Namaz, as is known,- one of the most important pillars of Islam. Through prayer, a servant of Allah worships his Lord through body and spirit.

In the Holy Book of Islam and the Noble Sunnah of the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.a.w.) there are many references to the importance of prayer for believers. Thus, in Surah “Spider” our Creator actually commands us to perform prayer:

“Read what is revealed to you from the Scripture and perform prayer. Indeed, prayer protects from abomination and reprehensible" (29:45)

The practice of Sunni Islam rests on four madhhabs, the presence of which marks the flexibility of the entire religious system. In this material we will tell you how prayer is read by men within the framework of these generally accepted theological and legal schools in Sunnism. Due to the fact that the Hanafi madhhab dominates among Russian-speaking Muslims, video material on the procedure for performing prayer according to this particular theological and legal school will be presented as an illustration.

Let us recall that the mandatory conditions for recognition of prayer as valid are: a person’s confession of Islam and his spiritual fullness, adulthood (from the point of view of Sharia), prayer at a strictly established time for it. (prayer schedule for Russian cities is presented), the presence of taharat, cleanliness of clothing and the place where namaz is performed, observance of the aura (so that private parts are not exposed during prostrations), turning to the Qibla (Kaaba), the person’s intention to read namaz.

Let us describe the step-by-step performance of prayer using a specific example with a video.

The order of reading the prayer

(using the morning example)

This prayer includes two rak'ahs of sunnat and farda. The believer must initially say out loud or silently to himself: intention(niyat) to perform morning prayer. It goes on to say takbir tahrim - "Allahu Akbar!"(“Allah is great!”). This type of takbir indicates the beginning of prayer. After it, a person is prohibited from uttering extraneous words and making movements not directly related to prayer. Otherwise, it will not be considered completed.

It is important to pay attention to how the hands are positioned during takbir tahrim. The Hanafi and Maliki madhhabs affirm the need at the sunnah level for men to raise their hands to the back of their heads and touch their earlobes with their thumbs, while in the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools this is not necessary. After this action it reads dua-sana:

“SubhanakAllahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmuka, wa taala jadduka, wa la ilaha gairuk”

Translation:“Glory and praise to you, Allah! Your name is pious, Your greatness is above all. And there is no one worthy of worship except You."

Note that within the Shafi'i madhhab used another dua-sana:

“Uadzhyakhtu wajhiya lil-lyaziya fataras-samauaati wal-ard, haniifam-muslima, wa ma ana min al-mushrikin, innas-salati wa nusuki, wa makhyaya, wa mamati lil-lyahi rabbil-'alamin, la sharika lyakh, wa bi zalikya umirtu wa ana minal-muslimin"

Translation:“I turn my face to Him who made the heavens and the earth. And I'm not a polytheist. Truly, my prayer and my good behavior, life and death belong only to Allah - the Lord of the worlds, Who has no partner. This is exactly what I was ordered to do, and I am one of the Muslims (who submitted to the Almighty Creator).”

At this moment, according to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, men should place their hands below the navel. The thumb and little finger of the right hand clasp the wrist of the left. In the Shafi'i madhhab, the hands should be above the navel, but below the chest. Malikis usually have their hands down. In the Hanbali madhhab there is no consensus on where exactly to place the hands - below or above the navel. The solution to this issue is left to the discretion of the most devout.

Rakaat No. 1. Standing - kyyam

Following the dua-sana, formulas are read "taauz":“Aguzu bil-Lyahi min ash-shaitan ir-rajim”(“I take refuge in Allah from [the filth] of the stoned devil”), basmalla:"Bismillayah ir-Rahmaan ir-Rahiim"(“In the name of Allah [I begin the business]”) and "Fatiha". Then any other surah or consecutive Quranic verses (at least three). An example of an additional Qur'anic text that can be chanted in the first rak'ah is Surah Kausar:

“Innaa agtainaa kyal-kyausar. Fasalli li-rabbikya wa-ankhar. Innaa shaa niyakya huwal-abetar" (108:1-3)

Translation of meaning (according to E. Kuliev):“We have given you Abundance (the river in Paradise, which is called al-Kawsar). Therefore perform prayer for the sake of your Lord and slaughter the sacrifice. Truly, your hater will himself be childless.”

The vertical position of the person praying when reading “Fatiha” and other parts of the Koranic text is called “kyyam” (standing).

Bow bow - hand’

Next, the believer makes a bow from the waist (ruku’ or rukug), rests his palms with fingers slightly apart on his kneecaps, as shown in the photo, trying to keep his back straight parallel to the floor, and says to himself three times: "SubhanaRabbial-Gaziym"(“Pure is my Great Lord”). Then you should get out of the “ruku” state into a vertical position with the words: "SamigAllahu li-man hamida"(“Allah hears the one who pronounces praises”). Then the worshiper pronounces the formula to himself: "Rabbana lakal-hamde"(“O our Lord, to You be praise”). When exiting the waist bow, the person’s arms are lowered along the body.

Let us note that in the Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs, before starting the bow, a person must raise his hands, as in the case of takbir tahrim among the Hanafis and Malikis. At the same time, for the latter, this movement within prayers with an even number of rakats is uncharacteristic.

Prostration - Sujud

The next element of prayer is sajd (or sajdah) - prostration with the words tabir tahrim. Opinions in different madhhabs differed on how to perform this action. Most Muslim scholars of different schools, relying on the Sunnah of the Grace of the Worlds of Muhammad (s.g.w.), stated that first the knees are lowered to the floor, then the hands and, finally, the head, which is located between the hands. In the Shafi'i madhhab, hands are placed at shoulder level. The fingertips must be kept not torn off the floor and directed towards Kyibla. There is no need to close your eyes in Sujud.

