Church of Zechariah and Elizabeth. Church of Saints Zechariah and Elizabeth of the Cavalry Regiment
). The architectural appearance of this unusual building combines elements of pseudo-Gothic and Romanesque styles. According to its purpose, the church is not only a religious building, but also a landmark clearly distinguishable from the sea for ships passing along the coast.
This is the cultural center of Tarkhankut, one of the first parish schools in the Western Crimea worked here for a long time.
Architecture
The Christian Church of Saints and Righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth, built in 1838, owes its creation to the Governor-General of the Novorossiysk Territory, the owner of the Ak-Mechet economy, Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov. The author of the project was the architect Torricelli.
The building of the temple, built in the pseudo-Gothic style, widespread in Europe in the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries, attracted attention with the originality of its architecture and served as a reference point for ships sailing to Ak-Mechetskaya Bay. The travelers enjoyed inspecting and visiting "an ordinary house with lancet windows, with a quadrangular tower attached to it, on which an octagonal pyramidal spire 120 feet high."
The church was built with an unusual bell tower - like the English cathedrals of the time of William Shakespeare. Elements of Romanesque architecture are found in the design of windows and doors (semicircular arches in window and door openings). The building is absolutely unlike the Orthodox churches familiar to believers: there are no gilded domes or rich portals, complex window frames have been replaced with modest stone carvings, stained glass windows are used for decoration, and a high bell tower with a semicircular spire resembles a tower of ancient residences of feudal lords. The locals are used to the unusual architecture of the church building. But the visitors express their sincere surprise when they find out that this is an original building of the first half of the 19th century - an Orthodox church.
The temple was built during the period of the spread in Europe and Russia of the "pseudo-Gothic" style, which revived the architectural forms and decorative motifs of medieval Gothic. Mikhail Vorontsov was the son of a Russian envoy to England, lived in London for a long time, had an addiction to Western culture, so he was commissioned just such a project.
Story
After the inclusion in 1783 of Crimea in the Russian Empire and the settlement by immigrants from Russia and Ukraine of the territories emptied as a result of the emigration of the Crimean Tatars, the need to build an Orthodox church became obvious.
We must pay tribute to the skillful and enterprising owners of the Tarkhankut estates, who were able to equip this distant corner of Crimea not only economically, but also took care of the spirituality of the settlers.
So today there is a Christian church in the village of Chernomorskoye, previously called Ak-Mechet, as a symbol of a new era in Crimea, the era of Catherine II, Potemkin, Dolgoruky and Suvorov, Ushakov and Kutuzov.
In the 30s of the XIX century M. S. Vorontsov resettled peasants from Russia to Tarkhankut and, in order to consolidate the Christian population, in 1838 built a “stone church with a beautiful fence” and consecrated in the name of the saints and righteous Zacharias and Elizabeth.
“Those walking to Ak-Mosque from the west will first see the eastern cape of Karantin, with walls descending to the sea, then a fish factory, buildings on the embankment ... In the rear of the coastal buildings there is a Gothic church with a high bell tower, behind it is a settlement. As we approach Ak-Mechetskaya Bay, the church with a bell tower will be visible above the eastern cape ... ", - mentions the church of the saints and righteous Zechariah and Elisabeth Lotsi of the Black Sea in 1851.
It also says that the bell tower is visible 16 or 17 miles away like a minaret (1 mile is equal to 1852 meters).
Archival data indicate the date of the construction of the church - 1838. This is also mentioned by Hermogenes, Bishop of Pskov, former Tauride and Simferopol in the book "Tauride Diocese".
The iconostasis in the Ak-Mechet church was one-tiered, did not differ in special luxury, dilapidated, as indicated in later church documents. The throne in the temple is one in the name of the saints and righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth, revered on September 5. Proverbs on the basis of the Decree of the Holy Synod of March 1, 1865 No. 3 was supposed to consist of a priest and a psalmist.
The landlords Count M.S.Vorontsov and V.S.Popov rendered significant support to the church, who channeled 100 rubles each from their savings for its maintenance. in year.
The names of the saints in whose honor the temple was consecrated were not accidental. According to the Biblical tradition, the saints and righteous Zacharias and his wife Elizabeth were venerated in the Christian church as the forefathers of John the Baptist.
