Meaning of the word gondola. Italy. Venetian gondolas and gondoliers History of the gondola
One of the symbols of Venice is the gondola boat. (By the way, the word must be pronounced correctly with an emphasis on the first “o”.) These graceful black boats are everywhere in the city of love; it is simply impossible to imagine the image of Venice without them.
Venice is a city where wheeled vehicles are not allowed. Here you either have to walk or swim. Today there are a lot of boats plying the canals of Venice, but previously the main transport was the gondola.
Nowadays, the gondola in most cases serves as a romantic attraction for tourists. The Venetians themselves do not ride gondolas, primarily because of the very high price. A half-hour walk along the canals costs from 100 euros, depending on the time of day and the number of people wishing to ride. Since there are always plenty of people willing to ride, it is useless to bargain. The gondola can accommodate up to 6 people. The only way to save money is to gather a group of willing people. But, of course, many romantic couples who come to Venice ride together.
If you do without romance, you can ride a gondola for just 50 euro cents, crossing the Grand Canal as if using public transport.
Such special traghetto gondolas run between the banks of the canal, you just need to find a stop; there are plenty of them between the Rialto Bridge and St. Mark's Square. There is no catch with the payment; the crossing actually costs 50 cents, but you will only be in the gondola for a couple of minutes.
Throughout Venice there are exits to the water, to which, if necessary, a boat - gondola or other - moored.
Gondola sites throughout are rows of long wooden poles, called palinas, driven into the bottom of the canal.
The design of the gondola is unique; there is nothing like it anywhere in the world. The asymmetrical boat is 11.05 meters long, 1.4 meters wide, the left side is 24 centimeters higher so that the gondolier can control the boat while standing on the side. The gondola only has 1 oar as it is designed to navigate narrow canals.
When the boat moves, the gondolier applies the same force regardless of whether the gondola is empty or with passengers. The oar should move along a certain path, reminiscent of the letter “J”.
On the nose of the gondola there is a tall massive decoration - ferro (ferro) in the form of a crest of 6 stripes according to the number of districts of the city and one additional stripe, symbolizing the island of Giudecca. The curve at the top depicts the hat of the ruler of Venice, the Doge. Ferro weighs about 30 kilograms and is intended to serve as a counterweight to the gondolier standing at the other end of the gondola. Ferro also helps determine whether the gondola can float under the bridge in height.
Today, gondolas are produced by a small team of artisans who call themselves the San Trovaso shipyard. The cost of manufacturing the gondola is about 45,000 euros.
The first gondoliers in Venice were black slaves who belonged to aristocratic families. Over time, the work became prestigious, citizens of Venice began to engage in it, and a corporation of gondoliers was formed. In the 15-16 centuries in Venice there were, according to various sources, from 15 to 25,000 thousand gondoliers.
Today the association limits the number of gondoliers to 425. There cannot be more under any circumstances. The profession is inherited, the young gondolier takes an exam in driving a gondola, as well as exams in the history and geography of Venice and English. In 2009, the first female gondolier appeared in Venice, emancipation had already reached Venice...
A gondolier's working day lasts up to 15 hours; it is hard work. Mandatory dress code is a striped T-shirt and a straw hat with a blue or red ribbon. It cannot be said that they strictly follow the rules, although there is even provision for deprivation of a license for going to work in different clothes.
Some sources claim that gondoliers also take singing exams. She pestered me with questions and requests to sing to the gondolier during a gondola ride. He categorically denied information about singing exams and refused to sing barcarolle (Italian boat - barca).
Gondolas are traditionally all black. There are several versions of where this tradition came from. According to the first, they became black in 1562, when there was a plague epidemic in Venice, and the corpses of the dead were often transported on gondolas. According to another, bulky decorations were removed from the gondolas simply because some were too carried away and sometimes such boats had difficulty moving. The most romantic version is that gondolas began to be made all the same so as not to stand out. After all, lovers floated on gondolas under the cover of the night to their ladies.
They say that when sailing under the bridges of Venice on a gondola, you need to kiss your loved ones, or at least do it mentally if your other half is not around, in order to find eternal happiness.