Sajda symbolizes the submission of the faithful to the will of the Almighty. In fact, this is the main element of prayer - a person lowers his most important and highest part of the body (head) to the very bottom (floor/ground). It is necessary that both the forehead and the tip of the nose touch the surface, and that the toes do not leave the floor. In this position the words are pronounced three times "Subhana Rabbial-Aglya"(“Pure is My Lord, Who is Above All”). The worshiper leaves the sujud with the takbir “Allahu Akbar.” At the same time, first he raises his head, then his arms and sits down on his left leg. In a sitting position, the hands are placed on the hips so that the fingers touch the knees. The believer remains in this position for several seconds, after which he again bows to the ground according to the algorithm described here.

Exit from sajda in odd rakats is carried out in such a way that first the worshiper lifts his face from the floor, then his hands. The person returns to a vertical position (with the words “Allahu Akbar”), similar to the qiyam of the first rak’ah. Thus, the second rak'ah of prayer begins.

Rakaat No. 2

In qiyam, Surah “Fatihah” is again read first, followed by any other sura or at least three successive verses. However, these must be different from the passages used in the first rak’ah. For example, let’s take Surah “Ikhlas”:

“Kul hu Allahu ahade. Allahu samade. Lam yalide wa lam yulade. Wa lam ya kul lahu kufuan ahade” (112:1-4)

Translation of meaning:“Say: “He is Allah the One, Allah the Self-sufficient. He did not beget and was not begotten, and there is none equal to Him.”

Tashahhud

In the second rak'ah, the Muslim makes bows and bows to the ground, similar to those performed in the first rak'ah. The only difference is that after Sujud, the worshiper remains in a sitting position - quud (in this case, the right foot is positioned perpendicular to the floor, and its toes should be directed towards Qibla, while the left foot lies freely, pressing its upper part to the floor under the weight of the worshiper) and says to himself dua tashahhud:

“At-tahiyatu lillahi was-salauatu uat-tayibat. As-salamu galaikya, ayukhan-nabiyu, wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. As-salamu alaina wa ala gyybadillyahis-salihin. Ashkhadu alaya-ilayaha illallahu wa ashhadu an-na Muhammadan gabuduhu wa rasulyukh"

Translation:“Salutations to Allah, prayers and excellent expressions, peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings, peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger.”

A desirable action (mustahab) when sitting and reading tashahhud is considered to be raising the index finger of the right hand while reciting to oneself a fragment of the shahada about faith in the Almighty (“Ashkhadu alaya-ilayaha illallahu”). On the next sentence (“wa ashhadu an-na Muhammadan gabuduhu wa rasulukh”) you need to lower your finger and return the brush to its original state.

Salavat

Following the tashahhud, if the prayer consists of two rak'ahs (for example, sunnat and fard in morning prayer, sunnat in midday, evening and night prayers), salawat is read. This is actually a prayer for the Final Messenger of God (s.g.v.), consisting of two similar parts:

“Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa salayta ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majid. Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa barakta ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majid"

Translation:“O Allah, bless (mention with praise among the angels) Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are Worthy of Praise. Glorious! O Allah, send blessings (continue to exalt) on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You did on Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious!”

At the end of the salavat it is read Ayah from Surah Bakara:

“Rabbanya attina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil akhirati hasanatan, wa kyina gazabannar” (2:201)

Translation of meaning:“Our Lord! Grant us goodness in this world and goodness in the Hereafter, and protect us from torment in the Fire.”

Salam

Following this, the worshiper, alternately turning his face left and right and looking at his shoulders, says salam:

“As-Salamu halaykum wa rahmatullah”

Translation: "Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah."

There are many opinions as to who exactly the greeting is addressed to. To summarize the different points of view, this action symbolizes the greeting that the believer pronounces to other worshipers, angels who record human deeds, and Muslim jinn.

At this point, the prayer, consisting of two rak'ahs, ends. After salam, the worshiper says the word three times "Astagfirullah"(“Forgive me, Lord”) And ends the prayer with dua:

“Allahumma antyas-salamu wa minkyas-salayam, tabaraktya ya-zal-jalyali wal-ikram”

Translation: “O Allah, You are peace, and from You alone comes peace. Give us a blessing."

The person praying pronounces these words with his hands raised at chest level. After that, he lowers his hands, running them over his face.

The reading of the prayer is clearly demonstrated in the video.

Important Features

The parts of prayer that are sunnat are performed in such a way that the believer says all the words to himself. In the fard part things are a little different. Takbir tahrim, the rest of the takbirs when performing ruku and sajdah, salam are pronounced out loud. At the same time, in the fards of morning, evening and night prayers in the first pair of rakats, “Al-Fatiha” and an additional surah (or verses) are also read loudly to the worshipers.

Namaz, consisting of 4 rak'ahs, is performed in almost the same way. The only difference is that in the 2nd rak'ah after tashahhud, the worshiper must stand on the 3rd rak'ah, perform it like the first, and the 4th like the second with salawat, salam and the final dua. It should be noted here that in four-rakah fard prayers, during standing (qiyam) in the 3rd and 4th rak'ahs after Fatiha, not a single short surah is read. Instead, the believer immediately bows from the waist.

A similar procedure for performing namaz is characteristic of all Sunni madhhabs.

Number of rak'ahs, names and times of all five prayers

Morning prayer (Fajr)- two rak'ahs of sunnat and two fard.

