Distilled water how to make it. How to make tap water distilled. How to make distilled water using your home lab

Distilled water can be bought at the pharmacy, but it is not difficult to prepare it yourself at home without using special equipment.

Distilled water

Distilled water is ordinary water from which foreign substances and chemical compounds have been removed.

It is widely used not only in industry and medicine; the range of use of distilled water in everyday life is expanding every day.

It is added to the electrolyte of car batteries, used to dilute antifreeze and antifreeze washer fluid, poured into electric ones and added to aquariums, water the plants with it, in the end, they just drink it.

In industry, distilled water is obtained in special devices - distillers. You can cleanse water from impurities at home by evaporating or freezing it using simple home remedies.

Water preparation

First of all, let the water to be distilled settle. Chlorine and hydrogen sulfide compounds evaporate from the water into the atmosphere within 2 hours, various impurities and salts of heavy metals settle to the bottom of the dishes after 6 hours.

After pouring water into glassware (for example, three-liter jars), let it stand for at least 6 hours. After dipping the tube into the bowl so that its end touches the bottom, drain about a third of the water from the bottom of the bowl with it.

Evaporation

Pour the prepared water into an enamel pan, filling it about halfway, and put on fire.

Place the grid support from the gas oven in the water, place a deep glass or porcelain plate on it. Cover the pot with a lid on top.

It is advisable that the lid of the pot is not flat, but domed. In this case, turn it over so that it is directed with its convex part into the pan.

When the water in the pot boils and begins to evaporate, to speed up the process of condensation of water vapor, you can put a bag of ice (snow) on the lid of the pot or put a container with very cold water.

Particles of water vapor, reaching the cold lid, will turn into droplets of purified (distilled) water and, having escaped down the convex surface of the lid, fall into a glass plate or bowl.

It is in a glass vessel that distilled water will be collected after a fairly short period of time.

Freezing

Fill a glass jar, plastic bottle or other utensil with prepared water and place in the freezer.

If using a metal pan, place a piece of cardboard, plywood, or plastic underneath to prevent it from freezing to the bottom of the freezer.

After half of the water turns into ice, remove the dishes with water and ice from the freezer. Drain the unfrozen water, consisting of salts and chemicals, and thaw the remaining ice at room temperature.

The water formed from will be purified from foreign chemicals and compounds, that is, it will be distilled.

In the cold season, at sub-zero temperatures, distilled water can be prepared by placing dishes with water outside, thus saving energy.

A way for the lazy

Let it rain and place a ceramic, glass, or plastic bowl in an open area. Rainwater, at its core, is distilled water prepared in a huge distillation apparatus named after nature.

With this approach, you are unlikely to stock up with a large volume of distilled water, but you will still be able to collect some of it.

Good luck to you! May you succeed!

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Laboratory distiller diagram: 1 - cooled air; 2 - fan; 3 - steam; 4 - thermal deflector; 5 - heater; 6 - distilled water; 7 - collection; 8 - active carbon filter; 9 - stainless steel coil

It is clear - the more complex the equipment, the higher the degree of water distillation (degree of purification). On the other hand, simple equipment for obtaining distilled water is less expensive, seems affordable and easy to manufacture at home.

But an important point should be noted - distillation destroys substances useful to the body along with sewage. Essentially, a good distillation produces a "dead" distilled product.

Therefore, distilled water is usually used for technical needs. For example, how. You can drink it, but only in the absence of a familiar (natural) product.

Nevertheless, we will consider the simplest ways to get distilled water at home, and in case a person finds himself in extreme conditions.

Of interest, perhaps, should be the simplest ways to obtain distilled water at home, and in case - when a person is in extreme situations.

Method 1. Distillation on a home stove

It is not difficult to obtain distilled water by heating on a stove or other similar heat sources. The procedure requires one large vessel and another smaller one. A smaller capacity is intended for collecting prepared distilled water.

The small vessel can be left floating on the surface of the liquid poured into the first, the large vessel. Or install a collection of distilled water somehow just above the level of a large-capacity liquid. For a large vessel, a spherical lid is required to fit the diameter of the neck.

Distiller home scheme: 1 - inverted hemispherical container lid; 2 - cold water or ice; 3 - insulator; 4 - distilled liquid; A - size 300 mm; B - size 90 mm

The hemispherical shape is needed to obtain the effect of dripping moisture formed by condensation drops. The large vessel is covered with a lid, turning it over with its curved part downward, directing the top of the hemisphere into the small vessel - a collection of distilled water.