Everyone reading these lines has the opportunity to sail with the author of the blog under the bridge on a gondola. Watch the video and kiss!
There are 466 bridges in Venice, but you shouldn't kiss under one of them.
The Bridge of Sighs connects the Doge's Palace with the prison building, so there is no sense of romance in this place, although most canal gondola rides start here.
At any time of the day, under the Bridge of Sighs you can see a string of gondolas floating along the Rio del Palazzo canal street.
Today's gondoliers decorate their gondolas with rugs, velvet seat covers, tassels, flowers, bronze candlesticks, but they do so in moderation. In general, the boats look strict.
Gondoliers have a lot of rules that must be followed. Control over compliance with the rules is entrusted to the carabinieri, the fines are considerable. For example, you are supposed to light a lantern at the bow of the gondola at dusk and at night. You cannot go on a gondola into the open lagoon. When turning in the canals, you are supposed to shout something like “OOOOOOEEEE” so as not to collide with another boat that may be turning.
Every city has its own sounds. Perhaps the sounds of Venice are the voices of gondoliers echoing from the walls of the houses. It’s a pity that they don’t sing songs anymore...
P.S. While looking through photos from Venice, I discovered this strange gondola in one of them. Not a gondola at all, however. And the boatman is dressed in a gondolier costume... The price for a ride from ignorant tourists, I wonder what it is?
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Meaning of the word gondola
gondola in the crossword dictionary
Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Dal Vladimir
gondola
and. Venetian dinghy, boat; yalbot; up to 30 f. long, 4 wide Gondola, related to it. Gondolier, gondola driver, boatman, gondola rower, merrymaker.
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov
gondola
gondolas, w. (Italian: gondola).
A Venetian boat of a special shape, with a cabin, propelled by a stern oar.
Basket for balloon passengers (aviation).
Suspended space for the crew, passengers or airship mechanism (aviation).
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.
gondola
Venetian longboat with cabin or awning.
A basket for balloon passengers, as well as room for people and equipment in the balloon. G. airship.
adj. govdolny, -aya, -oe.
New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.
gondola
A long, single-oar, flat-bottomed Venetian boat with a raised figured bow and a high stern, having a cabin or a special awning for passengers.
A freight car without a roof, with hatches in the floor that open to allow cargo to spill out.
Hanging basket of a balloon, cabin of a balloon, airship for accommodating crew, equipment and ballast.
A structural element of an aircraft or helicopter for housing the engine, landing gear and other devices, having a streamlined shape.
Part of the bathyscaphe in the form of a steel ball in which the crew, instruments, etc. are located.
Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
gondola
GONDOLA (Italian: gondola)
a single-oared flat-bottomed boat with raised figured ends.
Aerostat cabin.
A structural element of an airplane or helicopter, having a streamlined shape, to accommodate an engine, landing gear or other devices.
Self-unloading gondola railway car with a flat horizontal floor.
Gondola (disambiguation)
Gondola- an ambiguous word that can mean:
- A gondola is a traditional Venetian rowing boat.
- Gondola- a streamlined design to accommodate aircraft components (engines, landing gear, cabin, weapons).
- An aircraft nacelle is a structural element of an aircraft for housing the engine, landing gear and other devices, which has a streamlined shape.
- The balloon gondola is the aircraft control cabin.
- Gondola cabin- a cabin for transporting passengers by cable car.
Gondola
Gondola- traditional Venetian rowing boat. It is one of the symbols of Venice.
Historically, it was the main means of transportation along the city’s canals, and currently serves to entertain numerous tourists. At the end of the republic, there were several thousand gondolas in Venice. At the end of the 17th century, a Russian traveler wrote the following:
In Venice there are cab drivers' boats, which are called gundals, quite a few thousand, and all are black and covered with black cloth, with large ends, and in each gundal there is one man-oarsman, and on others there are two people. And whoever needs to go by sea to nearby places from Venice or to Venice itself along the canals, that is, along the streets, then they ride in those gundals, hiring them; and the pay is for the whole day from a gundal, which with one oarsman is a Venetian ducat, and Moscow money is 15 altyns; and for that fee he is obliged to drive all day where he pleases.
