Winston Churchill - Уинстон Черчилль (1), устная тема по английскому языку с переводом. Топик. Уинстон черчилль краткая биография Уинстон черчилль биография на английском языке

The Right Honourable Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, FRS, PC (30 November 1874 - 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. At various times a soldier, journalist, author and politician, Churchill is generally regarded as one of the most important leaders in British and world history. He won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Born at Blenheim Palace, near Woodstock, Oxfordshire. Winston Churchill was a descendant of the first famous member of the Churchill family, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. Winston"s politician father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was the third son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough; Winston"s mother was Lady Randolph Churchill (née Jennie Jerome), daughter of American millionaire Leonard Jerome. Neither parent showed young Winston much affection or love.

Churchill spent much of his childhood at boarding schools, including the Headmaster"s House at Harrow School. He famously sat the entrance exam but on confronting the latin paper he carefully wrote the title, his name and the number 1 followed by a dot and could not think of anything else to write. He was accepted despite this, but placed in the bottom division where they were primarily taught English which he excelled at. Today at Harrow there is an annual Churchill essay prize on a subject chosen by the head of the english department. He was rarely visited by his mother, whom he virtually worshipped, despite his letters begging her to either come or let his father permit him to come home. He had a distant relationship with his father despite keenly following his father"s career. Once, in 1886, he is reported to have proclaimed "My daddy is Chancellor of the Exchequer and one day that"s what I"m going to be". His desolate, lonely childhood stayed with him throughout his life.

He was very close to his nurse, Elizabeth Ann Everest (nicknamed "Woom" by Churchill), and was deeply saddened when she died on July 3, 1895. Churchill paid for her gravestone at the City of London Cemetery and Crematorium.

Churchill did badly at Harrow, regularly being punished for poor work and lack of effort. His nature was independent and rebellious and he failed to achieve much academically, failing some of the same courses numerous times despite showing great ability in other areas such as maths and history, in both of which he was placed at times top in his class. But his refusal to study the classics undermined any chance of success at a school like Harrow.

The view of Churchill as a failure at school is one which he himself propagated, probably due to his father"s intense dislike of the young Winston and his obvious readiness to label his son a disappointment. He did, however, become the school"s fencing champion.

Churchill attended the Royal Military College at Sandhurst.

Churchill then became a war correspondent in the second Anglo-Boer war between Britain and Afrikaners in South Africa. He was captured in a Boer ambush of a British Army train convoy and thrown into prison. However, he made a daring escape which made him something of a national hero.

Ministerial office.

In the 1906 general election, Churchill won a seat in Manchester. In the Liberal government of Henry Campbell-Bannerman he served as Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. Churchill soon became the most prominent member of the Government outside the Cabinet, and when Campbell-Bannerman was succeeded by Herbert Henry Asquith in 1908, it came as little surprise when Churchill was promoted to the Cabinet as President of the Board of Trade. Under the law at the time, a newly appointed Cabinet Minister was obliged to seek re-election at a by-election. Churchill lost his Manchester seat to the Conservative William Joynson-Hicks but was soon elected in another by-election at Dundee. As President of the Board of Trade he pursued radical social reforms in conjunction with David Lloyd George, the new Chancellor of the Exchequer.

In 1910 Churchill was promoted to Home Secretary, where he was to prove somewhat controversial. A famous photograph from the time shows the impetuous Churchill taking personal charge of the January 1911 Sidney Street Siege, peering around a corner to view a gun battle between cornered anarchists and Scots Guards. His role attracted much criticism. The building under siege caught fire. Churchill denied the fire brigade access, forcing the criminals to choose surrender or death. Arthur Balfour asked, "He and a photographer were both risking valuable lives. I understand what the photographer was doing but what was the Right Honourable gentleman doing?".

