What bridge was built in China. The Hangzhou Bridge in China is the longest bridge in the world. Other bridges of the Middle State

A long-awaited new bridge has been opened in China. Yes, not just a bridge, but the longest bridge across the sea in the world. Its length is 55 kilometers, of which more than six and a half are located under water. In a special tunnel. Bridge tied southern cities Hong Kong and Macau with the city of Zhuhai in the province of Guangdong (mainland China), which greatly facilitated communication between these two important points for the country's economy. If earlier the journey from one city to another lasted three hours, now it has been reduced by 6 times and will take only half an hour. However, not everyone can ride on the bridge. And we are not talking about those who do not live in China - a number of restrictions have also been introduced for residents of the country.

China has opened the world's longest sea bridge. Its length was 55 kilometers, and it crosses the Pearl River Delta

For lovers of everything “the most”, you need to immediately make a reservation: this is not the longest bridge in the world, it is only the sixth in this indicator. However, he is the first among all automobiles, while those five mastodons are railway ones. The longest on the planet is also the Chinese Danyang-Kunshan viaduct, which stretches for more than 164 kilometers.

The six-lane bridge Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macau began to be built back in 2009 and could have been opened in 2016, but it did not work out

But due to unforeseen situations related to the weather, corruption and numerous accidents, the grand opening of the project was postponed. Up to this day.

The grandeur of the building is amazing! It took 400,000 tons of steel to build it. Oh, and $200 billion to boot.

The photo shows a tunnel under the bridge, and its appearance also emphasizes the power and size of the project. The bridge, of course, is designed for all kinds of aggressive natural manifestations - typhoons and powerful earthquakes with a magnitude of 8.0. Its service life is 120 years.

Two artificial islands were also built for the project, as part of the route passes through underwater tunnels

The length of the tunnels is 6.7 kilometers. The bridge connects mainland China (Zhonghai) and the south of the country (Hong Kong and Macau). Now the way from point A to point B will not be three hours, as before, but only some miserable half an hour.

However, some strange operational nuances are associated with this handsome man. For example, not everyone will be able to ride on it.

Yes, yes, the bridge has been built, but an ordinary resident of Hong Kong or Zhuhai should not expect that he will be able to get into his Lifan and drive freely along it. The fact is that to ride it you need a special permit, which is so easy (and cheap) not to get. Those wishing to cross the bridge will have to transfer from their car to a special shuttle. The fare in one direction will be about 550-650 rubles.

Also, the bridge has been heavily criticized from all sides: it was built incorrectly (many accidents), and too much money was spent, and rare white dolphins are now under even greater threat.

In addition, Hong Kong residents fear that they will now be flooded with an uncontrollable flow of tourists from mainland China. As for money, experts say that the bridge will never pay for itself - it is expected to make only $86 million a year. And as for the white dolphins, the huge construction site was by no means good for the environment, so the number of dolphins in the Pearl River Delta has declined.

Locals and critics have given the building several offensive nicknames: "Death Bridge" and "Big White Elephant". But at the same time, the bridge is terribly beautiful and will surely become one of the symbols of China.

25.06.2019 at 12:00 · VeraSchegoleva · 480

Top 10. The longest bridges in China

Since ancient times, people have had a need to cross ravines, abysses and develop new territories. But the main obstacle was water - deep rivers, lakes, oceans seemed impossible to overcome. Then the man came up with V Lately the pace of life has accelerated, so you need to move from place to place also quickly.

Development does not stand still: architects are creating more and more light, long and bridges that help connect a variety of points on the map, including even islands.

China is a rapidly developing country with a high pace of life and a large territory.

Transport links play an important role in the development of the country's economy. Therefore, the authorities are concerned that the movement between the most important cities occurs as quickly and safely as possible. Perhaps this is the reason why the longest bridges are located in China.

10. Junyang bridge | 35.66 km

The last structure in the proposed top by length connects the cities of Zhenjiang (formerly Zhunzhou) and Yangzhou. Hence the name Junyan.

The complex consists of two structures - a suspension bridge in the south and a cable-stayed bridge in the north. The implementation of the engineering solution took 5.8 billion yuan, that is, approximately 700 million dollars. Construction took 5 years, after this time, in 2005, the crossing was opened.

