Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. Russian Orthodox Church financial and economic management of the Vysoko Petrovsky Monastery

The Petrovsky Monastery “on Vysokoye” was first mentioned in the chronicles of 1377. However, legend dates its history back to the times of Ivan Kalita and Metropolitan Peter, to the 1330s, when the prince erected the Bogolyubskaya Church on the right bank of the Neglinnaya. Rebuilt under Dmitry Donskoy, the monastery was also called Peter and Paul Monastery until the 17th century.

Diagram of the monastery.

In the XV-XVII centuries, the Petrovsky Monastery expanded and strengthened, and became part of the line of outposts of the capital. After the construction of the walls of the White City, at the end of the 16th century, the monastery ended up on the territory of Moscow. The monastery enjoyed the attention of the reigning persons and nobility - at the beginning of the 16th century it was rebuilt by the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily III, at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries - by Peter I and the entire Naryshkin family, whose tomb was located in the Bogolyubskaya Church. The uncles of Peter I, Ivan and Afanasy Naryshkin, who were killed during the Streltsy riot in 1682, and Peter’s grandfather, Kirill Naryshkin, were also buried here.

View of St. Peter's Cathedral and the Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

View of St. Peter's Cathedralfrom the Belfry.

Petrovsky Monastery burned down several times, and was looted and desecrated in 1812. Then a thousand French cavalrymen stopped at the monastery, and Marshal Mortier established his residence there. Here he sentenced to death Muscovites who were suspected of arson. They were shot at the monastery walls and buried right there, near the bell tower. Also, a slaughterhouse was set up in the monastery. At the same time, the owner of the slaughterhouse provided patronage to the few monks remaining in the monastery, and allowed them to perform divine services in one of the temples.

Cathedral of the Bogolyubsk Icon of the Mother of God.

The monastery was closed in 1918, and in 1929 the last one operating as a parish church, the Bogolyubsky Church, was closed. The temple was given to Zernotrest, which in 1930 broke the crosses and domes and set up a workshop for repairing combine harvesters in the temple. The monastery was plundered, only a small part of the decoration ended up in museums. In the 30s, due to plans to expand Petrovka, the monastery was threatened with demolition, but this project was not implemented.

Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

Galleries of the Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

In the 1950s, gradual restoration of the monastery began. Some of the buildings were given to various cultural institutions, in particular to the Literary Museum.

View of the Church of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God and the bell tower of the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Belfry.

In the early 90s, the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery was revived, and divine services were resumed there. And in October 2009, by decision of His Holiness the Patriarch, monastic life was revived in the monastery.

View of the monastery ensemble.

Temples and monastery buildings.

Cathedral of St. Peter.

The most ancient temple on the territory of the monastery is the Cathedral of St. Peter, erected in 1514 by Aleviz Fryazin (Novy) at the behest of Grand Duke Ivan III, on the site of a wooden church in the name of the apostles Peter and Paul. This is a rather rare architectural monument in form and planning solution, the only one in Moscow. Initially, the temple was dedicated to St. Peter, but after restoration in 1689-90, in the presence of Peter I, it was reconsecrated in honor of Metropolitan Peter, and then the monastery began to be called Vysoko-Petrovsky.

After the monastery was closed, from 1919 until the end of the 40s, the cathedral building was rented by OSOAVIAKHIM, and finally fell into disrepair. At the same time, the unique carved iconostasis from 1690 was lost. Until the 1980s, the cathedral was used as a warehouse for the Directorate of Art Funds of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR, and in 1984 it was restored in the architectural forms of the 16th century. In 1998, the consecration of the temple took place.

Cathedral of the Bogolyubsk Icon of the Mother of God.

The first wooden church in honor of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God was built in the monastery in 1382 by order of Prince Dmitry Donskoy. The Bogolyubsky Cathedral of stone was built in 1684-90 in the early Naryshkin Baroque style over the graves of Peter I's uncles, killed in 1682. Later, the monastery became the resting place of more than 20 representatives of the Naryshkin family. After the revolution, the Bogolyubsky Church remained the only functioning temple on the territory of the monastery. On December 21, 2013, the first divine service in 84 years took place in the cathedral.

