the book. 
With mechanized accounting methods, registration of cash documents is carried out in computer form. Form KO-4 sheets are printed on paper at the end of the day in two copies and also handed over to the accountant. The cash book is usually stitched together at the end of the financial year.
PKO and RKO are numbered separately from January 1 of each year, starting with No. 1. The completed documents are recorded in the registration journal of the PKO and RKO.
Count 50: postings
A large number of balance sheet accounts correspond to the Cash Account account. Here are the main transactions in which account 50 is involved (the content of the transaction performed, debit-credit):
- Money was capitalized from the account - 50 51.
- Refund from the supplier - 50 60.
- Income from buyers - 50 62.
- The loan issued by the bank was capitalized - 50 66.
- Return of accountable amounts - 50 71.
- The employee paid compensation for damage - 50 73.
- Capitalization of proceeds from sales - 50 90-1.
- Receipt of revenue from other income-generating transactions - 50 91-1.
- Deposited from the cash desk to the bank account - 51 50.
- Purchase of securities for cash - 58 50.
- Debt to suppliers was repaid - 60 50.
- Refund to the buyer - 62 50.
- Short-term loan repaid in cash - 66 50.
- Issuance of vouchers paid for by the Social Insurance Fund - 69-1 50.
- Salary payment - 70 50.
- Issue on record - 71 50.
- Payment of dividends - 76-1 50.
- Payment for company shares purchased from employees is 81 50.
- The shortage identified by the audit at the cash desk was added - 94 50.
These are the typical accounting records needed to control a company's funds.
A chart of accounts is a consolidated normative document that contains accounts used in accounting to record business transactions. One of these is account 50 “Cashier”.
It shows transactions carried out with cash - their receipt and disposal.
Account 50 is called “Cash” and refers to section 5 of the Plan and is applied to reflect incoming and outgoing transactions in relation to cash, that is for .
Almost every organization handles cash in the process of settlements with suppliers, customers, and personnel. Wages and other payments to employees, accountable money can be issued in money.
Active or passive?
50 accounting account is active, since it is subject to the basic rules characteristic of active accounts:
- on account 50, assets are kept (cash in cash);
- the debit reflects the increase in the asset, the credit reflects its decrease;
- the balance is always debit or zero.
Note: all accounts in which funds are kept are active. This applies to where non-cash money is taken into account, 52 – to reflect foreign exchange transactions, 55 – to account for the movement of money through special accounts (letters of credit, deposits).
Characteristics - what debit and credit show
The credit of account 50 reflects the amounts of incoming transactions, that is, the amount of cash received at the cash desk from counterparties and employees:
- incoming payments from customers;
- refunds from employees;
- withdrawing money from a current account.
The debit account 50 shows the amounts of expense transactions – :
- payment to suppliers, sellers;
- issuance of income to staff - salaries, vacation pay, financial assistance, loans, etc.;
- issuance of accountable amounts;
- amounts in excess of the established limit, deposited at the bank at the end of the working day.
The balance in account 50 cannot be a credit balance, since the expense cannot be greater than the income. It is not possible to give out more money from the cash register than is available there.
Subaccounts
Subaccounts are opened to simplify accounting, information is summarized depending on the type of operations performed.
In accordance with the Plan, the following sub-accounts can be opened on account 50:
- 50.1 – “Organization cash register”— keeping records of cash in the cash register, its receipts and expenditures;
- 50.2 – “Operating cash desk”— this subaccount is mainly used by transport organizations and communications companies that have points and places for selling tickets and providing storage services. This sub-account keeps records of the movement of cash in ticket offices, baggage offices of ports, stations, stopping points, ships, ferries, post offices;
- 50.3 – “Cash documents”— here the movement of monetary documents (bills of exchange, paid tickets, postage stamps, etc.) is carried out.
Additionally, if necessary, you can open other subaccounts depending on the cash transactions performed.
For example, if an organization operates with funds in foreign currency, then a separate sub-account can be opened on account 50 to record the movements of these funds.
Scheme
Correspondence and typical entries in the table
Account 50 can correspond by debit and credit with various accounting accounts. The Plan contains the main correspondence:
In accordance with this information, we can identify the main typical accounting entries for account 50, which are made most often.