Time: from dawn to early sunrise. The hadith of the Final Messenger of God (s.g.w.) states that “if a person manages to perform the first rak’ah of the morning prayer (meaning its fard part) before sunrise, then his prayer is counted” (Bukhari). If the believer is late, then this prayer must be re-read half an hour after the sun rises.

Midday prayer (zuhr, oilya)- four rakats are sunnat, four farda and two sunnat.

Time: from the moment when the celestial body ceases to be at the zenith (zaval), and until the moment when the shadow of the object is larger than itself. There is disagreement in the theological community on the issue of the release of the time for midday prayer. Imam Agzam Abu Hanifa believed that this moment occurs when the shadow of an object is twice its length. However, other Hanafis, as well as representatives of the other three madhhabs, insisted on the position that the time for the Zuhr prayer expires as soon as the shadow becomes larger than the object.

Pre-evening prayer (Asr, Ikende)- four rakats of fard.

Time: from the moment when the shadow of an object is larger than itself, until sunset. There is a special formula for calculating the time of pre-evening prayer, thanks to which you can determine approximately when you should start praying. To do this, you need to know exactly when the celestial body leaves its zenith and at what time sunset occurs. This period is divided into 7 parts, of which 4 are allocated for the time of Zuhr prayer, and 3 for Asr prayer.

Evening prayer (Maghrib, Akhsham)- three rakats of fard and two sunnat.

Time: after sunset and before the evening dawn disappears.

The prayer, which consists of three rak'ahs, is performed in such a way that after the tashahhud of the second rak'ah, the believer rises to the third. Within its framework, he silently recites Surah “Fatiha” and bows from the waist. This is followed by a way out of this situation, bowing to the ground and sitting (kuud), within which the believer reads tashahhud, salavat, a verse from Surah Bakara, says greeting (salaam) and completes the prayer.

Night prayer (isha, yastu)- 4 rakats of fard and two sunnat.

Time: from the disappearance of the evening dawn to the beginning of the morning dawn.

Times when it is forbidden to pray

In one of his hadiths, the Mercy of the Worlds, Muhammad (s.g.w.), forbade the reading of prayer (salat):

1) when the sun rises until it rises, i.e. approximately 30 minutes after sunrise;

2) when the celestial body is at its zenith;

3) when the sun sets.

(A hadith with a similar meaning is cited by Bukhari, Muslim, an-Nasai, Ibn Majah).

Let us note that the sunnat parts of the five obligatory prayers mentioned above belong to the sunnah-muakkadah. These are the voluntary actions that the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) never missed. However, there is a subtype of sunnah that the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.w.) could sometimes miss. In fiqh, such actions are called “sunna ghair muakkada.” Let us list the cases when this sunnah occurs in relation to prayer:

1. Four rak'ahs before, that is, before the fard part of the prayer.

2. Two rakats after the midday (zuhr) prayer, that is, after two rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of this prayer.

3. Two rakats after the night prayer (isha), that is, after two rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of this prayer.

4. Two rakats after Friday prayer, that is, after the last four rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of juma prayer.

May your prayer be accepted by Allah!

News from Islamic countries

19.09.2017

The Hanafi madhhab is the most popular, tolerant and most widespread madhhab in the world of Islam. Among Sunnis, more than 85% of Muslims are Hanafis.

For those who decide to start prayer, I advise you to first learn the suras, verses and words that we say during prayer. You need to learn it correctly and without messing with words. And the movements performed during prayer are the easiest to learn.

Here I offer everything you need to know in prayer:

I suggest you print them out and carry them with you all the time and read them everywhere. Learn very quickly, in about 1 - 2 days. It is not difficult.

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1. Surah Al-Fatihah

Al-hamdu lil-lyahi rabbil-‘alamin.

Ar-rahmanir-rahim.

Myaliki Yaumid-din.

Iyyakya na'budu wa iyyakya nasta'in.

Ikhdinas-syratal-mustaqim.

Syratal-lyazina an’amta ‘aleikhim gairil-magdubi ‘aleikhim wa lad-dallin.

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2. Surah “Al-ikhlas” Quran sura 112

Kul huval-lahu ahad.

Allahus-samad.

Lam yalid wa lam yulyad wa lam yakul-lyahu kufuvan ahad

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3. Tahiyyat

At-tahiyyatu lil-lyahi vas-salawatu wat-tayyibat. As-salamu ‘aleika ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatul-lahi wa barakatuh. As-salamu ‘alaina wa ‘ala ‘ibadil-lyakhis-salihin. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa-llahu wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasulyukh.

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4. Salavat

Allahumma salli 'ala Muhammadin wa 'ala ali Muhammad

Kama salleyta ‘ala Ibrahima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahima

Innaka hamidun majid.

Allahumma barik 'ala Muhammadin wa 'ala ali Muhammad

Kama barakta ‘ala Ibrahima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahima

Innaka Hamidun Majid

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5. Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 201

Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan va fil-akhyrati hasanat va kyna ‘azaban-nar.

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6. “Subhaanakyal-lahumma va bihamdik, wa tabaarakyasmuki, wa ta’alaya jadduk, wa laya ilyayahe gairuk”

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7. “Subhaana rabbiyal-‘azim”

8. “Sami‘a laahu li men hamidekh”

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9. “Rabbanaa lakal-hamd”

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10. “Subhaana rabbiyal-a‘lyaya”

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11. ""As-salamu""alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatukh"".