In front of the cathedral there is a small chapel, marking the grave of Peter I's grandfather, Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin (1623-91). The chapel was erected at the end of the 18th century.

Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

The church with the refectory was built by 1694 in honor of the rescue of Peter I during the Streltsy uprising, simultaneously with the building of the Brotherhood's cells, connected to the church by a passage. Like most other buildings, it was made in the Naryshkin Baroque style. The church was originally single-domed, but in the early 1700s the vault was completely rebuilt to include five domes. At the end of the 17th century, galleries were built. The last renovation of the church was in 1911. After the closure of the monastery, the building was transferred to the Central Medical Library, and later the Moscow Electromechanical Plant was located there. In the 1930s, the domes with crosses were destroyed, and by 1950 the church had finally fallen into disrepair.

ADDRESS: 127051, Russia, Moscow, Petrovka street, 28.

Working hours: Every day from 7:00 to 19:00

Metro: “Trubnaya”, “Chekhovskaya”, “Pushkinskaya”, “Tverskaya”

Phones:
+7 495 623 75 80 (Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh, for general questions)
+7 495 236-94-24 (office, fax)
+7 495 621 37 30 (HR service, accounting, legal service)
+7 903 670 64 74 (pilgrimage service, Roman Krinitsyn)

Email:
[email protected](Assistant Governor, Chancery)
[email protected](pilgrimage service)
[email protected](press service; novice Bogdan (Semenyuk)

Calls accepted:
Monday-Friday from 10:00 to 19:00

RESTORATION

In 2016, under the Program for Providing Subsidies from the Budget of the City of Moscow, restoration work began at the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery on two cultural heritage sites of federal significance. They became:

Church of Pachomius, 1753-1755.” Address: st. Petrovka, 28, building 7. Nowadays the Church of Peter and Paul.
“Ensemble of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, late 17th – early 18th centuries. Bell tower with gate church, 1690.” Address: st. Petrovka, 28, building 3. The gate church was consecrated in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos.

The contract was concluded with OJSC Restoration Companies. Author's supervision: Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Institute for the Restoration of Historical and Cultural Monuments “Spetsproektrestavratsiya”.

Contractors have erected scaffolding and are restoring the facades.

Plans for 2016

For the Church of Peter and Paul: restoration of white stone facades and decor; repair and restoration work in interiors, installation of floors; recreation of windows and doors; roof repair and restoration; installation of a drainage system.

For the bell tower with the gate church: restoration of facades, stucco decoration; restoration of floor coverings of the upper tiers, walkways and interiors; restoration of inter-tier stairs; recreation of windows and doors; repair of the chapter (washing of gilded surfaces), coating of protruding parts of the building; installation of a drainage system.

STORY

Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery was founded in the 14th century by Saint Peter, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus'. The saint moved the metropolitan see to Moscow. This was another important milestone in the formation of the city as an ecclesiastical and state center of Rus'. Among the builders and benefactors of the monastery: princes John Kalita and Dimitri Donskoy, Grand Duke Vasily III, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, Emperor Peter I, St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow. Saints Mitrofan of Voronezh and Saint Tikhon, Patriarch of Moscow, performed divine services in the churches of the monastery. Nine clergy, monks and parishioners of the monastery were glorified in the Council of New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia.

The architectural ensemble of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery was formed from the beginning of the 16th to the mid-18th centuries and represents a well-preserved architectural monument of the “Naryshkin Baroque”.

The most ancient temple of the monastery - the Cathedral of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus', was erected at the beginning of the 16th century by the architect Aleviz Fryazin, the builder of the Archangel Cathedral of the Kremlin. The shrine was erected on the site of an older wooden temple.