1. Aluminum (stainless) capacity for 20-25 liters.
2. Hemispherical cover (aluminum, stainless steel).
3. Small glass or metal container 0.5-1 l.
4. Stock of frozen ice.

Place the vessel (1) on the plate. Fill with regular (untreated) liquid 2/3 of the volume. Load a small container (3) inside to collect distilled water. Cover the vessel with a lid, turning the top of the hemisphere over to the collector of distilled water.

Due to the ice mass placed on the outside of the hemispherical lid, a better vapor condensation effect is obtained. This speeds up the process of liquid distillation.

Under its own gravity, the condensate will drain along an inclined tangent directly into the collector - a small container. This is the desired result - prepared distilled water.

As the collector is filled, distilled water is poured into another, designed for long-term storage of the product in a hermetically sealed state.

Great care should be taken when choosing a container for storing distilled water. It should be a container of good quality, ideally clean, capable of storing liquids for long periods without access to the external environment.

Otherwise, the collected distilled water will quickly lose its properties. All the work done will turn into an empty undertaking.

Method 2. Distillation from plants

This option for obtaining a liquid for drinking can be conditionally called extreme. The method is applicable in long-distance travel or in severe emergency situations. In fact, you can organize distillation with almost any water source.

The main thing is to understand the principle of distillation, which will automatically open the ability of representations to create many potential distillers. For example, the creation of a plant for obtaining distilled water from plants living in deserts.

Plants are sources of clean drinking water. True, not every type of plant is successfully suitable for obtaining moisture - life-giving, suitable for consumption.

It should be noted right away that the distillation process is long-term and laborious. The essence is as follows:

If you place a plastic bottle in a sunny location, the warmth of the sun will create a greenhouse effect inside the container. Moisture forms on the walls of the bottle. By adding fresh plants to the inside of the plastic bottle, the process can be enhanced.

Of course, you should use safe plants that do not contain volatile toxins, since they will inevitably collect in the resulting distilled water.

Cacti and ferns are the best choice. Another question is that these plants are not available in all areas.

Evaporation inside a plastic bottle from moisture in plant leaves. Under certain conditions, this moisture can be collected by distillation.

And now, based on the noted research, a distillation practice that can come in handy under extreme conditions. What is required?

1. Fresh leaves of vegetation.
2. Plastic wrap (packing film).
3. A clean jar or other suitable container.
4. Small stone.

First of all, you need to dig a hole in the ground on a sunlit site. The depth of the hole must be such that the bank placed in the hole remains below ground level.

Place the jar in the hole with the neck up. Cover the hole with fresh herbs in a circle. Cover the entire structure with plastic wrap. Press the edges of the film with stones or dirt to create an airtight inner space to enhance the distillation effect.

In the place where the conditional center of the can's neck is located, carefully put a small stone on the film. As a result, a film drop forms over the can.

As the sun warms up, a greenhouse effect appears, and condensation forms on the film. The resulting distilled water will flow down the film into the jar.

Method 3. Distillation with two bottles

Here the principle of obtaining distilled water is not much different from the previous one, but in terms of configuration it is even simpler than the version with plants. True, in this version, a source of dirty water is also needed.

Perhaps this is the simplest design - a two-bottle distiller. Both plastic containers and glass containers are suitable. The main principle of construction is placement at the right angle

The main point of distillation is to have two plastic or glass bottles on hand, complete with lids.

One of the bottles is filled with water (untreated) to about 2/3 of its volume. A hole must be made on the end part of the cap of this bottle, then screw the cap tightly onto the neck of the bottle.

The second bottle remains empty. The cap of this vessel is also complemented by a hole and is also tightly screwed onto the neck. Further, both bottles must be connected with necks towards each other. Wrap the junction tightly with tape.

The distiller obtained in this way is placed in a sunny place. After a few minutes, the first drops will appear in an empty vessel.

The device, by the way, can be successfully used for the distillation of sea water. The only drawback is that it takes a long time to obtain a sufficient volume of purified liquid.

Solar distiller to the country

Some craftsmen manage to develop unique equipment with their own hands, which is applicable, for example, for summer cottages or for areas where access to clean fresh water is limited.

So, a certain resident of the USA created a distiller, with the help of which up to 5 liters of pure water is distilled per day.

A device for distilling a liquid using heating by the sun. An economical and quite effective installation that can become a traditional tool for summer residents

The design of the "summer cottage" solar installation is based on two modules:

1. Parabolic mirror
2. Evaporation chamber

The parabolic mirror is made from available materials. In particular, the usual foil used in the kitchen was used to create a reflective surface.

Foil pasted over the surface of a sheet of mylar, which is placed in a frame made of aluminum strips (by the way, there are foil mylar sheets on sale).