Count Vorontsov's wife was called Elizaveta Ksaveryevna (nee Branitskaya). Smart, charming, educated, she enjoyed the gratitude and respect of those around her. AS Pushkin was selflessly in love with her, he dedicated the poem "The Burnt Letter" to her. Until the end of his days, Alexander Sergeevich wore a ring presented to him by Elizaveta Ksaveryevna. And for a long time she kept the poet's letters, rereading them and after tragic death poet.
The religious holiday of Saints Zechariah and Elizabeth coincided with the birthday of Elizabeth Ksaveryevna Vorontsova.
Left her mark on the history of the church Crimean War 1853-1856. In 1854, during the shelling of the Ak-Mosque, a cannonball hit the bell tower of the church. After the conclusion of the peace, Russia presented Turkey with a long list of losses incurred. The incident with the Ak-Mechet church was regarded as an insult to the shrine, and until the First World War, the Turks carefully paid an annual contribution for this.
Bishop Hermogenes reports that the parish consisted of 5 villages with a Russian population: Yarylgach (inhabited in the 60s of the XIX century), Kunan, Tarpanchi, Karadzha, Tarkhankut lighthouse (now Mezhvodnoe, Krasnoselskoe, Okunevka, Olenevka) and 11 villages with a mixed population - Tatar and Russian: Ablakh-Adjak, Ak-Bat, Akulchuk, Baiki-Yat, Kelegakh, Kerlut, Komrat, Kostitelkoy-chan, Sabanchi, Tabuldy-as, Terekly-as. Parishioners - 2087 people. There are 12 clerics. In addition, there are 3917 souls of both sexes in the Tatar parish and a small number of Jews and Gregorian Armenians.
Since 1885, a parish school has been operating here, in the 1893-1894 academic year 25 boys and 11 girls studied there. The teachers consisted of Anna Andreevna Maryanenko, who graduated from the course of science at the Stavropol Olinskaya female gymnasium, and the priest Kondrat Kozitsky. The school was supported with funds received from Ak-Mechetskaya, Count Shuvalov, savings - about 500 rubles.
360 rubles, from the local church 100 rubles. and from guardianship 32 rubles. It is interesting to know that teachers received 300 rubles for their work, and priests - 120 rubles.
In 1890-1900, the local zemstvo built a number of public buildings. Instead of a biennial parish school Zemstvo was built, in which they taught arithmetic, writing, reading, civil and church literacy and the law of God.
The October Revolution changed the course of historical development.
In the conditions of the formation of an atheistic worldview, persecutions of clergy and believers began, churches were liquidated.
In 1930, the church in Ak-Mosque was closed. In the minutes No. 68 of the meeting of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers, Peasants, Red Army and Naval Deputies of the Crimean ASSR, this is reflected as follows:
"In view of the refusal of believers to use the church and in consequence of the demands of the working people to liquidate the church and use it as a club."
Since 1930, a club was opened on the premises of the church, where films were shown and dances were organized in the evenings. In subsequent years, the church building was used for other purposes. From 1941 to 1945, it housed a warehouse. But after the Great Patriotic War, the church was reopened. The rector of the church lived in the courtyard with his family. However, by 1958-1959, the parish had decreased, and again the question arose about the inexpediency of the costs of maintaining the church. It was closed. Some of the icons were taken to the Evpatoria church, some were taken apart by the parishioners. And in 1981, it was decided to add a two-story building for a children's and youth sports school with a gym to the former church building. The church building itself has become a gymnasium. In this regard, it was re-equipped, significant changes were made to its appearance. At the end of the 1980s, the attitude towards believers changed. In 1990, it was decided to transfer "to the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church previously closed Orthodox church in the name of the saints and righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth in the town of Black Sea ... ".
The parishioners, returning to their long-suffering church, decorated it as best they could, brought disassembled icons. Unfortunately, many of them have been irretrievably lost. The lost metal cross has now been replaced by a wooden one.
The Church of Zechariah and Elizabeth is one of the many attractions of the city of Tobolsk, which is a monument of the Siberian Baroque. The temple is located in an open place, clearly visible from all sides.
In 1752, the first wooden Zakharievskaya church was built in Tobolsk. Metropolitan Sylvester ordered to build it on a plot of land acquired by the peasant M. Mukhin from the Tatars. In 1757, the temple burned down, and in its place a new stone two-story one with six thrones was laid. The construction of the church was delayed for 20 years and ended only in 1776. The construction work was supervised by the master A. Gorodnichev.