In 1684, during a pilgrimage to Bogolyubovo by Natalya Kirillovna and her royal son, Peter was presented with a copy of the miraculous Bogolyubo Icon of the Mother of God. For the sake of the miracles that came from this image and in memory of his murdered uncles, the young king signed a decree on the construction of a stone church over the graves of his uncles in honor of the Bogolyubsk Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos. He ordered the wooden Church of the Intercession to be dismantled and its throne moved to the new gate church planned at the same time in the monastery bell tower. A copy of the miraculous icon, brought by the Tsar from the Bogolyubsky Monastery, was placed in the Bogolyubsky Cathedral. The Bogolyubsky Cathedral of the monastery became the family tomb of the Naryshkin boyars, ancestors and relatives of Emperor Peter I.

The struggle of Peter I for power with his half-sister Sophia, who actually ruled the state for the young tsars, ended in 1689 with the complete victory of the future emperor. This was preceded, however, by the flight of the 17-year-old tsar, informed of the impending assassination attempt by the archers, from Moscow to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. In memory of this salvation and in gratitude to St. Sergius, by Decree of Peter I in 1690–1693, on the border between the former territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery and the former estate of the Naryshkins, a refectory church was erected in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh, the prototype of which was the refectory built several years earlier Church in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. As a sign of the special closeness of the monastery and the crowned family, the cross of the main dome of the Sergievsky and Bogolyubsky churches was crowned with the sign of the royal crown.

Significant damage to the monastery was caused during the Patriotic War of 1812. About a thousand French cavalrymen stopped there. All the churches of the monastery were desecrated and looted, although Archimandrite Ioannikiy managed to take the sacristy and especially valuable relics to Yaroslavl. Marshal Mortier, appointed military governor of Moscow by Napoleon, established his residence in the monastery. Here he sentenced to death Muscovites suspected of setting the city on fire. They were shot at the walls of the monastery from Petrovsky Boulevard and buried right there in the monastery, near the bell tower. At the same time, a slaughterhouse was established in the monastery. However, at the same time, the owner of the slaughterhouse decided to provide some kind of patronage to the monks who remained in the monastery and allowed them to perform divine services in one of the temples. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, the church could not accommodate all the worshipers. Here, as in some other churches of occupied Moscow, prayers were offered during services for the victory of Russian weapons.

On September 9 (22), 1918, the last meeting of the Conference of Bishops on the rules of the work of the Holy Local Council of the Orthodox Russian Church took place in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. It was presided over by His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon. Saint Tikhon repeatedly performed divine services in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery during the patronal feasts of the monastery churches.

According to the Decree “On the separation of church from state and school from church” of January 20 (February 2), 1918, all church property was nationalized. The last church on the territory of the monastery was closed in 1929.

But even when the monastery was officially closed in 1918, and all church property was nationalized, the monastic community continued to operate secretly here in the 1920-1930s. It was the largest monastic community in the USSR, the life of which was built according to the monastic charter, where eldership flourished (adopted from Zosima and Optina Desert) and monastic tonsures were performed (and in order not to attract unnecessary attention from the authorities, work in secular institutions was charged to novices as holy monastic obedience).

Throughout history, rectors of theological academies were often appointed abbots of the monastery. The monastery, despite its scarcity, provided its territory and buildings to needy church educational institutions: in 1786 ten students of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy found shelter here; from 1822 to 1834 - premises were provided for the Zaikonospassky district theological school.

From 1863 until the revolution of 1917, within the walls of the monastery there were located: the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Enlightenment, the diocesan library and a branch of the Varnavinsky Temperance Society.

For several years after the revolution, the underground Moscow Theological Academy continued to operate within the community of the monastery.

Since 1991, parish life began to be restored in the churches of the monastery and divine services began to be held.

On October 10, 2009, by the decision of His Holiness the Patriarch and the Holy Synod, monastic life was revived in the monastery.

The main shrine of the monastery is the revered icon with the holy relics of St. Peter of Moscow.

Church of Pachomius

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Gate Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary

The monastery was originally created outside of Moscow, in the village of Vysokoye - hence the corresponding prefix in its name. Its foundation is associated with the name of Metropolitan Peter, who moved his see from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325. The heyday of the monastery was in the 1680-1690s, when its main donors were the Naryshkins - relatives of Natalya Kirillovna, the second wife of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and mother of Peter I. It was at this time that the overall appearance of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery was formed.