In 1911, Churchill became First Lord of the Admiralty, a post he would hold into the First World War. He gave impetus to military reform efforts, including development of naval aviation, tanks, and the switch in fuel from coal to oil, a massive engineering task, also reliant on securing Mesopotamia"s oil rights, bought circa 1907 through the secret service using the Royal Burmah Oil Company as a front company. The development of the battle tank was financed from naval research funds via the Landships Committee, and, although a decade later development of the battle tank would be seen as a stroke of genius, at the time it was seen as misappropriation of funds. The battle tank was deployed ineptly in 1915, much to Churchill"s annoyance. He wanted a fleet of tanks used to surprised the Germans under cover of smoke, and to open a large section of the trenches by crushing barbed wire and creating a breakthrough sector.

However, he was also one of the political and military engineers of the disastrous Gallipoli landings on the Dardanelles during World War I, which led to his description as "the butcher of Gallipoli". When Asquith formed an all-party coalition government, the Conservatives demanded Churchill"s demotion as the price for entry. For several months Churchill served in the non-portfolio job of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, before resigning from the government feeling his energies were not being used. He rejoined the army, though remaining an MP, and served for several months on the Western Front. During this period his second in command was a young Archibald Sinclair who would later lead the Liberal Party.

Return to power.

In December 1916, Asquith resigned as Prime Minister and was replaced by Lloyd George. However, the time was thought not yet right to risk the Conservatives" wrath by bringing Churchill back into government. However, in July 1917 Churchill was appointed Minister of Munitions. After the end of the war Churchill served as both Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Air (1919 - 1921). On the possible use of gas weapons (tear gas) in quelling uprisings in the British mandated territories of the former Ottoman Empire, Churchill wrote:

"I do not understand this squeamishness about the use of gas. We have definitely adopted the position at the Peace Conference of arguing in favour of the retention of gas as a permanent method of warfare. It is sheer affectation to lacerate a man with the poisonous fragment of a bursting shell and to boggle at making his eyes water by means of lachrymatory gas. I am strongly in favour of using poisoned gas against uncivilised tribes. The moral effect should be so good that the loss of life should be reduced to a minimum. It is not necessary to use only the most deadly gases: gases can be used which cause great inconvenience and would spread a lively terror and yet would leave no serious permanent effects on most of those affected".

During this time (1919 - 21), he undertook with surprising zeal the cutting of military expenditure. However, the major preoccupation of his tenure in the War Office was the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. Churchill was a staunch advocate of foreign intervention, declaring that Bolshevism must be "strangled in its cradle". He secured from a divided and loosely organised Cabinet an intensification and prolongation of the British involvement beyond the wishes of any major group in Parliament or the nation - and in the face of the bitter hostility of Labour. In 1920, after the last British forces had been withdrawn, Churchill was instrumental in having arms sent to the Poles when they invaded Ukraine. He became Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1921 and was a signatory of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 which established the Irish Free State.

Career between the wars.

In October 1922, Churchill underwent an operation to remove his appendix. Upon his return, he learned that the government had fallen and a General Election was looming. The Liberal Party was now beset by internal division and Churchill"s campaign was weak. He lost his seat at Dundee to prohibitionist, Edwin Scrymgeour, quipping that he had lost his ministerial office, his seat and his appendix all at once. Churchill stood for the Liberals again in the 1923 general election, losing in Leicester, but over the next twelve months he moved towards the Conservative Party, though initially using the labels "Anti-Socialist" and "Constitutionalist". Two years later, in the General Election of 1924, he was elected to represent Epping (where there is now a statue of him) as a "Constitutionalist" with Conservative backing. The following year he formally rejoined the Conservative Party, commenting wryly that "Anyone can rat , but it takes a certain ingenuity to re-rat".

He was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1924 under Stanley Baldwin and oversaw the United Kingdom"s disastrous return to the Gold Standard, which resulted in deflation, unemployment, and the miners" strike that led to the General Strike of 1926. This decision prompted the economist John Maynard Keynes to write The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill, correctly arguing that the return to the gold standard would lead to a world depression. Churchill later regarded this as one of the worst decisions of his life. To be fair to him, it must be noted that he was not an economist and that he acted on the advice of the Governor of the Bank of England, Montague Norman (of whom Keynes said: "Always so charming, always so wrong").