A huge two-story temple with a rich and varied decor and a solemn monumental composition is the best example of the "Siberian Baroque". All its volumes - a two-story vestibule with chambers, two side-altars with semicircular apses and a quadrangle with a pentahedral apse - are merged together, thus forming a dense and weighty monolith. Two spherical vaults, one on top of the other, make up the high stepped dome of the church.
Very little is known from the history of the temple in the Soviet years. Like all other churches in the city, the Church of Zechariah and Elizabeth was desecrated, its property was plundered by the new government, and the building itself passed into the possession of the Bolsheviks. Since 1930, the workshops of an artel of the disabled have been located in the building of the temple. After the end of the war and until 1959, the Tobolsk city committee was located here. Until May 1960, the second floor of the church was occupied by rooms for residents. Later, it was decided to transfer the church from the balance sheet of the Tobolsk city committee to the balance sheet of the Tobolsk furniture factory.
And only in the mid-90s. one of the most beautiful churches in the city of Tobolsk in a ruined state was transferred to the introduction of the Tobolsk-Tyumen diocese, which took up its restoration. Of all the icons of the church, the icon "Joy of All Who Sorrow" has become the most famous.
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Description
The church was built in the period from 1758 to 1776 by the stone craftsman Andrey Gorodnichev according to the project sent from St. Petersburg. The heads of the cathedral were gilded "through the fire" at the expense of the Tobolsk merchant Nevolin. There were 6 thrones in the church. The parish included 1670
yards and 6 villages on the left bank.
In the planning structure of the lower city, the church occupied a dominant place. Located on the Market Square, it, together with the Mother of God Church and other buildings, formed the commercial and administrative center of the city of Tobolsk. In terms of its volumetric-planning construction, decorative plasticity of the facades, the church has no equal in the religious buildings of the city. Also, like the Resurrection Church in Tomsk, it was built in the rare Siberian Baroque style.
A huge two-story church with a solemn monumental composition and rich and varied decor belongs to the best examples of the "Siberian Baroque". All its volumes - a large quadrangle with a pentahedral apse, two side-chapels with semicircular apses, a two-story vestibule with chambers - are merged together, forming a dense, weighty monolith. The cut-off upper corners of the quadrangle, decorated with lush cartouches with round lunettes, contribute to the impression of fusion. Thanks to this, the quadrangle organically, sculpturally turns into a complex domed completion.
Two spherical vaults, placed one on top of the other, form a high stepped dome of the temple, carrying a light drum with a cupola. The plinths of the corner chapters are treated like decorative phials. Dynamic plastic of crowning forms, round windows cutting through cartouche pediments, platbands with characteristic "torn" eyes, triple decorative brackets over the pilasters of the first floor, multi-profile cornices create a complex decorative image. This effect is enhanced by double-deflected (ledges) interwindow and corner pilasters, smoothing right angles.
The summer church is distinguished by the height and rise of its space, the abundance of light, the expressive plasticity of the vault opened by the lucarnes. Iconostases, utensils have been lost.
Gallery
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The main facade of the church
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View of the church from the pier
ZakhariusElizabeth-church2 Tobolsk.JPG
Church of Zechariah and Elizabeth. End of the 19th century.
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Literature
- V.A. Silantyev. Architectural heritage of the Tyumen region. Tyumen 2008. p. 130.
An excerpt characterizing the Church of Zechariah and Elizabeth (Tobolsk)
No matter how much I wanted to listen to the reasonable voice of logic, my disobedient brain believed that, despite the fact that Weya apparently knew exactly what she was talking about, I would still achieve my goal, and I would find those people earlier than I was promised. (or creatures) who were supposed to help me get rid of some kind of my incomprehensible "bear hibernation". At first I decided to try again to go beyond the Earth, and see who would come to me there ... Nothing stupider, of course, it was impossible to come up with, but since I stubbornly believed that I would still achieve something, I had to again with my head plunge into new, possibly even very dangerous "experiments" ...My kind Stella at that time for some reason almost stopped "walking", and, for some reason, she was "depressed" in her colorful world, not wanting to reveal to me the real reason for her sadness. But I still somehow managed to persuade her this time to go “for a walk” with me, interested in the danger of my planned adventure, and also in the fact that I alone was still a little afraid to try such “far-reaching” experiments.