Since 1514, the Cathedral of Metropolitan Peter, from which the monastery received its name, has been preserved almost unchanged. The small pillar-shaped single-domed church has an octagonal plan, with large protrusions directed towards the cardinal points, and small ones located between them. The cathedral was built by the Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin - previously there were several such churches in Moscow, the Church of St. Barbara on Varvarka looked similar, but only the cathedral in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery has survived to this day. Two other cathedral churches were built later: a cold one, in honor of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God, in 1684–1685, and a warm one, in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh, in 1690. In the Bogolyubskaya Church, at the expense of Tsar Peter I, the family tomb of the Naryshkins, his maternal relatives, was created. The church was built in traditional Russian style. The Sergius Church was built in memory of the events of 1689, when Peter I was forced to flee from the conspiracy of the Streltsy and Princess Sophia in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. It embodied the style of the Naryshkin Baroque: richly decorated with white stone carved portals, window casings with “torn pediments” and shells instead of traditional kokoshniks, crowning a quadrangle with a five-domed structure.

Other monastery churches played a supporting role. Thus, in 1694, new Holy Gates were built on Petrovka, above which a three-tier bell tower appeared with the gate Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, which served as the home church of the monastery abbots - their building is adjacent to the Holy Gates from the north. To the south is the Church of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God, created by the architect I.F. Michurin at the expense of state lady A.K. Naryshkina in 1744 in memory of the rescue of Peter I from the Streltsy, which occurred on the day of remembrance of this Mother of God image. The western facade of this church breaks the wall and faces Petrovka, but there was no entrance here - previously there was an icon case here. Finally, over the southern utility gate facing Krapivensky Lane, in 1753–1755, the Church of St. Pachomius the Great was erected, later reconsecrated in the name of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. It arose on the basis of the white stone gates of the Naryshkin estate that previously existed on this site. They also created chambers on the corner of Petrovka and Krapivensky Lane, turned into monastery cells: their facade is decorated with rich window frames with completions in the form of stepped ridges.

The monastery was abolished in 1926, but services finally ceased in 1929, when the last church, Bogolyubsky, was closed. The buildings turned out to be occupied by various offices, the former Naryshkin chambers were under the jurisdiction of the State Literary Museum. The return of services began in 1992, when the St. Sergius Church was handed over to believers, and the Department of Religious Education and Catechesis of the Moscow Patriarchate was located in the rectory building. The churches of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery received the status of a patriarchal metochion, and in 2009 it was reopened as a monastic monastery. A new temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was created in the southern span of the Holy Gates. Restoration of the monastery buildings is still ongoing.

Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery is one of the oldest monasteries in the city of Moscow. His possessions occupy almost an entire block and are located between, and Krapivensky Lane.

The history of the monastery is closely connected with the formation of the great Moscow Principality.

Back in 1325, Ivan Kalita, concerned about the unification of Russian lands around Moscow, proposed to Metropolitan Peter of Kyiv and All Rus' to move the metropolitan see from Kyiv to the outskirts of the city, to which the patriarch agreed.

The site for the Vysokopetrovsky Monastery was allocated on the river bank near the village of Vysokoye. The first religious building built on this site was a wooden church in the name of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. Based on this, the monastery was originally called Peter and Paul.

Photo 1. VysokoPetrovsky Monastery is located on Petrovka Street, 28/2

In 1326, Metropolitan Peter dies. His resting place was the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin. After some time, pilgrims visiting his grave began talking about cases of healing from various ailments. Based on these facts, the Ecumenical Council of Constantinople canonized the patriarch as a saint in 1339.

Ivan Kalita, in turn, also decided to perpetuate the name of Patriarch Peter and reconsecrated the Church of Peter and Paul in the name of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow. The monastery itself began to be called Petrovsky.