During the General Strike of 1926, Churchill was reported to have suggested that machineguns be used on the striking miners. Churchill edited the Government"s newspaper, the British Gazette, and during the dispute he argued that "either the country will break the General Strike, or the General Strike will break the country". Furthermore, he was to controversially claim that the Fascism of Benito Mussolini had "rendered a service to the whole world" showing as it had "a way to combat subversive forces" - that is, he considered the regime to be a bulwark against the perceived threat of Communist revolution.

The Conservative government was defeated in the 1929 General Election. In the next two years, Churchill became estranged from the Conservative leadership over the issues of protective tariffs and Indian Home Rule. When Ramsay MacDonald formed the National Government in 1931, Churchill was not invited to join the Cabinet. He was now at the lowest point in his career, in a period known as "the wilderness years". He spent much of the next few years concentrating on his writing, including Marlborough: His Life and Times - a biography of his ancestor John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough - and A History of the English Speaking Peoples (which was not published until well after WWII). He became most notable for his outspoken opposition towards the granting of independence to India (see Simon Commission and Government of India Act 1935).

Soon, though, his attention was drawn to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the dangers of Germany"s rearmament. For a time he was a lone voice calling on Britain to strengthen itself and counter the belligerence of Germany. Churchill was a fierce critic of Neville Chamberlain"s appeasement of Hitler. He was also an outspoken supporter of King Edward VIII during the Abdication Crisis, leading to some speculation that he might be appointed Prime Minister if the King refused to take Baldwin"s advice and consequently the government resigned. However, this did not happen, and Churchill found himself politically isolated and bruised for some time after this.

Role as wartime Prime Minister.

At the outbreak of the Second World War Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. In this job he proved to be one of the highest-profile ministers during the so-called "Phoney War", when the only noticeable action was at sea. Churchill advocated the pre-emptive occupation of the neutral Norwegian iron-ore port of Narvik and the iron mines in Kiruna, Sweden, early in the War. However, Chamberlain and the rest of the War Cabinet disagreed, and the operation was delayed until the German invasion of Norway, which was successful despite British efforts.

In May 1940, directly upon the German invasion of France by a surprising lightning advance through the Low Countries, it became clear that the country had no confidence in Chamberlain"s prosecution of the war. Chamberlain resigned, and Churchill was appointed Prime Minister and formed an all-party government. In response to previous criticisms that there had been no clear single minister in charge of the prosecution of the war, he created and took the additional position of Minister of Defence. He immediately put his friend and confidant the industrialist and newspaper baron Lord Beaverbrook in charge of aircraft production. It was Beaverbrook"s astounding business acumen that allowed Britain to quickly gear up aircraft production and engineering that eventually made the difference in the war.

Churchill"s speeches were a great inspiration to the embattled United Kingdom. His first speech as Prime Minister was the famous "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat" speech. He followed that closely with two other equally famous ones, given just before the Battle of Britain. One included the immortal line, "We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender". The other included the equally famous "Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, "This was their finest hour."" At the height of the Battle of Britain, his bracing survey of the situation included the memorable line "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few", which engendered the enduring nickname "The Few" for the Allied fighter pilots who won it.

His good relationship with Franklin D. Roosevelt secured the United Kingdom vital supplies via the North Atlantic Ocean shipping routes. It was for this reason that Churchill was relieved when Roosevelt was re-elected. Upon re-election, Roosevelt immediately set about implementing a new method of not only providing military hardware to Britain without the need for monetary payment, but also of providing, free of fiscal charge, much of the shipping that transported the supplies. Put simply, Roosevelt persuaded Congress that repayment for this immensely costly service would take the form of defending the USA; and so Lend-lease was born. Churchill had 12 strategic conferences with Roosevelt which covered the Atlantic Charter, Europe first strategy, the Declaration by the United Nations and other war policies. Churchill initiated the Special Operations Executive (SOE) under Hugh Dalton"s Ministry of Economic Warfare, which established, conducted and fostered covert, subversive and partisan operations in occupied territories with notable success; and also the Commandos which established the pattern for most of the world"s current Special Forces. The Russians referred to him as the "British Bulldog".