I warned my grandmother that I was going to try something “very serious”, to which she just calmly nodded her head and wished good luck (!) ... Of course, this angered me to the bone, but deciding not to show her my resentment, and pouting like a Christmas turkey, I swore to myself that, whatever the cost, something would happen today! ... And of course - it happened ... just not quite what I expected.
Stella was already waiting for me, ready for "the most terrible feats", and we, together and collected, rushed "beyond the limit" ...
This time it turned out much easier for me, maybe because it was not the first time, and maybe also because the same violet crystal was "opened" ... I was carried out by a bullet beyond the mental level of the Earth, and it was then that I realized that I had overdid it a little ... Stella, according to the general agreement, was waiting at the "turn" to insure me if she saw that something went wrong ... But "wrong" went already with from the very beginning, and where I was at the moment, she, to my great regret, could no longer reach me.
Around the cold night breathed a black, ominous space, which I dreamed of for so many years, and which now frightened with its wild, unique silence ... I was all alone, without the reliable protection of my "star friends", and without the warm support of my faithful friend Stella ... And, despite the fact that I saw all this not for the first time, I suddenly felt very small and lonely in this unfamiliar world of distant stars that surrounded me, which looked here not at all as friendly and familiar as from the Earth, and a petty, cowardly squeak of open horror, panic began to treacherously embrace me ... But since I was still very, very stubborn as a little man, I decided that there was nothing to become limp, and began to look around where it was all - I got carried away ...
I was hanging in a black, almost physically perceptible emptiness, and around only sometimes some "shooting stars" flashed, leaving dazzling tails for a moment. And right there, like, very close, such a dear and familiar Earth flickered with a blue radiance. But, to my great regret, she only seemed close, but in fact she was very, very far away ... And I suddenly wildly wanted to go back !!! .. I no longer wanted to “heroically overcome” unfamiliar obstacles, but just really wanted to return home, where everything was so familiar and familiar (to warm grandma's pies and favorite books!), and not to hang frozen in some kind of black, cold "peace" - or "horrific and irreparable" consequences ... I tried to imagine the only thing that first came to mind - the violet-eyed girl Wei. For some reason, it did not work - she did not appear. Then I tried to unfold its crystal ... And then, everything around sparkled, shone and whirled in a frenzied maelstrom of some unprecedented matter, I felt as if I was abruptly, like a large vacuum cleaner, sucked in somewhere, and immediately in front of me “turned "The already familiar, mysterious and beautiful world of Weiying in all its glory .... As I realized too late, the key to which was my open purple crystal ...
The most beautiful church in Tobolsk is Zechariah and Elizabeth (another name is the Resurrection Church), built in the mature baroque style on the Market Square. Walking along Kirov Street towards Irtysh and turning left onto Mira Street, we will immediately see its tall slender silhouette. Being in an open place, it is clearly visible from everywhere and absolutely dominates among the buildings adjacent to the area. This spectacular position was also successfully exploited during the redevelopment of the city at the end of the 18th century. - the streets of Mira and Khokhryakova converging to the square are oriented to the vertical of the church. In their perspective, the slender silhouette of the church is already visible from a distance. The high-rise tower-like character of the composition was suggested by the position of the temple on the banks of the Irtysh River between the Kremlin ensemble and the Znamensky Monastery. Together with the deeply located Epiphany Church, she "kept" on this site the panorama of the lower city, opening from the river. The monument retains this role to this day.
Zakharyevskaya Church can be considered a true divine of the Tobolsk Baroque. Its architecture tells us about stylistic maturity, and in time the Zakharyevskaya church is later. It was founded only in 1759, and completed in 1776. The special solemnity of its composition, the lush and varied decor, the spectacular "curly" top with a decorative five-domed, complex and pretentious silhouette are impressive. The nature of its forms reveals the obvious influence of the Europeanized metropolitan baroque; most likely, the project was sent from European Russia. Although it is known that the project was carried out by the local master Gorodnichev.
The metropolitan style is especially felt in the "torn" arc pediments, completing the main volume of the temple, which have turned here into a kind of lush cartouches. In a weakened version, the motif of the arc pediment is repeated at the end of the altar and the refectory, at the base of the bell tower and its top. And here we meet round lucarne windows inserted into arched pediments.