Postings for incoming transactions(receipt of funds to the cash desk):
| Operation | Debit | Credit |
| Withdrawing cash from a current account in domestic currency | 50 | 51 |
| Withdrawing cash from foreign currency accounts | 50 | 52 |
| Receipt of cash to the cash desk from special accounts (for example, letters of credit, bills of exchange) | 50 | 55 |
| Refunds from suppliers | 50 | 60 |
| Receiving payment from buyers | 50 | 62 |
| Obtaining a short-term or long-term loan from a bank | 50 | 66 (67) |
| Refunds of unspent accountable amounts | 50 | 71 |
| Cash receipts from employees (loan repayments, compensation for damage, shortages) | 50 | 73 |
| Contribution to the authorized capital from the founders in the form of cash | 50 | 75 |
Expense cash transactions(withdrawal of funds from the organization’s cash desk):
| Operation | Debit | Credit |
| Transferring cash to the bank | 51 | 50 |
| Transfer of foreign currency to the bank | 52 | 50 |
| Transfer of cash to special bank accounts | 55 | 50 |
| Payment in cash for supplies, services, works | 60 | 50 |
| Cash refunds to customers | 62 | 50 |
| Repayment of loans taken in cash | 66 (67) | 50 |
| Payment of taxes, fees, insurance premiums | 68 (69) | 50 |
| Issuance of salaries and other income to staff | 70 | 50 |
| Issuance of cash on account | 71 | 50 |
| Issuance of cash to employees for other transactions not related to wages | 73 | 50 |
| Payment of dividends to founders | 75 | 50 |
Examples of analytical and synthetic accounting registers for cash in accounting
Cash registers allow you to obtain information about cash flow both in a generalized form (synthetic accounting) and in detailed form (analytical accounting).
Basic examples of registers that are used for analytical and synthetic accounting purposes:
- - shows information about income, expenses - turnover, balance in a generalized form;
|
Check |
Balance at the beginning of the period | Period transactions | balance at the end of period | |||
| Debit | Credit | Debit | Credit | Debit | ||
Almost every organization has cash flow. To reflect such transactions in accounting, it is used account 50 “Cash desk”.
Account characteristics
Account 50 “Cash” contains all receipts and expenditures of cash in the cash register of the enterprise. The main actions reflected in this account are:
- issuing wages to employees of the organization;
- issuing an accountable amount to an employee for the needs of the enterprise;
- issuance of funds for other administrative and management expenses;
- receipt of payment from the sale of products or the provision of work and services to third parties;
- payment for services provided to the organization.
All movements associated with monetary units within the enterprise’s cash register are regulated relevant regulatory framework:
- Law “On the procedure for conducting cash transactions with banknotes and coins of the Bank of Russia on the territory of the Russian Federation.” It is on the basis of this document that all cash transactions take place.
- Regulations on the use of cash register No. 745 dated 08.08.2003
- Regulations “On the maximum amount of cash settlements between legal entities.”
Main subaccounts
To count 50 apply subaccounts:
- 01 “Organization cash desk”— all actions carried out with the cash register of the enterprise;
- 02 "Operating cash desk"– opens if there is a cash desk separate from the cash register;
- 03 "Cash documents"- it contains data on documents of monetary value, for example, bills of exchange, paid travel cards, tickets, postage stamps;
- 04 "Currency office"— content of foreign currency.
Which accounts does it correspond with?