And the Venetian procurators and noble merchants, as well as clergy, have their own gundals, of which there are more than one thousand in Venice. Many of those gundals are elegant, carved, gilded, covered with velvets with lace and fringed with gold and other handsome brocades, and the endings are great; They also contain tapestries, or colored tripes, or other substantial brocades, and the like.
And those gundals were made in a special fashion: they were long and not wide, like single-wood trays, but the bow and stern were sharp, and on the bow there were great iron ridges, and on the stern it was bound with iron, and in the middle there was a loft with ends and a fair amount of curtains covered, and there are plenty of benches with cushions. And the rowers - one person at the bow and another at the stern; and in the gundal where there is no other oarsman, in that there is a person at the stern, he rows standing, with the same oar and steers, and, as a rule, there is no stern oar on those gundals, but without it they steer pretty well.
Licenses for this work can be inherited from father to son, as a result of which it is not easy for an outsider to become a gondolier.
Examples of the use of the word gondola in literature.
Gondola trembled from the wind, And suddenly, in the purple twilight, the altimeter needle broke off, and spun around the scale.
Then the guy climbed onto the fence that separated the balloon from the public, and at the moment of rise, he jumped into gondola.
It won’t work with the Observatory, let’s involve sports organizations - we launched a balloon into the sky, and let those who are preparing to become paratroopers jump from gondolas- without any consumption of fuel and engine resources.
Now the soldiers held the balloon only by gondola and short ends tied to a hoop.
Barcarolle Swim, my gondola, Illuminated by the moon, Rise, barcarolle, Above the sleepy wave.
Usually you could only find tourists here gondolas and yachts and all-terrain vehicles of the ultra-rich on transit aquastradas.
Balloons came to the aid of even such a distant science as archeology. American professor Kent Weeks, for example, went on his archaeological search to gondola balloon.
And now she is being taken to gondola, and the gondolier exchanges conventional cries, melancholy and gloomy, with other gondoliers, before entering some inner channel.
Suddenly, with an imperceptible movement of his foot, the gondolier threw Wilhelm to the bottom gondolas.
On the embankment he saw gondola with two rowers, who was about to leave for Mestre, with a richly dressed young woman, whom he looked at so passionately that the gondolier nodded, realizing that Casanova was looking for a cheap opportunity in Mestre.
She wanted to ask the gondolier about this, but then she felt that gondola stopped at some steps covered with moss.
In the blue field of heaven the golden Vesper shines - the Old Doge floats in gondola With dogaressa young.
Gondolas, equipped with propellers and suspended from elongated balloons, used by Henri Giffard in 1852, Dupuy de Lôme in 1872, the Tissandier brothers in 1883 and Captains Krebs and Renard in 1884, led to certain results, and they should have been accepted in attention.
Oncoming and passing trains began to flash, maneuvering and standing on sidings - passenger and freight cars of all colors and all types, marked by the railways of all European countries, tanks, slag carrier buckets, gondolas with coal, crushed stone, ore, platforms with covered and uncovered tanks, anti-aircraft guns, assault guns painted to look like spotted lizards. And further, as far as could be seen, countless pipes smoked in colorful colors, blast furnaces were piled up, lattice cooling towers, gas tanks, batteries were shrouded in clouds of steam. cowpers and coke ovens, the glass roofs of the workshops, like giant greenhouses, flickered dimly, the spoked wheels of mine lifts flashed, kilometers and kilometers of pipelines, high-voltage lines, portal cranes, suspended cable cars with running strings of trolleys stretched.
And yet it was precisely the cab, the unique carriage, in which Disraeli’s keen and alien gaze saw gondola London.
Gondola with the island of San Giorgio Maggiore in the background. Artist Camille Corot.
Gondola is rightfully considered a symbol Venice. This is a very ancient type of vessel: the classic design of a narrow, flat-bottomed boat with raised ends developed about a thousand years ago and has not changed much since then. Latest adjustments to the design gondolas introduced in the 18th century - then all their characteristics, including sizes, materials and even coloring, were legally regulated and are strictly observed to this day. Perhaps, it is unlikely that you will find such an unshakable commitment to tradition anywhere else!