However, some of the military actions during the war remain controversial. Churchill was at best indifferent and perhaps complicit in the Great Bengal famine of 1943 which took the lives of at least 2.5 million Bengalis. Japanese troops were threatening British India after having successfully taken neighbouring British Burma. Some consider the British government"s policy of denying effective famine relief a deliberate and callous scorched earth policy adopted in the event of a successful Japanese invasion. Churchill supported the bombing of Dresden shortly before the end of the war; Dresden was primarily a civilian target with many refugees from the East and was of allegedly little military value. However, the bombing was helpful to the allied Soviets.

Churchill was party to treaties that would redraw post-WWII European and Asian boundaries. These were discussed as early as 1943. Proposals for European boundaries and settlements were officially agreed to by Harry S. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin at Potsdam.

The settlement concerning the borders of Poland, i.e. the boundary between Poland and the Soviet Union and between Germany and Poland, was viewed as a betrayal in Poland during the post-war years, as it was established against the views of the Polish government in exile. Churchill was convinced that the only way to alleviate tensions between the two populations was the transfer of people, to match the national borders. As he expounded in the House of Commons in 1944, "Expulsion is the method which, insofar as we have been able to see, will be the most satisfactory and lasting. There will be no mixture of populations to cause endless trouble. A clean sweep will be made. I am not alarmed by these transferences, which are more possible in modern conditions". The transfers were in the end carried out in a way which resulted in hardship and death for many of those transferred. Churchill opposed the effective annexation of Poland by the Soviet Union and wrote bitterly about it in his books, but he was unable to prevent it at the conferences.

After World War II.

Although the importance of Churchill"s role in World War II was undeniable, he had many enemies in his own country. His expressed contempt for a number of popular ideas, in particular public health care and better education for the majority of the population, produced much dissatisfaction amongst the population, particularly those who had fought in the war. Immediately following the close of the war in Europe, Churchill was heavily defeated at election by Clement Attlee and the Labour Party. Some historians think that many British voters believed that the man who had led the nation so well in war was not the best man to lead it in peace. Others see the election result as a reaction against not Churchill personally, but against the Conservative Party"s record in the 1930s under Baldwin and Chamberlain.

Winston Churchill was an early supporter of the pan-Europeanism that eventually led to the formation of the European Common market and later the European Union (for which one of the three main buildings of the European Parliament is named in his honour). Churchill was also instrumental in giving France a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (which provided another European power to counterbalance the Soviet Union"s permanent seat). Churchill also occasionally made comments supportive of world government. For instance, he once said:

"Unless some effective world supergovernment for the purpose of preventing war can be set up. the prospects for peace and human progress are dark.If. it is found possible to build a world organization of irresistible force and inviolable authority for the purpose of securing peace, there are no limits to the blessings which all men enjoy and share".

At the beginning of the Cold War, he famously mentioned the "Iron Curtain", a phrase originally created by Joseph Goebbels. The phrase entered the public consciousness after a 1946 speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, when Churchill, a guest of Harry S. Truman, famously declared:

From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere.

Churchill was restless and bored as leader of the Conservative opposition in the immediate post-war years. After Labour"s defeat in the General Election of 1951, Churchill again became Prime Minister. His third government - after the wartime national government and the short caretaker government of 1945 - would last until his resignation in 1955. During this period he renewed what he called the "special relationship" between Britain and the United States, and engaged himself in the formation of the post-war order.