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ATTENTION: after reading Surah Al-Fatiha, the word “Amin” is said quietly so that even a neighbor cannot hear it. Yelling the word "Amen" is prohibited!!! During prayer, place your feet shoulder-width apart.

Salat (prayer, namaz) is a pillar of religion. Performing it correctly, in accordance with the Sunnah, is the duty of every Muslim. Unfortunately, we often treat the fulfillment of this basic requirement of religion carelessly, following our whims, caring little about performing the prayer in accordance with the order that has come down to us from the Prophet.

This is why most of our prayers remain devoid of the blessing of the Sunnah, although fulfilling them according to all the rules will not require much time and labor from us. All we need is a little effort and diligence. If we spend a little time and attention to learn the correct way of praying and make it a habit, the time we now spend in praying will remain the same, but due to the fact that our prayers will be performed in accordance with the Sunnah , the blessings and rewards for them will be much greater than before.

The noble companions, may Allah be pleased with them all, paid great attention to the performance of each act of prayer, while continuing to learn from each other the observance of the Sunnah of the Prophet. Due to this necessity, this modest article collects methods of prayer practice according to the Sunnah according to the Hanafi madhhab and indicates errors in performing prayer, which have become widespread in our time. By the grace of Allah, the listeners found this work very useful. Some of my friends wanted to make this article available in print so that more people could benefit from its advice. Thus, the purpose of this brief overview is to explain the performance of prayer according to the Sunnah and its application in practice with due care. May Almighty Allah make this work useful for all of us and give us tawfiq in this.

By the Grace of Allah, there are a large number of books, large and small, which describe the performance of prayer. Therefore, the purpose of this work is not to present an exhaustive description of prayer and its rules; we will focus only on a few important points that will help bring the form of prayer in line with the requirements of the Sunnah. Another purpose of this work is the need to prevent errors in performing prayer, which have become widespread in our days. InshaAllah, the brief advice given here will help bring our prayers in accordance with the Sunnah (at least the appearance of our prayers) so that a Muslim can humbly come before the Lord.

Before you begin your prayer:

You must be sure that all of the following are done as expected.

1. You need to stand up, facing the qibla.

2. You need to stand straight, your eyes should look at the place where you will bow to the ground (sajdah). Bowing your neck and placing your chin on your chest is disliked (makruh). It is also wrong to assume a position where your chest is tilted. Stand straight so that your eyes are directed towards the place where you are making prostration (sajdah).

3. Pay attention to the position of the soles of your feet - they should also be directed towards the qibla (deviating the soles of your feet to the right or left is also contrary to the Sunnah). Both feet should be turned towards the qibla.

4. The gap between both feet should be small, about the size of four fingers.

5. If you perform namaz in jama'at (collectively), you need to be sure that you are all standing in a straight line. The best way to make the line straight is for each person to place the ends of both heels at the very end of the prayer mat or on a line that is marked on the mat (which separates one part of the mat from the other).

6. When you stand in jama'at, make sure that your hands are in close contact with the hands of those standing to your right and left, and that there are no gaps between you.

7. Leaving ankles closed is unacceptable, under any conditions. Obviously, the unacceptability of this during prayer increases. So make sure that the clothes you wear are higher than your ankles.

8. Sleeves should be long enough to cover the entire arm. Only the hands can be left open. Some people pray with their sleeves rolled up. It is not right.

9. It is also disgraceful (makruh) to perform prayer in clothes that you would not wear in public.

When you begin your prayer:

1. Make a niyat, or intention, in your heart that you are going to perform such and such a prayer. There is no need to say words of intention out loud.

2. Raise your hands up to your ears so that your palms are facing the qibla, the tips of your thumbs should touch your earlobes or run parallel to them. The remaining fingers are straight and pointing upward. There are those (who, when performing prayer), turn their palms (more) towards their ears, and not towards the qibla. Some practically cover their ears with their hands. Some make a sort of weak symbolic gesture, not raising their hands all the way to their ears. Some people grab part of the ear with their hand. All these actions are wrong and contrary to the Sunnah, so they should be abandoned.

3. Raising your hands up in this way, say: “Allahu Akbar.” Then, using your right thumb and little finger, wrap them around your left wrist and hold it that way. Then, you should place the three remaining fingers of your right hand (behind) your left hand so that these three fingers are facing towards the elbow.

4. Place your hands slightly below your navel, positioning them as described above.

Standing:

1. If you are performing your prayer alone or leading it as an imam, first of all, say the du’a Sanaa; then Surah Al-Fatiha, then several more Surahs. If you follow the Imam, you should say only the du'a Sanaa and then stand silently, listening carefully to the Imam's recitation. If you do not hear the recitation of the Imam, you should recite Surah Al-Fatihah mentally in your heart, but without moving your tongue.

2. When you read (namaz) yourself, it will be better if, while reading Al-Fatiha, you hold your breath on each verse and begin the next verse with a new sigh. Do not recite more than one verse in one breath. For example, hold your breath on (the verse): “Alhamdulillahi Rabbi-Aa’lyamin,” and then on: “Ar-Rahmani-r-Rahim,” and then on: “Maliki yaumid’din.” Say the entire Surah Al-Fatihah in this way. But it will not be a mistake if you say more than one verse in one breath.

3. Do not move any parts of your body unless necessary. Stand still - the quieter the better. If you want to scratch or do something similar, use only one hand, but do not do it unless very necessary, using a minimum of time and effort.

4. Transferring the entire weight of the body to only one leg so that the other leg remains as if weightless, so that the body acquires a certain bend, will be against the etiquette of prayer. Refrain from doing this. It is better to distribute your body weight equally on both legs, or if you do have to transfer your entire body weight to one leg, you need to do it in such a way that the other leg does not bend (does not form a crooked line).