The suspension bridge is the fourth longest in China and is also part of the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway.

9. Bridge over Hangzhou Bay | 35.673 km

This cable-stayed bridge is considered the third longest across the waters. Its ends are located in the cities of Jiaxing and Ningbo. Initially, the construction was supposed to connect Ningbo with Shanghai, but in the latter they staged a protest, and the bridge design was changed.

Building Bridge over Hangzhou Bay began in 2003. It was planned to complete the construction only by 2010, but in the end the bridge was opened to traffic three years earlier.

At that time, the construction cost 11.8 billion yuan, i.e. $1.4 billion. Such money was invested by private enterprises and banks in China.

According to the creators of the bridge, it is designed for 100 years of operation.

Previously, people had to cover a distance of about 400 km, but thanks to the new crossing, it is enough to drive 240, while the speed on the road is expected to be 100 kilometers per hour.

Thus, travel time was reduced from five hours to three. In addition, there is a small island in the middle of the bridge where drivers can eat and rest.

8. Yangchun Viaduct | 35.812 km

The Yangchun railway crossing is part of the high-speed railway between the cities of Beijing and Tianjin.

Viaduct Yangchun opened in 2007, and since then an average train speed of 350 kilometers per hour has been established.

7. Overpass of Wuhan Metro Line 1 | 37.788 km

The first line of the Wuhan metro was opened in 2004, it includes 32 stations. As the name suggests, the line is located in Wuhan city. It does not go beyond the Hankou region and does not pass through the rivers. After its creation, Wuhan became the fifth city where the subway was opened.

Wuhan Metro Line 1 overpass- the longest metro viaduct in the world. Many mistakenly confuse it with a light rail line because it is elevated.

6. Beijing Viaduct | 48.153 km

beijing viaduct- This intricate structure is part of the new Beijing-Shanghai railway track.

The grand opening of the facility took place in 2011, a year after the completion of construction.

The viaduct is 48 km long and the span is 44 meters wide. The townspeople needed a viaduct, because Beijing and Shanghai are large and important cities separated by water, and getting from one to the other by any other way than through the viaduct is long and difficult.

5. Bridge Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macau | 55 km

young car Bridge Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macau- the record holder, he is the longest sea bridge in the world. The construction runs across the very active Pearl River, and it is already clear from the name which cities it connects.

This is a complex engineering complex, which consists of a number of bridges, artificial islands and underwater tunnels. And only the latter occupy about 6-7 km.

The construction of the structure began in 2009 and ended only in 2017. The total cost of the project is $10.6 billion.

Sad fact: Construction was accompanied by numerous injuries and deaths of workers.

4. Bridge over the Wei | 79.732 km

Design bridge over the wei is an element of the Zhengzhou railway track and stretches from the city of Zhengzhou to Xi'an. The object got its name in honor of the Wei River, which it crosses twice. (Wei flows in eastern China).

This building is considered world architectural.

The bridge was ready for operation as early as 2008, however, the opening took place only two years later, in 2010. The Chinese government decided to wait and open the bridge along with the new railway line.

When the structure was first erected, it was considered the longest in the world, but later new bridges broke its record. However, they owe their existence to the invaluable experience that the construction of the bridge across the Wei gave.

Traveling along it promises to be exciting, as the railway tracks pass through beautiful rivers and lakes, which tourists will definitely like.

3. Changdei viaduct | 105.81 km

The medalist, like some past bridges, is part of the already mentioned railway track connecting Beijing and Shanghai.

chandei viaduct located in a seismically hazardous area, so it is made of high-strength materials. Tourists will not regret having passed through this bridge.

During the trip, nothing threatens people's lives, but they can enjoy the beautiful view from the window.

4. Tianjin Viaduct | 113.7 km

The second place on the list is also considered an element of the Beijing-Shanghai bullet train.

The engineering facility is located between Langfang County and Qingxian County. Construction began in 2008 and lasted two years. The bridge was opened in 2011.

tianjin viaduct stretches in an unusual place - five large sources of the Hai-he river converge in it.

The crossing is very popular with tourists, as it originates near the Beijing railway station.

1. Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct | 164.8 km

Two years ago, the longest bridge in the world opened in China - Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct. The construction of the record holder was expensive - it took about 10 million dollars and more than 450 thousand tons of metal.