His domestic priorities were, however, overshadowed by a series of foreign policy crises, which were partly the result of the continued decline of British military and imperial prestige and power. Being a strong proponent of Britain as an international power, Churchill would often meet such moments with direct action.

Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill’s ancestors were both Brit- ish and American. Winston’s father was the British Lord Randolph Churchill, the youngest son of John, the 7th Duke of Marlborough. Lord Randolph’s ancestor John Churchill made history by winning many successful military campaigns in Europe for Queen Anne almost 200 years earlier. His mother was the American Jennie Jerome. The Jeromes fought for the inde- pendence of the American colonies in George Washington’s ar- mies. Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born on Novem- ber 30, 1874, at the Duke of Marlborough’s large palace, Blen- heim.

Childhood

Winston Churchill was a child during the late 1800s. At that time there weren’t any radios, televisions or electronic devices which children today are accustomed to having. The telephone was not invented when Churchill was born. Children during the late 1800’s spent their time reading books and playing with toys such as toy soldiers. Young Winston would also ride on his donkey. One book that Winston fondly read was Treasure Island.

Lady Randolph hired Mrs. Elizabeth Everest as a nanny to care for Winston. Winston fondly called Mrs. Everest “Woomany.” Later Winston Churchill would say that “My nurse was my confidante. Mrs. Everest it was who looked after me and tended all my wants. It was to her that I poured out all my many troubles…”

Schooling

Winston attended St. George’s School, Ascot, from 1882 through 1884. Of school Winston would write, “It appears that I was to go away from home for many weeks at a stretch in order to do lessons under masters… After all I was only seven, and I had been so happy in my nursery with all my toys. I had such wonderful toys: a real steam engine, a magic lantern, and a collection of soldiers already nearly a thousand strong. Now it was to be all les- sons…” From 1884-1888, Winston attended The Misses Thomp- son’s Preparatory School where he learned things that in- terested him such as French, history, poetry, riding a horse and swimming.

Harrow

On April 17, 1888, Winston entered Harrow School, a boy’s school near London. Winston found his years at Harrow challenging. He was not thought of as a good stu- dent. Winston wrote, “I was on the whole considerably discouraged by my school days.” However, Winston’s ability to memorize lines was clearly apparent while at Harrow. Winston entered a competition and won a school prize for reciting from memory 1,200 lines from Macau- lay’s, long poem Lays of Ancient Rome

Sandhurst

The Life of Winston Churchill: Soldier Correspondent Statesman Orator Author Inspirational Leader The Churchill Centre is the international focus for study of Winston Churchill, his life and times. Our members, aged from ten to over ninety, work together to preserve Winston Churchill’s memory and legacy. Our aim is that future generations never forget his contribu- tions to the political philosophy, culture and literature of the Great Democracies and his contributions to statesmanship. To join or contact The Churchill Centre visit www.winstonchurchill.org © Yousuf Karsh, 1941 Ottawa © The Churchill Centre 2007 Produced for educational use only. Not intended for commercial purposes.

Churchill & Technology

“Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few…” In this famous line, Winston Chur- chill thanked the pilots of the Royal Air Force, also known as the RAF, for their bravery fighting the German Luft- waffe in the Battle of Britain during World War II. At this time the use of airplanes in war was still thought of as a new technology. Winston Churchill was a forward thinking man who promoted technological developments for the military. During World War I, Churchill promoted the de- velopment of the tank. A British Royal Commission cred- ited Churchill “it was primarily due to the receptivity, cour- age and driving force of the Rt. Honorable Winston Spencer Churchill that… the Tank was converted into a practical shape.” Later Churchill would also promote the development and use of radar and the breaking of the Ger- man codes from the Enigma machine.