5. If you feel the urge to yawn, try to refrain from it.

6. When you stand in prayer, direct your eyes to the place where you prostrate. Refrain from looking left, right or straight.

When you make a bow (ruku’):

When you bend over for a bow (ruku’), watch for the following:

1. Bend your upper body so that your neck and back are almost at the same level (one line). Do not bend above or below this level.

2. When doing the ruku, do not bend your neck so that your chin touches your chest, do not raise your neck above the level of your chest. The neck and chest should be at the same level.

3. In your hand’, keep your feet straight. Do not place them sloping inward or outward.

4. Place both your hands on your knees so that the fingers of both hands are not closed. In other words, when you hold your right knee with your right hand and your left knee with your left, there should be space between each two fingers

5. When you stand in a bow, your wrists and arms should remain straight. They should not bend or crook.

6. Remain in a bow at least for the time during which you can calmly say “Subhan Rabbiyal-Azym” three times.

7. When you are in a bow, your eyes should be fixed on the soles of your feet.

8. The weight of the body should be distributed on both feet and both knees should be parallel to each other.

When you get up from the hand position’:

1. As you rise from the arm position back to the standing position, be sure to stand straight without twisting or bending your body.

2. In this position, your eyes should also be directed to the place where you are making prostration (sajdah).

3. Sometimes someone just pretends to stand up straight, instead of standing up completely and standing straight, sometimes someone starts making sajdah without straightening up properly from the ruku position. In this case, it becomes obligatory for them to prostrate again. So try to refrain from doing this. If you are not sure that you have straightened yourself properly from the ruku’ position, do not begin to bow to the ground (sajdah).

When you make sajdah (prostration):

Remember the following rules when performing sajdah:

1. First of all, bend your knees and stand (knees) on the prayer mat in such a way that your chest does not lean forward. The chest should be lowered down when the knees are already on the floor.

2. Until your knees are on the floor, refrain as much as possible from bending or lowering your upper body. Laxity with regard to this special rule of prayer etiquette has become especially common these days. Many people immediately tilt their chest as they begin to descend into sajdah. But the correct method is the one described above. Unless this (the above) is done for a serious reason, this rule cannot be neglected.

3. After you kneel down, you lower yourself onto your hands, then lower the tip of your nose, then your forehead.

In sajdah (prostration):

1. While in a prostration, hold your head between your two hands, so that the ends of your thumbs are parallel to your earlobes.

2. When bowing to the ground, the fingers of both hands should remain pressed to each other, with no space left between them.

3. Fingers should be pointed towards the qibla.

4. Elbows should remain raised off the floor. Placing your elbows on the floor is incorrect.

5. Hands should be kept away from the armpits and sides. Do not cover your sides and armpits with your elbows.

6. At the same time, do not keep your elbows too spread out in different directions, thereby creating discomfort for those who pray next to you.

7. Your thighs should not touch your stomach, keep your thighs and stomach away from each other.

8. During the entire prostration, the tip of the nose should remain pressed to the floor.

9. Both feet should be placed vertically on the floor, with the heels pointing up and the toes turned up, pressed to the floor and directed towards the qibla. If someone cannot do this for some physiological reason, he should curl his fingers as much as possible. It is wrong to place your toes parallel to the floor without serious reasons.

10. Make sure that your feet do not leave the floor during the entire prostration. Some people perform sajdah without keeping any of their toes on the floor for a moment. In this case, their prostration is considered unfulfilled, and accordingly, the entire prayer becomes invalid. Be very careful to refrain from making such a mistake.

11. You need to be in the sajdah position for so long that you can calmly say “Subhan Rabbiyal-Aa’la” three times. Raising your head from the floor as soon as your forehead touches the ground is prohibited.

In the interval between two prostrations:

1. Having risen from the first bow to the ground, sit directly on your hips, calmly and comfortably. Then perform the second prostration (sajdah). Making a second prostration, without straightening, immediately after you have raised your head a little is a sin. If someone does (prostration) in this way, he will have to start the prayer again.

2. Tuck your left leg under you (like the blade of a hockey stick). Place your right foot vertically, so that your toes point towards the qibla. Some people tuck both legs under them and sit on their heels. It is not right.

3. While you are sitting, both hands should be on your hips, but your fingers should not go down (to the knees themselves), the fingertips should just reach the place where the edge of the knee begins.

4. While you are sitting, your eyes should be fixed on your knees.

5. You should remain in a sitting position for as long as you can say: “Subhanallah” at least once. If while sitting (between two prostrations) you say: “Allahumma gfirli varhamni vasturni vakhdini varzukni,” it will be even better. But there is no need to do this while performing fard prayer (obligatory prayer), it is better to do this while performing nafil prayer (additional prayer).

The second bow to the ground and the rise after it (rising up after it):

1. Make the second prostration in the same order as the first - first place both hands on the floor, then the tip of the nose, then the forehead.

2. The complete prostration must be the same as was discussed above in connection with the first prostration.

3. When you rise from the sajdah position, first lift your forehead from the floor, then the tip of your nose, then both hands, then your knees.

4. When getting up, it is better not to lean on the floor for support, however, if this is difficult to do (it is difficult to stand up without support) due to body weight, illness or old age, leaning on the floor for support is allowed.

5. After you rise to your original position, say: “Bismillah” before reciting Surah Al-Fatihah at the beginning of each rak’ah.