Canal San Marco and Doge's Palace. Artist Francesco Guardi.
Venice is the only city in the world where there are no wheeled vehicles. The role of streets and avenues here is played by canals. The land streets are so narrow, cramped and humpbacked due to the abundance of arched bridges that even in the 16th century Venetian The Doge issued a decree prohibiting not only carriages and carts, but also riding horses. Since then, residents of this amazing city have used only one type of transport - water.
Gondola on the Grand Canal.
Shape and design gondolas- a striking example of evolution in the field of “small-tonnage shipbuilding”. The volume of transportation was large, the canals were narrow, special seaworthiness was not required, so a boat with a very long and narrow hull looked most rational. Traffic along the canals was extremely intense, and ordinary oars with rowlocks would interfere with neighboring and oncoming ships. Therefore, the movement technique gondola not quite rowing, but rather rowing-push. Gondola Usually one person controls it: standing facing forward, he rocks the boat and at the same time performs ingenious manipulations with the oar.
Because gondolier works with an oar from one side (right), then in order to compensate for the deviation to the left, the hull of the boat has an asymmetrical shape: the contours of its left side are fuller than those of the right side. Gondola glides through the water not straightly, but along a wave-like trajectory, and steering the vessel in tight channels requires certain skills. It is curious that the effort expended gondolier, practically do not depend on the loading of the boat.
Gondolas in the parking lot. It is clearly visible that the hull of the boats has an asymmetrical shape.
IN Venice gondolas supplanted all other types of ships back in the Middle Ages. There is evidence that during the heyday Venetian Republic in the city there were about 10 thousand gondolas and 14 thousand gondoliers. In the 18th century, a law appeared regulating the size and design of boats, and "to combat waste" they were prescribed to be painted only black. True, it is possible that black gondolas began much earlier: according to one version, they were ordered to be repainted in 1562, when a plague epidemic was raging in the city. Then on gondolas the bodies of the dead were being transported, and the colorful colors of the ships looked out of place. Later, the authorities ordered that the boats be left black in memory of the tragedy that befell the city, and the law of the 18th century only confirmed the established tradition.
Gondolas are the “black swans” of the Venetian canals.
One way or another, but today through the channels Venice only blacks prance gondolas. They are all the same size: the hull length is 11.05 m, the width is 1.4 m. The empty weight of the boat is about 400 kg. The hull has an asymmetrical shape: at the midsection relative to the keel, its left part is 24 cm wider than the right. The bow and stern of the boat are raised upward to minimize the area of contact with the water, and, accordingly, the resistance to movement, and also to increase maneuverability. During production gondolas nine types of wood are traditionally used. The top of the body is decorated with decorative carvings and covered in several layers with a special black varnish.
The gondolier steers the boat, facing the direction of travel and working with one oar.
On the nose gondolas a flat iron comb is installed - "ferro". It performs several functions: protects the bow of the boat from impact, serves as a counterweight to those standing at the stern to the gondolier, it is used to estimate the clearance height of the next bridge and determine whether it will pass under it gondola or not. The six protrusions on the ferro symbolize the areas of the city that Venice was divided in 1169; the seventh protrusion at the back signifies the island of Giudecca, and the curve at the top signifies the doge's headdress.
As already mentioned, modern gondolas only one oar, which is installed in a specially shaped oarlock called "forcola". The design of the forcola allows the experienced to the gondolier masterfully wield the oar, providing various speed modes of the boat, turns and circulation, emergency braking and accurate mooring.
Maximum capacity gondolas- six passengers. Sometimes boats are equipped with a small cabin-tent for protection from the scorching sun or bad weather.
Gondola with cabin-tent and two gondoliers. This photo was taken almost a century ago.
Now in Venice there is only one shipyard left, engaged in construction and repair gondolas. All work on it is carried out manually, using ancient technology. Each boat is assembled from 280 individual parts and takes approximately three years to build. Price gondolas comparable to the cost of a prestigious car and measured in tens of thousands of euros. All boats in service are the property of gondoliers, and therefore the owner tries in every possible way to protect his transport, which is the source of his income. Average service life gondolas is approximately 15 years. The high cost of the vessel, its relatively short life, coupled with increased requirements for the qualifications of the owners operating them, predetermine the fact that boat trips on "Venetian taxi" They are very expensive for tourists.