The Boer War

In 1899, Winston Churchill headed to South Africa as a newspaper correspondent for the Morning Post to cover the Boer War between British and Dutch settlers. Unfor- tunately, he was present at an ambush of an armored train and captured by enemy Boer soldiers. On November 18, 1899, Churchill along with the other prisoners arrived in Pretoria at the prison called the State Model Schools. On the night of December 12th, when the prison guards turned their backs on Churchill, he took the opportunity to climb over the prison wall. Wearing a brown flannel suit with £75 (the equivalent of $375) and four slabs of chocolate in his pocket, Churchill walked on leisurely through the night in hopes of finding the Delagoa Bay Railway. So began his great escape and journey to freedom. Churchill jumped onto a train and hid among soft sacks covered in coal dust. Leaving the train before daybreak, Chur- chill continued on his escape. With luck, Winston Churchill happened upon the home of Mr. John Howard, manager of the Transvaal Collieries. Upon knocking on his door, Mr. Howard’s response to Winston Churchill plea for help was “Thank God you have come here! It is the only house for twenty miles where you would not have been handed over. But we are all British here, and we will see you through.” Mr. Howard first hid Churchill in a coal mine then transported him to safety by hav- ing Churchill squeeze into a hole at the end of a train car loaded with bales of wool. Upon reaching Durban, South Africa, Winston Churchill found himself a hero.

Winston Churchill lived to be ninety years of age. During his lifetime many changes occurred politically, socially and technologically. This timeline shows not only the highlights of Churchill’s life but events and things that contributed to the changing society that he grew up in.

Уинстон Черчилль краткая биография премьер-министра, политического и государственного деятеля Великобритании изложена в этой статье.

Уинстон Черчилль краткая биография

Родился 30 ноября 1874 года в Бленхейме, графство Оксфордшир в состоятельной и влиятельной семье. До 8 лет его воспитанием занималась няня, а потом он обучался в школе в Барайтоне.

Черчилль обучался в престижной школе Хэрроу, где получил отличные навыки в фехтовании. В возрасте 19 лет он поступил в Сандхерстский Королевский военный колледж, после окончания которого отправился служить в Южную Индию.

Недолго он проходил военную службу в гусарском полку – его отправили на Кубу. Там Уинстон был военным корреспондентом, печатал статьи. Затем отправился на военную операцию по подавлению восстания пуштунских племен. По окончанию военных действий вышла книга Черчилля «История Малакандского полевого корпуса». Следующей кампанией, в которой принял участие Черчилль, стало подавление восстания в Судане.

Когда Черчилль уходил в отставку, его знали как превосходного журналиста. В 1899 году он неудачно баллотировался в парламент. Затем, участвуя в англо-бурской войне, попал плен, но смог бежать из лагеря.

В 1900 году был избран в Палату общин от консерваторов. Тогда же вышел роман Черчилля – «Саврола». В декабре 1905 года, если рассматривать краткую биографию Черчилля, им была занята должность заместителя министра по делам колоний.

В 1908 году Черчилль знакомится со своей будущей супругой – Клементиной Хоузьер. В этом же году они обвенчались, и впоследствии у четы было пять детей.

В 1910 году он стал министром внутренних дел, а в 1911 – Первым Лордом адмиралтейства. В 1919 году он получает должность военного министра и министра авиации. В 1920-е годы Черчилль работает в основном в парламенте, занимая различные должности, и увлекается живописью. В 1924 году снова вошел в Палату общин. В том же году стал Канцлером казначейства. После выборов 1931 года основал в составе консервативной партии свою фракцию.

Премьер-министром Великобритании Черчилль избирался два раза. Первый раз в возрасте 65 лет, а второй раз в возрасте 77 лет, когда в 1952 году власть возвращается к консерваторам. Во время его пребывания на посту премьер-министра, в 1941 году Великобритания подписала с СССР соглашение о совместных действиях против фашистской Германии. Затем была подписана Атлантическая хартия с США, к которой позже присоединился и Советский Союз. В 1953 году сама королева Елизавета удостоила политика рыцарским титулом, и он стал сером Уинстоном Черчиллем. Тогда же он удостоился Нобелевской премии в области литературы.