The mirror is located in the lower part of the solar distiller structure. Above is the evaporation chamber, which consists of an aluminum pan covered with a plastic panel. The bottom wall of the pallet is painted with black paint (for better absorption of the heat of sunlight).

The plastic pallet panel acts as a condenser. The collection of water droplets from the inner surface of the panel is carried out through a discharge tube. Distilled water is discharged through a tube into a collection container.

The system works by reflecting the sun's rays by a mirror, focusing and directing the radiant energy to the bottom of the pallet. Uncleaned in a pan (theoretically up to 90 ° C), evaporates and condenses on the surface of the plastic panel.

Interesting construct for reflection and repetition. True, not devoid of the following disadvantages:

• manual control of the mirror position,
• low productivity (no more than 5 liters per day),
• significant dimensions of the structure (mirror area about 2 m 2).

Nevertheless, the idea itself deserves attention and should be especially interesting for owners of country houses, summer cottages, agricultural business, where problems with drinking water are noted.

The solar distillation plant attracts, among other things, energy efficiency. And this is an important argument for any user.

Video tips for using home distillers

If you are afraid that you will buy fake distilled water, which you bought, for example, in order to dilute the antifreeze concentrate, or to fill it in a battery, then there is a great way not to play roulette in search of quality water in the retail network, but to make it yourself. Yes, yes, you heard right, any of you can do it at home. How? Let's tell you now.

Also, this method of obtaining distilled water is suitable for those who do not want to drink tap water, spend money on questionable water filters, or buy water from the store every day. True, about the use of distilled water has long been debated about its harm to the body. And although science has not yet said anything unambiguous about distilled water, we still do not recommend that you use it as a drink. Another thing is when you use distilled water.

Why is distilled water used to dilute antifreeze or add to the battery?

The thing is that, unlike ordinary water, distilled water does not contain various chemical impurities: salts, carbon, minerals, gases, etc. All these impurities, when they enter, for example, into the engine cooling system, can adversely affect her,.

As for the battery, if you add regular tap water to it, you will quickly destroy even a new battery.

So only distilled water can be added to prepare the correct electrolyte.

So how can you make your own distilled water in your kitchen at home? The process is actually quite simple. You do not need special laboratory equipment with which distilled water is produced on an industrial scale.

Distillation of water will remove bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, radionuclides, organic substances, inorganic substances and salt particles, minerals, toxins from it. In fact, after distillation, the water will be perfectly clean.

By the way, distillation is literally a natural method that we can see in nature. So, the sun heats water on the earth's surface, the water turns into steam (evaporation process). Steam rises up leaving water pollutants at the bottom. This is how clear clouds are formed, representing water in a gaseous state. But as the upper atmosphere lowers the air temperature, the water vapor also cools, turning back into water. That is, water droplets are formed that fall to the ground (rain). As a result, the cycle repeats over and over.

Various methods can be used to distill water. Basically, in order to distill water, you need to boil it to produce steam. As a result, all the pollutants contained in the water will remain in the container, and the purified water will turn into a gaseous state (steam).

The point is that the pollutants contained in water have a higher boiling point than water (H 2 O).

Once the water has completely evaporated, to get distilled water from steam, we need to cool it down so that it condenses back into water. So, as you can see, boiling alone will not be enough to obtain pure water. After all, you still need to turn the steam back into water.

Now let's move on directly to the preparation of distilled water at home.

Here's what you should do:

Step 1: Materials

You will need:

Casserole with lid. The lid on one side must be concave inward. That is, you need a domed lid for the pan. This niche on the back of the lid will serve as a container for ice.

Ice. As you already understood, we also need it. Its amount varies depending on the ambient temperature in the kitchen and the amount of water needed to distill it into a distillate.

So if you want to make a lot of distilled water, make a large pot and lots of ice. In this case, the distillation process will take longer.

Glass bowl. It is needed in order to immerse it in a pan so that it does not sink to the bottom, but floats in ordinary water, collecting condensate that will be obtained from cooling the steam with ice.

Step 2: filling and heating

Fill a pot with much more water than you want to distill. Boil water over medium heat.

Step 3: Place the bowl on top of the water in the saucepan and close it with the back lid.

Now it's time to place the glass bowl in the pot on top of the water. Moreover, this must be done so that the bowl does not sink, and also so that the boiling water does not fall into the bowl. Also make sure the bowl can hold enough water before submerging it.

Step 4: ice

Place the lid on the pot and place the ice on it. How much ice to use depends on how big the lid is. The main thing is that the water from the melted ice does not get into the pan. That is, you must monitor the process of melting the ice and pour out the accumulated water.