The bridge is part of a high-speed railway between the largest cities in China - Beijing and Shanghai. The construction itself connects Shanghai and Nanjing.

The workers had to overcome many difficulties, including the difficult terrain in this area - mountains, rivers, lakes, canals.

Most of the structure is above ground, and 9 kilometers stretch over the water surface of the Yangtze River and Yangcheng Lake.

The Danyang-Kunshansky viaduct consists of several types of structures - it includes cable-stayed connections, and arched, as well as truss and frame.

BEIJING, Oct 23 - RIA Novosti. The world's longest sea bridge with a length of 55 kilometers has been opened in southern China, China's Central Television reports. It connected Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai city of Guangdong province.

The ceremony was held in Zhuhai. It was attended by Chinese President Xi Jinping, Hong Kong Chief of Staff Carrie Lam, Vice Premier of the State Council Han Zheng, Guangdong Provincial Party Committee Secretary Li Xi and about 700 other guests.

Now the trip from Hong Kong to Zhuhai will take half an hour instead of three hours. Free traffic will open on October 24.

According to preliminary estimates, by 2030, more than 29,000 vehicles and more than 120,000 passengers per day will pass through the bridge. It is expected to greatly contribute to the economic integration and development of the three most important cities in the Pearl River Delta economic zone, as well as to tourism in Hong Kong and Macau.

The bridge consists of several surface parts with a total length of 22.9 kilometers, an underwater tunnel 6.7 kilometers long, several artificial islands, as well as special border checkpoints between mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau.

The weight of the bridge exceeds 400 thousand tons. It should last up to 120 years and is designed to withstand the strongest typhoon with wind speeds over 300 kilometers per hour, as well as an earthquake of magnitude eight.

The design also took into account the fact that this area is one of the most navigable in China. Thus, the spans of the bridge are located at the proper height, and the distance between the supports is sufficient so as not to disturb the movement of ships.

Construction history

The idea to bridge Hong Kong and Guangdong appeared in the late 1980s. In 2003, the Chinese central government ordered to begin preliminary calculations and development of the project. Hundreds of research organizations were involved in the design. The number of registered patents involved in the construction exceeded one thousand.

Hong Kong and Macau are special administrative regions that became part of China in 1997 and 1999 under the principle of "one country, two systems." Each of the three governments agreed to build the necessary infrastructure on their territory, but for a long time they could not agree on financing the main part of the bridge.

Construction began in December 2009 and was due to be completed in 2016. But the opening was delayed due to corruption, budget revisions, accidents, accidents and adverse weather conditions.

In addition, the project has been criticized by environmentalists, primarily because of the decline in the population of Chinese white dolphins - the symbols of Hong Kong. According to the district government, from April 2007 to March 2018, only about 50 individuals were recorded in the waters of Hong Kong.

What is a bridge? This is an artificial structure that can be erected through any physical obstacle, be it a river, a ravine, a lake, a strait, a building or anything else. It is believed that bridges appeared in antiquity - this is generally one of the oldest engineering structures which was built by human hands. Initially, the buildings were created from wood, then stone came in its place.

Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct (164.8 km)

The Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct opens our list. This is the longest bridge in the world, the length of which is already 164.8 kilometers! Interestingly, this is a railway bridge, which is located in East China in Jiangsu province between the cities of Nanjing and Shanghai. For the most part it is located above the ground, however, approximately 9 km pass above the water surface. The discovery of this stronium took place two years ago.

If we talk about the amount that was spent by the Chinese government, then it is huge - more than 10 billion US dollars! At the same time, 500 thousand tons of steel and about 2.5 million cubic meters of concrete were spent on the construction! Incredible numbers! By the way, the Danyang-Kunshan viaduct is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.

Tianjin Viaduct (113.7 km)

Another Chinese viaduct. It is part of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway and the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway, like our previous contender. Its length is 113.7 kilometers. It starts near Beijing South railway station and ends in the city of Tianjin, crossing several districts of the city of Langfang along the way. As in the previous case, its opening took place in the summer of 2011.

Bridge over the Wei (79.73 km)

Yes, it’s not so easy to believe, but the third place on our list is again taken by the Chinese bridge! It is interesting because it crosses the Wei River twice during the journey. Of course, it also crosses other rivers, but in this case it is no longer so important.