On the example of this church, you can see how the style is evolving towards decorativeness. Its top, with a "ragged" pediment and wavy end, began to resemble tongues of flame, bizarrely curving in a capricious convulsion. The plinths of the corner chapters and the chapters themselves have turned into a kind of decorative phial-pins. The style of this church can rightfully be applied the term "flaming baroque", since it really reached its apogee here. A light, rapid ascension of the masses, characteristic of the mature baroque, appeared, nothing remained of the former feeling of the weight and inertia of the material. In this church, we are faced with an even more complex vaulted structure of the ceiling of the main volume. Two spherical vaults, placed one on top of the other, form a high stepped dome of the temple, carrying a light drum with a head. Thanks to the arched pediments and corner chapters, there is also created a feeling of overflow of volumes, their merging into one plastic whole. The development of the style towards more and more decorativeness predetermined a correspondingly more complex profiling of blades with double crepes. Only the walls of the bell tower are finished with simple and graphic panels. The entire architecture of the church bears the stamp of palace splendor and festive jubilation. Individual details are very beautiful: platbands with characteristic "ragged" pediments, decorative cartouches crowning the main quadruple, thin cornice rods with crepes. In the outline of the lines of the decor, there is a slight grace of the Rococo style.
Zakharievskaya was the first church in Tobolsk of the 18th century, where a solemn five-domed church was built. The orientation towards the traditional Russian five-domed was a programmatic revival of the ancient national temple building, although the four small chapters play here only a symbolic role, turning into decorative superstructures.
The Tobolsk Baroque began with Zakharievskaya. It manifested itself primarily in the interpretation of details. The entire plane of the walls is developed, in the narrow spaces between the windows so-called blades are placed - a vertical decorating detail of the outer facade. The shoulder blades are not wide, twice intercepted in their length (loosened). The same shoulder blades strengthen the corners of the volumes - the main, altar, refectory. And at the top of the temple there are cartouches. But, unlike the Church of the Intercession, they do not complete the bell tower, but the main volume, where its corners are connected to the dome. The peculiarities of the local Tobolsk architecture can be traced in other details - the same method of setting the temple on the basement with the allocation of the winter and summer rooms at the bottom and at the top. At the base of the bell tower, on both sides of it, there are the same familiar ward extensions. This church has a particularly spacious refectory, where two symmetrically located side altars go out there. Since it was at the "auction", in the busiest place of Tobolsk, where people were always crowded, and the church was the most visited. A beautiful metal fence on stone pillars was soon erected around the temple on three sides, of which not a trace remained now.
The summer church impresses with the height and rise of its space, the abundance of light, the expressive plasticity of the vault opened by the lucarnes. The forms of the Zakharievskaya church have also been echoed in its magnificent baroque iconostases. In the summer church, it was especially beautiful and consisted of a tall, slender wall topped with three graceful rocaille pediments. A light, graceful upward movement gave the entire composition of the iconostasis a line of elevated solemnity, which impresses the dynamic space of the church. Through the application of a wall order altar barriers is likened to a one and a half-storey building with three slender arches of gates, inscribed in its deepening. In the frame of the gates, the motif of thin spiral columns is used, supporting the crepes of cornices with torn pediments. Figured frames of icons, decorated with carvings, elaborate cartouches of pediment finishes, complemented by flowerpots, carved royal doors - all this created an exceptional decorative effect. In a word, the entire structure of the iconostasis made it possible to feel the special grace of the style of this church.
Now all Tobolsk churches look absolutely white with lime-colored walls and decorative details, which undoubtedly influenced the influence of the northern ideal of beauty. But a continuous whitewash, most likely, the fruit of their later renovations. Thus, the clearing of the walls in the Zakharyevskaya Church showed that the window frames originally had a terracotta color, which stood out in contrast against the background of the whitewashed walls, which created a special decorative effect of the local baroque. The Siberian specificity is reflected here in the shift of the color accent from the wall to the decor - a technique inherent not so much in Russian traditions as in the decorative principles of the ancient architecture of the Far Eastern peoples. If these discoveries are confirmed by the example of other stone churches of Tobolsk, then we are faced with a unique Siberian phenomenon, in which the North Russian and specifically Asian ideals of beauty merged in a peculiar way.