In the qa'da position (sitting between two rak'ahs of prayer):

1. Sitting in the position (qa'da) should be done in the same way as was described above in the part where it was said about sitting between two prostrations.

2. When you reach the words: “Ashhadu alla ilaha,” when reading (du’a) “At-tahiyyat,” you should raise your index finger with a pointing motion and lower it back when you say: “il-Allah.”

3. Method of making a pointing movement: you make a circle by connecting your middle and thumb, close your little finger and ring finger (the one next to it), then raise your index finger so that it points towards the qibla. You should not raise it straight up towards the sky.

4. Lowering the index finger, it is placed back in the same position that it had before the beginning of the pointing movement.

When you turn (to say salam):

1. When you turn to make salam in both directions, you should turn your neck so that your cheek is visible to those sitting behind you.

2. When you turn to (pronounce) salam, your eyes should be fixed on your shoulders.

3. Turning your neck to the right with the words: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatullah,” intend to greet all people and angels on the right. In the same way, when giving salaam to your left, have the intention of saluting all the people and angels on your left.

Method of making du'a

1. Raise both your arms up until they are in front of your chest. Leave a little space between both hands. Don't keep your hands close to each other and don't keep them far apart.

2. During du'a, the inside of the hands should be facing the face.

Namaz for women

The above method of performing prayer is intended for men. The prayer performed by women differs from that of men in some respects. Women should pay close attention to the following:

1. Before starting prayer, women should make sure that their entire body, except the face, hands and feet, is covered with clothing. Sometimes women pray with their hair uncovered. Some leave their wrists exposed. Some people use a scarf so thin or small that the hanging locks of hair can be seen through it. If during prayer at least a quarter of any part of the body remains open for such a time that is enough to say: “Subhan Rabbiyal-Azym” three times, then such a prayer becomes invalid. However, if a smaller part of the body remains open, the prayer will be valid, but (on such a person praying) sin will still remain.

2. For women, performing the prayer in the room is better than on the veranda, and performing it on the veranda is better than performing it in the courtyard.

3. At the beginning of prayer, women do not need to raise their hands to their ears, they only need to raise them to shoulder level. And your hands should be raised inside a scarf or other cover. You should not remove your hands from under the blanket.

4. When women cross their arms, they should simply place the palm of their right hand over the end of their left hand. There is no need to fold your hands at the level of the navel, like men.

5. When bowing from the waist (ruku’), women do not have to completely straighten their backs, like men. Also, they should not bend as low as men.

6. In the arm position, men should wrap their fingers around their knees; women only need to place their hands on their knees so that the fingers are located close to each other, that is, so that there is space between the fingers.

7. Women should not keep their legs completely straight; instead, they should bend their knees slightly forward.

8. In the ruku position, men should keep their arms extended to the sides. Women, on the contrary, should press their hands to their sides.

9. Women should keep both legs close to each other. Both knees should be almost connected so that there is no distance between them.

10. When performing sajdah, men should not lower their chests until they place both knees on the floor. Women do not need to adhere to this method - they can immediately lower their breasts and begin making sajdah.

11. Women should perform sajdah with their stomach pressed to their thighs and their arms pressed to their sides. In addition to this, they can place their feet on the floor, pointing them to the right side.

12. Men are not allowed to place their elbows on the floor during sajdah. But women, on the contrary, should place their entire arm, including their elbows, on the floor.

13. While sitting between two sajdahs and reciting At-Tahiyat, women sit on their left thigh, pointing both legs to the right and leaving their left leg on the right shin.

14. It is required of men that they carefully observe the position of their fingers during ruku', and hold them together in sajdah, and then leave them as they are during the rest of the prayer, when they do not make an effort to join or reveal them. But women are required to keep their fingers close to each other so that there is no free space between them. This must be done in the ruku' position, in sajda, between two sajdas and in qa'da.

15. It is makrooh (not desirable) for women to perform namaz with jama'at, performing prayer alone (will be) preferable for them. However, if their male mahrams (members of their family) perform namaz in the house, there will be nothing wrong if women also join them in jama'at. But in this situation it is necessary that they stand exactly behind the men. Women should not stand next to men in the same row.

Some essential rules of behavior in the mosque

1. When entering the mosque, say the following du’a:

“Bismillah salaam you ala Rasulullah. Allahumma aftahli abwaba rahmatik"

(“I enter (here) with the name of Allah and a prayer of blessing on His Messenger. O Allah, open to me the doors of Your Mercy.”)

2. Immediately after entering the mosque, make the intention: “I will remain in (the state of) i’tikaf all the time I am in the mosque.” Having done this, insha Allah, one can hope for spiritual benefits from i'tikaf (staying in the mosque).

3. When going inside the mosque, it is best to sit in the front row. If the first rows are already occupied, sit where you find a free seat. Walking over people's necks is unacceptable.

4. You should not greet those who are already sitting in the mosque and are busy with dhikr (remembering Allah) or reading the Koran. However, if one of these people is not busy and is looking at you, there is no harm in you greeting them.

5. If you want to perform sunnah or nafil prayer in the mosque, choose a place where the least number of people can pass in front of you. Some people begin their prayers in the back rows while there is plenty of free space in the front. This makes it difficult for other people to walk between them to find an empty seat. Performing prayer in this way is a sin in itself, and if someone passes in front of the person performing the prayer, then the sin of passing in front of the person praying also falls on the one performing such prayer.