Ice is used to cool the distillate and to improve condensation. Yes, of course, you can distill water without using ice, but in this case, distillation will take longer.

Step 5: Condensate formation

If you lift the lid off the pot a little when the water boils, you will see small drops of water under the lid forming and falling into a glass bowl floating on the surface of the water. In fact, we created a mini-ecosystem of the water cycle in nature.

For residents of modern cities, distilled water has become more affordable - it is prepared in household distillers. Why such water is needed, what are its advantages and disadvantages, what properties it has - such questions arise for those who are interested in a healthy lifestyle.

The effect of distilled water on the body raises many questions, rumors, and conjectures. Naturopaths claim that it is incredibly useful, can work wonders and keep you young. The other extreme in judgments about such water is that it flushes out everything useful from the body, contributes to the destruction of teeth, bones, etc. The truth, most likely, is somewhere in the middle, it has yet to be established by further reasoning.

Water purified from various impurities has special physical properties, different acidity and is an excellent solvent.

Not a single chemical laboratory can do without it. It finds application in many areas of human activity.

Otherwise, this is ordinary water. It pours on people's heads from the sky during the rain, is part of all juicy fruits and vegetables, glitters on the grass with dew drops in the morning. For industrial purposes, such water is obtained in special installations or using household distillers.

Properties and chemical composition

Water purified from impurities and salts is still not absolutely pure. Atmospheric gases are dissolved in it. Thanks to carbon dioxide, the pH of water is in the range of 5.5 - 6.5, the reaction of the medium is weakly acidic. Such a liquid is easily heated above the boiling point and cooled below the freezing point.

Water purified by a distiller cannot be a conductor of electric current. If this statement is not confirmed by checking the purchased water, it means that inadmissible impurities are present in it.

According to GOST, distilled water must meet certain indicators.

Let's summarize them in a table:

Chemical element	Mass concentration rate
ammonia and ammonium salts (NH 4), mg / dm 3	0,02
nitrates (KO 3), mg / dm 3	0,2
sulfates (SO 4), mg / dm 3	0,5
chlorides (Cl), mg / dm 3	0,02
aluminum (Al), mg / dm 3	0,05
iron (Fe), mg / dm 3	0,05
calcium (Ca), mg / dm 3	0,8
copper (Cu), mg / dm 3	0,2
lead (Pb),%,	0,05
zinc (Zn), mg / dm 3	0,2
substances reducing КМnО 4 (O), mg / dm 3	0,08

Can I drink distilled water?

The most useful water that is drunk in the morning on an empty stomach is distilled. At night, the body intensively recovered after the last working day. Drinking water will help remove toxins dissolved in the blood. Since distilled water contains no salts, it is an excellent solvent.

• If you drink cold water, the kidneys will give the main cleansing of the blood. Intestinal peristalsis will also work, due to the low temperature of the liquid.
• If you drink a warm liquid, intestinal peristalsis will not work, but the excretory capacity of the skin and lungs is activated. A larger amount of water with slags dissolved in it will come out this way.

Distilled water is great for cleansing, but you can't use it all day.

It should only go into an empty stomach, otherwise digestion will be disturbed. Before meals, distilled water can be drunk no later than 1 hour.

During sports, water is actively lost. The feeling of thirst after exercise suggests that the blood is too thick, the heart is hard to work. But you can't drink during class. There will be a sharp increase in blood volume, the heart will be too stressed.

You can drink only after a short rest, when the initial state of the pulse is restored. To improve performance, it is better to drink alkaline water, instead of distilled water, before and after classes.

Home cooking

Distilled water, purified from all impurities, is obtained using a special apparatus - a water distiller. It, thanks to a steam generator, converts ordinary water into distillate. Usually it takes 1 hour to prepare 1 liter of distilled water.

To prepare the distillate, it is advisable to buy spring water or use it passed through a food filter - then the distiller will last longer. If you have to take water from the tap, it must first settle for 1 day.

If you are wondering how to make distilled water at home, then take note of a couple of simple "recipes":

• The easiest option is to draw clean water when it rains. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to do this in the city, because the air is polluted by car exhaust and smoke from factory chimneys.
• A second simpler option is to use the condensation of steam on the lid while boiling. To do this, you need to pour half a pot of water, put it on fire, put an empty bowl made of fireproof glass or stainless steel inside. Cover the pot with an inverted lid. And put ice on top of the lid. As the water boils, steam will condense on the surface of the lid and drip into the bowl in the saucepan. After half an hour, the empty bowl will be filled with a little distilled water.