The facility is part of the Zhengzhou High-Speed Rail Line, which connects the Chinese cities of Xi'an and Zhengzhou. It is noteworthy that the facility was ready for commissioning back in 2008, but the Chinese government decided to wait. The opening of the bridge took place in 2010 along with the opening of the railway line.

Bang Na Highway (54 km)

Well, we are finally moving from China to nearby Thailand, where the Bang Na highway passes, the length of which is 54 km. Interestingly, it passes right in Bangkok and is an elevated bridge-type structure that has six traffic lanes (three in each direction). The total width of the roadway is just over 27 meters.

The government of the country decided to build a bridge in order to unload the city from numerous traffic jams. But the main problem is that you have to pay for the passage on the bridge, and not every local resident can afford it.

Work on the creation was carried out for more than five years - the opening of the bridge took place in 2000, and the total construction costs amounted to more than one billion dollars.

Qingdao Bay Bridge (42.5 km)

And again, China is waiting for us, or rather, the Qingdao Bridge, which crosses the northern part of the Jiaozhou Bay, connecting the industrial region of Huangdao with the city of Qingdao.

The construction took just four years and about $10 billion. The bridge stands on more than 5,000 pillars. The roadway is divided into six lanes, the quality of the asphalt is excellent. More than two million cubic meters of concrete were used for the construction, as well as about half a million tons of steel. Representatives of the company that built this structure claim that its construction is so strong that it can withstand an eight-magnitude earthquake without any problems. Interestingly, the workers began to build at the same time from both ends and eventually met exactly in the middle of the “distance”.

Meanwhile, local residents are not very happy with the construction, since they do not see much benefit - you can get from Qingdao to Huangdao by many other roads, spending twenty minutes more on it.

Lake Pontchartrain Causeway (38.42 km)

Lake Pontchartrain Causeway is known as a bridge connecting the cities of Mandeville and Metairie, which are located in the US state of Louisiana. The building crosses Lake Pontchartrain. The idea of its creation appeared in the 19th century, but the formation of the bridge began only in the middle of the 20th century. The construction was completed seven years later, and a parallel bridge was also built. The total cost is about $57 million.

The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway has always had a toll, so motorists had to pay $1.5 each. True, after 1999 the conditions of travel have changed - now the entrance from the north side has become free, while motorists traveling from the south must pay $ 3.

Great Transoceanic Bridge over Hangzhou Bay (35.67 km)

In front of you is a cable-stayed bridge, which is located in Hangzhou Bay off the east coast of China. It connects two cities - Ningbo and Shanghai. This is one of those rare cases when the building was opened long before the official presentation was to take place - this happened in 2008 instead of the planned 2010.

According to the company that built this highway, its service life reaches 100 years. The maximum speed limit is 100 km/h and there are three lanes in each direction. Interestingly, about 40% of all funds were provided by private enterprises that were interested in building the bridge. The remaining 60% were taken from various banks.

Thanks to this road, motorists save a lot of time getting from Ningbo to Shanghai - if it used to take them about five hours, now it takes only one hour.

Hangzhou Bay (36 km)

Hangzhou Bay begins in the north of China in Jiaxin and ends in the south in Ningbo. The bridge is the most important freeway on the east coast. Thanks to this building, which, by the way, is curved in the shape of the English letter S, residents of Shanghai can get to Ningbo in just two hours, instead of the previous four, and the distance has been reduced to 120 kilometers. However, some manage to drive through this section in just over one hour. There is a speed limit here - no higher than 100 km per hour, and the highway itself has three lanes in each direction, so there are no traffic jams here. The capacity of the bridge is about 50,000 cars daily, and this is not so little. By the way, unlike most of these buildings, approximately in the middle of the route there is a kind of island for the rest of drivers and passengers, where there are several hotels, bars, restaurants, parking lots, shops and, of course, toilets.

Hangzhou Bay began to be built back in 2003, and was put into operation only in 2009. The cost of the bridge was a mind-boggling $1.42 billion.