Премьер-министр, политический и государственный деятель Великобритании, лауреат Нобелевской премии, писатель. Родился Уинстон Черчилль 30 ноября 1874 года в Бленхейме, графство Оксфордшир в состоятельной и влиятельной семье. До восьми лет в биографии Уинстона Черчилля его воспитанием занималась няня. А затем его отдали учиться в школу Сент-Джордж, позже перевели в школу в Барайтоне. Черчилль обучался в школе Хэрроу, где кроме знаний получил отличные навыки в фехтовании. А в 1893 году стал учиться в Королевском военном училище, по окончанию которого получил звание младшего лейтенанта. Недолго в биографии Черчилля проходила военная служба в гусарском полку - его отправили на Кубу. Там Уинстон был военным корреспондентом, печатал статьи. Затем отправился на военную операцию по подавлению восстания пуштунских племен. По окончанию военных действий вышла книга Черчилля «История Малакандского полевого корпуса». Следующей кампанией, в которой принял участие Черчилль, стало подавление восстания в Судане. На момент ухода в отставку биография Уинстона Черчилля была известна как превосходного журналиста. В 1899 году он неудачно баллотировался в парламент. Затем, участвуя в англо-бурской войне, попал плен, но смог бежать из лагеря. В 1900 году был избран в Палату общин от консерваторов. Тогда же вышел роман Черчилля - «Саврола». В декабре 1905 года, если рассматривать краткую биографию Черчилля, им была занята должность заместителя министра по делам колоний. В 1910 году он стал министром внутренних дел, а в 1911 - Первым Лордом адмиралтейства. После Первой мировой войны стал Министром вооружений, затем авиации и военным министром. В 1924 году снова вошел в Палату общин. В том же году стал Канцлером казначейства. После выборов 1931 года основал в составе консервативной партии свою фракцию. 10 мая 1940 года Черчилль занял пост премьер-министра (оставался в должности до июля 1945). Сам занял должность министра обороны, чтобы руководить всеми военными действиями. В 1951 году в биографии Черчилля снова был занят пост премьер-министра. В должности он оставался до апреля 1955. Скончался Черчилль 24 января 1964 года.

Periods in Office :
May 10,1940 to July 27, 1945
October 26, 1951 to April 7, 1955 Political Party: Conservative

PM Predecessors : Neville Chamberlain, Clement Attlee
PM Successors : Clement Attlee, Anthony Eden
Date of Birth : November 30, 1874, Oxfordshire, England
Death : January 24, 1965, London, England

The Right Honourable Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG. ОМ. CH. FRS (November 30, 1874 - January 24, 1965) was a British politician, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II. At various times an author, soldier, journalist, legislator and painter, Churchill is generally regarded as one of the most important leaders in British and world history.

Winston Churchill was born at Blenheim Palace, near Woodstock in Oxfordshire. Winston’s father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a politician. Winston’s mother, Lady Randolph Churchill of Brooklyn, New York, was a daughter of American millionaire Leonard Jerome. As the son of a prominent politician, it was unsurprising that Churchill was soon drawn into politics himself.

He started speaking at a number of Conservative meetings in the 1890s. In the 1906 general election, Churchill won a seat in Manchester. He served as Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Churchill soon became the most prominent member of the Government. At the outbreak of the Second World War Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. He was an early supporter of the pan-Europeanism that led to the formation of the European Common market and later the European Union (for which one of the three main buildings of the European Parliament is named in his honour).

Miscellany - In 1953 he was awarded two major honours. He was knighted and became Sir Winston Churchill and he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values. He was named Time Magazine "Man of the Halt-Century" in the early 1950s. In 1959 Churchill inherited the title of Father of the House. He became the MP with the longest continuous service - since 1924.

Churchill College, a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, was founded in 1960 as the national and commonwealth memorial to Winston Churchill. Churchill was voted as "The Greatest Briton" in 2002 "100 Greatest Britons" poll sponsored by the BBC and voted for by the public.