In addition to its direct purpose, the Petrovsky Monastery also served as one of the city’s defensive structures, protecting Moscow from the north. The northern defensive ring also included Strastnoy, Nikitsky and monasteries.

Photo 2. Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery (ensemble of buildings) in Moscow

At the end of the fifteenth century, Grand Duke Vasily III decides to decorate Moscow and its surroundings with buildings and temples built of stone. For these purposes, the Italian architect Alevisio Lambert or Montagnano, better known to descendants as Aleviz Fryazin the New, is invited to the capital.

One of the projects of the great architect, in addition to the Kremlin Archangel Cathedral and the Cathedral in the name of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God in the Novodevichy Convent, was the Church of Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow, which is on the territory of a monastery in the settlement of Vysokoye. The religious building was built between 1514 and 1517.

The heyday of the Moscow Vysoko-Petrovsky monastery in the last quarter of the seventeenth century is associated with the patronage of the noble family of boyars, the Naryshkins, who were maternal relatives of the future Emperor Peter I.

The fact is that their Moscow possessions were located next to the monastery walls (over time, the Naryshkin Chambers became part of the complex of local buildings), and therefore the monastery became the favorite place of prayer for this family. The mother of Peter the Great, Natalya Kirilovna, often came here (there is an assumption that she named her son in honor of the revered and beloved Saint Peter).

In 1694, the monks of the Bogolyubsky Monastery presented young Peter with an icon - a copy of the miraculous image of the Bogolyubsk Icon of the Mother of God, in whose honor the future emperor ordered in 1684 to build a temple of the same name on the site of the Intercession Church. The cult building became the tomb of the Naryshkin family of boyars. Under its arches lie 18 relatives of the great Peter I.

On the territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, next to the Bogolyubskaya Church, there is a small chapel erected over the grave of Kirill Naryshkin.

In the 90s of the seventeenth century, the Holy Gates with a temple in the name of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary and a bell tower in two tiers appeared in the monastery. The order for construction was given by Peter I himself, who thus wanted to perpetuate the memory of his uncles, Ivan and Afanasy, who died before his eyes during the Streltsy riot that occurred in May 1682. In addition, in the southern part of the monastery territory, cells were built with a small church in which the monks prayed for the murdered.

After the return of Peter the Great from the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, where he was hiding from the Streltsy rebellion of 1682 and 1689, he ordered the construction of a temple in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery in the name of Sergius of Radonezh for the glory of his salvation.

The end of the seventeenth century was marked by a struggle for power between young Peter, who settled in the Petrovsky Monastery, and Princess Sophia, his sister, who chose her residence.

Peter strengthens the walls of the monastery, in the place of the central cross of the Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh, he orders to strengthen the crown - a symbol of royal power, and also to build a royal porch at this shrine, from which he later watched the passing processions of the Cross.

After his victory over Princess Sophia, the young king stopped strengthening the monastery as a fortress.

Two new religious buildings on the territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery appeared during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna. So, in 1744, a church was built here in the name of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God according to the design of the architect I.F. Michurina (funds were allocated by state lady N.A. Naryshkina). In the period from 1753 to 1755, a temple in the name of Pachomius the Great appeared above the southern gate of the monastery, built at the expense of the then rector, Archimandrite Pachomius.

The events of 1812 did not pass by the Vysoko-Petrovsky monastery. The buildings were significantly destroyed and desecrated. Thus, the church in the name of Pachomius the Great was reconsecrated only 100 years later. In addition, on the territory of the monastery, the French shot the residents of Moscow, who were accused of setting fire to the Mother See at that time. The bodies of the victims were buried near the monastery bell tower.

The Bolsheviks abolished the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery in 1922, and the last services in one of the churches took place already in 1929.

A mechanical plant was set up in the Bogolyubsky temple-tomb, after first clearing it of all tombstones. The church in the name of Sergius of Radonezh was turned into a sports hall, which was later given to the famous ensemble “Beryozka” for rehearsals. A hat workshop and catering point were located in the monastery chambers.