Faithful Zechariah and Elizabeth with the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment
Zakharyevskaya st., 22
V. Ulrich. Arrival of Alexandra Feodorovna to the barracks of Her Majesty's Cavalry Regiment on May 7, 1849. Around 1851. From the original by Dupressoir (1849). State Russian Museum (Religious Petersburg / compiled by P. Klimov; State Russian Museum. - St. Petersburg, 2004)
The cavalry guards appeared in 1724 as an honorary escort of Catherine I, who later headed them with the rank of captain. Since then, the Empresses have always been the chiefs of the regiment. Under Elizaveta Petrovna, the cavalry guards formed a life company, which had a marching Vvedenskaya church consecrated on March 5, 1743. In 1800 the regiment became a guards regiment. Mainly hereditary nobles served in it. The cavalry guards distinguished themselves in the war with Napoleon - they participated in the battles of Austerlitz, Borodin and Kulm.
At first, the regiment had only a marching church. In 1803, the premises belonging to the employees of the Reserve Yard and the court office were turned into regimental barracks. Together with them, the Zakharievskaya church, built in the 1740s from wood, also passed to the regiment's disposal. On August 9, 1752, a decree was issued to build a stone church with a two-tiered bell tower. The utensils in it were brought from Moscow, and Empress Elizaveta Petrovna herself was present at the consecration on September 5, 1753.
In 1762, Catherine commanded: "there will be no church with this regiment, it will always be where my yard is," and therefore from now on the cavalry guards were supposed to pray in the court church. However, the temple was left open to the employees of the Reserve Yard. In 1779 the main iconostasis was replaced, but the old one remained in the choir, in the chapel of St. John the Evangelist. According to legend, this two-tiered iconostasis from the atlas was brought from Greece in the 16th century and was with Ivan the Terrible near Kazan (in 1844 it was transferred to the Armory).
In 1844 the temple was redecorated; in 1855 architect. KK Ziegler, according to the project by A.I. Stakenschneider, began rebuilding: he erected a bell tower, made choirs and installed a new iconostasis, which Ivan Vladimirov cut out. The sovereign donated 3 thousand rubles. silver to decorate the temple. On October 1, 1858, a new consecration took place. During construction, they served in the marching St. Michael's Church.
Unknown artist. Iconostasis of the Church of Her Majesty's Cavalry Regiment. Second half of the 1850s. Lithograph with tone. State Russian Museum (Religious Petersburg / compiled by P. Klimov; State Russian Museum. - St. Petersburg, 2004)
In this form, the temple stood until 1896, when, according to the plan of L. N. Benois, its capital reconstruction began. Only the walls remained from the old building, even the plan was changed, which took the form of a Greek cross. On May 16, 1897, the ceremony took place. Construction at the expense of the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna and officers proceeded quickly, and already on January 14, 1899, the military protopresbyter A.A.Zhelobovsky, who served until 1888 in this temple, consecrated it in the Highest presence.
L.N. Benoit. The project of restructuring the church of Saints Zacharias and Elizabeth of the Imperial Majesty of the Imperial Majesty Maria Feodorovna Regiment in St. Petersburg. South facade. 1896. GMIR (Religious Petersburg / compiled by P. Klimov; State Russian Museum. - St. Petersburg, 2004)
Stylized in the Elizabethan Baroque style, the picturesque church with a high spire on the bell tower accommodated 1,500 people and was richly decorated inside. Thanks to the sloping floor (a kind of novelty), the service was clearly visible from any place. The iconostasis was put up the same, only restored. Acad. P. P. Chistyakov made sketches of outdoor mosaic icons; the modeling inside was performed by P. S. Kozlov. The bells were cast by the Orlov factory.
The silver throne, made by the Faberge firm and weighing 13 poods, was presented by Z. N. Yusupova. Bronze lamps were cast by master N. A. Meltser; the marble throne was made by Bott's workshop. The temple was illuminated by a beautiful bronze chandelier dated 1834.
The kliros had regimental standards; in the windows were the uniforms of the chiefs, the crosses of St. George and the medals of the soldiers; near the wall there was a small monument to those who fell in the war with Napoleon. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in the presence of the Empress, the temple and regimental feast was solemnly celebrated on September 5. Each squadron also had its own holiday, during which, after the liturgy, a prayer service was served in front of the squadron image.
Many valuable things were presented to the temple from the chiefs, commanders and officers: in 1848 the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna presented gilded silver vessels; in 1896 book. S.S.Saltykov in memory of his son-cavalier - two decorated precious stones the image of the 18th century: Christ the Savior with a particle of the Lord's Robe and the Vladimir Mother of God; A. N. Bezak - The Gospel in a silver setting by Faberge. Several more highly artistic works were kept here: "The Savior Not Made by Hands", which in 1679 Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich presented to the clerk Vinius; two images on the atlas from the aforementioned 16th century iconostasis; the shroud of 1677 and an elegant crucifix carved out of ivory.