According to Wang Yong, the chief civil engineer, they encountered great difficulties during the construction of the structure. So, the environment here is clearly not suitable for bridges, since typhoons periodically occur here, and the seabed is so heterogeneous that there were problems with the installation of supports. In addition, there is a very strong current. However, now the bridge is practically not affected by natural disasters (for example, it is able to withstand a 7-magnitude earthquake on the Richter scale). Huge barges and floating cranes were used to install all the elements. As a result, a bridge of unreal beauty that overshadows any others.

Junyang Bridge (35.66 km)

And again we are talking about China. The Junyang Bridge crosses the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province and connects the cities of Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. Construction began in 2000, and the bridge was commissioned five years later. The costs amounted to about $700 million.

Shanghai Maglev (30.5 km)

And now it's time to talk about more interesting things. The fact is that the Shanghai Maglev is the world's first commercial maglev railway line, which connects the Shanghai metro with Pudong International Airport. Bullet trains run along the line, the maximum speed of which reaches 431 km/h. A little over 30 km, the train passes in 7 minutes and 20 seconds.

The railway line cost a private company a lot of money, since a significant part of it was laid through wetlands. However, passengers have to pay, since even the price of even the cheapest ticket is about $6. His photo is just above.

Officially opened in the south of the country the longest bridge in the world. The ceremony, which took place in Zhuhai, was attended by the leaders of Hong Kong and Macau. For regular traffic, one of the sections of the bridge will open on Wednesday, October 24. However, the whole crossing will be put into operation only next year.

The total length of the bridge is 55 km. It connects three coastal cities, the two autonomous self-governing territories of Hong Kong and Macau, with the mainland city of Zhuhai.

According to the creators of the bridge, it was built using 400,000 tons of steel and is able to withstand earthquakes up to magnitude 8 and typhoons. The bridge should last at least 120 years.

About 30 km of the total length of the bridge are located in the Pearl River Delta. In order for the ships to be able to sail through without touching the bridge, a 6.7 km section in the middle is lowered into a tunnel located between two artificial islands.

They built the crossing for nine years. Its cost was about 20 billion dollars. It was assumed that all work will be completed in 2016, but they were delayed. The reason was the protests of the Hong Kong authorities against the destruction of the ecosystem of the bay, which would have been inevitable if the companies building the bridge had used traditional technology to fill the islands. It involves lifting soil from the bottom of the sea and pouring it out in a specified place to form artificial islands. Instead, they had to use the technology of driving hollow metal piles into the seabed, which were then filled for stability with an inert material.

However, despite such a compromise, according to the Hong Kong branch of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the bridge could cause serious harm to marine life in the area, including the critically rare Chinese white dolphin. Their number over the past 10 years has decreased from 148 to 47 individuals. In addition, dolphins no longer swim up to the bridge.

In 2015, it was planned to open the bridge only in 2021. However, later it was decided to build the crossing at an accelerated pace to the detriment of security.

So, since 2010, according to BBC, 18 workers were killed during the construction, about 600 people were injured. Because of this, some local media called the crossing the "bridge of death." In addition, 21 employees of the company responsible for the bridge's compliance with safety standards were arrested for data forgery.

Previously, the journey from Zhuhai to Hong Kong took about four hours, now this distance can be covered by the bridge in just half an hour. However, not everyone will be able to cross the crossing. To do this, you must obtain a special permit, which will be allocated according to the quota system.

In addition, the passage on the bridge will be paid. It will not run public transport routes - only private buses.

In China, the construction of such a project was criticized by some and said that it would not bring any economic return.

Chinese officials say that the bridge will bring to the budget annually about 145 billion dollars, but this figure is questionable by some politicians.

According to legislative adviser Tanya Chan, representing Hong Kong Island, the bridge will not be able to generate that kind of money if only a small number of motorists use it.

Recall, as Gazeta.Ru previously reported, on August 14. Then a 200-meter section of the Morandi bridge collapsed, which was at a height of about 45 meters. All cars, and these are 35 cars and three trucks, fell down from a great height. Many cars were literally "crumpled into a cake." The collapse killed 43 people, four of whom were children.

The collapse of the viaduct occurred, including on residential buildings. Due to the threat of collapses, 311 families, and this is 632 people, were forced to leave their homes.

Later it became known that the Autostrade per l "Italia company, which was in charge of the collapsed bridge, notified the Italian Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport back in February that the bridge's supports had lost 20% of their strength, which means that the structure needed a major overhaul However, no action was taken to carry out the repair.