The transverse bulkheads of the gondolas are often decorated with picturesque paintings.
About the profession gondolier should be described separately. It requires great skill and is usually passed down from father to son. From the age of ten, a boy is taught not only how to wield an oar, but also history, foreign languages, and singing (it’s not for nothing that gondoliers there is a special kind of song called barcarolle- from the Italian word barca, that is "boat"). Particular attention is paid to the complex science of communicating with wealthy tourists. Today Venetian gondolier is a representative of a special caste of handsome men with aristocratic manners, capable of making exquisite compliments in different languages to representatives of the fair sex of any age... It is not surprising that in the minds of many gondolier is a gigolo who enjoys increased attention from rich foreign women.
Gondoliers leisurely and full of self-esteem. They have their own uniform - a straw hat with ribbons and a striped T-shirt. Their profession is considered prestigious, and the number of licenses to work gondolier V Venice strictly limited: 425 of them are issued, no more, no less.
A gondolier stands by his boat, waiting for those who want to take a boat trip.
Historically gondoliers Only men could become, but in June 2009 this centuries-old tradition was broken. 23 year old Georgia Boscolo passed difficult exams and became the first in history Venice officially recognized female gondolier. Although she comes from a family of hereditary gondoliers, however, her obtaining a license caused discontent among her male colleagues. Even the father Georgia Dante Boscolo Although he is proud of his daughter, he still believes that she has chosen a profession that is not at all feminine.
Gondolas on the Grand Canal. Artist Bernardo Belotto.
I wonder what the word "gondola", first encountered in Venetian document of 1094, in Italy it is pronounced with the emphasis on the first syllable. Until the beginning of the twentieth century, they said the same thing in Russia. However, Russian poets did not like this sound, who often dedicated Venice poems: by the way "gondola" It was very difficult to find a rhyme. And they unanimously began to shift the stress to the second syllable - then the task was significantly simplified (for example, to "gondOle" rhymed well "barcarolle"). Gradually, this pronunciation became traditional among us. Only in recent years has the word begun to be heard again "gondola"— in particular, it is used by Russian guides working in Italy.
In addition to traditional passenger gondolas, now used exclusively for the entertainment of tourists, in Venice there are special and ceremonial gondolas. They occur quite rarely - usually on holidays or on the occasion of certain important events. For example, there is wedding gondolas, gondola hearses, gondola ferries (traghetto), racing gondolas (gondola di regatta). They sometimes accommodate up to 15 people and have several rowers. It should be emphasized Doge of Venice gondola, which takes part in the annual September Historical Regatta Regatta Storica. This ornate vessel houses a record-breaking gondolas number of rowers - 12.
Ceremonial gondola hearse. Photos of the first half of the last century.
- (Italian gondola * a. rail gondola; n. Sattelwagen; f. tombereau; i. ranura) - a gondola car designed for the transportation of bulk and bulk cargo. In mining industry is used for transporting items. from quarries to network-wide railways Mountain encyclopedia
The world's most famous and romantic watercraft boasts a long history and unique features that make it even more special.
There is not a single traveler in the world who has not fallen victim to their spell: the magic of Venetian gondolas with their characteristic silhouette, whipped up by the wind walking between the canals of the city of love and romance, is undeniable.
These boats are one of the most important elements of all Venetian scenes, a real talk of the town, but do not think that you know much about them. The imperishable symbol of Serenissima has many secrets, which we hasten to tell you about right now.
So, here are the most interesting facts about Venetian gondolas, the most romantic and mesmerizing boats on the planet.
Traditions
Their irresistible charm and the admiration that their sinuous shapes evoke are known throughout the world: every tourist who finds himself in the city dreams of riding a gondola at least once in his life. However, the characteristic appearance of gondolas was not always inherent in them. In fact, Venetian gondolas appeared many centuries ago and their appearance, as evidenced by numerous documentary evidence, has undergone numerous changes over the centuries. Thus, in the paintings of Venetian artists of the 15th-16th centuries, gondolas are depicted as shorter, wider and less elongated boats, and, above all, not asymmetrical.