6. After entering the mosque, if you have some free time before starting the prayer, then before sitting down, perform two rak'ahs (prayers) with the intention of tahiya al-masjid. This is a very commendable thing. If you do not have time before prayer, you can combine the intention for Tahiya al-Masjid with the intention for Sunnat prayer. If you do not have time even to perform the sunnat prayer, and the jama’at has already gathered (ready for prayer), this intention can be added to the intention for the fard prayer.

7. While you are in the mosque, continue to do dhikr. It is especially useful to say the following words:

“Subhanallah wal-hamdullilahi wa la ilaha il-Allah wa Allahu Akbar”

(“Glorified is Allah, all praise be to Allah, there is no God but Allah, Allah is Great”).

8. Do not allow yourself to be drawn into unnecessary conversations while you are (in the mosque), which may distract you from worship and prayer or dhikr (remembering Allah).

9. If the jama’at is already ready (already gathered) for prayer, fill out the first rows first. If there is free space in the front rows, you are not allowed to stand in the back rows.

10. When the imam takes his place on the minbar to deliver the Friday khutbah (sermon), it is not allowed to talk, greet someone or respond to a greeting until the end of the prayer. However, if someone starts talking at this time, it is also not allowed to ask him to remain silent.

11. During the sermon (khutbah), sit as you sit in qa’da (during prayer). Some people sit this way only in the first part of the khutbah, and then place their hands differently (remove them from their hips) in the second part. This behavior is wrong. You should sit with your hands on your hips during both parts of the sermon.

12. Refrain from anything that may spread dirt or odors throughout the mosque or cause harm to anyone.

13. When you see someone doing something wrong, ask them not to do it, calmly and gently. It is unacceptable to openly insult him, reproach him, or quarrel with him.

ATTENTION: for more details about prayer and how to perform ablution, you can

Prayer is one of the obligatory acts for a Muslim, which is designated as “fard”. Correct prayer is the key to success for a Muslim. You can read about how to read namaz correctly on our website. We read the prayer correctly with Namaz-time.

So, the main thing where you should start performing namaz is ritual ablution - taharat. After this, determine which direction the Kaaba is located and spread the prayer rug in this direction. The next obligatory action of the person praying is to pronounce the intention to perform the prayer. The intention is formulated as follows:

“I intended to perform 2 rakats of additional (sunnah) morning prayer, sincerely for the sake of Allah.” The number of rakats and the name of the prayer in this sentence are replaced depending on what kind of prayer you are going to read.

Reading the prayer correctly: the order of bowing

1. Takbir. During takbir, we raise our hands and say the words of takbir “Allah Akbar!” (Allah is great!). In this case, men touch their earlobes on the back side with their thumbs, and women raise their arms to shoulder level.
2. Sana. After this, men lower their hands below the navel and stack them on top of each other so that the right one remains on top. Women do the same, but their hands remain at chest level. The following reads: “Subhanaka-llahumma wa-bi-hamdika wa-tabaraka-smuka wa-tagala Hadduka wa-la ilaha gairuk” . (Glory to You, O Allah, and praise to You, blessed be Your Name, and exalted is Your presence, and there is no god but You. Aguzu bi-llahi mina-sh-shaitani-r-rahim. (I seek refuge in Allah from the shaitan, stoned).
3. Next, read Surah Al-Fatihah. “Bi-smi-llahi-r-rahmani-r-rahim Al-hamdu li-llahi rabbi-l-galamine. Ar-rahmani-r-rahim. Maliki yawmi-d-din. Iyyaka nagbudu wa yyyaka nastagin. Ikhdina-s-sirata-l-mustakim. Sirata-lazina 'an'amta 'alaihim gairi-l-magdubi 'alaihim wa-la-d-dallin' . (Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the Gracious, the Merciful, the King on the Day of Judgment. We worship You and ask You to help, lead us along the straight road, along the path of those whom You have blessed - not those who are under anger, and not those who are lost ).
4. After Al-Fatiha, any other surah from the Koran is read. For example, Al-Ikhlas: “Bismi-llahi-r-rahmani-r-rahim. Kul hua-llahu ahad. Allahu s-samad. Lam yalid wa-lam yulad. Wa-lam yakul-lahu kufuvan 'ahad". (Say: “He is Allah, the Eternal, neither begat nor was He begotten, nor was there any equal to Him.”)
5. Bow from the waist. After pronouncing the takbir “Allah Akbar”, we lean forward and say “Subhana rabbiyya-l-‘aziym” (Glory to my Great Lord) three times.
6. Having pronounced the takbir “Allah Akbar,” we straighten up and say: “Sami’a-Allahu liman hamidah” (Allah hears the one who praises Him.) “Rabbana laka-l-hamd.” (Our Lord, only praise be to You.)
7. Again we say the takbir “Allah Akbar” and bow to the ground. First the knees touch the ground, then the hands, and then the forehead and nose. In this position we say “Subhana rabbiyya-l-a‘la!” three times. (Glory to my Supreme Lord).
8. We say the takbir “Allah Akbar” and come to a sitting position.
9. We repeat the prostration again.
10. After pronouncing takbir, we return to the original position, when the hands are connected at the navel level for men and at the chest level for women. (This is how the first rakah ends.)
11. In the second rakah, all the same actions are repeated with the exception of some:
    • one should not read sana and tasavuh;
    • after Surah Al-Fatiha, it is advisable to read another Surah from the Koran;
    • after the second prostration, it is necessary to read the Tashahud.
12. We sit down and read the following: “At-tahiyyatu li-llahi wa-s-salawatu wa-t-tayyibat. As-salamu ‘alaika ayyuha-n-nabi, wa-rahmatu-llahi wa-barakatuh. As-salamu ‘alaina wa-‘ala ‘ibadhi-llahi-s-salihin. Ashhadu 'al-la 'ilaha 'illa-llahu wa-ashhadu 'anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa-rasuluh'. (Glorifications, prayers, godly deeds to Allah. O Prophet, peace be upon you, the mercy of Allah and His blessing. Peace and health to us and the righteous servants of Allah. I testify that there is no god except Allah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger) .
13. If the prayer consists of two rak'ahs, then you should read salawat, ayat-dua and give salam. If the prayer consists of 4 rak'ahs, after tashahhud you should return to 1 rak'ah and repeat everything again.
14. Salavat: “Allahumma sally 'ala Muhammadiv-wa-'ala 'ali Muhammadin kama sallayta 'ala 'Ibrahima wa-'ala 'ali 'Ibrahima, 'innaka hamidum-mahid. Allahumma barik 'ala Muhammadiv-wa-'ala 'ali Muhammadin kama barakta 'ala 'Ibrahima wa-'ala 'ali 'Ibrahima, 'innaka hamidum-mahid.'(Allah! Bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are Glorious, Praiseworthy and Great. Allah! Show Your generosity to Muhammad and his family, as You bestowed Your generosity on Ibrahim and his family. Verily, You are Glorious , Praised and Great.)
15. Ayat-dua: “Rabbana 'atina fi-d-dunya hasanatav-va-fi-l-'ahirati hasanatav-va-kina 'azaba-n-nar.” (Our Lord, grant us good in the near life and good in the last and protect us from the punishment of fire).
16. Salam. Turning our heads to the right we say: As-salamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatu-llah. (Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah). We repeat the same thing, turning our head to the left side.
17. At the end of the prayer we say dua “Allahumma 'anta-s-salaam, wa-minka-s-s-salaam! Tabarakta ya za-l-halali va-l-’ikram!” . (O Allah, You are peace, and peace comes from You, Your grace has increased, O possessor of greatness and honor). You have learned how to perform namaz correctly. Perhaps at the beginning this procedure will seem complicated and unmemorable to you. However, daily practice will help you master a new activity.