Account 50 is active, all income to it is recorded as a debit, and expenses as a credit. The main accounts corresponding to account 50 are:
| Account number | What is he responsible for? |
|---|---|
| 51 | current bank account |
| 52 | foreign currency |
| 55 | other bank accounts |
| 57 | transfers that have been sent but not yet received |
| 60 | transactions with suppliers |
| 62 | interaction with customers and buyers |
| 66 | loans and borrowings for up to a year |
| 67 | loans and advances for a period of more than a year |
| 68 | tax assessment |
| 70 | wage |
| 71 | money to account |
| 73 | other payments to employees |
| 75 | authorized capital |
| 76 | settlements with various debtors and creditors |
| 79 | on-farm operations |
| 90 | sales |
| 91 | other income and expenses |
| 94 | shortages, damage to property |
| 98 | revenue of the future periods |
| 99 | profit and loss |
Typical wiring
All actions performed with money are mandatory reflected by accounting entries. The most important of them:
| Debit | Credit | Contents of operation |
|---|---|---|
| 50 | 51 | receipt of money from the bank to the cash desk |
| 52 | receipt of money from a foreign currency account to the cash desk | |
| 55 | receipt of money from a special account to the cash desk | |
| 57 | receipt of money in transit to the cash register | |
| 60 | refund from supplier | |
| 62 | payment from buyer | |
| 62 | advance payment from the buyer | |
| 66 | payment of a short-term loan | |
| 67 | payment of a long-term loan | |
| 71 | the remaining accountable funds were returned | |
| 73 | receipt of funds from the employee | |
| 75 | contribution to the authorized capital | |
| 76 | various receipts from debtors and creditors | |
| 79 | receipt of funds from branches or head offices | |
| 90 | income from the sale of goods or services | |
| 91 | income from the sale of property or the discovery of surplus | |
| 98 | gratuitously received monetary units | |
| 98 | investments against deferred income | |
| 51 | 50 | receipt of money into a bank account |
| 52 | depositing money into a foreign currency account from the cash register | |
| 55 | depositing money into a special bank account | |
| 57 | sent funds from a counterparty in transit | |
| 58 | purchased shares and securities | |
| 60 | payment to the supplier | |
| 60 | prepayment to the supplier | |
| 62 | excess money returned from buyer | |
| 66 | repayment of short-term loan | |
| 67 | repayment of long-term liabilities | |
| 70 | issuance of wages | |
| 71 | issuance of accountable amounts | |
| 73 | issuance of other amounts of money to the employee | |
| 94 | lack of money |
Example: employee of Veles LLC I.I. Advance funds were issued for the purchase of office supplies in the amount of 5,000 rubles. Ivanov purchased goods worth 5,200 rubles, including 18% VAT.
The overexpenditure amounted to 200 rubles and was immediately returned to the employee. The company accountant did following entries:
- Dt 71 Kt 50 in the amount of 5,000 rubles - given to Ivanov I.I. accountable funds.
- Dt 10 Kt 71 in the amount of 4264 rubles - receipt of office supplies purchased with accountable funds, excluding VAT.
- Dt 19 Kt 71 in the amount of 936 rubles - the amount of VAT.
- Dt 91.2 Kt 19 in the amount of 936 rubles - VAT write-off.
- Dt 71 Kt 50 in the amount of 200 rubles - return of overexpenditure to Ivanov I.I.
Documentary confirmation
No actions with money are carried out without accompanying them with documents. They must be unified and contain the necessary details. No one except the cashier's accountant or his substitute has the right to issue or receive money.
The primary documents when working with money are cash receipt order And account cash warrant. All issued PKOs and RKOs must be registered in cash register journal. And all operations performed are recorded in cash book.
IN expense cash order It is necessary to indicate the name of the recipient, all his data, as well as the amount of funds received. The issuance of money must be confirmed by the signature of the recipient, which confirms that this amount was issued to him in full, as well as the date.
Receipt cash order is divided into two halves, one of which remains in the accounting department, and the second is given to the person who deposits cash in the cash register so that he can confirm the expense. The cashier's signature and the organization's seal must be indicated on the receipt issued to him.
In order to transfer cash to your own bank account, a document is created, which indicates the amount being deposited and all the corresponding signatures.
When receiving money from a current account and depositing it into the company's cash register, a cash check is issued.
All documents must be completed neatly, in legible handwriting and without correction. When an error is made, it is used new blank form. It is necessary to immediately check the presence of all signatures and the correspondence of the amounts, otherwise the accountant will have to compensate for the shortfall from his own pocket.
Turnover balance sheet
Compiled for a period, it allows you to consider all cash movements in the cash register, how much profit was made, and what expenses were incurred. Since account 50 is active, the opening balance is formed by the debit of the account. All cash inflows into the cash desk for various items are also reflected in debit. All payments from the cash register are included in the credit.
In order to find out the balance at the end of the reporting month, it is necessary to add all turnover on the debit side to the opening balance and subtract all turnover on the credit side. This way the amount of money in the cash register on the last day of the period will be known.
The ending balance is carried forward to the beginning of the next month and becomes the opening balance.
Working with money is always very responsible and entails compensation for losses incurred due to carelessness. Therefore, you need to keep count 50 very carefully, in accordance with all standards, so as not to work to the detriment of your wallet.
Typical examples of correspondence for account 50 “Cashier” can be found in this video.