Gentile Bellini "Miracolo della Croce caduta nel canale di San Lorenzo". This is what gondolas looked like at the beginning of the 16th century. Photo wikipedia.it
Today, the 500 examples that ply the waters of the canals of Venice retain unchanged characteristics familiar to tourists, which appeared in their design about 200 years ago.
It should be noted that even today the symbols of Venice are built using complex technology, which is passed down from generation to generation in the “squeri”, ship docks. Gondola construction sites, which take their name from the word "squara" (la squadra, command), were once numerous and all overlooked the Grand Canal, reflecting the importance of the business.
Today there are only five docks in Venice and they are located in different parts of the city. The interesting thing is that they all still work without drawing up drawings, relying only on personal experience. It is for this reason that the job of a "squerarolo" (gondola constructor) requires a long apprenticeship of at least 36 months and only after passing an exam can the apprentice undertake this delicate activity.
Venetian dock "squero"
Each gondola, in fact, requires several months of construction and about 500 hours of work, and given that the average lifespan of a boat is about twenty years, to maintain the current fleet of 500 elements, craftsmen must build about 20-30 gondolas every year.
Characteristics
Each "squero" consists of a square with a slope to the water for access by boats, surrounded by a fence on both sides, and a little further away a wooden building called a "tesa", which is used as a storage for tools and for protection from the weather. Directly next to the dock used to be the house of the main "squerarolo" or owner of the workshop.
The gondolas produced at Squero are about 11 meters long and weigh about 600 kilograms. Each of the boats has a characteristic asymmetry between the right and left sides (more than 20 centimeters), and a flat bottom, which allows navigation even in very shallow water. The gondola consists of 280 parts and has a black wood body due to treatment with a resin-based waterproofing material. When making gondolas, craftsmen use eight types of wood - oak, spruce, elm, cherry, larch, walnut, linden and mahogany.
This is how a gondola is born
Despite the similarity of the gondolas, each of them is unique because it is made “for the gondolier” who will control it. In particular, to build a boat, craftsmen take into account not only the height and weight of the gondolier in order to balance the boat, but also whether the gondolier is right-handed or left-handed.
There is also a place for symbolism in the design of gondolas. Thus, the shape of the “ferro”, the iron tip that protects the bow of the boat and serves as a determinant of the height of the bridge and the possibility of the gondola passing under it, contains six protrusions, symbolizing the six districts of the city, sometimes joined by three friezes, symbolizing the islands of Murano, Burano and Torcello. On the other side, the tip “risso di poppa” is fixed, which symbolizes the island of Giudecca.
The gondola is equipped with only one oar, which was caused by the narrowness of the canals, where wide boats could not pass each other. The single oar is secured in a "forcela", an oar lock that has a very complex shape. Indeed, the "forcola" allows the gondolier to move slowly back and forth, quickly row forward, turn the boat around and perform other important maneuvers.
Gondoliers
Historically, being a gondolier has been a priority for men, but in 2009 the first woman in history received a license to operate a gondola. This is a rather difficult profession that requires endurance and great skill. Gondoliers become hereditary: skills are passed on from father to son.
The maximum number of passengers who can travel on a gondola at the same time is six.
However, even if the boat is empty, due to its design, the gondolier essentially applies the same force when rowing.
Where are gondolas built?
If several centuries ago it was full of docks, today only five exist. These are two historical docks: San Trovaso - the oldest - located on the Grand Canal in the Dorsoduro quarter, and Tramontin in Ognisanti. They were joined by the relatively recently opened Squero Bonaldi, located next to the Tramontin, Crea and Costantini - De Rossi dock in the Giudecca.
Addresses
To explore the history of shipping and shipbuilding in the beautiful Repubblica Marinara, head to the Arsenale di Venezia, an ancient complex of shipyards and workshops. Today the complex is accessible to visitors in various areas (some free to visit, others on request and with a guided tour) and is owned partly by the city and partly by the Italian Navy.