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Namaz is the daily sacrament of a Muslim turning to Allah through reading prayer texts five times. Prayers for namaz are divided into 5 temporary stages, each of which is mandatory.

In order to perform namaz, a devout Muslim must be spiritually prepared for the sacrament:

• perform the ritual of ablution - “takharet”;
• be sober (drugs and alcohol are prohibited the day before);
• choose a clean, quiet and well-lit place for prayer;
• Muslim clothes are selected to be clean, washed, and not lower than the ankles;
• Before resorting to sacred prayers, you must turn your face towards the Qibla (Kaaba) and read “niyat” - words indicating the intention to pray.

Prayers for namaz: types and their features

Before describing the sacrament in detail, let us consider several concepts known to every Muslim. The above-mentioned Kaaba (Qibla, Qibla) is the house of Allah. Rakaat (rakagat) is the order of words and physical actions in Muslim prayer.

Rakaats include:

• reading Sura - chapter of the Koran;
• reading Ayats (structural unit (verse) of the Koran);
• hand - bows from the waist, palms should reach the knees;
• sujud - deep (down to earth) bows; kiyam—kneeling; Taslim - greetings to those standing nearby.

According to legend, the prophet Moses dictated to Muhammad during a night journey the importance of five daily prayers (salats). Let's look at them in more detail:

• Salat assubh is a “morning prayer” performed between dawn and sunrise, which includes two rakats - fajr.
• Salat azzuhr is a ritual performed from the moment the sun is at its zenith - “midday prayer” containing four rakqats - zuhr.
• Salat Asr is an “afternoon (pre-evening) prayer” carried out immediately after Zuhr, also four-rakats.
• Salat Maghrib is a sunset (evening) prayer with three rakqat, performed in the interval after sunset until dark.
• Salat Isha is a four-rak night prayer, performed at the end of all previous salats.

Prayer "At Namaz"

“SUBHANAKA” SUBHAANAKA ALLAAHUMMA UA BI-HAMDIK, UA TABAAROKA-SMUK, UA TAGYAALAYA JADDUK, (UA JALLYA tKHANAAAA UK “read only in namaz janazah”) UA LAYAYAYA ILYAYAHA GOYRUK”

Rules for performing namaz

Muslims must perform all prayers in Arabic, as prescribed in the Koran. Therefore, every true Muslim studies the Koran throughout his childhood, and not just studies, but crams the holy scripture to perfection.

Each word or phrase corresponds to a specific action (bow, handshake, kneeling, etc.). Moreover, an incorrectly applied unnecessary action or the deliberate use of incorrect speech patterns or sound distortion makes the prayer invalid.

Muslim religions strictly restrict women's rights in everyday life. These restrictions also apply to the reading of prayer. For example, it is not advisable for a woman to go to the mosque. She must pray at home, and during the ceremony she must be covered with an opaque blanket. It is forbidden for Muslim women to raise their arms high and spread their legs wide, and she must even pull in her stomach while bowing.

Daily Muslim prayers are designed to strengthen faith and perfect worship of Allah. Brought up in the strictest religious traditions, Muslims are very sensitive and strict about their beliefs and their faith; the Christian faith in this regard is inferior to Eastern religions.

For failure to perform prayer for unjustified reasons, the soul of every Muslim suffers a serious sin, which Allah immediately punishes. And a person has to pray to Allah in more serious ways than praying five times a day.

Video: Prayers for prayer