In 1891, MV Nesterov made sketches for the interior of the mosaic icons "Resurrection of Christ" and "St. Alexander Nevsky ”, in front of which were burning silver lamps, made in the Faberge workshop according to the drawing of prof. E. A. Sabaneeva. On December 2, 1902, after another renovation, the church was illuminated with a small consecration.
M.V. Nesterov. The image of the Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky from the Church of the Righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth. 1894-1895. GMIR (Religious Petersburg / comp. P. Klimov; State Russian Museum. - SPb., 2004)
The rector in 1903-1910 was the famous theologian Archpriest. Evgeny Petrovich Aquilonov, professor of the Theological Academy and future protopresbyter, and the last before the revolution - Fr. Stefan Vasilievich Shcherbakovsky.
A wooden Kazan temple in the regiment's summer camp, built in 1905 in Krasnoe Selo, was assigned to the church.
Since the regiment was disbanded after the revolution, the church became a parish in the summer of 1918. Since 1922, the church has been one of the centers of Renovationism, headed by Alexander Vvedensky. It was closed by the decision of the Presidium of the Leningrad City Council on August 1, 1835, later converted into a gymnasium, in 1948 it was completely demolished. In its place, the building of the Military Engineering and Technical University was erected.
Archival sources
RGIA F.468. Op. 1. D. 1734; Form 544. Op. 1.D.468; Form 796. Op. 43. D.200.
TsGIA SPb. F 19.Op.1. D. 4668; Op. 31. D.3641.
Literature
Historical and statistical information about the St. Petersburg diocese. T.4. Part 2. 1875. S. 152-162.
Historical and statistical information about the St. Petersburg diocese. T.6. Part 1. 1878.S. 15.
Voeikov V. N. Icon of the Savior ... in the Church of Zechariah and Elizabeth. SPb., 1897.
Tsitovich G.A. Temples of the Army and Navy: Historical and Statistical Description. Part 1. Pyatigorsk, 1913.S. 53-57.
Panchulidzev S.A. History of the Cavalier Guards. T.4. SPb., 1912.S. 351-380.
Cherepnina N. Yu. Shkarovsky MV Orthodox churches of St. Petersburg. 1917-1945: reference book. SPb., 1999. S. 141-144.
Source: Antonov V.V., Kobak A.V. Shrines of St. Petersburg: an encyclopedia of Christian churches. - SPb. : Faces of Russia; Spas, 2010 .-- S. 159-160.
Church of the Righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth under the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment
The church was located on Zakharyevskaya Street in the Liteinaya part of St. Petersburg, where, since the reign of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, servants of the court department lived, the foundation of the first stone church for which took place in 1752. On September 3, 1756, in the presence of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, the church was consecrated in the name of the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth.
V.S. Sadovnikov. Church parade of the Cavalier Regiment on the Oil Meadow on Elagin Island. 1850-1851. Timing Every year, on the regimental temple holidays (September 5 - the day of the righteous Elizabeth and October 5 - the day of the righteous Zechariah), a prayer service was served on Elagin Island, and a church parade was held in front of the palace after the service on Oil Meadow. (Religious Petersburg / compiled by P. Klimov; State Russian Museum - St. Petersburg, 2004)
Almost half a century later, in June 1803, by the highest personal decree, the building of the Reserve Yard was ordered to be rebuilt into the barracks of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment. So the church passed into the rank of regimental.
The chapel of the Apostle John the Theologian was built under the vaults of the church, in which there was a folding iconostasis with icons painted on the atlas. According to legend, it was the iconostasis of the marching church of Ivan the Terrible, which was with him during his trip to Kazan. The iconostasis was in the church from the middle of the 18th century until 1844, when, by order of Nicholas I, it was transferred to the Hermitage, and then to the Armory. The side-altar with the newly installed iconostasis existed until 1855, when, on the occasion of the centenary of the church, it was decided to renovate the entire church. A.I. Shtakenshneider was entrusted with work on the development of a plan for restructuring and drawing up an estimate. The construction of small choirs, the replacement of the stone floor with parquet, the production of a new iconostasis and the restoration of old images belong to this time.