Scope of use of distilled water

Distilled water is widely used in various spheres of human activity:

• for medical equipment;
• in the pharmacy;
• in production;
• in cosmetology;
• when operating household appliances;
• in cars.

Any housewife knows that a steam iron and a humidifier will last longer if you fill it with distilled water. And the motorist constantly buys distillate for the battery of his car.

Therefore, let us first consider the positive properties of distilled water, purified from everything harmful:

• the composition of such water is identical to that contained in the plant cells of juicy fruits;
• it does not contain an excess of mineral salts that are poorly absorbed by the body;
• it removes toxins from the body well;
• quenches thirst;
• has no taste or smell.

Distilled water drunk in the morning on an empty stomach - what is it? Good for the health of the body, as many people have seen. It improves metabolism, stimulates cellular respiration. It perfectly dissolves all the toxins in the blood and removes them from the body.

However, such water has its drawbacks.

According to doctors, getting into the body, it can cause stress, is poorly absorbed by cells, and causes other negative processes:

• high acidity of water does not allow maintaining the desired acid-base balance in the body;
• the distillation process takes a long time, requires special equipment;
• improper use of distilled water can increase the stress on the cardiovascular system, worsen the stomach.

The quality of purified water is affected by the type of apparatus used to obtain it. When prepared in a cheap non-food distiller, water can taste bad. It is interesting that a moonshine still is also a kind of distiller.

It is difficult to imagine modern society without distilled water; its benefits in industrial production and everyday life are undeniable. And the alleged harm to the body can manifest itself only in ignorance. It is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of physiological processes, do not drink water during physical activity or eating. It is advisable to replenish the balance of mineral salts in the body. But even with the use of ordinary drinking water, the intake of vitamin-mineral complexes is sometimes necessary.

It can be concluded that distilled water is the most common, without harmful impurities. It can harm only out of ignorance, and is useful not only for industrial, technical and domestic purposes, but also for food.

Distilled water is usually obtained during the distillation of ordinary raw water in a special apparatus - a distiller. However, there are other ways to obtain distilled water, which should not be forgotten. So, let's get to know them.

What is needed to obtain distilled water?

In the tropics, water placed in shallow trays is heated by the sun's heat, thereby creating a greenhouse effect leading to condensation of water vapor. Typically, such installations are located in coastal tropical areas. There is nothing complicated in the distillation process itself, but if it is organized on a solid industrial scale, then many problems arise.

Distilled water in relatively small quantities is usually obtained in a separate room (cocktail or still room). Sometimes they use a separate place, fenced off to the very ceiling. It is forbidden to carry out any work in these premises that is not related to the distillation of water.

If it is not possible to use a separate room to obtain distilled water, then the receiver for collecting distilled water (distillate) is isolated so that outside impurities (microorganisms and dust particles contained in the air) cannot enter it. This is not difficult to achieve - the receiver is placed in a glass box painted with white oil paint (on the inside and outside).

The constituent parts of the distillation apparatus are usually of the same type. This is a boiler (otherwise - a cube or a chamber for evaporation), a steam outlet (helmet and connecting pipes) and a condenser (also known as a refrigerator). The level of water in the boiler is monitored using a special water gauge glass. Distillate (purified water) enters the receiver, which is usually used as a glass bottle.

Distillation devices can have various designs (circulation (continuous) and batch). They can use various heating methods (using wood, kerosene, electricity or gas).

Obtaining distilled water at home

At home, distilled water can easily be obtained using (optionally) any of the methods described below (naturally, on a much smaller scale, in comparison with the methods discussed above).

The first option for obtaining purified water is sedimentation. We collect ordinary water (from the tap) into a container of the volume we need (open is important). We leave it to stand for a couple of hours (the goal is to get rid of hydrogen sulfide and chlorine). If you wait about six hours, then metal salts and impurities will settle to the bottom. The ideal time for this method of obtaining purified water can be considered a day. But here the obtained water can be considered with distilled water with a stretch (the precipitate should not be used, it is better to drain it).

The next option for water purification is evaporation. This procedure will require a little more effort from you. For 24 hours, tap water should settle. Then pour it into a saucepan placed on the stove. After boiling the water, place a pan with a smaller diameter. The entire structure is covered with a lid. The water starts to boil, the vapors collect on the lid (this is already purified water) and then drip directly into a small saucepan.

Another option for obtaining distilled water is freezing. Pour water into a plastic bottle and place it in the freezer (in winter you can go to the balcony). The water freezes halfway - you take out the bottle and drain the water from there (it contains unnecessary impurities). After thawing the ice left in the bottle, you get purified water.