In the second half of the 1890s, the Church of the Righteous Zacharias and Elizabeth under the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment, built in the era of Elizabeth Petrovna, underwent a major restructuring. A commission was formed to organize the work timed to coincide with the regiment's centenary. The architect L. N. Benois, at the request of the officers of the Cavalry Regiment, drew up a project that received the approval of the regiment's august chief, the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, on February 21, 1897. The ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the temple took place on May 16, 1897. Somewhat earlier, in April of the same year, the construction of the building began with funds allocated by Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Maria Feodorovna and officers of the regiment. After the completion of all major works in November 1897, a camp church was placed in the still unfinished church. On January 14, 1899, in the presence of the imperial family and the entire regiment, Protopresbyter A.A.Zhelobovsky consecrated the temple.
In fact, using the old walls, the architect erected a new temple. In its external appearance, in the general dynamics of architectural forms, the features of the baroque, chosen by L. N. Benois as a stylistic prototype, were easily guessed. The Elizabethan era was reminded of the characteristic shape of chapters decorated with relief gilded ornaments, round lucarne windows in the roof of the refectory, bow gables, carved openwork doors with small mirrored glasses.
Famous craftsmen took part in the decoration of the facade and interior of the church. The outdoor mosaics were made according to the originals of P.P. Chistyakov, the images of the Resurrection of Christ and the Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky were painted by M.V. Among the items transferred to the new church from the old one, the high baroque iconostasis stood out. Each squadron and each team of the regiment had their own special icon in the church and celebrated the so-called squadron holidays with indispensable prayers for water. All images were adorned with silver vestments by the diligence of officers, and had rich gilded icon cases.
Church, like other similar temples. She played the role of a regimental museum. It kept regimental standards, uniforms of regiment chiefs, St. George's crosses and medals of soldiers and officers, and near its wall stood a small monument to the cavalry guards who fell with Napoleon.
In 1919-1923, the rector of the church was Archpriest Alexander (Vvedensky), who later became the First Hierarch of the Renovationist Church. On July 1, 1935, the temple was closed and converted into a gym. In 1948, it was demolished, erecting on this site the building of the A. N. Komarovsky Military Construction School.
Source: Religious Petersburg / comp. P. Klimov; State Russian Museum. - SPb., 2004.S. 274, 383.
Church of Saints Zechariah and Elizabeth of the Cavalry Regiment
Zakharyevskaya street, 22
The church was founded in 1752 by order of Elizabeth Petrovna. The consecration took place in September 1756 in the presence of the Empress. The church was built for officials and those who served at the Reserve Yard; in 1806, with the relocation of the Cavalry Regiment, it became a regimental. Throughout the existence of the first church appearance it remained unchanged, only the interior decoration changed. The most significant alteration was in 1856: then the iconostasis was renewed, granite columns were installed instead of brick ones, and a parquet floor was laid. Until 1844, the church housed a side-chapel in the name of the Apostle Evangelist John the Theologian, built under the vaults that were dismantled in 1856. The iconostasis of the marching church was kept here, all the icons of which were painted on a white atlas on a gold background. the iconostasis as a monument to the history and culture of Russia in the 18th century was transferred to the Armory in Moscow in 1846. The first church was single-altar, stone; its dome and bell tower are wooden, the iconostasis is three-tiered; the icons were painted on a black background.
The relics of the church were the altar cross with particles of the holy saints; silver liturgical vessels granted to the regiment by its chief Empress Alexandra Feodorovna; the icon of the Mother of God, called "The Three Joys", which in 1848 Alexandra Feodorovna blessed the regiment in the Hungarian campaign. The standards of the regiment were kept in the church, decorated with St. George's crosses in memory of Patriotic War 1812 Between the standards, on a marble pedestal, there was a silver plaque with the names of the dead and wounded officers and the number of killed and wounded lower ranks. The uniforms of Alexander I and Nicholas I were also kept in the church.
In 1897-1899. According to the project of the architect L. N. Benois, an elegant, baroque-style church was erected on the site of the former one. M.V.Nesterov took part in the decoration of its interiors, making mosaic icons. The utensils were made by the famous Faberge company. The iconostasis and standards were transferred to the new church from the old one.
The building was demolished in 1948.
Source: Dluzhnevskaya G. Lost churches of St. Petersburg. - SPb .: Publishing house "Litera", 2003. S. 130-132.